967:
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2007:
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Gödel believed in an afterlife, saying, "Of course this supposes that there are many relationships which today's science and received wisdom haven't any inkling of. But I am convinced of this , independently of any theology." It is "possible today to perceive, by pure reasoning" that it "is entirely
725:
majority which included his parents. His father was
Catholic and his mother was Protestant and the children were raised as Protestants. The ancestors of Kurt Gödel were often active in Brünn's cultural life. For example, his grandfather Joseph Gödel was a famous singer in his time and for some years
796:
from 1916 to 1924, excelling with honors in all his subjects, particularly in mathematics, languages and religion. Although Gödel had first excelled in languages, he later became more interested in history and mathematics. His interest in mathematics increased when in 1920 his older brother Rudolf
1310:
to alert
Roosevelt of the possibility of Hitler making an atom bomb. Gödel never conveyed that letter to Einstein, although they did meet, because he was not convinced Hitler could achieve this feat. In any case, Leo Szilard had already conveyed the message to Einstein, and Einstein had already
1098:
of axioms for arithmetic (that is, a set that can in principle be printed out by an idealized computer with unlimited resources), there is a formula that is true of arithmetic, but not provable in that system. To make this precise, Gödel had to produce a method to encode (as natural numbers)
1317:
Einstein was also living in
Princeton during this time. Gödel and Einstein developed a strong friendship, and were known to take long walks together to and from the Institute for Advanced Study. The nature of their conversations was a mystery to the other Institute members. Economist
2843:
Dawson 1997, pp. 179–80. The story of Gödel's citizenship hearing is repeated in many versions. Dawson's account is the most carefully researched, but was written before the rediscovery of
Morgenstern's written account. Most other accounts appear to be based on Dawson, hearsay or
1197:
Gödel visited the IAS again in the autumn of 1935. The travelling and the hard work had exhausted him and the next year he took a break to recover from a depressive episode. He returned to teaching in 1937. During this time, he worked on the proof of consistency of the
980:
Kurt Gödel's achievement in modern logic is singular and monumental—indeed it is more than a monument, it is a landmark which will remain visible far in space and time. ... The subject of logic has certainly completely changed its nature and possibilities with Gödel's
2623:. From p. 80, which quotes Rudolf Gödel, Kurt's brother and a medical doctor. The words "a severe nervous crisis", and the judgement that the Schlick assassination was its trigger, are from the Rudolf Gödel quote. Rudolf knew Kurt well in those years.
10489:
1548:." Of religion(s) in general, he said: "Religions are for the most part bad, but not religion itself." According to his wife Adele, "Gödel, although he did not go to church, was religious and read the Bible in bed every Sunday morning", while of
1376:
Gödel became a permanent member of the
Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton in 1946. Around this time he stopped publishing, though he continued to work. He became a full professor at the Institute in 1953 and an emeritus professor in 1976.
781:; he completely recovered, but for the rest of his life he remained convinced that his heart had suffered permanent damage. Beginning at age four, Gödel suffered from "frequent episodes of poor health", which would continue for his entire life.
1305:
to the
Pacific, sailed from Japan to San Francisco (which they reached on March 4, 1940), then crossed the US by train to Princeton. During this trip, Gödel was supposed to be carrying a secret letter from Viennese physicist Hans Thirring to
3344:
Godel was not unmoved by religious concerns. On the contrary, his library included many books and tracts devoted to various religious sects; among his notebooks are two devoted to theology; and in a shorthand manuscript found in his
1294:, so Gödel had to apply for a different position under the new order. His former association with Jewish members of the Vienna Circle, especially with Hahn, weighed against him. The University of Vienna turned his application down.
1885:
3270:. The Grandjean questionnaire is perhaps the most extended autobiographical item in Gödel's papers. Gödel filled it out in pencil and wrote a cover letter, but he never returned it. "Theistic" is italicized in both
3014:
1491:, and would eat only food prepared by his wife Adele. Adele was hospitalized beginning in late 1977, and in her absence Gödel refused to eat; he weighed 29 kilograms (65 lb) when he died of "malnutrition and
1021:
1093:
Gödel constructed a formula that claims it is unprovable in a given formal system. If it were provable, it would be false. Thus there will always be at least one true but unprovable statement. That is, for any
3475:
757:, "Gödel considered himself always Austrian and an exile in Czechoslovakia". In February 1929, he was granted release from his Czechoslovak citizenship and then, in April, granted Austrian citizenship. When
3211:
Gödel had a happy childhood, and was called 'Mr. Why' by his family, due to his numerous questions. He was baptized as a
Lutheran, and re-mained a theist (a believer in a personal God) throughout his life.
567:
3476:"Kurt-Gödel-Forschungsstelle: die "Philosophischen Bemerkungen" Kurt Gödels (Kurt Gödel Research Centre: The 'Philosophical Remarks' of Kurt Gödel) – Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities"
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1372:
could happen in the U.S. Gödel then started to explain his discovery to Forman. Forman understood what was going on, cut Gödel off, and moved the hearing on to other questions and a routine conclusion.
1224:(née Porkert, 1899–1981), whom he had known for over 10 years, on September 20, 1938. Gödel's parents had opposed their relationship because she was a divorced dancer, six years older than he was.
3375:, p. 148, 4.4.3. It is one of Gödel's observations, made between 16 November and 7 December 1975, which Wang found hard to classify under the main topics considered elsewhere in the book.
1322:
recounts that toward the end of his life
Einstein confided that his "own work no longer meant much, that he came to the Institute merely ... to have the privilege of walking home with Gödel".
1345:
conjectures that Gödel discovered a proof for the independence of the axiom of choice from finite type theory, a weakened form of set theory, while in Blue Hill in 1942. Gödel's close friend
1368:, who knew Einstein and had administered the oath at Einstein's own citizenship hearing. Everything went smoothly until Forman happened to ask Gödel if he thought a dictatorship like the
1156:. This triggered "a severe nervous crisis" in Gödel. He developed paranoid symptoms, including a fear of being poisoned, and spent several months in a sanitarium for nervous diseases.
676:, assuming that its axioms are consistent. The former result opened the door for mathematicians to assume the axiom of choice in their proofs. He also made important contributions to
51:
1297:
His predicament intensified when the German army found him fit for conscription. World War II started in
September 1939. Before the year was up, Gödel and his wife left Vienna for
661:, which codes formal expressions as natural numbers. The second incompleteness theorem, which follows from the first, states that the system cannot prove its own consistency.
657:), there are true propositions about the natural numbers that can be neither proved nor disproved from the axioms. To prove this, Gödel developed a technique now known as
10482:
994:
830:
939:
in which the problem of completeness was posed: "Are the axioms of a formal system sufficient to derive every statement that is true in all models of the system?"
1648:
is given annually to an outstanding paper in theoretical computer science. Gödel's philosophical notebooks are preserved at the Kurt Gödel
Research Centre at the
1251:
for set theory (ZF). This result has had considerable consequences for working mathematicians, as it means they can assume the axiom of choice when proving the
592:
to be one of the most significant logicians in history, Gödel profoundly influenced scientific and philosophical thinking in the 20th century (at a time when
11370:
3349:
he remarked that "Die Religionen sind zum größten Teil schlecht , aber nicht die Religion." ("Religions are for the most part bad, but not religion itself.")
1649:
1171:
to the point where he was able to present a lecture on general recursive functions and the concept of truth. This work was developed in number theory, using
2126:
1652:. Five volumes of Gödel's collected works have been published. The first two include his publications; the third includes unpublished manuscripts from his
1456:
2034:
1530:
In an unmailed answer to a questionnaire, Gödel described his religion as "baptized Lutheran (but not member of any religious congregation). My belief is
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1934:
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During his time at the institute, Gödel's interests turned to philosophy and physics. In 1949, he demonstrated the existence of solutions involving
393:
11340:
1364:. Einstein and Morgenstern were concerned that their friend's unpredictable behavior might jeopardize his application. The judge turned out to be
1210:
717:), into the German-speaking family of Rudolf Gödel (1874–1929), the managing director and part owner of a major textile firm, and Marianne Gödel (
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4511:
1148:
came to power in Germany, and over the following years the Nazis rose in influence in Austria, and among Vienna's mathematicians. In June 1936,
240:
2295:
908:. According to Gödel, mathematical logic was "a science prior to all others, which contains the ideas and principles underlying all sciences."
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Gödel believed that God was personal, and called his philosophy "rationalistic, idealistic, optimistic, and theological". He formulated a
11305:
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867:
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2480:. 11th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Cracow, August 1999. Vol. 1. 2002. p. 291.
1460:
1411:, but came to believe that a hostile conspiracy had caused some of Leibniz's works to be suppressed. To a lesser extent he studied
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3987:
1392:. He is said to have given this elaboration to Einstein as a present for his 70th birthday. His "rotating universes" would allow
1263:
of ZF in which AC and GCH are false; together these proofs mean that AC and GCH are independent of the ZF axioms for set theory.
777:("Mr. Why") because of his insatiable curiosity. According to his brother Rudolf, at the age of six or seven, Kurt suffered from
11365:
11330:
2732:
the Mathematics department at the University of Notre Dame was host ... for a single semester in the spring of 1939 Kurt Gödel
2519:
1329:, at the Blue Hill Inn at the top of the bay. Gödel was not merely vacationing but had a very productive summer of work. Using
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consistent axiomatization sufficient for number theory (that was to serve as the foundation for other fields of mathematics).
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1956:
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165:
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1610:
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consistent with known facts." "If the world is rationally constructed and has meaning, then there must be such a thing ."
175:
3941:
3250:
Gödel's answer to a special questionnaire sent him by the sociologist Burke Grandjean. This answer is quoted directly in
1314:
In Princeton, Gödel accepted a position at the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), which he had visited during 1933–34.
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supports this conjecture, noting that Gödel's Blue Hill notebooks contain his most extensive treatment of the problem.
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Subsequently, he left for another visit to the United States, spending the autumn of 1938 at the IAS and publishing
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1194:, who had just completed his PhD at Princeton, took notes of these lectures that have been subsequently published.
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Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, Cambridge, Massachusetts, August 30–September 6, 1950
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in which the only sets that exist are those that can be constructed from simpler sets. Gödel showed that both the
942:
This problem became the topic that Gödel chose for his doctoral work. In 1929, aged 23, he completed his doctoral
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The Consistency of the Axiom of Choice and of the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis with the Axioms of Set Theory
1628:, founded in 1987, is an international organization for the promotion of research in logic, philosophy, and the
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exam, where they acted as witnesses. Gödel had confided in them that he had discovered an inconsistency in the
1260:
1206:; he went on to show that these hypotheses cannot be disproved from the common system of axioms of set theory.
919:
on completeness and consistency in mathematical systems may have set Gödel's life course. In 1928, Hilbert and
220:
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1579:. It partly explores the ramifications of the fact that Gödel's incompleteness theorem can be applied to any
1385:
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Consistency of the axiom of choice and of the generalized continuum-hypothesis with the axioms of set theory,
1164:
1074:
These theorems ended a half-century of attempts, beginning with the work of Gottlob Frege and culminating in
954:. He was awarded his doctorate in 1930, and his thesis (accompanied by additional work) was published by the
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Smullyan, R. M. (1992). Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. IX.
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Smullyan, R. M. (1992). Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. V.
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1152:, whose seminar had aroused Gödel's interest in logic, was assassinated by one of his former students,
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to the past and caused Einstein to have doubts about his own theory. His solutions are known as the
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2990:"The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details | NSF – National Science Foundation"
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1930. "Some metamathematical results on completeness and consistency," 595–96. Abstract to (1931).
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2902:"An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation"
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At the University of Vienna, Gödel attended mathematics and philosophy courses side by side with
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1419:. In the early 1970s, Gödel circulated among his friends an elaboration of Leibniz's version of
856:, he also attended courses on mathematics and philosophy. During this time, he adopted ideas of
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3515:[On formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related systems I]
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852:. He had already mastered university-level mathematics. Although initially intending to study
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The Vienna Circle: Studies in the Origins, Development, and Influence of Logical Empiricism
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It's Not All In The Numbers: Gregory Chaitin Explains Gödel's Mathematical Complexities.
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1247:(GCH) are true in the constructible universe, and therefore must be consistent with the
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3513:"Über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der Principia Mathematica und verwandter Systeme, I"
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3278:. It is possible that this italicization is Wang's and not Gödel's. The quote follows
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statements, proofs, and the concept of provability; he did this by a process known as
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Practical Tried-and-Tested Strategies to Overcome OCD
3080:"Tragic deaths in science: Kurt Gödel - looking over the edge of reason - Paperpile"
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2724:
2658:"The Consistency of the Axiom of Choice and of the Generalized Continuum-Hypothesis"
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2012:
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1930. "The completeness of the axioms of the functional calculus of logic," 582–91.
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1798:
On Formally Undecidable Propositions Of Principia Mathematica And Related Systems
1787:
On Formally Undecidable Propositions Of Principia Mathematica And Related Systems
1759:
1580:
1552:, he said, "I like Islam: it is a consistent idea of religion and open-minded."
1480:
1307:
1240:
1199:
1163:, who became a good friend. He delivered an address to the annual meeting of the
1160:
1032:
1022:
On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems
778:
740:
739:
at age 12 when the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed following its defeat in the
722:
706:
681:
665:
86:
2419:
1951:
Volume 2: Zeiteinteilung (Maximen) I und II / Time Management (Maxims) I and II
1397:
180:
11219:
11191:
11177:
11173:
10923:
10902:
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3779:
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2662:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1680:
1484:
1416:
1365:
1360:
that could allow the U.S. to become a dictatorship; this has since been dubbed
1191:
1149:
893:
877:
764:
in 1938, Gödel automatically became a German citizen at age 32. In 1948, after
736:
714:
650:
639:
two years later, in 1931. The first incompleteness theorem states that for any
275:
2927:
2901:
2049:
1645:
190:
11284:
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1412:
1048:
912:
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643:
601:
589:
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9413:
2772:"The spy who flunked it: Kurt Gödel's forgotten part in the atom-bomb story"
2354:"Gabelsberger stenography | Gödel Enigma | University of Helsinki"
2281:
1609:
Critics' Top Book of 2021. Gödel was one of four mathematicians examined in
998:
509:
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11159:
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11099:
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10779:
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1289:
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1145:
1139:
1133:
1036:
943:
810:
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758:
677:
621:
3952:: an article about the relationship between Gödel and Einstein by Jim Holt
3079:
627:
Gödel's discoveries in the foundations of mathematics led to the proof of
11212:
11166:
11088:
11067:
10944:
10916:
10846:
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10758:
10730:
10702:
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4615:
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1775:
Proceedings of the international Congress of Mathematicians in Cambridge,
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1584:
1393:
1369:
752:
689:
581:
362:
1700:
1930, "Die Vollständigkeit der Axiome des logischen Funktionenkalküls."
1167:. During this year, Gödel also developed the ideas of computability and
790:, a Lutheran school in Brünn from 1912 to 1916, and was enrolled in the
11233:
11152:
11074:
10951:
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5099:
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4029:
3812:
3532:
1670:
1471:
1352:
On December 5, 1947, Einstein and Morgenstern accompanied Gödel to his
1301:. To avoid the difficulty of an Atlantic crossing, the Gödels took the
1256:
1236:
609:
8408:
2342:(Winter 2015 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
11198:
10723:
10152:
10093:
10002:
9932:
9877:
9741:
9721:
9558:
9523:
8716:
8587:
7173:
6943:
5293:
4681:
4398:
4361:
4312:
4210:
3494:"The Academy – Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities"
3493:
2811:
1683:, briefly appears walking with Einstein in the gardens of Princeton.
1537:
1492:
1279:
761:
585:
6981:
3119:
3094:
10874:
10649:
10038:
10007:
9962:
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9895:
9832:
9802:
9696:
4685:
2879:
1655:
1475:
Gravestone of Kurt and Adele Gödel in the Princeton, N.J., cemetery
946:
under Hans Hahn's supervision. In it, he established his eponymous
573:
1116:. In the proof, he implicitly used what has later become known as
82:
50:
11268:
10053:
10048:
9987:
9907:
9646:
3738:
Gödel on Intuitionism and Constructive Foundations of Mathematics
1636:
hosts the Kurt Gödel Research Center for Mathematical Logic. The
1545:
916:
370:
11240:
3876:
A World Without Time: The Forgotten Legacy of Gödel and Einstein
1231:
a classic of modern mathematics. In that work he introduced the
10078:
9867:
9756:
4423:
4245:
1532:
841:
798:
721:
Handschuh, 1879–1966). At the time of his birth the city had a
631:
in 1929 as part of his dissertation to earn a doctorate at the
387:
718:
539:
9797:
9553:
9492:
4295:
4062:
3998:
2371:
Parsons, Charles (2010). "Gödel and philosophical idealism".
1549:
1483:
and illness. Following the assassination of his close friend
1063:
825:
605:
2478:
In the Scope of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science
533:
11138:
3675:
Dawson, John W Jr (1999), "Gödel and the Limits of Logic",
2746:"Max Dehn, Kurt Gödel, and the Trans-Siberian Escape Route"
995:
Second Conference on the Epistemology of the Exact Sciences
710:
1940:
Volume 1: Philosophie I Maximen 0 / Philosophy I Maxims 0
1188:
On undecidable propositions of formal mathematical systems
1127:
1031:
that is powerful enough to describe the arithmetic of the
3717:
Gödel's Theorem: An Incomplete Guide to Its Use and Abuse
3133:
1773:
1950, "Rotating Universes in General Relativity Theory."
1614:
530:
255:
144:
3868:
Gödel Meets Einstein: Time Travel in the Gödel Universe.
2491:
Halmos, P.R. (April 1973). "The Legend of von Neumann".
1273:
1159:
In 1933, Gödel first traveled to the U.S., where he met
3232:
2538:
1838:: Oxford University Press: New York. Editor-in-chief:
1789:, tr. B. Meltzer, with a comprehensive introduction by
1325:
Gödel and his wife, Adele, spent the summer of 1942 in
30:"Godel" and "Gödel" redirect here. For other uses, see
1457:
Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1968
1451:, in 1974. Gödel was elected a resident member of the
3734:
3650:
Journey to the Edge of Reason: The Life of Kurt Gödel
2336:
Kim, Alan (January 1, 2015). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
2124:(1980). "Kurt Godel. 28 April 1906–14 January 1978".
1650:
Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
1601:
Journey to the Edge of Reason: The Life of Kurt Gödel
548:
3660:, Cambridge, MA: Basic Books (Perseus Books Group),
2127:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
2002:
1931:
Philosophische Notizbücher / Philosophical Notebooks
536:
3956:
Notices of the AMS, April 2006, Volume 53, Number 4
3575:
Incompleteness: The Proof and Paradox of Kurt Gödel
768:, at the age of 42, he became an American citizen.
527:
10509:100: The Most Important People of the 20th Century
3970:Edge: A Talk with Rebecca Goldstein on Kurt Gödel.
3741:(Ph.D. thesis). Helsinki: University of Helsinki.
3354:
2179:
2177:
848:At the age of 18, Gödel joined his brother at the
749:, like many residents of the predominantly German
649:powerful enough to describe the arithmetic of the
10232:
4697:
3560:Logical dilemmas: The life and work of Kurt Gödel
3041:"Rotating universes in general relativity theory"
2965:Logical Dilemmas: The Life and Work of Kurt Gödel
2853:
2609:Godel: A Life Of Logic, The Mind, And Mathematics
1830:1931a. "On completeness and consistency," 616–17.
1593:Logical Dilemmas: The Life and Work of Kurt Gödel
868:Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft
844:, where he discovered his incompleteness theorems
572:; April 28, 1906 – January 14, 1978) was a
27:Mathematical logician and philosopher (1906–1978)
11282:
6982:Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences
3994:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
3962:Paul Davies and Freeman Dyson discuss Kurt Godel
1793:. Dover reprint of the 1962 Basic Books edition.
1178:In 1934, Gödel gave a series of lectures at the
3134:Toates, Frederick; Olga Coschug Toates (2002).
2174:
1726:1932, "Zum intuitionistischen Aussagenkalkül",
1282:on 12 March 1938, Austria had become a part of
1112:(1932), Gödel refuted the finite-valuedness of
1008:Gödel published his incompleteness theorems in
3188:
3053:. Vol. 1. pp. 175–81. Archived from
2763:
2594:Constructivism in Mathematics: An Introduction
2035:Original proof of Gödel's completeness theorem
1808:A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879–1931
10490:
9508:
8424:
4667:
4014:
3092:
2856:"History of the Naturalization of Kurt Gödel"
2596:. Vol. 1. North-Holland. pp. 64–66.
2456:The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood
1933:: De Gruyter: Berlin/München/Boston. Editor:
1710:1931, "Über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der
1479:Later in his life, Gödel suffered periods of
771:In his family, the young Gödel was nicknamed
11371:Corresponding fellows of the British Academy
3968:"Gödel and the Nature of Mathematical Truth"
3891:Notices of the American Mathematical Society
3655:
3262:, p. 112. It's also quoted directly in
2753:Notices of the American Mathematical Society
2606:
2564:. New York University Press. pp. 85–87.
1768:Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings
1660:, and the final two include correspondence.
1653:
1583:computational system, which may include the
1564:
1336:
1330:
1287:
1137:
1107:
1009:
924:
892:, but when he took part in a seminar run by
865:
791:
785:
772:
750:
727:
3729:The Search for Mathematical Roots 1870–1940
3622:A Logical Journey: From Gödel to Philosophy
3038:
2880:"Kurt Gödel – Institute for Advanced Study"
2574:
2259:
1886:Volume III: Unpublished Essays and Lectures
1136:at Vienna in 1932, and in 1933 he became a
1075:
1012:
744:
695:
11351:Austrian people of Moravian-German descent
11321:American people of Moravian-German descent
10497:
10483:
9515:
9501:
8431:
8417:
4674:
4660:
4021:
4007:
3510:
2294:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1571:to celebrate the work and ideas of Gödel,
974:
801:, where he attended medical school at the
49:
11416:People with paranoid personality disorder
11401:Naturalized citizens of the United States
3863:. Engineering & Science, Winter 1988.
3568:
3118:
3072:
2926:
2828:
2787:
2743:
2699:
2681:
2600:
2591:
2266:. Feferman, Solomon. Oxford. p. 37.
1821:"On formally undecidable propositions of
1728:Anzeiger Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien
1691:
1427:of God's existence. This is now known as
705:Gödel was born April 28, 1906, in Brünn,
394:Über die Vollständigkeit des Logikkalküls
9537:
6391:
3302:is expanded to "religious congregation".
2854:Oskar Morgenstern (September 13, 1971).
2607:Casti, John L.; Depauli, Werner (2001).
1470:
965:
824:
735:Gödel automatically became a citizen of
11341:Austrian emigrants to the United States
8707:
8438:
4961:
4683:United States National Medal of Science
3988:MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
3843:Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
3711:
3656:Casti, John L; DePauli, Werner (2000),
2769:
2517:
2511:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2370:
2120:
1466:
1128:Mid-1930s: further work and U.S. visits
1024:"). In that article, he proved for any
1001:, 5–7 September. Here he delivered his
902:Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy
14:
11411:People from the Margraviate of Moravia
11283:
10016:
3674:
3556:
3322:Kurt Gödel: Collected Works: Volume IV
3263:
3158:
2961:
2737:
2581:. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
2544:
2490:
1499:on January 14, 1978. He was buried in
1495:caused by personality disturbance" in
1266:Gödel spent the spring of 1939 at the
1011:Über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der
680:by clarifying the connections between
616:), building on earlier work by Frege,
10773:Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein
10478:
9496:
8412:
7511:
7510:
6980:
6390:
5904:
4960:
4696:
4655:
4002:
3912:
3521:Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik
3311:
2899:
2655:
2556:
2418:, who was in his early forties. See:
2116:
2114:
1753:"What is Cantor's continuum problem?"
1718:Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik
1702:Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik
1463:in 1950 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
1434:
1274:Princeton, Einstein, U.S. citizenship
1109:Zum intuitionistischen Aussagenkalkül
559:
11386:Institute for Advanced Study faculty
11381:Foreign members of the Royal Society
11311:20th-century Austrian mathematicians
11301:20th-century American mathematicians
3615:
3592:
3372:
3360:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3238:
3222:
2463:
2308:
2070:List of pioneers in computer science
1756:The American Mathematical Monthly 54
1407:He studied and admired the works of
820:
241:Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory
11396:National Medal of Science laureates
11391:Mathematicians from Austria-Hungary
3942:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3930:
3888:. (Reviewed by John Stachel in the
2335:
2194:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1962:Volume 3: Maximen III / Maxims III
1047:If a (logical or axiomatic formal)
672:can be disproved from the accepted
664:Gödel also showed that neither the
24:
11306:20th-century American philosophers
3786:. Dover paperback reprint c. 2001.
3639:
3578:, New York: W.W. Norton & Co,
3424:"Times Critics' Top Books of 2021"
3330:10.1093/oso/9780198500735.003.0018
3282:, with two corrections taken from
2744:Dawson Jr, John W (October 2002).
2722:
2111:
1866:Volume II: Publications 1938–1974
1673:portrays Gödel. In the 2023 movie
1506:
1459:. He was a Plenary Speaker of the
1447:in 1951, and was also awarded the
1066:cannot be proved within their own
805:. During his teens, Gödel studied
25:
11467:
3906:
3697:10.1038/scientificamerican0699-76
3138:. Class Publishing. p. 221.
2611:. Cambridge, Mass.: Basic Books.
2493:The American Mathematical Monthly
1973:Volume 4: Maximen IV / Maxims IV
1144:(unpaid lecturer) there. In 1933
1043:with the axiom of choice), that:
926:Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik
236:Gödel–McKinsey–Tarski translation
11446:University of Notre Dame faculty
9476:
9467:
9466:
4052:
2656:Gödel, Kurt (November 9, 1938).
2019:
2005:
1846:Volume I: Publications 1929–1936
1770:. Cambridge Univ. Press: 470–85.
1489:obsessive fear of being poisoned
1245:generalized continuum hypothesis
1118:Gödel–Dummett intermediate logic
932:Principles of Mathematical Logic
523:
508:
10124:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
3851:Godel's Incompleteness Theorems
3791:Introduction to Metamathematics
3504:
3486:
3468:
3442:
3416:
3397:
3378:
3366:
3305:
3290:reads "Baptist Lutheran" where
3244:
3195:. Infobase Publishing. p.
3182:
3164:"Gödel and the limits of logic"
3152:
3127:
3086:
3032:
3007:
2982:
2955:
2935:
2893:
2872:
2847:
2837:
2822:
2804:
2716:
2649:
2635:
2626:
2585:
2578:Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems
2568:
2550:
2484:
2447:
2433:. Springer-Verlag. p. 27.
2408:
2399:
2364:
2346:
2329:
2302:
2253:
2090:Tarski's undefinability theorem
1984:Volume 5: Maximen V / Maxims V
1906:Volume IV: Correspondence, A–G
1686:
732:(Men's Choral Union of Brünn).
637:Gödel's incompleteness theorems
312:
166:Gödel's incompleteness theorems
10650:Unknown Tiananmen Square rebel
9522:
8679:Analytic–synthetic distinction
4028:
3735:Hämeen-Anttila, Maria (2020).
2951:(in German). January 13, 2008.
2943:"Das Genie & der Wahnsinn"
2505:10.1080/00029890.1973.11993293
2460:London, Fourth Estate, p. 181.
2317:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc
2244:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2167:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
2154:
2080:Primitive recursive functional
1917:Volume V: Correspondence, H–Z
1638:Association for Symbolic Logic
1453:American Philosophical Society
1286:. Germany abolished the title
793:Deutsches Staats-Realgymnasium
176:Gödel's constructible universe
13:
1:
11366:Burials at Princeton Cemetery
11331:American relativity theorists
10516:Leaders & revolutionaries
10257:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
5905:
4698:Behavioral and social science
3801:(Ishi Press paperback. 2009.
3550:
3093:Davis, Martin (May 4, 2005).
1758:: 515–25. Revised version in
1335:of Gödel's still-unpublished
1165:American Mathematical Society
743:. According to his classmate
56:
11426:Princeton University faculty
3652:. W.W. Norton & Company.
2962:Dawson, John W. Jr. (2005).
2900:Gödel, Kurt (July 1, 1949).
2816:Institute for Advanced Study
1716:und verwandter Systeme, I."
1599:'s book about Gödel's life,
1180:Institute for Advanced Study
700:
381:Institute for Advanced Study
171:Gödel's completeness theorem
7:
11451:University of Vienna alumni
3324:. OUP Oxford. p. 425.
3298:has "rel. cong.", which in
2968:. A K Peters. p. 166.
2518:Stadler, Friedrich (2015).
2427:; Mühlberger, Kurt (2007).
2065:List of Austrian scientists
1998:
1748:Princeton University Press.
1041:Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory
993:In 1930 Gödel attended the
674:Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory
10:
11472:
10667:Artists & entertainers
8578:Causal theory of reference
7586:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
4512:von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel
3958:Kurt Gödel Centenary Issue
3861:Remembrances of Kurt Gödel
3853:. Oxford University Press.
3841:Who Got Einstein's Office?
3819:. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
3719:, Wellesley, MA: AK Peters
3563:, Wellesley, MA: AK Peters
3404:W. W. Norton & Company
3320:; Dawson, John W. (eds.).
2789:10.1038/d41586-024-00644-1
2725:"Kurt Gödel at Notre Dame"
2575:Raatikainen, Panu (2015).
2430:Kurt Kurt Gödel: Das Album
2241:Procházka 2008, pp. 30–34.
1400:(an exact solution of the
1386:Einstein's field equations
970:Gödel as a student in 1925
904:, he became interested in
872:, and participated in the
729:Brünner Männergesangverein
614:foundations of mathematics
89:(now Brno, Czech Republic)
29:
11123:
10969:Scientists & thinkers
10968:
10817:
10666:
10515:
10435:
10354:
10347:
10283:
10223:
10216:
10140:
9886:
9778:
9732:Metrodorus of Stratonicea
9714:
9674:
9665:
9546:
9530:
9462:
9437:
9399:
9373:
9347:
9319:
9263:
9235:
9172:
9151:
9090:
9048:
9025:
9002:
8904:
8848:
8810:
8754:
8661:
8565:
8515:
8489:
8453:
8446:
8348:
8197:
8046:
7867:
7673:
7521:
7517:
7506:
7440:
7342:
7231:
7142:
7063:
6991:
6987:
6976:
6933:
6842:
6734:
6625:
6561:William Hayward Pickering
6506:
6401:
6397:
6386:
6312:
6204:
6058:
5934:
5915:
5911:
5900:
5811:
5620:
5434:
5252:
5108:
4971:
4967:
4956:
4913:
4854:
4766:
4726:
4707:
4703:
4692:
4576:
4539:
4451:
4341:
4313:One-to-one correspondence
4229:
4170:
4061:
4050:
4036:
3918:"Gödel, Kurt (1906–1978)"
3599:Reflections on Kurt Gödel
3294:has "baptized Lutheran".
3170:. University of Cambridge
2928:10.1103/RevModPhys.21.447
2592:Troelstra, A. S. (1988).
2055:Gödel's ontological proof
1555:
1521:Gödel's ontological proof
1449:National Medal of Science
1429:Gödel's ontological proof
1096:computably enumerable set
961:
956:Vienna Academy of Science
829:Plaque to Gödel at 43-45
745:
635:, and the publication of
507:
502:
498:
494:
480:Philosophy of mathematics
464:
452:
442:
432:
428:
420:
416:
404:
386:
376:
358:
351:
342:National Medal of Science
322:
299:
281:Dialectica interpretation
261:Axiom of constructibility
231:Gödel–Gentzen translation
226:Gödel's ontological proof
151:
136:
113:
94:
64:
48:
41:
9928:Eustathius of Cappadocia
8638:Scientific structuralism
8010:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
7456:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
5087:Burrhus Frederic Skinner
3914:Weisstein, Eric Wolfgang
3731:. Princeton Univ. Press.
3625:, Cambridge: MIT Press,
3602:, Cambridge: MIT Press,
3192:A to Z of Mathematicians
2770:Sigmund K (March 2024).
2405:Dawson 1997, p. 24.
2339:Johann Friedrich Herbart
2250:Dawson 1997, p. 15.
2183:For instance, in their "
2105:
1781:In English translation:
1777:Vol. 1, pp. 175–81.
1439:Gödel was awarded (with
1268:University of Notre Dame
787:Evangelische Volksschule
696:Early life and education
629:his completeness theorem
584:. Considered along with
221:Gödel's speed-up theorem
11431:Protestant philosophers
9993:Gaius Marius Victorinus
9588:Demetrius of Amphipolis
7321:Cathleen Synge Morawetz
5239:George Ledyard Stebbins
5160:James Augustine Shannon
3873:Yourgrau, Palle, 2004.
3866:Yourgrau, Palle, 1999.
3817:The Freedom of the Will
3557:Dawson, John W (1997),
3266:, p. 6, who cites
3189:Tucker McElroy (2005).
2643:Hutchinson Encyclopedia
2632:Dawson 1997, pp. 110–12
2373:Philosophia Mathematica
2232:Dawson 1997, p. 12
1810:. Harvard Univ. Press.
1591:published a biography,
1402:Einstein field equation
1249:Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms
1003:incompleteness theorems
975:Incompleteness theorems
911:Attending a lecture by
437:20th-century philosophy
250:The consistency of the
10580:Martin Luther King Jr.
9612:Lastheneia of Mantinea
9607:Hestiaeus of Perinthus
8694:Reflective equilibrium
7778:Joseph O. Hirschfelder
7765:Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
6721:Harry George Drickamer
6667:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
6341:M. Frederick Hawthorne
6215:John D. Baldeschwieler
5455:Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
5137:Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
4271:Constructible universe
4098:Constructibility (V=L)
3789:Stephen Kleene, 1980.
3658:Gödel: A Life of Logic
2683:10.1073/pnas.24.12.556
2385:10.1093/philmat/nkq001
2315:Britannica School High
2140:10.1098/rsbm.1980.0005
2075:Mathematical Platonism
1692:Important publications
1654:
1630:history of mathematics
1565:
1503:. Adele died in 1981.
1476:
1382:closed timelike curves
1337:
1331:
1303:Trans-Siberian Railway
1288:
1233:constructible universe
1138:
1108:
1106:In his two-page paper
1076:
1057:syntactically complete
1017:und verwandter Systeme
1013:
1010:
991:
971:
935:), an introduction to
925:
866:
845:
813:, and the writings of
807:Gabelsberger shorthand
792:
786:
773:
751:
728:
598:Alfred North Whitehead
486:Philosophy of religion
32:Godel (disambiguation)
11356:Austrian philosophers
11336:Analytic philosophers
10818:Builders & titans
10622:Franklin D. Roosevelt
10418:Nicholas Wolterstorff
10193:Theodoric of Freiberg
9863:Clement of Alexandria
9793:Eudorus of Alexandria
9747:Aeschines of Neapolis
9365:Nicholas Wolterstorff
8820:David Malet Armstrong
8369:Sylvester James Gates
7755:William Alfred Fowler
7737:Robert Rathbun Wilson
7550:Robert Burns Woodward
6362:Geraldine L. Richmond
6110:Howard E. Simmons Jr.
5393:Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
5322:Vernon B. Mountcastle
5178:Sterling B. Hendricks
4995:Marshall W. Nirenberg
4990:Theodosius Dobzhansky
4838:William Julius Wilson
4494:Principia Mathematica
4328:Transfinite induction
4187:(i.e. set difference)
3833:New York Univ. Press.
3725:Ivor Grattan-Guinness
3450:"Dangerous Knowledge"
2223:Dawson 1997, pp. 3–4.
2186:Principia Mathematica
2060:Infinite-valued logic
1825:and related systems,"
1823:Principia Mathematica
1766:, eds., 1984 (1964).
1713:Principia Mathematica
1577:Johann Sebastian Bach
1487:, Gödel developed an
1474:
1445:Albert Einstein Award
1184:Princeton, New Jersey
1078:Principia Mathematica
1014:Principia Mathematica
978:
969:
888:. Gödel then studied
828:
797:(born 1902) left for
561:[kʊʁtˈɡøːdl̩]
330:Albert Einstein Award
286:Ordinal definable set
185:closed timelike curve
106:Princeton, New Jersey
11436:Scientists from Brno
11376:Deaths by starvation
11361:Austrian Protestants
11326:American Protestants
10959:Thomas J. Watson Jr.
10203:Berthold of Moosburg
10148:John Scotus Eriugena
10119:David the Invincible
9828:Alexander Peloplaton
8340:Warren M. Washington
8304:Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
8213:Jeremiah P. Ostriker
8158:Martin Schwarzschild
7939:Solomon J. Buchsbaum
7931:J. Robert Schrieffer
7901:E. Margaret Burbidge
7745:Nicolaas Bloembergen
7722:Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
7601:Vladimir K. Zworykin
7353:John Griggs Thompson
7276:Martin David Kruskal
7116:Kurt Otto Friedrichs
6589:Erwin Wilhelm Müller
6543:Ralph Brazelton Peck
6498:Jack St. Clair Kilby
6425:John Robinson Pierce
6392:Engineering sciences
6323:Jacqueline K. Barton
6178:George M. Whitesides
6097:Dudley R. Herschbach
6035:Richard B. Bernstein
6004:Walter H. Stockmayer
5552:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
5483:G. Evelyn Hutchinson
5373:Stanley Norman Cohen
5360:Rita Levi-Montalcini
5196:Keith Roberts Porter
5059:Alfred H. Sturtevant
5054:Michael Heidelberger
5026:Fritz Albert Lipmann
4568:Burali-Forti paradox
4323:Set-builder notation
4276:Continuum hypothesis
4216:Symmetric difference
3979:Gödel photo gallery.
3870:Chicago: Open Court.
3312:Gödel, Kurt (2003).
3258:, and indirectly in
3060:on December 28, 2013
3039:Gödel, Kurt (1950).
3019:search.amphilsoc.org
3015:"APS Member History"
2723:Dawson, John W. Jr.
2260:Gödel, Kurt (1986).
1634:University of Vienna
1563:wrote the 1979 book
1467:Later life and death
1421:Anselm of Canterbury
1259:later constructed a
1204:continuum hypothesis
1114:intuitionistic logic
1020:(called in English "
948:completeness theorem
858:mathematical realism
850:University of Vienna
809:, and criticisms of
803:University of Vienna
686:intuitionistic logic
670:continuum hypothesis
633:University of Vienna
519:Kurt Friedrich Gödel
252:continuum hypothesis
141:University of Vienna
69:Kurt Friedrich Gödel
11107:Ludwig Wittgenstein
11054:John Maynard Keynes
10826:Stephen Bechtel Sr.
10324:Ralph Waldo Emerson
9798:Philo of Alexandria
9637:Menedemus of Pyrrha
9632:Heraclides Ponticus
9617:Timolaus of Cyzicus
9593:Euaeon of Lampsacus
9187:Patricia Churchland
9118:Christine Korsgaard
9004:Logical positivists
8896:Ludwig Wittgenstein
8673:paradox of analysis
8440:Analytic philosophy
8390:Shirley Ann Jackson
8309:Charles P. Slichter
8153:Marshall Rosenbluth
8145:Wallace S. Broecker
8098:Eugene M. Shoemaker
7859:Victor F. Weisskopf
7806:Herbert S. Gutowsky
7788:Edgar Bright Wilson
7629:George Kistiakowsky
7247:Stephen Cole Kleene
6758:George H. Heilmeier
6745:Mildred Dresselhaus
6636:Edward H. Heinemann
6566:Frederick E. Terman
6530:Richard T. Whitcomb
6451:Clarence L. Johnson
6412:Theodore von Kármán
6299:Stephen J. Benkovic
6278:Mostafa A. El-Sayed
6265:Marvin H. Caruthers
6220:Ralph F. Hirschmann
6160:Darleane C. Hoffman
6050:Harden M. McConnell
5991:Frank H. Westheimer
5803:Stanley B. Prusiner
5767:Robert J. Lefkowitz
5526:Howard Martin Temin
5383:Maurice R. Hilleman
5378:Joseph L. Goldstein
5317:Donald A. Henderson
5234:Earl Reece Stadtman
5219:Elizabeth C. Crosby
5183:Orville Alvin Vogel
5013:Donald D. Van Slyke
4962:Biological sciences
4529:Tarski–Grothendieck
3931:Kennedy, Juliette.
3773:Gödel, Escher, Bach
3689:1999SciAm.280f..76D
3677:Scientific American
3511:Kurt Godel (1931).
3430:. December 15, 2021
3111:2005Natur.435...19D
2919:1949RvMP...21..447G
2818:. December 9, 2019.
2674:1938PNAS...24..556G
2646:(1988), p. 518
2425:Dawson Jr., John W.
1804:Jean van Heijenoort
1800:, tr. Martin Hirzel
1791:Richard Braithwaite
1679:, Gödel, played by
1640:has held an annual
1619:Dangerous Knowledge
1567:Gödel, Escher, Bach
1253:Hahn–Banach theorem
1169:recursive functions
1062:The consistency of
854:theoretical physics
831:Josefstädter Straße
784:Gödel attended the
612:to investigate the
474:Philosophy of logic
459:Analytic philosophy
266:Compactness theorem
246:ω-consistent theory
196:Gödel–Dummett logic
11346:Austrian logicians
11316:American logicians
11227:Emmeline Pankhurst
11146:Lady Diana Spencer
11124:Heroes & icons
10910:Charles E. Merrill
10629:Theodore Roosevelt
10319:Emanuel Swedenborg
10252:Cristoforo Landino
10234:Florentine Academy
10024:Plutarch of Athens
9973:Eusebius of Myndus
9968:Maximus of Ephesus
9953:Theodorus of Asine
9848:Numenius of Apamea
9627:Axiothea of Phlius
9583:Erastus of Scepsis
9360:William Lane Craig
9078:Friedrich Waismann
9035:Carl Gustav Hempel
8994:Timothy Williamson
8954:Alasdair MacIntyre
8812:Australian realism
8792:Russ Shafer-Landau
8653:Analytical Thomism
8608:Logical positivism
8262:G. Brent Dalrymple
8080:Arthur L. Schawlow
7987:James A. Van Allen
7878:Philip W. Anderson
7834:Richard P. Feynman
7760:Linus Carl Pauling
7395:Dennis P. Sullivan
6952:John B. Goodenough
6885:Edwin N. Lightfoot
6853:Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
6834:Kenneth N. Stevens
6602:Raymond D. Mindlin
6525:Harold E. Edgerton
6370:A. Paul Alivisatos
6249:Stephen J. Lippard
6228:Ernest R. Davidson
6165:Harold S. Johnston
5999:William S. Johnson
5963:George C. Pimentel
5798:Susan L. Lindquist
5780:Francis S. Collins
5674:Victor A. McKusick
5649:Francisco J. Ayala
5631:Nancy C. Andreasen
5581:Robert A. Weinberg
5355:Har Gobind Khorana
5340:Michael E. DeBakey
5327:George Emil Palade
5299:Wendell L. Roelofs
5289:Howard L. Bachrach
5119:Barbara McClintock
5021:Edward F. Knipling
4118:Limitation of size
3784:Mathematical Logic
3768:Douglas Hofstadter
3570:Goldstein, Rebecca
3533:10.1007/BF01700692
3428:The New York Times
3241:, p. 104-105.
3095:"Gödel's universe"
2453:Gleick, J. (2011)
2170:. Merriam-Webster.
1796:Kurt Gödel, 2000.
1785:Kurt Gödel, 1992.
1626:Kurt Gödel Society
1561:Douglas Hofstadter
1501:Princeton Cemetery
1497:Princeton Hospital
1481:mental instability
1477:
1435:Awards and honours
1390:general relativity
1343:John W. Dawson Jr.
1311:warned Roosevelt.
972:
906:mathematical logic
846:
447:Western philosophy
367:mathematical logic
291:Slingshot argument
271:Condensation lemma
201:Gödel's β function
11278:
11277:
11206:Charles Lindbergh
11139:The American G.I.
11033:Robert H. Goddard
11019:Alexander Fleming
10643:Margaret Thatcher
10615:Eleanor Roosevelt
10573:Ruhollah Khomeini
10566:Pope John Paul II
10545:Mikhail Gorbachev
10531:Winston Churchill
10472:
10471:
10468:
10467:
10413:Peter van Inwagen
10383:Roderick Chisholm
10309:
10308:
10265:
10264:
10136:
10135:
10132:
10131:
9978:Priscus of Epirus
9780:Middle Platonists
9774:
9773:
9770:
9769:
9762:Dio of Alexandria
9687:Diocles of Cnidus
9490:
9489:
9458:
9457:
9174:Pittsburgh School
9164:Peter van Inwagen
9098:Roderick Chisholm
9086:
9085:
8979:Richard Swinburne
8914:G. E. M. Anscombe
8750:
8749:
8648:Analytic theology
8623:Ordinary language
8561:
8560:
8406:
8405:
8402:
8401:
8398:
8397:
8335:Esther M. Conwell
8275:Robert N. Clayton
8267:Riccardo Giacconi
8231:Raymond Davis Jr.
8119:Albert Overhauser
8062:Edwin M. McMillan
8023:Arnold O. Beckman
8000:Paul Ching-Wu Chu
7977:Paul C. Lauterbur
7954:Robert Hofstadter
7906:Maurice Goldhaber
7893:Charles H. Townes
7844:Edward M. Purcell
7811:Frederick Rossini
7665:Wolfgang Panofsky
7596:John H. Van Vleck
7512:Physical sciences
7502:
7501:
7498:
7497:
7464:Solomon W. Golomb
7424:Andrew J. Viterbi
7419:Leonard Kleinrock
7366:Calyampudi R. Rao
7334:Ronald R. Coifman
7242:George F. Carrier
7223:Donald C. Spencer
7218:Saunders Mac Lane
7153:Marshall H. Stone
7103:Shiing-Shen Chern
7010:Solomon Lefschetz
6972:
6971:
6968:
6967:
6909:David J. Wineland
6877:John M. Prausnitz
6818:C. Kumar N. Patel
6813:James L. Flanagan
6781:John Roy Whinnery
6768:H. Guyford Stever
6750:Nick Holonyak Jr.
6713:George W. Housner
6708:Willis M. Hawkins
6703:Daniel C. Drucker
6685:Robert Byron Bird
6677:Bernard M. Oliver
6584:Peter C. Goldmark
6571:Wernher von Braun
6517:George E. Mueller
6490:Nathan M. Newmark
6485:J. Presper Eckert
6464:Claude E. Shannon
6433:Charles S. Draper
6382:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6349:Judith P. Klinman
6233:Gábor A. Somorjai
6144:Isabella L. Karle
6131:George S. Hammond
6092:Gertrude B. Elion
6045:Rudolph A. Marcus
5896:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5822:Ralph L. Brinster
5741:Torsten N. Wiesel
5718:Norman E. Borlaug
5705:Solomon H. Snyder
5700:J. Michael Bishop
5659:Mario R. Capecchi
5539:Salome G. Waelsch
5470:E. Donnall Thomas
5345:Theodor O. Diener
5244:Paul Alfred Weiss
5072:Bernard B. Brodie
5008:George G. Simpson
4952:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4897:Michael I. Posner
4798:Eleanor J. Gibson
4750:George J. Stigler
4718:Neal Elgar Miller
4649:
4648:
4558:Russell's paradox
4507:Zermelo–Fraenkel
4408:Dedekind-infinite
4281:Diagonal argument
4180:Cartesian product
4044:Set (mathematics)
3886:978-0-465-09293-2
3857:Olga Taussky-Todd
3807:978-0-923891-57-2
3748:978-951-51-5922-9
3667:978-0-7382-0518-2
3646:Stephen Budiansky
3585:978-0-393-32760-1
3412:978-0-393-35820-9
3406:, New York City,
3387:, Wellesley, MA,
3339:978-0-19-968961-3
3318:Feferman, Solomon
3206:978-0-8160-5338-4
3145:978-1-85959-069-0
2975:978-1-56881-256-4
2618:978-0-7382-0518-2
2547:, pp. 61–63.
2531:978-3-319-16561-5
2440:978-3-8348-0173-9
2040:Gödel fuzzy logic
2027:Philosophy portal
1968:978-3-11-075325-7
1957:978-3-11-067409-5
1946:978-3-11-058374-8
1935:Eva-Maria Engelen
1923:978-0-19-850075-9
1912:978-0-19-850073-5
1901:978-0-19-514722-3
1893:978-0-19-507255-6
1880:978-0-19-514721-6
1872:978-0-19-503972-6
1861:978-0-19-514720-9
1853:978-0-19-503964-1
1663:In the 1994 film
1597:Stephen Budiansky
1425:ontological proof
1409:Gottfried Leibniz
1358:U.S. Constitution
1320:Oskar Morgenstern
1132:Gödel earned his
1122:Gödel fuzzy logic
1084:Hilbert's program
952:first-order logic
937:first-order logic
921:Wilhelm Ackermann
821:Studies in Vienna
516:
515:
423:Philosophy career
353:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
11463:
11271:
11264:
11257:
11250:
11243:
11236:
11229:
11222:
11215:
11208:
11201:
11194:
11187:
11180:
11169:
11162:
11155:
11148:
11141:
11134:
11116:
11109:
11102:
11091:
11084:
11082:William Shockley
11077:
11070:
11063:
11056:
11049:
11042:
11035:
11028:
11021:
11014:
11007:
11005:Philo Farnsworth
11000:
10993:
10986:
10979:
10961:
10954:
10947:
10940:
10933:
10926:
10919:
10912:
10905:
10898:
10891:
10884:
10877:
10870:
10863:
10856:
10849:
10842:
10835:
10828:
10810:
10803:
10796:
10794:Steven Spielberg
10789:
10782:
10775:
10768:
10761:
10754:
10747:
10740:
10733:
10726:
10719:
10712:
10705:
10698:
10691:
10684:
10677:
10659:
10652:
10645:
10638:
10631:
10624:
10617:
10610:
10603:
10596:
10589:
10582:
10575:
10568:
10561:
10554:
10547:
10540:
10533:
10526:
10524:David Ben-Gurion
10499:
10492:
10485:
10476:
10475:
10352:
10351:
10230:
10229:
10221:
10220:
10069:Ammonius Hermiae
10014:
10013:
9873:Origen the Pagan
9752:Philo of Larissa
9727:Hagnon of Tarsus
9672:
9671:
9657:Crates of Athens
9544:
9543:
9535:
9534:
9517:
9510:
9503:
9494:
9493:
9480:
9479:
9470:
9469:
9409:Nancy Cartwright
9250:Nicholas Rescher
9227:Bas van Fraassen
9217:Nicholas Rescher
9040:Hans Reichenbach
9023:
9022:
8989:Bernard Williams
8886:Bertrand Russell
8808:
8807:
8742:Rigid designator
8705:
8704:
8451:
8450:
8447:Related articles
8433:
8426:
8419:
8410:
8409:
8218:Gilbert F. White
8163:George Wetherill
8057:Allan M. Cormack
8015:Jack Steinberger
7995:D. Allan Bromley
7944:H. Richard Crane
7921:Frederick Reines
7911:Helmut Landsberg
7826:George Uhlenbeck
7727:Vladimir Haensel
7689:Allan R. Sandage
7660:Herbert C. Brown
7642:Herbert Friedman
7568:Leon M. Lederman
7540:Julian Schwinger
7519:
7518:
7508:
7507:
7477:Alexandre Chorin
7451:Richard A. Tapia
7432:David B. Mumford
7260:Alberto Calderón
7205:Joseph B. Keller
7192:Michael Freedman
7161:Herman Goldstine
7015:H. Marston Morse
6989:
6988:
6978:
6977:
6917:Rudolf E. Kálmán
6901:Robert S. Langer
6893:Jan D. Achenbach
6726:Herbert E. Grier
6477:Igor I. Sikorsky
6438:Othmar H. Ammann
6399:
6398:
6388:
6387:
6354:Jerrold Meinwald
6123:Norman Hackerman
6102:Glenn T. Seaborg
6017:William O. Baker
5945:F. Albert Cotton
5913:
5912:
5902:
5901:
5879:Mary-Claire King
5772:Bert W. O'Malley
5728:Thomas E. Starzl
5723:Phillip A. Sharp
5710:Charles Yanofsky
5692:Evelyn M. Witkin
5687:James E. Darnell
5513:Paul C. Zamecnik
5478:Mary Ellen Avery
5450:Herbert W. Boyer
5445:Baruj Benacerraf
5416:Joshua Lederberg
5406:Viktor Hamburger
5368:Michael S. Brown
5214:Robert H. Burris
4969:
4968:
4958:
4957:
4905:Mortimer Mishkin
4830:William K. Estes
4814:Roger N. Shepard
4806:Robert K. Merton
4790:George A. Miller
4737:Herbert A. Simon
4705:
4704:
4694:
4693:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4653:
4652:
4631:Bertrand Russell
4621:John von Neumann
4606:Abraham Fraenkel
4601:Richard Dedekind
4563:Suslin's problem
4474:Cantor's theorem
4191:De Morgan's laws
4056:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4000:
3999:
3946:
3937:Zalta, Edward N.
3927:
3847:Raymond Smullyan
3793:. North Holland
3752:
3720:
3707:
3670:
3635:
3612:
3588:
3564:
3545:
3544:
3518:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3420:
3414:
3401:
3395:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3314:"Marianne Gödel"
3309:
3303:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3162:(June 1, 2006).
3156:
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3149:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3090:
3084:
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3076:
3070:
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3059:
3045:
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3029:
3027:
3025:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2948:Der Tagesspiegel
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2913:(447): 447–450.
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2860:
2851:
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2808:
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2714:
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2685:
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2368:
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2350:
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2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2309:Balaguer, Mark.
2306:
2300:
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2293:
2285:
2257:
2251:
2248:
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2197:
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2158:
2152:
2151:
2118:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2013:Biography portal
2010:
2009:
2008:
1840:Solomon Feferman
1659:
1644:since 1990. The
1570:
1517:existence of God
1441:Julian Schwinger
1362:Gödel's Loophole
1354:U.S. citizenship
1340:
1334:
1327:Blue Hill, Maine
1293:
1223:
1143:
1111:
1086:, to find a non-
1081:
1053:omega-consistent
1029:axiomatic system
1019:
1016:
989:
987:John von Neumann
928:
898:Bertrand Russell
871:
839:
795:
789:
776:
756:
748:
747:
731:
726:a member of the
655:Peano arithmetic
647:axiomatic system
618:Richard Dedekind
594:Bertrand Russell
571:
570:
569:
563:
558:
551:
546:
545:
542:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
512:
482:
406:Doctoral advisor
400:
316:
314:
206:Gödel's Loophole
160:
101:
98:January 14, 1978
78:
76:
58:
53:
39:
38:
21:
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11466:
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11464:
11462:
11461:
11460:
11281:
11280:
11279:
11274:
11267:
11260:
11255:Andrei Sakharov
11253:
11248:Jackie Robinson
11246:
11239:
11232:
11225:
11218:
11211:
11204:
11197:
11190:
11183:
11172:
11165:
11158:
11151:
11144:
11137:
11130:
11119:
11114:Wright brothers
11112:
11105:
11094:
11087:
11080:
11073:
11066:
11059:
11052:
11045:
11038:
11031:
11024:
11017:
11010:
11003:
10998:Albert Einstein
10996:
10989:
10984:Tim Berners-Lee
10982:
10975:
10964:
10957:
10950:
10943:
10936:
10929:
10922:
10915:
10908:
10901:
10894:
10887:
10880:
10873:
10868:Amadeo Giannini
10866:
10859:
10852:
10845:
10838:
10831:
10824:
10813:
10806:
10801:Igor Stravinsky
10799:
10792:
10785:
10778:
10771:
10764:
10757:
10750:
10743:
10738:Aretha Franklin
10736:
10729:
10722:
10715:
10710:Charlie Chaplin
10708:
10701:
10694:
10687:
10680:
10675:Louis Armstrong
10673:
10662:
10655:
10648:
10641:
10636:Margaret Sanger
10634:
10627:
10620:
10613:
10606:
10599:
10592:
10585:
10578:
10571:
10564:
10557:
10550:
10543:
10536:
10529:
10522:
10511:
10503:
10473:
10464:
10431:
10428:Edward N. Zalta
10408:Alvin Plantinga
10388:Michael Dummett
10343:
10334:Bernard Bolzano
10305:
10279:
10261:
10247:Marsilio Ficino
10212:
10198:Meister Eckhart
10128:
10109:John Philoponus
10012:
9882:
9853:Ammonius Saccas
9843:Maximus of Tyre
9766:
9710:
9661:
9602:Python of Aenus
9526:
9521:
9491:
9486:
9477:
9454:
9445:Jan Łukasiewicz
9433:
9401:Stanford School
9395:
9381:Paul Feyerabend
9369:
9355:Alvin Plantinga
9343:
9329:James F. Conant
9315:
9259:
9231:
9222:Wilfrid Sellars
9212:Alexander Pruss
9192:Paul Churchland
9168:
9147:
9103:Donald Davidson
9082:
9044:
9021:
8998:
8924:Michael Dummett
8900:
8891:Frank P. Ramsey
8844:
8806:
8782:Jaakko Hintikka
8767:Keith Donnellan
8746:
8703:
8657:
8618:Neurophilosophy
8603:Logical atomism
8557:
8511:
8485:
8442:
8437:
8407:
8394:
8382:Sean C. Solomon
8344:
8296:Daniel Kleppner
8288:Lonnie Thompson
8283:Ralph A. Alpher
8249:W. Jason Morgan
8236:Charles Keeling
8226:Marvin L. Cohen
8193:
8176:John N. Bahcall
8171:Don L. Anderson
8137:Peter Goldreich
8090:Steven Weinberg
8042:
7972:Walter Elsasser
7949:Herman Feshbach
7863:
7801:Samuel Goudsmit
7793:Chien-Shiung Wu
7732:Frederick Seitz
7699:John A. Wheeler
7684:Robert H. Dicke
7669:
7532:Luis W. Alvarez
7513:
7494:
7482:David Blackwell
7436:
7387:Carl R. de Boor
7358:Karen Uhlenbeck
7338:
7292:Louis Nirenberg
7227:
7200:Ralph E. Gomory
7138:
7134:Donald E. Knuth
7121:Hassler Whitney
7059:
6983:
6964:
6929:
6861:Andreas Acrivos
6838:
6826:Eli Ruckenstein
6805:Hermann A. Haus
6776:Calvin F. Quate
6763:Luna B. Leopold
6730:
6621:
6607:Robert N. Noyce
6597:Emmett N. Leith
6556:Manson Benedict
6538:Rudolf Kompfner
6502:
6456:Warren K. Lewis
6393:
6374:
6308:
6270:Peter B. Dervan
6241:John I. Brauman
6200:
6152:Norman Davidson
6079:John D. Roberts
6054:
6022:Konrad E. Bloch
5968:Richard N. Zare
5930:
5907:
5888:
5845:Sallie Chisholm
5827:Rudolf Jaenisch
5807:
5790:J. Craig Venter
5749:Rita R. Colwell
5616:
5602:David Baltimore
5493:Robert W. Kates
5465:David G. Nathan
5460:Edward B. Lewis
5430:
5426:Harland G. Wood
5421:Roger W. Sperry
5276:Glenn W. Burton
5248:
5224:Arthur Kornberg
5191:Roger Guillemin
5168:Hallowell Davis
5132:Daniel I. Arnon
5124:Albert B. Sabin
5104:
5077:Detlev W. Bronk
5049:Harry F. Harlow
5044:Kenneth S. Cole
5031:William C. Rose
5003:Francis P. Rous
4963:
4944:
4909:
4889:Gordon H. Bower
4850:
4846:Robert M. Solow
4762:
4758:Milton Friedman
4722:
4699:
4688:
4680:
4650:
4645:
4572:
4551:
4535:
4500:New Foundations
4447:
4337:
4256:Cardinal number
4239:
4225:
4166:
4057:
4048:
4032:
4027:
3909:
3756:Jaakko Hintikka
3749:
3713:Franzén, Torkel
3668:
3642:
3640:Further reading
3633:
3610:
3586:
3553:
3548:
3516:
3509:
3505:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3456:. June 11, 2008
3448:
3447:
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3398:
3383:
3379:
3371:
3367:
3359:
3355:
3340:
3310:
3306:
3249:
3245:
3237:
3233:
3221:
3217:
3207:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3160:Dawson, John W.
3157:
3153:
3146:
3132:
3128:
3120:10.1038/435019a
3105:(7038): 19–20.
3091:
3087:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3043:
3037:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2960:
2956:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2907:Rev. Mod. Phys.
2898:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2838:
2827:
2823:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2782:(8002): 26–28.
2768:
2764:
2759:(9): 1068–1075.
2748:
2742:
2738:
2727:
2721:
2717:
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2650:
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2631:
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2601:
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2586:
2573:
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2532:
2516:
2512:
2489:
2485:
2476:
2475:
2464:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2369:
2365:
2358:www.helsinki.fi
2352:
2351:
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2320:
2318:
2307:
2303:
2287:
2286:
2274:
2263:Collected works
2258:
2254:
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2245:
2240:
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2231:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2119:
2112:
2108:
2095:World Logic Day
2045:Gödel–Löb logic
2025:
2020:
2018:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1836:Collected Works
1760:Paul Benacerraf
1694:
1689:
1581:Turing-complete
1558:
1509:
1507:Religious views
1469:
1437:
1308:Albert Einstein
1276:
1241:axiom of choice
1213:
1211:Adele Nimbursky
1200:axiom of choice
1173:Gödel numbering
1161:Albert Einstein
1130:
1101:Gödel numbering
1055:, it cannot be
1033:natural numbers
990:
985:
977:
964:
833:
823:
779:rheumatic fever
762:annexed Austria
741:First World War
723:German-speaking
707:Austria-Hungary
703:
698:
682:classical logic
666:axiom of choice
659:Gödel numbering
651:natural numbers
565:
564:
556:
549:
526:
522:
490:
478:
467:
421:
398:
347:
318:
315: 1938)
310:
306:
305:Adele Nimbursky
295:
216:Gödel operation
211:Gödel numbering
162:
161:
158:
137:Alma mater
132:
109:
103:
99:
90:
87:Austria-Hungary
80:
74:
72:
71:
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60:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11469:
11459:
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11438:
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11413:
11408:
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11393:
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11276:
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11258:
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11244:
11237:
11230:
11223:
11220:Marilyn Monroe
11216:
11209:
11202:
11195:
11192:Kennedy family
11188:
11181:
11178:Tenzing Norgay
11174:Edmund Hillary
11170:
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11118:
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10987:
10980:
10972:
10970:
10966:
10965:
10963:
10962:
10955:
10948:
10941:
10934:
10927:
10924:Walter Reuther
10920:
10913:
10906:
10903:Louis B. Mayer
10899:
10892:
10889:William Levitt
10885:
10878:
10871:
10864:
10857:
10850:
10843:
10840:Willis Carrier
10836:
10829:
10821:
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10815:
10814:
10812:
10811:
10804:
10797:
10790:
10783:
10776:
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10762:
10755:
10748:
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10734:
10727:
10720:
10713:
10706:
10699:
10692:
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10678:
10670:
10668:
10664:
10663:
10661:
10660:
10653:
10646:
10639:
10632:
10625:
10618:
10611:
10604:
10597:
10594:Nelson Mandela
10590:
10587:Vladimir Lenin
10583:
10576:
10569:
10562:
10555:
10548:
10541:
10538:Mahatma Gandhi
10534:
10527:
10519:
10517:
10513:
10512:
10502:
10501:
10494:
10487:
10479:
10470:
10469:
10466:
10465:
10463:
10462:
10457:
10455:Roman Ingarden
10452:
10450:Edmund Husserl
10447:
10441:
10439:
10433:
10432:
10430:
10425:
10423:Crispin Wright
10420:
10415:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10393:W. V. O. Quine
10390:
10385:
10380:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10360:
10358:
10349:
10345:
10344:
10342:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10310:
10307:
10306:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10292:Ralph Cudworth
10289:
10287:
10281:
10280:
10278:
10277:
10272:
10270:Giordano Bruno
10266:
10263:
10262:
10260:
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10254:
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10213:
10211:
10210:
10208:Paul of Venice
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10183:Henry of Ghent
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10000:
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9892:
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9884:
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9855:
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9820:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9784:
9782:
9776:
9775:
9772:
9771:
9768:
9767:
9765:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9718:
9716:
9712:
9711:
9709:
9708:
9703:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9678:
9676:
9669:
9663:
9662:
9660:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9576:
9571:
9569:Philip of Opus
9566:
9561:
9556:
9550:
9548:
9541:
9532:
9528:
9527:
9520:
9519:
9512:
9505:
9497:
9488:
9487:
9485:
9484:
9474:
9463:
9460:
9459:
9456:
9455:
9453:
9452:
9447:
9441:
9439:
9435:
9434:
9432:
9431:
9429:Patrick Suppes
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9405:
9403:
9397:
9396:
9394:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9377:
9375:
9371:
9370:
9368:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9351:
9349:
9345:
9344:
9342:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9325:
9323:
9317:
9316:
9314:
9313:
9311:Michael Walzer
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9267:
9265:
9261:
9260:
9258:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9241:
9239:
9233:
9232:
9230:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9197:Adolf Grünbaum
9194:
9189:
9184:
9182:Robert Brandom
9178:
9176:
9170:
9169:
9167:
9166:
9161:
9155:
9153:
9149:
9148:
9146:
9145:
9140:
9138:W. V. O. Quine
9135:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9113:Nelson Goodman
9110:
9108:Daniel Dennett
9105:
9100:
9094:
9092:
9088:
9087:
9084:
9083:
9081:
9080:
9075:
9073:Moritz Schlick
9070:
9065:
9060:
9054:
9052:
9046:
9045:
9043:
9042:
9037:
9031:
9029:
9020:
9019:
9014:
9008:
9006:
9000:
8999:
8997:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8984:Charles Taylor
8981:
8976:
8974:P. F. Strawson
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8910:
8908:
8902:
8901:
8899:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8871:Norman Malcolm
8868:
8863:
8858:
8852:
8850:
8846:
8845:
8843:
8842:
8840:J. J. C. Smart
8837:
8832:
8827:
8825:David Chalmers
8822:
8816:
8814:
8805:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8787:Giuseppe Peano
8784:
8779:
8777:Edmund Gettier
8774:
8769:
8764:
8758:
8756:
8752:
8751:
8748:
8747:
8745:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8732:Possible world
8729:
8724:
8719:
8713:
8711:
8702:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8684:Counterfactual
8681:
8676:
8665:
8663:
8659:
8658:
8656:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8569:
8567:
8563:
8562:
8559:
8558:
8556:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8543:Paraconsistent
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8519:
8517:
8513:
8512:
8510:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8493:
8491:
8487:
8486:
8484:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8457:
8455:
8454:Areas of focus
8448:
8444:
8443:
8436:
8435:
8428:
8421:
8413:
8404:
8403:
8400:
8399:
8396:
8395:
8393:
8392:
8387:
8384:
8379:
8377:Burton Richter
8374:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8352:
8350:
8346:
8345:
8343:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8330:Yakir Aharonov
8327:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8298:
8293:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8277:
8272:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8244:Richard Garwin
8241:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8208:Willis E. Lamb
8205:
8201:
8199:
8195:
8194:
8192:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8147:
8142:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8100:
8095:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8050:
8048:
8044:
8043:
8041:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7967:Philip Abelson
7964:
7961:
7959:Chen-Ning Yang
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7933:
7928:
7926:Bruno B. Rossi
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7883:Yoichiro Nambu
7880:
7875:
7871:
7869:
7865:
7864:
7862:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7694:John C. Slater
7691:
7686:
7681:
7677:
7675:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7581:Jacob Bjerknes
7578:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7534:
7529:
7525:
7523:
7515:
7514:
7504:
7503:
7500:
7499:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7492:
7487:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7444:
7442:
7438:
7437:
7435:
7434:
7429:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7413:
7408:
7405:
7400:
7397:
7392:
7389:
7384:
7381:
7379:James G. Glimm
7376:
7373:
7371:Elias M. Stein
7368:
7363:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7346:
7344:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7323:
7318:
7315:
7313:Shing-Tung Yau
7310:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7294:
7289:
7286:
7281:
7278:
7273:
7270:
7265:
7262:
7257:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7235:
7233:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7181:
7179:Antoni Zygmund
7176:
7171:
7168:
7166:Isadore Singer
7163:
7158:
7155:
7150:
7146:
7144:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7129:Joseph L. Doob
7126:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7110:
7108:George Dantzig
7105:
7100:
7098:John W. Backus
7095:
7092:
7087:
7084:
7079:
7076:
7074:Richard Brauer
7071:
7067:
7065:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7055:William Feller
7052:
7049:
7044:
7041:
7036:
7033:
7028:
7025:
7020:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7004:
7002:Norbert Wiener
6999:
6995:
6993:
6985:
6984:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6962:
6960:Thomas Kailath
6957:
6954:
6949:
6946:
6941:
6937:
6935:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6927:
6922:
6919:
6914:
6911:
6906:
6903:
6898:
6895:
6890:
6887:
6882:
6879:
6874:
6871:
6866:
6863:
6858:
6855:
6850:
6846:
6844:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6836:
6831:
6828:
6823:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6807:
6802:
6799:
6794:
6791:
6786:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6738:
6736:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6697:
6692:
6690:H. Bolton Seed
6687:
6682:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6643:
6641:Donald L. Katz
6638:
6633:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6619:
6614:
6612:Earl R. Parker
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6519:
6514:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6495:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6466:
6461:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6446:Hugh L. Dryden
6443:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6414:
6409:
6405:
6403:
6395:
6394:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6367:
6364:
6359:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6330:
6328:Peter J. Stang
6325:
6320:
6316:
6314:
6310:
6309:
6307:
6306:
6304:Marye Anne Fox
6301:
6296:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6280:
6275:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6259:
6257:Tobin J. Marks
6254:
6251:
6246:
6243:
6238:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6208:
6206:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6186:Stuart A. Rice
6183:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6154:
6149:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6133:
6128:
6125:
6120:
6118:Donald J. Cram
6115:
6112:
6107:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6087:Ronald Breslow
6084:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6062:
6060:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6029:
6027:Elias J. Corey
6024:
6019:
6014:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5993:
5988:
5986:Carl S. Marvel
5983:
5978:
5973:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5958:Roald Hoffmann
5955:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5923:
5919:
5917:
5909:
5908:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5874:Stanley Falkow
5871:
5868:
5866:Rakesh K. Jain
5863:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5815:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5669:Gene E. Likens
5666:
5661:
5656:
5654:George F. Bass
5651:
5646:
5643:
5638:
5636:Peter H. Raven
5633:
5628:
5624:
5622:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5570:
5565:
5562:
5560:Alexander Rich
5557:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5541:
5536:
5534:Daniel Nathans
5531:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5515:
5510:
5508:Folke K. Skoog
5505:
5500:
5498:Salvador Luria
5495:
5490:
5488:Elvin A. Kabat
5485:
5480:
5475:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5401:Katherine Esau
5398:
5395:
5390:
5388:Eric R. Kandel
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5334:
5332:Joan A. Steitz
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5306:
5304:Berta Scharrer
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5271:Seymour Benzer
5268:
5265:
5263:Philip Handler
5260:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5150:Erwin Chargaff
5147:
5145:Britton Chance
5142:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5095:Robert Huebner
5092:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4984:
4982:C. B. van Niel
4979:
4975:
4973:
4965:
4964:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4940:Albert Bandura
4937:
4934:
4932:Robert Axelrod
4929:
4926:
4921:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4899:
4894:
4891:
4886:
4883:
4878:
4875:
4873:R. Duncan Luce
4870:
4867:
4862:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4840:
4835:
4832:
4827:
4824:
4822:Paul Samuelson
4819:
4816:
4811:
4808:
4803:
4800:
4795:
4792:
4787:
4784:
4782:Patrick Suppes
4779:
4777:Leonid Hurwicz
4774:
4770:
4768:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4739:
4734:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4701:
4700:
4690:
4689:
4679:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4656:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4636:Thoralf Skolem
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4374:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4348:
4346:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4318:Ordinal number
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4196:Disjoint union
4193:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4146:
4145:
4143:Martin's axiom
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4108:Extensionality
4105:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4026:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3982:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3928:
3908:
3907:External links
3905:
3904:
3903:
3871:
3864:
3854:
3844:
3834:
3831:Gödel's Proof.
3820:
3810:
3787:
3780:Stephen Kleene
3777:
3765:
3753:
3747:
3732:
3722:
3709:
3672:
3666:
3653:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3613:
3608:
3590:
3584:
3566:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3503:
3485:
3467:
3441:
3415:
3396:
3377:
3365:
3353:
3338:
3304:
3243:
3231:
3215:
3205:
3181:
3151:
3144:
3126:
3085:
3071:
3031:
3006:
2981:
2974:
2954:
2934:
2892:
2871:
2846:
2836:
2829:Goldstein 2005
2821:
2803:
2762:
2736:
2715:
2668:(12): 556–57.
2648:
2634:
2625:
2617:
2599:
2584:
2567:
2549:
2537:
2530:
2510:
2483:
2462:
2446:
2439:
2407:
2398:
2379:(2): 166–192.
2375:. Series III.
2363:
2345:
2328:
2301:
2272:
2252:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2173:
2153:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2016:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1982:
1971:
1960:
1949:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1915:
1904:
1883:
1864:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1817:
1814:
1801:
1794:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1749:
1735:
1734:
1724:
1708:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1681:James Urbaniak
1606:New York Times
1557:
1554:
1508:
1505:
1485:Moritz Schlick
1468:
1465:
1455:in 1961 and a
1436:
1433:
1417:Edmund Husserl
1366:Phillip Forman
1275:
1272:
1192:Stephen Kleene
1154:Johann Nelböck
1150:Moritz Schlick
1129:
1126:
1072:
1071:
1060:
983:
976:
973:
963:
960:
896:which studied
894:Moritz Schlick
878:Moritz Schlick
822:
819:
737:Czechoslovakia
715:Czech Republic
702:
699:
697:
694:
653:(for example,
514:
513:
505:
504:
500:
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
489:
488:
483:
476:
470:
468:
466:Main interests
465:
462:
461:
456:
450:
449:
444:
440:
439:
434:
430:
429:
426:
425:
418:
417:
414:
413:
408:
402:
401:
390:
384:
383:
378:
374:
373:
360:
356:
355:
349:
348:
346:
345:
339:
333:
326:
324:
320:
319:
308:
304:
303:
301:
297:
296:
294:
293:
288:
283:
278:
276:Diagonal lemma
273:
268:
263:
258:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
178:
173:
168:
157:
156:
155:
153:
152:Known for
149:
148:
138:
134:
133:
131:
130:
127:
124:
123:Czechoslovakia
121:
117:
115:
111:
110:
104:
102:(aged 71)
96:
92:
91:
81:
79:April 28, 1906
68:
66:
62:
61:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11468:
11457:
11456:Vienna Circle
11454:
11452:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11442:
11441:Set theorists
11439:
11437:
11434:
11432:
11429:
11427:
11424:
11422:
11419:
11417:
11414:
11412:
11409:
11407:
11404:
11402:
11399:
11397:
11394:
11392:
11389:
11387:
11384:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11374:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11322:
11319:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11288:
11286:
11270:
11266:
11263:
11262:Mother Teresa
11259:
11256:
11252:
11249:
11245:
11242:
11238:
11235:
11231:
11228:
11224:
11221:
11217:
11214:
11210:
11207:
11203:
11200:
11196:
11193:
11189:
11186:
11182:
11179:
11175:
11171:
11168:
11164:
11161:
11157:
11154:
11150:
11147:
11143:
11140:
11136:
11133:
11129:
11128:
11126:
11122:
11115:
11111:
11108:
11104:
11101:
11097:
11096:Francis Crick
11093:
11090:
11086:
11083:
11079:
11076:
11072:
11069:
11065:
11062:
11061:Leakey family
11058:
11055:
11051:
11048:
11044:
11041:
11037:
11034:
11030:
11027:
11026:Sigmund Freud
11023:
11020:
11016:
11013:
11009:
11006:
11002:
10999:
10995:
10992:
10991:Rachel Carson
10988:
10985:
10981:
10978:
10977:Leo Baekeland
10974:
10973:
10971:
10967:
10960:
10956:
10953:
10949:
10946:
10942:
10939:
10938:David Sarnoff
10935:
10932:
10928:
10925:
10921:
10918:
10914:
10911:
10907:
10904:
10900:
10897:
10896:Lucky Luciano
10893:
10890:
10886:
10883:
10879:
10876:
10872:
10869:
10865:
10862:
10858:
10855:
10851:
10848:
10844:
10841:
10837:
10834:
10830:
10827:
10823:
10822:
10820:
10816:
10809:
10808:Oprah Winfrey
10805:
10802:
10798:
10795:
10791:
10788:
10787:Frank Sinatra
10784:
10781:
10777:
10774:
10770:
10767:
10766:Pablo Picasso
10763:
10760:
10756:
10753:
10749:
10746:
10745:Martha Graham
10742:
10739:
10735:
10732:
10728:
10725:
10721:
10718:
10714:
10711:
10707:
10704:
10700:
10697:
10696:Marlon Brando
10693:
10690:
10686:
10683:
10679:
10676:
10672:
10671:
10669:
10665:
10658:
10654:
10651:
10647:
10644:
10640:
10637:
10633:
10630:
10626:
10623:
10619:
10616:
10612:
10609:
10608:Ronald Reagan
10605:
10602:
10598:
10595:
10591:
10588:
10584:
10581:
10577:
10574:
10570:
10567:
10563:
10560:
10556:
10553:
10549:
10546:
10542:
10539:
10535:
10532:
10528:
10525:
10521:
10520:
10518:
10514:
10510:
10508:
10500:
10495:
10493:
10488:
10486:
10481:
10480:
10477:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10446:
10445:Henri Bergson
10443:
10442:
10440:
10438:
10434:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10378:Alonzo Church
10376:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10363:Gottlob Frege
10361:
10359:
10357:
10353:
10350:
10346:
10340:
10339:Aleksei Losev
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10314:Thomas Taylor
10312:
10311:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10286:
10282:
10276:
10275:Blaise Pascal
10273:
10271:
10268:
10267:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10239:
10237:
10235:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10222:
10219:
10215:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10163:Peter Abelard
10161:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10146:
10145:
10143:
10139:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10074:Asclepiodotus
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10021:
10019:
10015:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9902:
9899:
9898:
9897:
9894:
9893:
9891:
9889:
9888:Neoplatonists
9885:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9808:Justin Martyr
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9785:
9783:
9781:
9777:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9719:
9717:
9713:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9679:
9677:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9664:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9551:
9549:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9536:
9533:
9529:
9525:
9518:
9513:
9511:
9506:
9504:
9499:
9498:
9495:
9483:
9475:
9473:
9465:
9464:
9461:
9451:
9450:Alfred Tarski
9448:
9446:
9443:
9442:
9440:
9436:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9419:Peter Galison
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9406:
9404:
9402:
9398:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9378:
9376:
9372:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9352:
9350:
9346:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9326:
9324:
9322:
9318:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9306:Nathan Salmon
9304:
9302:
9301:Richard Rorty
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9271:Alonzo Church
9269:
9268:
9266:
9262:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9242:
9240:
9238:
9234:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9207:Ruth Millikan
9205:
9203:
9202:John McDowell
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9183:
9180:
9179:
9177:
9175:
9171:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9156:
9154:
9150:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9133:Hilary Putnam
9131:
9129:
9128:Robert Nozick
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9089:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9058:Rudolf Carnap
9056:
9055:
9053:
9051:
9050:Vienna Circle
9047:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9032:
9030:
9028:
9027:Berlin Circle
9024:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9009:
9007:
9005:
9001:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8934:Philippa Foot
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8911:
8909:
8907:
8903:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8881:Graham Priest
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8861:Charlie Broad
8859:
8857:
8854:
8853:
8851:
8847:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8817:
8815:
8813:
8809:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8772:Gottlob Frege
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8759:
8757:
8753:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8714:
8712:
8710:
8706:
8700:
8699:Supervenience
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8674:
8670:
8667:
8666:
8664:
8660:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8598:Functionalism
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8583:Descriptivism
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8570:
8568:
8564:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8548:Philosophical
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8538:Non-classical
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8520:
8518:
8514:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8494:
8492:
8488:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8458:
8456:
8452:
8449:
8445:
8441:
8434:
8429:
8427:
8422:
8420:
8415:
8414:
8411:
8391:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8347:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8322:James E. Gunn
8320:
8318:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8254:Edward Witten
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8203:
8202:
8200:
8196:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8072:Roger Revelle
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8045:
8039:
8038:Henry Stommel
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8028:Eugene Parker
8026:
8024:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7888:Edward Teller
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7873:
7872:
7870:
7866:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7854:Lyman Spitzer
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7773:Hans A. Bethe
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7717:Maurice Ewing
7715:
7713:
7712:Carl Djerassi
7710:
7707:
7705:
7704:Saul Winstein
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7672:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7652:Eugene Wigner
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7637:Paul Bartlett
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7624:Louis Hammett
7622:
7620:
7619:Gregory Breit
7617:
7615:
7614:Francis Birch
7612:
7610:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7573:William Rubey
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7509:
7505:
7491:
7490:Michael Artin
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7446:
7445:
7443:
7439:
7433:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7403:Bradley Efron
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7341:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7329:Felix Browder
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7305:Stephen Smale
7303:
7301:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7252:John McCarthy
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7237:
7236:
7234:
7230:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7213:Samuel Karlin
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
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7135:
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7119:
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7101:
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7062:
7056:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7023:Oscar Zariski
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6990:
6986:
6979:
6975:
6961:
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6899:
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6894:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6841:
6835:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6797:Ray W. Clough
6795:
6792:
6790:
6789:Alfred Y. Cho
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
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6740:
6739:
6737:
6733:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6659:John G. Trump
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6624:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6505:
6499:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6472:Edwin H. Land
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6420:Vannevar Bush
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6389:
6385:
6371:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6336:Allen J. Bard
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6311:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6291:JoAnne Stubbe
6289:
6287:
6286:Joanna Fowler
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6203:
6197:
6196:Susan Solomon
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6057:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6040:Melvin Calvin
6038:
6036:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5981:Yuan Tseh Lee
5979:
5977:
5976:Harry B. Gray
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5950:Gilbert Stork
5948:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5903:
5899:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5858:Bruce Alberts
5856:
5854:
5853:May Berenbaum
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5759:Lubert Stryer
5757:
5755:
5754:Nina Fedoroff
5752:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5736:Anthony Fauci
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5679:Harold Varmus
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5619:
5613:
5612:Lynn Margulis
5610:
5608:
5607:Jared Diamond
5605:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5547:Thomas Eisner
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5521:Maxine Singer
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5503:Paul A. Marks
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5433:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5312:Stanley Cohen
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5251:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5201:Efraim Racker
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5155:James V. Neel
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5067:Horace Barker
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5036:Sewall Wright
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4959:
4955:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4924:Anne Treisman
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4881:Kenneth Arrow
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4853:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4745:Anne Anastasi
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4677:
4672:
4670:
4665:
4663:
4658:
4657:
4654:
4642:
4641:Ernst Zermelo
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4626:Willard Quine
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4578:Set theorists
4575:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4524:Kripke–Platek
4522:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4161:
4160:specification
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4055:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4024:
4019:
4017:
4012:
4010:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3880:Basic Books.
3879:
3877:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3827:Newman, James
3824:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3799:0-7204-2103-9
3796:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3659:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3634:
3632:0-262-23189-1
3628:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3609:0-262-73087-1
3605:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3514:
3507:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3393:1-56881-256-6
3390:
3386:
3381:
3374:
3369:
3363:, p. 51.
3362:
3357:
3350:
3348:
3341:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3297:
3293:
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3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3240:
3235:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3185:
3169:
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3155:
3147:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3081:
3075:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3035:
3020:
3016:
3010:
2999:September 17,
2995:
2991:
2985:
2977:
2971:
2967:
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2949:
2944:
2938:
2929:
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2799:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2730:. p. 4.
2726:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
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2629:
2620:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2562:Gödel's Proof
2559:
2558:Nagel, Ernest
2553:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2499:(4): 382–94.
2498:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2459:
2457:
2450:
2442:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2421:Sigmund, Karl
2417:
2416:Hermann Broch
2411:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2341:
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2316:
2312:
2305:
2297:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2273:0-19-503964-5
2269:
2265:
2264:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2101:
2100:Gödel machine
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
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2053:
2051:
2048:
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2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2017:
2014:
2003:
1991:
1990:9783111081144
1987:
1983:
1980:
1979:9783110772944
1976:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1920:
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1913:
1909:
1905:
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1898:
1895:/ Paperback:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:/ Paperback:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:/ Paperback:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1818:
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1799:
1795:
1792:
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1784:
1783:
1782:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1764:Hilary Putnam
1761:
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1754:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1738:
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1725:
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1699:
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1684:
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1678:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:Gödel Lecture
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1594:
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1473:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1413:Immanuel Kant
1410:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1363:
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1333:
1328:
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1295:
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1291:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:(AC) and the
1242:
1238:
1235:, a model of
1234:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
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1157:
1155:
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1142:
1141:
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1125:
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1119:
1115:
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1104:
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1097:
1091:
1089:
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1080:
1079:
1069:
1065:
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1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
988:
982:
968:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
940:
938:
934:
933:
927:
922:
918:
914:
913:David Hilbert
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:number theory
887:
886:Rudolf Carnap
883:
879:
875:
874:Vienna Circle
870:
869:
863:
859:
855:
851:
843:
837:
832:
827:
818:
816:
815:Immanuel Kant
812:
808:
804:
800:
794:
788:
782:
780:
775:
769:
767:
763:
760:
755:
754:
753:Sudetenländer
742:
738:
733:
730:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
645:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:David Hilbert
599:
595:
591:
590:Gottlob Frege
587:
583:
579:
578:mathematician
575:
568:
562:
554:
553:
544:
520:
511:
506:
501:
497:
493:
487:
484:
481:
477:
475:
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471:
469:
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460:
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451:
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438:
435:
431:
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412:
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403:
396:
395:
391:
389:
385:
382:
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375:
372:
368:
364:
361:
357:
354:
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343:
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334:
331:
328:
327:
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321:
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292:
289:
287:
284:
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279:
277:
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269:
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264:
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247:
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182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
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164:
163:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:
135:
129:United States
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
116:
112:
107:
97:
93:
88:
84:
67:
63:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
11185:Helen Keller
11160:Billy Graham
11132:Muhammad Ali
11100:James Watson
11047:Edwin Hubble
11039:
11012:Enrico Fermi
10931:Pete Rozelle
10882:Estée Lauder
10780:Bart Simpson
10717:Le Corbusier
10682:Lucille Ball
10552:Adolf Hitler
10506:
10398:David Kaplan
10372:
10348:Contemporary
10329:Josiah Royce
10114:Olympiodorus
10029:Asclepigenia
9948:Chrysanthius
9339:Cora Diamond
9280:
9255:Morton White
9123:Thomas Nagel
9068:Otto Neurath
9017:Ernest Nagel
8964:Gilbert Ryle
8959:Derek Parfit
8919:J. L. Austin
8866:Casimir Lewy
8835:Peter Singer
8830:J. L. Mackie
8802:Barry Stroud
8762:Noam Chomsky
8755:Philosophers
8689:Natural kind
8573:Anti-realism
8533:Mathematical
8507:Performative
8466:Epistemology
8364:Sandra Faber
8359:Sidney Drell
8189:Leo Kadanoff
8184:James Cronin
8132:Hans Dehmelt
8067:Robert Pound
8033:Robert Sharp
7849:John Sinfelt
7816:Verner Suomi
7783:Lewis Sarett
7647:Lars Onsager
7591:Henry Eyring
7558:John Bardeen
7300:Richard Karp
7268:Allen Newell
7089:
7047:Jerzy Neyman
6672:Tung-Yen Lin
6649:Bill Hewlett
6579:Morris Cohen
6173:John W. Cahn
6074:Karl Folkers
5835:Lucy Shapiro
5785:Elaine Fuchs
5664:Ann Graybiel
5594:Janet Rowley
5576:James Watson
5568:Ruth Patrick
5411:Philip Leder
5281:Mildred Cohn
5229:Severo Ochoa
5206:E. O. Wilson
4610:
4591:Georg Cantor
4586:Paul Bernays
4517:Morse–Kelley
4492:
4425:
4424:Subset
4371:hereditarily
4333:Venn diagram
4291:ordered pair
4206:Intersection
4150:Axiom schema
3964:(transcript)
3950:Time Bandits
3940:
3933:"Kurt Gödel"
3923:ScienceWorld
3921:
3895:
3889:
3874:
3867:
3850:
3840:
3830:
3823:Ernest Nagel
3816:
3790:
3783:
3771:
3764:. Wadsworth.
3759:
3737:
3728:
3716:
3683:(6): 76–81,
3680:
3676:
3657:
3649:
3621:
3598:
3574:
3559:
3524:
3520:
3506:
3497:
3488:
3479:
3470:
3458:. Retrieved
3453:
3444:
3432:. Retrieved
3427:
3418:
3399:
3385:A. K. Peters
3380:
3368:
3356:
3346:
3343:
3321:
3307:
3246:
3234:
3218:
3210:
3191:
3184:
3172:. Retrieved
3167:
3154:
3135:
3129:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3074:
3062:. Retrieved
3055:the original
3050:
3047:
3034:
3022:. Retrieved
3018:
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2993:
2984:
2964:
2957:
2946:
2937:
2910:
2905:
2895:
2883:. Retrieved
2874:
2862:. Retrieved
2849:
2844:speculation.
2839:
2824:
2815:
2812:"Kurt Gödel"
2806:
2779:
2775:
2765:
2756:
2752:
2739:
2731:
2718:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2641:
2637:
2628:
2608:
2602:
2593:
2587:
2577:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2540:
2524:. Springer.
2520:
2513:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2477:
2454:
2449:
2429:
2410:
2401:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2338:
2331:
2319:. Retrieved
2314:
2311:"Kurt Godel"
2304:
2262:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2193:
2184:
2165:
2156:
2131:
2125:
2085:Strange loop
1930:
1835:
1822:
1807:
1797:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1755:
1742:
1737:In English:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1687:Bibliography
1674:
1664:
1662:
1623:
1618:
1617:documentary
1611:David Malone
1605:
1600:
1592:
1573:M. C. Escher
1559:
1544:rather than
1540:, following
1531:
1529:
1525:
1513:formal proof
1510:
1478:
1443:) the first
1438:
1406:
1398:Gödel metric
1379:
1375:
1351:
1338:Arbeitshefte
1324:
1316:
1313:
1296:
1290:Privatdozent
1284:Nazi Germany
1277:
1265:
1228:
1226:
1208:
1196:
1187:
1177:
1158:
1146:Adolf Hitler
1140:Privatdozent
1134:habilitation
1131:
1105:
1092:
1073:
1037:Peano axioms
1007:
992:
981:achievement.
979:
944:dissertation
941:
930:
910:
901:
847:
811:Isaac Newton
783:
770:
766:World War II
734:
704:
678:proof theory
663:
641:ω-consistent
626:
622:Georg Cantor
518:
517:
422:
392:
377:Institutions
352:
181:Gödel metric
100:(1978-01-14)
36:
11406:Ontologists
11296:1978 deaths
11291:1906 births
11213:Harvey Milk
11167:Che Guevara
11089:Alan Turing
11068:Jean Piaget
10945:Juan Trippe
10917:Akio Morita
10847:Walt Disney
10833:Leo Burnett
10759:James Joyce
10731:T. S. Eliot
10703:Coco Chanel
10689:The Beatles
10657:Lech Wałęsa
10559:Ho Chi Minh
10460:Leo Strauss
10437:Continental
10403:Saul Kripke
10368:G. E. Moore
10302:Anne Conway
10225:Renaissance
10188:Bonaventure
9737:Clitomachus
9574:Aristonymus
9438:Lwow-Warsaw
9424:Ian Hacking
9391:Karl Popper
9386:Thomas Kuhn
9334:Alice Crary
9296:Saul Kripke
9291:Jaegwon Kim
9286:David Lewis
9276:Jerry Fodor
9245:Susan Haack
9159:Robert Audi
8969:John Searle
8939:Peter Geach
8929:Antony Flew
8876:G. E. Moore
8797:Ernest Sosa
8727:Possibility
8476:Mathematics
8461:Metaphysics
8317:Berni Alder
8124:Frank Press
8005:Walter Kohn
7982:George Pake
7916:Walter Munk
7839:Herman Mark
7821:Henry Taube
7609:Jesse Beams
7563:Peter Debye
7545:Harold Urey
7469:Barry Mazur
7031:John Milnor
6925:Amnon Yariv
6869:Leo Beranek
6695:Ernst Weber
6548:Abel Wolman
6139:Thomas Cech
6069:Elkan Blout
6009:Max Tishler
5926:Roger Adams
5884:Simon Levin
5350:Harry Eagle
5173:Paul Gyorgy
4865:Gary Becker
4616:Thomas Jech
4459:Alternative
4438:Uncountable
4392:Ultrafilter
4251:Cardinality
4155:replacement
4103:Determinacy
3498:www.bbaw.de
3480:www.bbaw.de
3264:Dawson 1997
3174:November 1,
3064:December 4,
3024:January 28,
2994:www.nsf.gov
2885:December 1,
2545:Dawson 1997
2134:: 148–224.
2122:Kreisel, G.
2050:Gödel Prize
1696:In German:
1676:Oppenheimer
1646:Gödel Prize
1589:John Dawson
1585:human brain
1538:pantheistic
1394:time travel
1370:Nazi regime
1214: [
1209:He married
1202:and of the
1035:(e.g., the
834: [
690:modal logic
604:were using
582:philosopher
363:Mathematics
191:Gödel logic
114:Citizenship
18:Kurt Goedel
11421:Platonists
11285:Categories
11234:Rosa Parks
11153:Anne Frank
11075:Jonas Salk
11040:Kurt Gödel
10952:Sam Walton
10861:Bill Gates
10854:Henry Ford
10752:Jim Henson
10601:Mao Zedong
10373:Kurt Gödel
10297:Henry More
10099:Simplicius
9918:Iamblichus
9682:Arcesilaus
9642:Xenocrates
9622:Speusippus
9598:Heraclides
9524:Platonists
9414:John Dupré
9281:Kurt Gödel
9237:Pragmatism
9152:Notre Dame
9143:John Rawls
9012:A. J. Ayer
8949:R. M. Hare
8944:Paul Grice
8856:Arif Ahmed
8643:Sense data
8628:Pragmatism
8502:Linguistic
8111:Vera Rubin
7750:Paul Flory
7411:Hyman Bass
7284:John Cocke
7187:Raoul Bott
7090:Kurt Gödel
7082:John Tukey
7039:Paul Cohen
6654:George Low
6617:Simon Ramo
5840:Leroy Hood
5641:Carl Woese
5589:Bruce Ames
5100:Ernst Mayr
4611:Kurt Gödel
4596:Paul Cohen
4433:Transitive
4201:Identities
4185:Complement
4172:Operations
4133:Regularity
4071:Adjunction
4030:Set theory
3985:Kurt Gödel
3981:(archived)
3900:pp. 861–68
3829:R., 1958.
3813:J.R. Lucas
3776:. Vintage.
3551:References
3527:: 173–98.
3460:October 6,
3254:, p.
3225:, p.
2831:, p.
1671:Lou Jacobi
1587:. In 2005
1278:After the
1257:Paul Cohen
1237:set theory
1088:relatively
1026:computable
999:Königsberg
997:, held in
950:regarding
923:published
860:. He read
774:Herr Warum
610:set theory
75:1906-04-28
43:Kurt Gödel
11199:Bruce Lee
10724:Bob Dylan
10285:Cambridge
10153:Al-Farabi
10094:Damascius
10084:Zenodotus
10034:Hierocles
10003:Macrobius
9998:Augustine
9983:Antoninus
9933:Sosipatra
9878:Calcidius
9788:Antiochus
9742:Charmadas
9722:Carneades
9706:Hegesinus
9559:Aristotle
9539:Academics
9264:Princeton
9063:Hans Hahn
8849:Cambridge
8722:Necessity
8717:Actualism
8588:Emotivism
8553:Predicate
8523:Classical
8106:Val Fitch
7174:Peter Lax
6944:Shu Chien
6191:John Ross
5906:Chemistry
5294:Paul Berg
4686:laureates
4544:Paradoxes
4464:Axiomatic
4443:Universal
4419:Singleton
4414:Recursive
4357:Countable
4352:Amorphous
4211:Power set
4128:Power set
4086:dependent
4081:countable
3617:Wang, Hao
3594:Wang, Hao
3541:197663120
3373:Wang 1996
3361:Wang 1996
3300:Wang 1996
3296:Wang 1987
3292:Wang 1996
3288:Wang 1987
3284:Wang 1996
3280:Wang 1987
3276:Wang 1996
3272:Wang 1987
3268:Wang 1987
3260:Wang 1996
3252:Wang 1987
3239:Wang 1996
3223:Wang 1996
2864:April 16,
2692:0027-8424
2290:cite book
2196:edition).
2148:120119270
1723:: 173–98.
1707:: 349–60.
1519:known as
1493:inanition
1299:Princeton
1280:Anschluss
1186:, titled
1182:(IAS) in
882:Hans Hahn
701:Childhood
644:recursive
586:Aristotle
503:Signature
411:Hans Hahn
10875:Ray Kroc
10356:Analytic
10141:Medieval
10104:Priscian
10039:Syrianus
10008:Boethius
9963:Salutius
9943:Dexippus
9938:Aedesius
9913:Porphyry
9901:Students
9896:Plotinus
9858:Longinus
9833:Apuleius
9823:Alcinous
9803:Plutarch
9697:Telecles
9667:Skeptics
9579:Coriscus
9472:Category
9348:Reformed
9321:Quietism
8709:Modality
8669:Analysis
8662:Concepts
8633:Quietism
8593:Feminism
8566:Theories
8471:Language
8085:Ed Stone
5082:Jay Lush
4548:Problems
4452:Theories
4428:Superset
4404:Infinite
4233:Concepts
4113:Infinity
4037:Overview
3859:, 1983.
3849:, 1992.
3839:, 1987.
3837:Ed Regis
3815:, 1970.
3782:, 1967.
3770:, 1980.
3761:On Gödel
3758:, 2000.
3727:, 2000.
3715:(2005),
3705:10048234
3648:, 2021.
3619:(1996),
3596:(1987),
3572:(2005),
2798:38438543
2710:16577857
2560:(2001).
2282:12371326
1999:See also
1827:596–616.
1806:, 1967.
1733:: 65–66.
1656:Nachlass
1613:'s 2008
1603:, was a
1533:theistic
1515:for the
1347:Hao Wang
984:—
900:'s book
746:Klepetař
668:nor the
574:logician
336:ForMemRS
11269:Bill W.
10242:Plethon
10178:Thierry
10173:Gilbert
10168:Bernard
10089:Agapius
10064:Isidore
10059:Marinus
10054:Proclus
10049:Aedesia
10044:Hermias
10017:Academy
9988:Hypatia
9923:Sopater
9908:Amelius
9838:Atticus
9818:Albinus
9701:Evander
9692:Lacydes
9652:Polemon
9647:Crantor
9564:Eudoxus
9531:Ancient
9374:Science
9091:Harvard
8737:Realism
8613:Marxism
8528:Deviant
8497:Aretaic
8481:Science
4486:General
4481:Zermelo
4387:subbase
4369: (
4308:Forcing
4286:Element
4258: (
4236:Methods
4123:Pairing
3939:(ed.).
3916:(ed.).
3685:Bibcode
3434:July 5,
3347:Nachlaß
3107:Bibcode
2915:Bibcode
2701:1077160
2670:Bibcode
2393:2669137
2321:June 3,
2162:"Gödel"
1546:Spinoza
1542:Leibniz
1332:Heft 15
917:Bologna
759:Germany
557:German:
371:physics
317:
309:
147:, 1930)
126:Germany
120:Austria
11176:&
11098:&
10217:Modern
10158:Anselm
10079:Hegias
9958:Julian
9868:Origen
9757:Cicero
9675:Middle
8906:Oxford
4377:Filter
4367:Finite
4303:Family
4246:Almost
4091:global
4076:Choice
4063:Axioms
3884:
3805:
3797:
3745:
3703:
3664:
3629:
3606:
3582:
3539:
3410:
3391:
3336:
3203:
3142:
3099:Nature
2972:
2796:
2776:Nature
2708:
2698:
2690:
2615:
2528:
2437:
2391:
2280:
2270:
2146:
1988:
1977:
1966:
1955:
1944:
1921:
1910:
1899:
1891:
1878:
1870:
1859:
1851:
1819:1931.
1751:1947.
1741:1940.
1632:. The
1556:Legacy
1536:, not
1068:system
1064:axioms
1049:system
962:Career
884:, and
842:Vienna
799:Vienna
688:, and
620:, and
600:, and
580:, and
454:School
443:Region
399:(1929)
397:
388:Thesis
359:Fields
344:(1974)
338:(1968)
332:(1951)
323:Awards
300:Spouse
159:
108:, U.S.
55:Gödel
9813:Gaius
9554:Plato
9482:Index
8516:Logic
8490:Turns
8349:2010s
8198:2000s
8047:1990s
7868:1980s
7674:1970s
7522:1960s
7441:2010s
7343:2000s
7232:1990s
7143:1980s
7064:1970s
6992:1960s
6934:2010s
6843:2000s
6735:1990s
6626:1980s
6507:1970s
6402:1960s
6313:2010s
6205:2000s
6059:1990s
5935:1980s
5916:1960s
5812:2010s
5621:2000s
5435:1990s
5253:1980s
5109:1970s
4972:1960s
4914:2010s
4855:2000s
4767:1990s
4727:1980s
4708:1960s
4469:Naive
4399:Fuzzy
4362:Empty
4345:types
4296:tuple
4266:Class
4260:large
4221:Union
4138:Union
3935:. In
3898:(7),
3537:S2CID
3517:(PDF)
3316:. In
3058:(PDF)
3044:(PDF)
2859:(PDF)
2749:(PDF)
2728:(PDF)
2144:S2CID
2106:Notes
1550:Islam
1384:, to
1261:model
1222:]
876:with
838:]
709:(now
606:logic
311:(
307:
254:with
83:Brünn
11241:Pelé
10507:Time
9699:and
9600:and
9581:and
8386:2014
8373:2012
8355:2011
8326:2009
8313:2008
8300:2007
8292:2006
8279:2005
8271:2004
8258:2003
8240:2002
8222:2001
8204:2000
8180:1999
8167:1998
8149:1997
8141:1996
8128:1995
8115:1994
8102:1993
8094:1992
8076:1991
8053:1990
8019:1989
7991:1988
7963:1987
7935:1986
7897:1983
7874:1982
7830:1979
7797:1976
7769:1975
7741:1974
7708:1973
7680:1970
7656:1969
7633:1968
7605:1967
7577:1966
7554:1965
7536:1964
7528:1963
7486:2013
7473:2012
7460:2011
7447:2010
7428:2009
7415:2007
7407:2006
7399:2005
7391:2004
7383:2003
7375:2002
7362:2001
7349:2000
7325:1999
7317:1998
7309:1997
7296:1996
7288:1995
7280:1994
7272:1993
7264:1992
7256:1991
7238:1990
7209:1989
7196:1988
7183:1987
7170:1986
7157:1983
7149:1982
7125:1979
7112:1976
7094:1975
7086:1974
7078:1973
7070:1970
7051:1969
7043:1968
7035:1967
7027:1966
7019:1965
7006:1964
6998:1963
6956:2012
6948:2011
6940:2010
6921:2009
6913:2008
6905:2007
6897:2006
6889:2005
6881:2004
6873:2003
6865:2002
6857:2001
6849:2000
6830:1999
6822:1998
6809:1996
6801:1995
6793:1994
6785:1993
6772:1992
6754:1991
6741:1990
6717:1989
6699:1988
6681:1987
6663:1986
6645:1983
6632:1982
6593:1979
6575:1976
6552:1975
6534:1974
6521:1973
6513:1970
6494:1969
6481:1968
6468:1967
6460:1966
6442:1965
6429:1964
6416:1963
6408:1962
6366:2014
6358:2013
6345:2012
6332:2011
6319:2010
6295:2009
6282:2008
6274:2007
6261:2006
6253:2005
6245:2004
6237:2002
6224:2001
6211:2000
6182:1999
6169:1998
6156:1997
6148:1996
6135:1995
6127:1994
6114:1993
6106:1992
6083:1991
6065:1990
6031:1989
6013:1988
5995:1987
5972:1986
5954:1983
5941:1982
5922:1964
5870:2014
5862:2013
5849:2012
5831:2011
5818:2010
5794:2009
5776:2008
5763:2007
5745:2006
5732:2005
5714:2004
5696:2003
5683:2002
5645:2001
5627:2000
5598:1999
5585:1998
5572:1997
5564:1996
5556:1995
5543:1994
5530:1993
5517:1992
5474:1991
5441:1990
5397:1989
5364:1988
5336:1987
5308:1986
5285:1983
5267:1982
5259:1981
5210:1979
5187:1976
5164:1975
5141:1974
5128:1973
5115:1970
5091:1969
5063:1968
5040:1967
5017:1966
4999:1965
4986:1964
4978:1963
4936:2015
4928:2014
4920:2011
4901:2009
4893:2008
4885:2005
4877:2004
4869:2003
4861:2000
4842:1999
4834:1998
4826:1997
4818:1996
4810:1995
4802:1994
4794:1992
4786:1991
4773:1990
4754:1988
4741:1987
4733:1986
4714:1964
4382:base
3990:page
3882:ISBN
3825:and
3803:ISBN
3795:ISBN
3743:ISBN
3701:PMID
3662:ISBN
3627:ISBN
3604:ISBN
3580:ISBN
3462:2009
3436:2022
3408:ISBN
3389:ISBN
3334:ISBN
3274:and
3201:ISBN
3176:2020
3168:Plus
3140:ISBN
3066:2017
3026:2021
3001:2016
2970:ISBN
2887:2015
2866:2019
2794:PMID
2706:PMID
2688:ISSN
2613:ISBN
2526:ISBN
2435:ISBN
2323:2019
2296:link
2278:OCLC
2268:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1975:ISBN
1964:ISBN
1953:ISBN
1942:ISBN
1919:ISBN
1908:ISBN
1897:ISBN
1889:ISBN
1876:ISBN
1868:ISBN
1857:ISBN
1849:ISBN
1762:and
1666:I.Q.
1624:The
1575:and
1415:and
1120:(or
1082:and
862:Kant
711:Brno
608:and
588:and
552:-dəl
95:Died
65:Born
59:1926
9715:New
9547:Old
4343:Set
3693:doi
3681:280
3529:doi
3454:BBC
3326:doi
3197:118
3115:doi
3103:435
3049:In:
2923:doi
2784:doi
2780:627
2696:PMC
2678:doi
2501:doi
2381:doi
2136:doi
1615:BBC
1461:ICM
1423:'s
1404:).
1388:in
1220:ast
1216:es
1124:).
1051:is
1039:or
915:in
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550:GUR
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433:Era
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