4522:
and officials who treated them and the pilgrims as "ignorant co-religionists" and who aggressively tried to convert the Hindu pilgrims to a
Christian sect. During the 1857 rebellion, Colonel Neill targeted the Kumbh mela site and shelled the region where the Prayagwals lived, destroying it in what Maclean describes as a "notoriously brutal pacification of Allahabad". "Prayagwals targeted and destroyed the mission press and churches in Allahabad". Once the British had regained control of the region, the Prayagwals were persecuted by the colonial officials, some convicted and hanged, while others for whom the government did not have proof enough to convict were persecuted. Large tracts of Kumbh mela lands near the Ganga-Yamuna confluence were confiscated and annexed into the government cantonment. In the years after 1857, the Prayagwals and the Kumbh Mela pilgrim crowds carried flags with images alluding to the rebellion and the racial persecution. The British media reported these pilgrim assemblies and protests at the later Kumbh Mela as strangely "hostile" and with "disbelief", states Maclean.
3849:
5866:
Through their continual yogic practices the Sadhus articulate the transitory aspect of life. Sadhus travel to the Kumbh Mela to make themselves available to much of the Hindu public. This allows members of the Hindu public to interact with the Sadhus and to take "darshan". They are able to "seek instruction or advice in their spiritual lives." Darshan focuses on the visual exchange, where there is interaction with a religious deity and the worshiper is able to visually "drink" divine power. The Kumbh Mela is arranged in camps that give Hindu worshipers access to the Sadhus. The darshan is important to the experience of the Kumbh Mela and because of this worshipers must be careful so as to not displease religious deities. Seeing of the Sadhus is carefully managed and worshipers often leave tokens at their feet.
3824:
5710:(ashes). These monastic institutions come from different parts of India, have a particular emblem symbol and deity (Ganesha, Dattatreya, Hanuman, etc.). The largest contingent is the Juna akhara, traced to Adi Shankara, representing a diverse mix from the four of the largest Hindu monasteries in India with their headquarters at Sringeri, Dvarka, Jyotirmatha and Govardhana. The Mahanirbani and Niranjani are the other large contingents, and each akhara has their own lineage of saints and teachers. Large crowds gather in reverence and cheer for this procession of monks. Once these monks have taken the dip, the festival day opens for bathing by the pilgrims from far and near the site.
4000:
Buddha statue, involved alms giving and it might have been a
Buddhist festival. In contrast, Ariel Glucklich ā a scholar of Hinduism and Anthropology of Religion, the Xuanzang memoir includes, somewhat derisively, the reputation of Prayag as a place where people (Hindus) once committed superstitious devotional suicide to liberate their souls, and how a Brahmin of an earlier era successfully put an end to this practice. This and other details such as the names of temples and bathing pools suggest that Xuanzang presented Hindu practices at Prayag in the 7th century, from his Buddhist perspective and perhaps to "amuse his audience back in China", states Glucklich.
4381:
4708:
4390:
3550:
4547:
4473:
4192:. However, the name Kumbh for these more ancient bathing pilgrimages probably dates to the mid-19th century. D. P. Dubey states that none of the ancient Hindu texts call the Prayag fair as a "Kumbh Mela". Kama Maclean states that the early British records do not mention the name "Kumbh Mela" or the 12-year cycle for the Prayag fair. The first British reference to the Kumbh Mela in Prayag occurs only in an 1868 report, which mentions the need for increased pilgrimage and sanitation controls at the "Coomb fair" to be held in January 1870. According to Maclean, the Prayagwal
31:
4481:
monitoring these developments after the Indian rebellion of 1857. The government deployed police to gain this intelligence at the grassroots level of Kumbh Mela. The
British officials in co-operation with the native police also made attempts to improve the infrastructure, movement of pilgrims to avoid a stampede, detect sickness, and the sanitary conditions at the Melas. Reports of cholera led the officials to cancel the pilgrimage, but the pilgrims went on "passive resistance" and stated they preferred to die rather than obey the official orders.
8857:
8820:
4173:
6251:, Quote: "The special power of the Kumbha Mela is often said to be due in part to the presence of large numbers of Hindu monks, and many pilgrims seek the darsan (Skt., darsana; auspicious mutual sight) of these holy men. Others listen to religious discourses, participate in devotional singing, engage brahman priests for personal rituals, organise mass feedings of monks or the poor, or merely enjoy the spectacle. Amid this diversity of activities, the ritual bath at the conjunction of time and place is the central event of the Kumbha Mela."
4582:
5773:
4716:
4248:
3704:ā have been a subject of dispute in the 20th century. The Nashik and Ujjain festivals have been celebrated in the same year or one year apart, typically about 3 years after the Allahabad / Prayagraj Kumbh Mela. Elsewhere in many parts of India, similar but smaller community pilgrimage and bathing festivals are called the Magha Mela, Makar Mela or equivalent. For example, in Tamil Nadu, the Magha Mela with water-dip ritual is a festival of antiquity. This festival is held at the
5687:
9802:
4062:
5858:
5676:
4497:, Timur's armies plundered Haridwar and massacred the gathered pilgrims. The ruthlessly slaughtered pilgrims were likely those attending the Kumbh mela of 1399. The Timur accounts mention the mass bathing ritual along with shaving of head, the sacred river Ganges, charitable donations, the place was at the mountainous source of the river and that pilgrims believed a dip in the sacred river leads to their salvation.
3802:
3506:
9160:
9225:
4413:, prayers and community singing, spiritual discussions, education and a spectacle. During the colonial era rule of the East India Company, its officials saw the Hindu pilgrimage as a means to collect vast sums of revenue through a "pilgrim tax" and taxes on the trade that occurred during the festival. According to Dubey, as well as Macclean, the Islamic encyclopaedia
188:
4423:, described the Prayag festival and its sanctity to the Hindus. The British officials, states Dubey, raised the tax to amount greater than average monthly income and the attendance fell drastically. The Prayagwal pandas initially went along, according to colonial records, but later resisted as the impact of the religious tax on the pilgrims became clear. In 1938,
4073:ā a scholar of Hindu yoga manuscripts and monastic institutions, bathing festivals at Prayag with large gatherings of pilgrims are attested since "at least the middle of the first millennium CE", while textual evidence exists for similar pilgrimage at other major sacred rivers since the medieval period. Four of these morphed under the Kumbh Mela brand during the
5849:, Indian arts), laser light shows, classical dance and musical performances from different parts of India, thematic gates reflecting the historic regional architectural diversity, boat rides, tourist walks to historic sites near the river, as well opportunities to visit the monastic camps to watch yoga adepts and spiritual discourses.
3666:, as a part of his efforts to start major Hindu gatherings for philosophical discussions and debates along with Hindu monasteries across the Indian subcontinent. However, there is no historical literary evidence of these mass pilgrimages called "Kumbha Mela" prior to the 19th century. There is ample evidence in historical
4011:). These Sanskrit guide books of the medieval era India were updated over its editions, likely by priests and guides who had a mutual stake in the economic returns from the visiting pilgrims. One of the longest sections about Prayag rivers and its significance to Hindu pilgrimage is found in chapters 103ā112 of the
5644:
The Kumbh Mela attracts tens of millions of pilgrims. Providing for a safe and pleasant temporary stay at the festival site is a complex and challenging task. The camping (santhas/akharas), food, water, sanitation, emergency health care, fire services, policing, disaster management preparations, the
4730:
Numerous sites and fairs have been locally referred to be their Kumbh Melas. Of these, four sites are broadly recognised as the Kumbh Melas: Prayagraj, Haridwar, Trimbak-Nashik and Ujjain. Other locations that are sometimes called Kumbh melas ā with the bathing ritual and a significant participation
3999:
who has published articles on the Kumbh Mela predominantly based on the colonial archives and
English-language media, states based on emails from other scholars and a more recent interpretation of the 7th-century Xuanzang memoir, the Prayag event happened every 5 years (and not 12 years), featured a
5865:
Darshan, or viewing, is an important part of the Kumbh Mela. People make the pilgrimage to the Kumbh Mela specifically to observe and experience both the religious and secular aspects of the event. Two major groups that participate in the Kumbh Mela include the Sadhus (Hindu holy men) and pilgrims.
4573:
On 14 April 1998, 10 million pilgrims attended the Kumb Mela at
Haridwar on the busiest single day, according to the Himalayan Academy editors. In 2001, IKONOS satellite images confirmed a very large human gathering, with officials estimating 70 million people over the festival, including more than
4057:
fighting the
Islamic Sultanates and Mughal Empire era ā mention bathing pilgrimage and a large periodic assembly of Hindus at religious festivals associated with bathing, gift-giving, commerce and organisation. An early account of the Haridwar Kumbh Mela was published by Captain Thomas Hardwicke in
4521:
According to the colonial archives, the
Prayagwal community associated with the Kumbh Mela were one of those who seeded and perpetuated the resistance and 1857 rebellion to the colonial rule. Prayagwals objected to and campaigned against the colonial government who supported Christian missionaries
4480:
Prior to 1838, the
British officials collected taxes but provided no infrastructure or services to the pilgrims. This changed particularly after 1857. According to Amna Khalid, the Kumbh Melas emerged as one of the social and political mobilisation venues and the colonial government became keen on
4341:
The repetitive clashes, battle-ready nature of the warrior monks, and the lucrative tax and trading opportunities at Kumbh melas in the 18th-century attracted the attention of the East India
Company officials. They intervened, laid out the camps, trading spaces, and established a bathing order for
4656:
The Kumbh mela is "widely regarded as the world's largest religious gathering", states James
Lochtefeld. According to Kama Maclean, the coordinators and attendees themselves state that a part of the glory of the Kumbh festival is in that "feeling of brotherhood and love" where millions peacefully
4052:
According to James Lochtefeld ā a scholar of Indian religions, the phrase Kumbh Mela and historical data about it is missing in early Indian texts. However, states Lochtefeld, these historical texts "clearly reveal large, well-established bathing festivals" that were either annual or based on the
3723:
The Kumbh Melas have three dates around which the significant majority of pilgrims participate, while the festival itself lasts between one and three months around these dates. Each festival attracts millions, with the largest gathering at the Prayag Kumbh Mela and the second largest at Haridwar.
5657:
volunteers, monks and Indian companies, set up 11 sectors with 55 camp clusters, providing round-the-clock first aid, ambulance, pharmacy, sector cleaning, sanitation, food and water distribution (setting up 550 kilometres (340 mi) of pipelines operated by 42 pumps), cooking fuel, and other
4771:). The relative years vary between the four sites, but the cycle repeats about every 12 years. Since Jupiter's orbit completes in 11.86 years, a calendar year adjustment appears in approximately 8 cycles. Therefore, approximately once a century, the Kumbh mela returns to a site after 11 years.
4512:
The Prayag Kumbh mela in 1885 became a source of scandal when a Muslim named Husain was appointed as the Kumbh Mela manager, and Indian newspaper reports stated that Husain had "organised a flotilla of festooned boats for the pleasure of European ladies and gentlemen, and entertained them with
4460:
as well as Arabs and Persians. The festival had roadside merchants of food grains, confectioners, clothes, toys and other items. Thousands of pilgrims in every form of transport as well as on foot marched to the pilgrimage site, dressed in colourful costumes, some without clothes, occasionally
4565:
During World War II, the colonial government banned the Kumbh Mela to conserve scarce supplies of fuel. The ban, coupled with false rumours that Japan planned to bomb and commit genocide at the Kumbh mela site, led to sharply lower attendance at the 1942 Kumbh mela than prior decades when an
3844:
churning of the ocean) found in the Vedic texts. Historians, in contrast, reject these claims as none of the ancient or medieval era texts that mention the Samudra Manthana legend ever link it to a "mela" or festival. According to Giorgio Bonazzoli, a scholar of Sanskrit Puranas, these are
5649:
demands extensive onsite communication and co-ordination. In the case of Prayag in particular, the festival site is predominantly submerged during the monsoon months. The festival management workers have only two and a half months to start and complete the construction of all temporarily
3676:
in Hinduism ā with periodic larger gatherings after 6 or 12 years ā where pilgrims gathered in massive numbers and where one of the rituals included a sacred dip in a river or holy tank. According to Kama MacLean, the socio-political developments during the colonial era and a reaction to
4169:, and the phrase "Kumbh mela" is yet to be found in literature prior to the 19th century. The phrases such as "Maha Kumbh" and "Ardh Kumbh" in the context of the ancient religious pilgrimage festivals with a different name at Prayag, Nasik and Ujjain are evidently of a more modern era.
5658:
services. According to Baranwal et al., their 13-day field study of the 2013 Kumbh mela found that "the Mela committee and all other agencies involved in Mela management successfully supervised the event and made it convenient, efficient and safe," an assessment shared by the US-based
4508:
and road widening, to prevent further stampedes. The various Kumbh melas, in the 19th- and 20th-century witnessed sporadic stampedes, each tragedy leading to changes in how the flow of pilgrims to and from the river and ghats was managed. In 1986, 50 people were killed in a stampede.
4404:
The Kumbh melas of the past, albeit with different regional names, attracted large attendance and have been religiously significant to the Hindus for centuries. However, they have been more than a religious event to the Hindu community. Historically the Kumbh Melas were also major
3655:). The festival is marked by a ritual dip in the waters, but it is also a celebration of community commerce with numerous fairs, education, religious discourses by saints, mass gatherings of monks, and entertainment. The seekers believe that bathing in these rivers is a means to
4077:
rule (British colonial era) when it sought to control the war-prone monks and the lucrative tax and trade revenues at these Hindu pilgrimage festivals. Additionally, the priests sought the British administration to recognise the festival and protect their religious rights.
4525:
The Kumbh Mela continued to play an important role in the independence movement through 1947, as a place where the native people and politicians periodically gathered in large numbers. In 1906, the Sanatan Dharm Sabha met at the Prayag Kumbh Mela and resolved to start the
5764:, the king Yudhisthira is described to be in a state full of sorrow and despair after participating in the violence of the great war that killed many. He goes to a saint, who advises him to go on a pilgrimage to Prayag and bathe in river Ganges as a means of penance.
3991:
temples" and two Buddhist institutions. He also mentions the Hindu bathing rituals at the junction of the rivers. According to some scholars, this is the earliest surviving historical account of the Kumbh Mela, which took place in present-day Prayag in 644 CE.
3892:
spilling the pot. This "spilling" and associated Kumbh Mela story is not found in the earliest mentions of the original legend of Samudra Manthana (churning of the ocean) such as the Vedic era texts (pre-500 BCE). Nor is this story found in the later era
4427:
abolished the pilgrim tax and vast numbers returned to the pilgrimage thereafter. According to Macclean, the colonial records of this period on the Prayag Mela present a biased materialistic view given they were written by colonialists and missionaries.
3982:
There are other references to Prayaga and river-side festivals in ancient Indian texts, including at the places where present-day Kumbh Melas are held, but the exact age of the Kumbh Mela is uncertain. The 7th-century Buddhist Chinese traveller
4461:
shouting "Mahadeo Bol" and "Bol, Bol" together. At night the river banks and camps illuminated with oil lamps, fireworks burst over the river, and innumerable floating lamps set by the pilgrims drifted downstream of the river. Several Hindu
4207:
invited ascetics from Nashik to Ujjain for a local festival. Like the priests at Prayag, those at Nashik and Ujjain, competing with other places for a sacred status, may have adopted the Kumbh tradition for their pre-existing Magha melas.
4141:
also mentions an annual bathing pilgrimage festival in Prayag, but it does not call it Kumbh. Both these Mughal era texts use the term "Kumbh Mela" to describe only Haridwar's fair, mentioning a similar fair held in Prayag and Nashik. The
4431:
Baptist missionary John Chamberlain, who visited the 1824 Ardh Kumbh Mela at Haridwar, stated that a large number of visitors came there for trade. He also includes a 1814 letter from his missionary friend who distributed copies of the
3876:", of nectar in order to gain immortality. In a later day extension to the legend, the pot is spilled at four places, and that is the origin of the four Kumbha Melas. The story varies and is inconsistent, with some stating Vishnu as
6068:
Approximately once a century, the Kumbh Mela returns after 11 years. This is because of Jupiter's orbit of 11.86 years. With each 12-year cycle per the Georgian calendar, a calendar year adjustment appears in approximately 8
136:
5731:(homa) led by a priest. After these river-side rituals, the pilgrim then takes a dip in the water, stands up, prays for a short while, then exits the river waters. Many then proceed to visit old Hindu temples near the site.
4299:
competed for ritual primacy, priority rights to who bathes first or at the most auspicious time, and prominence leading to violent conflicts. The records from the East India Company rule era report of violence between the
3712:, attracts millions of South Indian Hindus and has been described as the Tamil Kumbh Mela. Other places where the Magha-Mela or Makar-Mela bathing pilgrimage and fairs have been called Kumbh Mela include Kurukshetra,
6701:
4007:, dated to the late 1st-millennium CE. These Purana-genre Hindu texts describe it as a place "bustling with pilgrims, priests, vendors, beggars, guides" and local citizens busy along the confluence of the rivers (
4115:
also records of an annual bathing festival at Prayag sangam where "various classes of Hindus came from all sides of the country to bathe, in such numbers, that the jungles and plains were unable to hold them".
4398:
Kumbh Melas feature many trade, fairs, charity, community singing, religious recitations, and entertainment spectacles. Left: Anna DÄna event at Prayag Kumbh, feeding monks and poor; Right: A dance performance.
3742:
attracting the largest number on a single day. The Kumbh Mela authorities said that the largest one-day attendance at the Kumbh Mela was 30 million on 10 February 2013, and 50 million on 4 February 2019.
3615:, On February 4, 2019, Kumbh Mela witnessed the largest peaceful public gathering of humans ever recorded. It is celebrated in a cycle of approximately 12 years, to celebrate every revolution Brihaspati (
4696:
announced that the Ardh Kumbh Mela (organised every 6 years) will simply be known as "Kumbh Mela", and the Kumbh Mela (organised every 12 years) will be known as "Maha Kumbh Mela" ("Great Kumbh Mela").
6820:
3735:
4947:
Kumbh Mela at Prayagraj is celebrated approximately 3 years after Kumbh at Haridwar and 3 years before Kumbh at Nashik and Ujjain (both of which are celebrated in the same year or one year apart).
8262:
4270:. They provide logistical arrangements, policing, intervened and judged any disputes and collected taxes. They also have been a central attraction and a stop for mainstream Hindus who seek their
3759:. It is found in the Vedic texts, in this sense, often in the context of holding water or in mythical legends about the nectar of immortality. The word Kumbha or its derivatives are found in the
6146:
The Kumbh Mela lasts several weeks and is one of the largest festivals in the world, attracting more than 200 million people in 2019, including 50 million on the festival's most auspicious day.
5754:(atonement, penance) for these mistakes. Pilgrimage and bathing in holy rivers with a motivation to do penance and as a means to self-purify has Vedic precedents and is discussed in the early
4558:
reported that between 2 and 2.5 million pilgrims attended the Kumbh mela in 1796 and 1808, then added these numbers may be exaggerations. Between 1892 and 1908, in an era of major famines,
5800:(day-long fasting), some abstain from elaborate meals. These ritual practices are punctuated by celebratory feasts where vast number of people sit in rows and share a community meal ā
4504:
have occurred at the Kumbh Melas. After an 1820 stampede at Haridwar killed 485 people, the Company government took extensive infrastructure projects, including the construction of new
4570:ā one of the three key bathing dates, over 5 million attended the 1954 Kumbh, about 10 million attended the 1977 Kumbh while the 1989 Kumbh attracted about 15 million.
3845:
anachronistic explanations, an adaptation of early legends to a later practice by a "small circle of adherents" who have sought the roots of a highly popular pilgrimage and festival.
8600:
6732:
5808:(food charity) events, particularly for the monks and the poor pilgrims. The management has established multiple food stalls, offering delicacies from different states of India.
3971:, before the great war, the epic states "the one who observes firm vows, having bathed at Prayaga during Magha, O best of the Bharatas, becomes spotless and reaches heaven." In
8765:
5941:
released an audio and a video report on Kumbh Mela, titled "Kumbh Mela: 'greatest show on earth'". On 30 September 2010, the Kumbh Mela featured in the second episode of the
6793:
5785:
Some pilgrims walk considerable distances and arrive barefoot, as a part of their religious tradition. Most pilgrims stay for a day or two, but some stay the entire month of
3730:
and Indian authorities, more than 200 million Hindus gathered for the Kumbh Mela in 2019, including 50 million on the festival's most crowded day. The festival is one of the
6698:
4274:(meeting, view) as well as spiritual guidance and blessings. The Kumbh Melas have been one of their recruitment and initiation venues, as well as the place to trade. These
4123:), and because there are several references to a 12-year cycle for it. The later Mughal Empire era texts that contain the term "Kumbha Mela" in Haridwar's context include
156:
4188:
The Magh Mela of Prayag is probably the oldest among the four modern day Kumbh Melas. It dates from the early centuries CE, given it has been mentioned in several early
5796:
The festival site is strictly vegetarian by tradition, as violence against animals is considered unacceptable. Many pilgrims practice partial (one meal a day) or full
3906:
phrase is not found in the ancient or medieval era texts, numerous chapters and verses in Hindu texts are found about a bathing festival, the sacred junction of rivers
8953:
7704:
5706:ā is marked by a celebratory processional march, with banners, flags, elephants, horses and musicians along with the naked or scantily clad monks, some smeared with
4292:), and major Hindu gatherings for philosophical discussions and debates. However, there is no historic literary evidence that he actually did start the Kumbh melas.
3794:
means "unite, join, meet, move together, assembly, junction" in Sanskrit, particularly in the context of fairs, community celebration. This word too is found in the
5789:
during the festival and live an austere life during the stay. They attend spiritual discourses, fast and pray over the month, and these Kumbh pilgrims are called
4613:
52 billion or US$ 630 million in 2023) temporary city over 2,500 hectares with 122,000 temporary toilets and range of accommodation from simple
6722:
4596:
Maha Kumbh at Prayagraj is the largest in the world, the attendance and scale of preparation of which keeps rising with each successive celebration. For the
4363:
The ten Shaiva and Vaishnava akharas are also known as the Dasanamis, and they believe that Adi Shankara founded them and one of their traditional duties is
8346:
4574:
40 million on the busiest single day according to BBC News. Another estimate states that about 30 million attended the 2001 Kumbh mela on the busiest
3700:
festivals is about 6 years, and both feature a Maha (major) and Ardha (half) Kumbh Melas. The exact years ā particularly for the Kumbh Melas at Ujjain and
4282:(naked) monks tradition, who went to war without clothes. These monastic groups traditionally credit the Kumbh mela to the 8th-century Hindu philosopher
6750:
4469:
visited the fair. Europeans watched the crowds and few Christian missionaries distributed their religious literature at the Hardwar Mela, wrote Martin.
5927:, under the direction of Karina Holden with the scholar Kama Maclean as a consultant. In 2013, National Geographic returned and filmed the documentary
4342:
each akhara. After 1947, the state governments have taken over this role and provide the infrastructure for the Kumbh mela in their respective states.
5713:
The bathing ritual by the pilgrims may be aided by a Prayagwal priest or maybe a simple dip that is private. When aided, the rituals may begin with
8241:
4444:, the visitors at the fair included people from a number of races and clime. Along with priests, soldiers, and religious mendicants, the fair had
8442:
4196:
priests of Prayag coopted the Kumbh legend and brand to the annual Prayag Magh Mela given the socio-political circumstances in the 19th century.
8574:
8738:
8416:
4244:. These soldier-monk traditions have been a well-established feature of the Indian society, and they are prominent feature of the Kumbh melas.
3865:
5698:ā the most cherished day for bathing ā the Hindu pilgrims welcome and wait for the thirteen sadhu akharas to bathe first. This event ā called
5750:). The pilgrimage is also recommended in Hindu texts to those who have made mistakes or sinned, to repent for their errors and as a means of
6559:
Fairs and Festivals of India: Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh
6368:
Patronage and Popularisation, Pilgrimage and Procession: Channels of Transcultural Translation and Transmission in Early Modern South Asia
3856:
manuscript (Sanskrit, Devanagari script). It describes methods to complete a bathing pilgrimage at Prayag. The manuscript (1674 CE) has a
4626:
6287:
Maclean, Kama (September 2009). "Seeing, Being Seen, and Not Being Seen: Pilgrimage, Tourism, and Layers of Looking at the Kumbh Mela".
4165:
Like the Prayag mela, the bathing pilgrimage mela at Nasik and Ujjain are of considerable antiquity. However, these were referred to as
8870:
6676:
5645:
movement of people require significant prior planning. Further, assistance to those with special needs and lost family members through
3872:(nectar of immortality)" after the forces of good and evil churn the ocean of creation. The gods and demons fight over this pot, the "
9214:
236:
96:
6456:
5694:
Bathing, or a dip in the river waters, with a prayer, is the central ritual of the Kumbh Melas for all pilgrims. Traditionally, on
4681:
The Ardh Kumbh Mela ("half Kumbh") occurs approximately every 6 years between the two Purna Kumbha Melas at Prayagraj and Haridwar.
8917:
8457:
4593:. In 2013, 120 million pilgrims attended the Kumbh Mela at Prayagraj. Nasik has registered maximum visitors to 75 million.
4338:
s. At the 1796 Kumbh Mela in Haridwar, violence broke out between the Shaivites and the Udasis on logistics and camping rights.
4119:
The Kumbh Mela of Haridwar appears to be the original Kumbh Mela, since it is held according to the astrological sign "Kumbha" (
3848:
3783:, and other Vedic and post-Vedic ancient Sanskrit literature. In astrological texts, the term also refers to the zodiac sign of
2413:
999:
9140:
KUMBH : Sarvjan ā Sahbhagita ka Vishalatam Amritparva with 1 Disc (Hindi, Paperback, Ramanand)Pilgrims Publishings, India,
6772:"Eyes in the sky. Indian authorities had to manage 250 million festivalgoers. So they built a high-tech surveillance ministate"
8979:
7335:
Maclean, Kama (2003). "Making the Colonial State Work for You: The Modern Beginnings of the Ancient Kumbh Mela in Allahabad".
6972:
6322:
Maclean, Kama (2003). "Making the Colonial State Work for You: The Modern Beginnings of the Ancient Kumbh Mela in Allahabad".
6169:
Maclean, Kama (2003). "Making the Colonial State Work for You: The Modern Beginnings of the Ancient Kumbh Mela in Allahabad".
3959:(Skt: Prayaga) cannot wash away cruel and evil deeds, rather the virtuous one should be pure in heart and fair in action. The
9106:
9000:
8705:
8675:
8645:
8383:
8330:
8286:
8144:
8072:
7981:
7946:
7916:
7863:
7687:
7631:
7579:
7421:
7389:
7296:
7269:
7219:
7176:
7103:
7071:
6998:
6956:
6901:
6866:
6649:
6609:
6582:
6515:
6439:
6412:
6376:
6226:
6049:
8099:
4566:
estimated 2 to 4 million pilgrims gathered at each Kumbh mela. After India's independence, the attendance rose sharply. On
2292:
5931:. Indian and foreign news media have covered the Kumbh Mela regularly. On 18 April 2010, a popular American morning show,
3987:(Hiuen Tsang) mentions king Harsha and his capital of Prayag, which he states to be a sacred Hindu city with hundreds of "
3798:
and other ancient Hindu texts. Thus, Kumbh Mela means an "assembly, meet, union" around "water or nectar of immortality".
9880:
4646:
3731:
3681:
led to the rebranding and remobilisation of the ancient Magha Mela as the modern era Kumbh Mela, particularly after the
9085:
7149:
5841:). The festival grounds also feature a wide range of cultural spectacles over the month of celebrations. These include
3734:
in the world, and considered as the "world's largest congregation of religious pilgrims". It has been inscribed on the
3536:
8399:
3169:
9840:
9145:
9134:
9124:
8489:
Baranwal, Annu; Anand, Ankit; Singh, Ravikant; Deka, Mridul; Paul, Abhishek; Borgohain, Sunny; Roy, Nobhojit (2015).
7657:
7611:
7505:
4424:
4747:
Each site's celebration dates are calculated in advance according to a special combination of zodiacal positions of
4349:(monks) who do not belong to any akharas. Of those who do belong to a group, the thirteen active akharas have been,
3836:
Many Hindus believe that the Kumbh Mela originated in times immemorial and is attested in the Hindu mythology about
9860:
5888:
4316:
4105:) the "king of shrines" for the Hindus, and mentions that it is considered particularly holy in the Hindu month of
8557:
9865:
8103:
5937:, extensively covered Haridwar's Kumbh Mela, calling it "The Largest Pilgrimage on Earth". On 28 April 2010, the
3975:, after the war, the epic elaborates this bathing pilgrimage as "geographical tirtha" that must be combined with
3823:
2322:
1153:
8792:
4334:
s at the 1789 Nashik Kumbh Mela. The dispute started over the bathing order, which then indicated status of the
3688:
The weeks over which the festival is observed cycle at each site approximately once every 12 years based on the
8539:
7880:
4966:
4559:
3640:
273:
9192:
8318:
4554:
The historical and modern estimates of attendance vary greatly between sources. For example, the colonial era
9207:
3979:(tirtha of the heart) whereby one lives by values such as truth, charity, self-control, patience and others.
1746:
9129:
Kumbh Mela and The Sadhus,(English, Paperback, Badri Narain and Kedar Narain) Pilgrims Publishings, India,
2302:
2242:
222:
8507:
845:
9164:
6558:
6542:
3472:
3363:
1973:
7833:
7032:
9870:
5804:ā prepared by volunteers from charitable donations. By tradition, families and companies sponsor these
5659:
4003:
Other early accounts of the significance of Prayag to Hinduism is found in the various versions of the
3787:. The astrological etymology dates to late 1st-millennium CE, likely influenced by Greek zodiac ideas.
3491:
3162:
3066:
2013:
1682:
1367:
679:
4224:(warrior ascetic bands, monastic militia), of which ten were related to Hinduism and three related to
3726:
2008:
9711:
9374:
6948:
3659:(atonement, penance, restorative action) for past mistakes, and that it cleanses them of their sins.
3468:
3114:
2232:
1968:
256:
241:
8420:
909:
9875:
9806:
9540:
9200:
5893:
4707:
4642:
4527:
4441:
4070:
3682:
3024:
3017:
2996:
2705:
2595:
2567:
2297:
1187:
974:
9172:
7818:
7473:
4380:
949:
865:
9835:
9676:
9228:
5964:
5933:
4490:
3239:
2452:
2357:
2282:
1463:
1385:
278:
246:
8935:
8491:"Managing the Earth's Biggest Mass Gathering Event and WASH Conditions: Maha Kumbh Mela (India)"
5734:
The motivations for the bathing ritual are several. The most significant is the belief that the
1425:
7543:
4630:
4436:
to the pilgrims and tried to convert some to Christianity. According to an 1858 account of the
4053:
twelve-year cycle of planet Jupiter. Manuscripts related to Hindu ascetics and warrior-monks ā
3529:
3438:
3368:
3204:
2833:
2602:
2262:
1163:
840:
8320:
8134:
7963:
7906:
7647:
7599:
7286:
7261:
7209:
7093:
6639:
6505:
4562:
and plague epidemics in British India, the pilgrimage dropped to between 300,000 and 400,000.
4180:(photo c. 1900) contains many inscriptions since the 3rd century BCE. Sometime about 1575 CE,
3549:
8373:
8062:
7853:
7493:
7379:
7061:
6821:"A record over 24 crore people visited Kumbh-2019, more than total tourists in UP in 2014-17"
4535:
4263:
4035:ā or at least, the tradition of religious festival at the triveni ā is exceedingly old, the
3857:
3478:
3456:
3346:
3211:
2784:
2392:
2272:
1675:
1661:
829:
8990:
8874:
7780:
824:
9855:
9044:
8975:
8319:
J. C. Rodda; Lucio Ubertini; Symposium on the Basis of CivilizationāWater Science? (2004).
6109:
The right to be naga, or naked, is considered a sign of separation from the material world.
5991:
4956:
4689:
4650:
4638:
4597:
4137:
4125:
4120:
3784:
3620:
3464:
3460:
3452:
3341:
3003:
2581:
2551:
2382:
2287:
2183:
1913:
1807:
35:
8856:
8819:
4618:
8:
9830:
9696:
9681:
9454:
9274:
9035:
Pingree, David (1973). "The Mesopotamian Origin of Early Indian Mathematical Astronomy".
8278:
South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora
8190:
7571:
South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora
7498:
South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora
7413:
South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora
6601:
South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora
6404:
South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora
5920:
4961:
4752:
4530:
in Madan Mohan Malaviya's leadership. Kumbh Melas have also been one of the hubs for the
4437:
4320:
4200:
3636:
3496:
3389:
3225:
2756:
2618:
2362:
2252:
2237:
2143:
2083:
2048:
1948:
1528:
1440:
1059:
718:
329:
231:
202:
9179:
9048:
8160:
7812:
7467:
6467:
1629:
819:
9721:
9716:
9661:
9631:
9399:
9060:
9023:
8517:
8490:
8216:
7360:
7352:
7141:
7035:, Manuscript UP No. 140, Poleman No. 3324, University of Pennsylvania Sanskrit Archives
6709:
6347:
6339:
6304:
6194:
6186:
6046:ā the springtime fair in Rajasthan, includes the tradition of a dip in the Pushkar lake
4920:
Jupiter in Leo and Sun in Aries; or Jupiter, Sun, and Moon in Libra on Kartik Amavasya
4546:
4472:
4389:
4074:
3418:
3404:
3123:
2648:
2544:
2372:
2352:
2347:
2342:
1943:
1709:
1580:
1192:
1078:
30:
7679:
History of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls (Volume IV)
7626:
Constance Jones and James D. Ryan (2006), Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Infobase, p. 280,
7537:
4184:
of Akbar's era added an inscription that mentions the "Magh mela at Prayag Tirth Raj".
3662:
The festival is traditionally credited to the 8th-century Hindu philosopher and saint
9850:
9555:
9354:
9141:
9130:
9120:
9102:
9081:
9077:
9064:
8996:
8851:
8814:
8701:
8671:
8641:
8522:
8436:
8379:
8326:
8282:
8140:
8068:
7977:
7942:
7912:
7859:
7683:
7653:
7627:
7607:
7575:
7501:
7417:
7385:
7364:
7292:
7265:
7254:
7215:
7172:
7145:
7099:
7067:
6994:
6952:
6897:
6862:
6645:
6605:
6578:
6511:
6435:
6408:
6372:
6351:
6308:
6300:
6222:
6198:
6012:
5979:
5973:
5772:
4589:
In 2007, as many as 70 million pilgrims attended the 45-day long Ardha Kumbh Mela at
4581:
4415:
3522:
3428:
3397:
3353:
3010:
2961:
2896:
2655:
2641:
2387:
2312:
2133:
2093:
2088:
2078:
1918:
1614:
1548:
1143:
880:
171:
8018:
7774:
6688:
4216:
One of the key features of the Kumbh mela has been the camps and processions of the
1993:
1400:
687:
9706:
9671:
9636:
9621:
9510:
9309:
9264:
9052:
9011:
8512:
8502:
8249:
7344:
6971:
Monier Monier Williams (Updated 2006), Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology,
6331:
6296:
6178:
5983:
5969:
5751:
4971:
4768:
4684:
The Maha Kumbh, which occurs every 12 Purna Kumbh Melas i.e. after every 144 years.
4457:
4304:
and numerous deaths. At the 1760 Kumbh Mela in Haridwar, a clash broke out between
4177:
4172:
4111:
3837:
3815:
3656:
3648:
3567:
3304:
3266:
3246:
3197:
3146:
3045:
2840:
2826:
2777:
2720:
2267:
1923:
1842:
1593:
1513:
1138:
564:
418:
315:
5958:
Young siblings getting separated at the Kumbh Mela were once a recurring theme in
5650:
infrastructure necessary for the pilgrims, making the task even more challenging.
2682:
9845:
9741:
9726:
9646:
9616:
9600:
9565:
9530:
9520:
9444:
9414:
9339:
9334:
9279:
9096:
8796:
8695:
8665:
8635:
8561:
8276:
8245:
7936:
7677:
7569:
7463:
7411:
7236:
7166:
6988:
6942:
6891:
6856:
6705:
6599:
6572:
6530:
6464:
Proceedings Ol'THC. UNI-SCO/1 AI IS/I Wl IA Symposium Held in Rome, December 2003
6429:
6402:
6366:
6216:
5952:
5947:
5738:(pilgrimage) to the Kumbh Mela sites and then bathing in these holy rivers has a
4760:
4693:
4622:
4255:
3988:
3951:
3632:
3510:
3433:
3381:
3190:
3094:
3038:
2975:
2791:
2692:
2588:
2337:
2317:
2188:
2063:
2043:
1963:
1654:
1640:
1538:
1518:
1481:
1073:
1068:
795:
674:
638:
583:
578:
405:
7117:
7115:
6771:
5725:(prayers in the honour of one's ancestors). More elaborate ceremonies include a
4715:
4154:
when Jupiter enters Leo (that is, once in 12 years); and an annual mela held at
3827:
Large crowds at the Ganga (Ganges) on a major bathing day in the 2019 Kumbh Mela
1202:
954:
655:
9701:
9691:
9666:
9651:
9575:
9439:
9222:
9056:
6798:
6007:
4723:
4241:
4220:(monks). By the 18th century, many of these had organised into one of thirteen
4131:
4083:
3689:
3644:
3423:
3232:
3080:
2731:
2625:
2574:
2377:
2203:
2123:
2073:
2058:
2023:
1978:
1875:
1647:
1508:
1390:
1339:
1324:
1304:
1268:
1197:
979:
934:
885:
643:
268:
8981:
History of DharmaÅÄstra: Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India
8833:"Short Cut to Nirvana ā A Documentary about the Kumbh Mela Spiritual Festival"
6139:
4247:
3860:, which states "Copied by Sarvottama, son of Vishvanatha Bhatta, Samvat 1752".
1025:
805:
736:
251:
9824:
9656:
9595:
9585:
9500:
9384:
9344:
9299:
8739:"Prayagraj: Food Hub At Kumbh To Offer Cuisines From Different Indian States"
7135:
7112:
6025:
4854:
4748:
4445:
4359:
3 Sikh akharas: Bara Panchayati Udasins, Chota Panchayati Udasins, and Nirmal
4353:
7 Shaiva akharas: Mahanirvani, Atal, Niranjani, Anand, Juna, Avahan, and Agni
4204:
4159:
4146:
lists the following melas: an annual mela and a Kumbh Mela every 12 years at
4013:
3087:
3052:
2989:
2935:
2928:
2889:
2882:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2770:
2714:
2332:
2277:
2257:
2247:
2227:
2198:
2108:
1898:
1893:
1883:
1832:
1754:
1668:
1501:
1450:
1349:
1284:
1123:
890:
344:
8263:
Kumbh Mela: How UP will manage one of the world's biggest religious festival
7999:
2068:
1827:
1035:
1030:
9787:
9777:
9641:
9570:
9545:
9535:
9490:
8691:
8526:
6043:
5959:
4603:
4283:
4093:
3881:
3663:
3628:
3059:
2968:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2847:
2505:
2327:
2163:
2158:
2118:
2028:
2018:
1988:
1958:
1888:
1792:
1714:
1445:
1410:
1334:
1309:
1238:
1088:
939:
731:
726:
625:
612:
607:
4211:
1263:
9772:
9731:
9580:
9515:
9404:
9289:
9244:
6727:
6431:
The DaÅanÄmÄ«-saį¹nyÄsÄ«s: The Integration of Ascetic Lineages into an Order
5837:
5832:
5760:
4732:
4312:
4233:
3779:
3678:
3130:
2854:
2747:
2677:
2490:
2444:
2405:
2307:
2148:
2138:
2003:
1867:
1857:
1726:
1721:
1624:
1523:
1415:
1405:
1375:
1344:
1253:
1020:
834:
757:
749:
551:
320:
9027:
8845:
8808:
7974:
Globalization and Intercultural Dialogue: Multidisciplinary Perspectives
7838:. Vol. 3. The London Printing and Publishing Company. pp. 4ā5.
7314:"Review of Pilgrimage and Power: The Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, 1765ā1954"
5686:
4493:, the historian and biographer of the Turco-Mongol raider and conqueror
3736:
UNESCO's Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
9782:
9409:
9394:
9389:
9259:
8554:
7356:
6343:
6190:
5679:
4893:
4406:
3996:
3709:
3667:
3608:
3176:
3137:
3101:
2982:
2921:
2528:
2520:
2431:
2208:
1983:
1933:
1787:
1777:
1491:
1420:
1329:
1258:
1248:
1243:
1015:
790:
767:
762:
491:
291:
47:
7313:
7133:
6794:"Mauni Amavasya: Five crore pilgrims take holy dip at Kumbh till 5 pm"
5721:(vermilion), milk or coconut, along with the recitation of hymns with
4513:
dancing girls, liquor and beef" as they watched the pilgrims bathing.
3934:
The earliest mention of Prayag and the bathing pilgrimage is found in
9560:
9525:
9505:
9459:
9424:
9294:
9284:
9016:
The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
8789:
7191:
Diane Eck (1981), India's "TÄ«rthas: "Crossings" in Sacred Geography,
6755:
6037:
6031:
5994:
in 2013. In this film, two characters search for the tenth and final
5879:
5817:
5812:
5739:
4831:
4657:
gather on the river banks in harmony and a sense of shared heritage.
4614:
4590:
4155:
4061:
3915:
3767:
3705:
3672:
3286:
3218:
3155:
3073:
2905:
2476:
2436:
2367:
2213:
2178:
2128:
2098:
2033:
1953:
1852:
1822:
1802:
1486:
1430:
1395:
1380:
1299:
1294:
1276:
602:
516:
447:
386:
126:
66:
8663:
8325:. International Association of Hydrological Science. pp. 165ā.
7348:
6335:
6182:
1083:
9751:
9686:
9626:
9495:
9469:
9449:
9419:
9364:
9224:
8417:"Official Website of Kumbh Mela 2013 Allahabad Uttar Pradesh India"
5923:
filmed and broadcast a documentary of the Prayag Kumbh Mela, named
4924:
4880:
4800:
4531:
4501:
4305:
4229:
4147:
3984:
3946:
3773:
3765:(1500ā1200 BCE), for example, in verse 10.89.7; verse 19.16 of the
3756:
3739:
3697:
3612:
3358:
2914:
2740:
2697:
2664:
2515:
2510:
2483:
2193:
2173:
2103:
2053:
1928:
1817:
1733:
1704:
1699:
1568:
1558:
1455:
1435:
1359:
1354:
1319:
989:
969:
929:
895:
875:
855:
741:
617:
352:
310:
305:
179:
70:
9359:
8044:
8042:
8040:
6571:
Gerard Toffin (2012). Phyllis Granoff and Koichi Shinohara (ed.).
5857:
5675:
2421:
118:
Religious pilgrimage, rituals, social practices and festive events
8136:
What Is Hinduism?: Modern Adventures into a Profound Global Faith
7284:
6557:
Madan Prasad Bezbaruah, Dr. Krishna Gopal, Phal S. Girota, 2003,
5942:
5653:
In 2013, the Indian government authorities, in co-operation with
4871:
4814:
4764:
4736:
4449:
4420:
4308:
4225:
4193:
4151:
3936:
3895:
3761:
3717:
3713:
3693:
3616:
3291:
3281:
3031:
2952:
2944:
2761:
2687:
2672:
2469:
2168:
2113:
1847:
1797:
1767:
1762:
1634:
1609:
1496:
1128:
1007:
984:
959:
870:
860:
669:
633:
521:
506:
501:
437:
432:
396:
391:
378:
8896:
8766:"5 special foods you can't miss at this Kumbh Mela in Prayagraj"
7476:ā124 (Haridwar ā page 124, Trimbak ā page 51, Prayag ā page 27).
6040:ā the river festivals of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
3801:
3327:
1173:
1168:
994:
9429:
9254:
9249:
9159:
8037:
7938:
God's Gateway: Identity and Meaning in a Hindu Pilgrimage Place
6922:
5999:
5995:
5827:
5822:
5778:
4915:
4910:
4875:
4840:
4836:
4805:
4719:
4516:
4433:
4323:
4267:
4189:
4181:
3911:
3885:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3701:
3652:
3624:
3296:
3110:
2426:
2153:
2038:
1938:
1908:
1903:
1837:
1812:
1601:
1471:
1314:
1289:
1228:
1113:
1108:
1098:
1040:
964:
924:
919:
850:
775:
710:
695:
597:
541:
526:
472:
452:
365:
360:
197:
78:
74:
8617:
8615:
8613:
8611:
8609:
7649:
Gods Gateway: Identity and Meaning in a Hindu Pilgrimage Place
7211:
The Strides of Vishnu: Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective
7095:
The Strides of Vishnu: Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective
6889:
5908:(2013) by the Ukrainian Religious Studies Project Ahamot, and
5874:
Kumbh Mela has been a theme for many documentaries, including
4722:
Pilgrims gather for the Shahi Snan (royal bath) in Ramkund in
3918:
at Prayag, and pilgrimage to Prayag. These are in the form of
9756:
9474:
9464:
9434:
9329:
9324:
9319:
8117:
8115:
8113:
7810:
7734:
7732:
7730:
7728:
6371:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 135ā136 with footnotes.
6003:
5727:
4756:
4494:
4466:
4453:
4326:
claims that 12,000 ascetics died in a clash between Shaivite
4288:
4237:
4199:
The Kumbh Mela at Ujjain began in the 18th century, when the
4098:
3907:
3889:
3313:
3183:
2948:
2460:
1998:
1862:
1772:
1619:
1573:
1553:
1233:
1218:
1158:
1148:
1133:
1118:
1093:
944:
914:
800:
700:
531:
496:
467:
462:
457:
442:
370:
108:
8992:
Pilgrimage and Power: The Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, 1765ā1954
8832:
4889:
Jupiter, Sun and Moon enters in Cancer on lunar conjunction
4020:
9590:
9349:
9269:
9014:(October 1935). "A Note on the Allahabad Pillar of AÅoka".
8606:
7855:
The Social History of Health and Medicine in Colonial India
7794:
7792:
7790:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7433:
7384:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 71ā72 with footnotes.
7043:
7041:
6543:
Town Survey Report: Haryana, Thanesar, District Kurukshetra
6531:
Census of India, 1971: Haryana, Volume 6, Part 2, Page 137.
5717:(shaving of head), prayers with offerings such as flowers,
4505:
4489:
The Kumbh Melas have been sites of tragedies. According to
4462:
4286:, as a part of his efforts to start monastic institutions (
3926:(greatness of Prayag, historical tour guides in Sanskrit).
3738:. The festival is observed over many days, with the day of
3599:
3593:
1782:
1563:
1533:
1476:
1223:
1210:
1103:
705:
546:
536:
511:
477:
427:
409:
8954:"Uncertified film screening at Kolkata gallery miffs CBFC"
8721:
8719:
8717:
8540:
India: Staying Healthy at āThe Biggest Gathering on Earthā
8139:. Himalayan Academy Publications. 2007. pp. 242ā243.
8110:
8081:
7852:
Amna Khalid (2008). Biswamoy Patil; Mark Harrison (eds.).
7725:
7234:
6658:
4550:
Kumbh Mela ā a dip in the waters is one of the key rituals
3576:
8414:
7814:
Memoirs of Mr. John Chamberlain, late missionary in India
7751:
7749:
7747:
7014:
Giorgio Bonazzoli (1977). "Prayaga and Its Kumbha Mela".
6096:
The sangam site is known as Prayag, sometimes Tirtharaj (
5938:
4678:
or "full Kumbha"), occurs every 12 years at a given site.
4634:
8633:
8295:
7961:
7831:
7787:
7713:
7519:
7517:
7430:
7038:
6723:"Over 3 crore take holy dip in Sangam on Mauni Amavasya"
4315:
Bairagis (ascetics), resulting in hundreds of deaths. A
8714:
8410:
8408:
8217:"India's Hindu Kumbh Mela festival begins in Allahabad"
6261:
6259:
6257:
4212:
Akharas: Warrior monks, recruitment drive and logistics
650:
187:
9074:
JyotihÅÄstra : Astral and Mathematical Literature
8627:
8488:
8060:
8025:
7744:
7606:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 141ā156.
7311:
6910:
6485:
5767:
4660:
4266:, the Kumbh Melas (Magha Melas) were managed by these
4031:
There is evidence enough to suggest that although the
3963:
mentions a bathing pilgrimage at Prayag as a means of
3755:
in Kumbha Mela literally means "pitcher, jar, pot" in
8659:
8657:
8508:
10.1371/currents.dis.e8b3053f40e774e7e3fdbe1bb50a130d
7987:
7514:
4476:
A cultural program pandal at Prayag Kumbh Mela (2019)
3967:(atonement, penance) for past mistakes and guilt. In
3696:, the sun and the moon. The difference in Prayag and
3573:
3570:
8405:
8064:
Madan Mohan Malaviya and the Indian Freedom Movement
7930:
7928:
7881:"Time Trends of Cholera in India : An Overview"
7535:
7203:
7201:
7087:
7085:
7083:
6885:
6881:
6254:
5746:ā a means to liberation from the cycle of rebirths (
4484:
3596:
3582:
8637:
Pilgrimage: Past and Present in the World Religions
8184:
8182:
7491:
6574:
Sins and Sinners: Perspectives from Asian Religions
6427:
4356:
3 Vaishnava akharas: Nirvani, Digambar, and Nirmohi
3590:
3587:
3579:
8670:. Oxford University Press. pp. 217, 339ā347.
8654:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7253:
6751:"Over three crore devotees take the dip at Sangam"
6454:
4600:, the preparations included the construction of a
3619:) completes, at four river-bank pilgrimage sites:
9009:
8918:"Why twins no longer get separated at Kumbh Mela"
8799:, Kumbh Mela Official, Government of India (2019)
8564:, Kumbh Mela Official, Government of India (2019)
8275:James Lochtefeld (2008). Knut A. Jacobsen (ed.).
7965:Four Reports Made During the Years, 1862-63-64-65
7925:
7568:James Lochtefeld (2008). Knut A. Jacobsen (ed.).
7410:James Lochtefeld (2008). Knut A. Jacobsen (ed.).
7198:
7134:Bhikkhu Nanamoli (Tr); Bhikkhu Bodhi(Tr) (1995).
7121:
7080:
7013:
6598:James Lochtefeld (2008). Knut A. Jacobsen (ed.).
6577:. BRILL Academic. pp. 330 with footnote 18.
6401:James Lochtefeld (2008). Knut A. Jacobsen (ed.).
6396:
6394:
6392:
6390:
6388:
5916:(2012) directed by Jonas Scheu and Philipp Eyer.
5639:
16:Hindu pilgrimage and festival celebrated in India
9822:
9115:Harvard University, South Asia Institute (2015)
8575:"Sadhus astride elephants, horses at Maha Kumbh"
8484:
8482:
8480:
8478:
8274:
8179:
8019:"Five die in stampede at Hindu bathing festival"
7934:
7904:
7702:
7682:. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 175.
7645:
7597:
7567:
7409:
6986:
6944:Astrology and Cosmology in the World's Religions
6940:
6854:
6633:
6631:
6629:
6627:
6625:
6623:
6621:
6597:
6400:
6364:
5758:literature of Hinduism. For example in the epic
8664:Patrick Olivelle; Donald Richard Davis (2018).
7563:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7555:
7553:
7462:
7398:
7207:
7091:
7063:The Iconography and Ritual of Åiva at Elephanta
6689:UNESCO Intangible World Heritage official list.
6644:. New York University Press. pp. 150ā151.
6637:
3868:, however, describes the creation of a "pot of
9181:Kumbh Mela : Magical Celebration of Life'
9095:Yukio Ohashi (1999). Johannes Andersen (ed.).
8640:. Harvard University Press. pp. 140ā141.
7872:
7768:
7766:
7764:
7675:
7458:
7456:
6982:
6980:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6844:
6842:
6385:
4541:
3945:). It is also mentioned in the Pali canons of
9208:
8475:
7968:. Government Central Press. pp. 229ā237.
7847:
7845:
7652:. Oxford University Press. pp. 252ā253.
7593:
7591:
7214:. Oxford University Press. pp. 145ā146.
7098:. Oxford University Press. pp. 146ā147.
6618:
6570:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6249:. Vol. 8. Macmillan. pp. 5264ā5265.
6164:
6162:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6154:
4846:Jupiter in Aries, Sun and Moon in Capricorn;
4065:Hindu pilgrims heading to the Kumbh Mela site
3746:
3530:
9094:
8690:
8371:
7550:
7285:Mark Juergensmeyer; Wade Clark Roof (2011).
7164:
6928:
6638:James Mallinson (2016). Rachel Dwyer (ed.).
6503:
6244:
6214:
4674:The Purna Kumbh Mela (sometimes just called
4517:1857 rebellion and the Independence movement
3955:, wherein the Buddha states that bathing in
8441:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
8314:
8312:
8310:
8067:. Oxford University Press. pp. 40ā41.
7941:. Oxford University Press. pp. 51ā52.
7911:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 155ā156.
7851:
7761:
7696:
7487:
7485:
7483:
7453:
7377:
7195:, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 340ā341 with footnote
6977:
6839:
6744:
6742:
6497:
6134:
6132:
6130:
6128:
6126:
4627:artificially intelligent video surveillance
3708:tank (near Kaveri river) every 12 years at
3692:and the relative astrological positions of
9215:
9201:
9117:Kumbh Mela: Mapping the Ephemeral Megacity
8855:
8818:
8550:
8548:
8242:"70 mn to take holy dip during Ardh Kumbh"
8188:
7842:
7772:
7588:
7251:
6271:
6245:Williams Sox (2005). Lindsay Jones (ed.).
6151:
5670:
4370:
4101:-era Persian text calls Prayag (spells it
3537:
3523:
8871:"Kumbh Mela 2013 ā living with mahatiagi"
8516:
8506:
8458:"CM reviews Kumbh Mela 2021 preparations"
7804:
7053:
6890:Stephanie Jamison; Joel Brereton (2014).
6240:
6238:
6210:
6208:
4240:(founded by Guru Nanak's son) and one to
4021:Evolution of earlier melas to Kumbh Melas
8790:Attractions and Cultural Events of Kumbh
8700:. Three Rivers Press. pp. 146ā147.
8667:Hindu Law: A New History of DharmaÅÄstra
8353:. Press Trust of India. 14 December 2017
8347:"U.P. Governor launches Kumbh 2019 logo"
8322:The Basis of Civilizationāwater Science?
8307:
7825:
7811:John Chamberlain; William Yates (1826).
7480:
7137:Teachings of The Buddha: Majjhima Nikaya
6739:
6699:Kumbh Mela on UNESCO's list of intangibl
6553:
6551:
6123:
5856:
5771:
5685:
5674:
4942:
4714:
4706:
4580:
4545:
4538:was founded at the Haridwar Kumbh Mela.
4471:
4246:
4171:
4091:in Prayag, as does a Muslim historian's
4060:
3847:
3822:
3800:
3548:
9071:
9034:
8988:
8783:
8725:
8621:
8545:
8301:
8121:
8087:
8048:
8031:
8005:
7993:
7878:
7798:
7755:
7738:
7719:
7671:
7669:
7641:
7639:
7523:
7447:
7334:
7241:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. xxii.
7059:
7047:
6916:
6692:
6664:
6491:
6321:
6286:
6168:
4044:
3813:was one of the creative product of the
2414:Sources and classification of scripture
9823:
8810:Kumbh Mela: The Greatest Show on Earth
8763:
8392:
8378:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 17.
8256:
8214:
8189:Carrington, Damian (25 January 2001).
6748:
6535:
6524:
6235:
6205:
5986:-language feature length fiction film
5906:Kumbh Mela 2013: Living with Mahatiagi
5884:Kumbh Mela: The Greatest Show on Earth
5833:doctrines are debated and standardised
9196:
8601:"Naga sadhus steal the show at Kumbh"
8599:Nandita Sengupta (13 February 2010).
8375:Mahakumbh, the Greatest Show on Earth
8008:, pp. 182ā185, 193ā195, 202ā203.
7908:Kumbha: The Traditionally Modern Mela
7494:"The Kumbh Mela Festival Processions"
7235:Dilip Kumar Roy; Indira Devi (1955).
6993:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 3ā5.
6990:Kumbha: The Traditionally Modern Mela
6861:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 1ā2.
6858:Kumbha: The Traditionally Modern Mela
6735:from the original on 22 January 2016.
6641:Key Concepts in Modern Indian Studies
6548:
6407:. Routledge. pp. 40 footnote 3.
6247:Encyclopedia of Religion, 2nd Edition
6050:List of largest gatherings in history
5811:Other activities at the mela include
1036:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)
1031:ArthÄpatti (postulation, presumption)
9037:Journal for the History of Astronomy
8974:
8501:. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
8127:
8093:
7666:
7636:
7318:Journal of Interdisciplinary History
7291:. SAGE Publications. pp. 677ā.
6265:
6028:ā A semi-Kumbh Mela in Sunsari Nepal
4850:Jupiter in Taurus, Sun in Capricorn
4534:movement and politics. In 1964, the
4409:, initiation of new recruits to the
3553:A 2019 stamp dedicated to Kumbh Mela
9098:Highlights of Astronomy, Volume 11B
8634:Simon Coleman; John Elsner (1995).
8455:
8265:, Economic Times, 21 December 2018.
7706:Narrative of a Journey to Sirinagur
7600:"Soldier Monks and Militant Sadhus"
7171:. Three Rivers Press. p. 153.
6769:
6510:. Harmony Books. pp. 156ā157.
6221:. Harmony Books. pp. 153ā155.
5768:Feasts, festivities and discussions
4692:, the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister
4661:Calendar, locations and preparation
4647:Inland Waterways Authority of India
4345:The Kumbh Melas attract many loner
97:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
13:
8764:Sengar, Resham (4 February 2019).
8542:, CDC, Global Health Security, USA
7976:, Arhipelag, Iulian Boldea (ed.),
7817:. Baptist Mission Press. pp.
7260:. Penguin Books Limited. pp.
6888:Wikisource; For translations see:
6144:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2015.
5976:, also documents the Kumbh Mela.
5910:Kumbh Mela: Walking with the Nagas
5896:and produced by Maurizio Benazzo,
5831:), and religious assemblies where
4810:Jupiter in Aquarius, Sun in Aries
4670:The Kumbh Mela are classified as:
4039:at Allahabad is much more recent.
3922:(bathe) ritual and in the form of
14:
9892:
9152:
8868:
8215:Pandey, Geeta (14 January 2013).
7962:Sir Alexander Cunningham (1871).
7832:Robert Montgomery Martin (1858).
7060:Collins, Charles Dillard (1988).
6749:Rashid, Omar (11 February 2013).
5776:A cultural event at a Kumbh Mela
4621:tents, 800 special trains by the
4485:Massacres, stampedes and scandals
9801:
9800:
9223:
9158:
8989:Maclean, Kama (28 August 2008).
8946:
8928:
8910:
8889:
8862:
8839:
8825:
8802:
8757:
8731:
8684:
8593:
8567:
8533:
8449:
8161:"Kumbh Mela pictured from space"
7238:Kumbha: India's ageless festival
6301:10.1111/j.1939-3881.2009.00082.x
6103:
6090:
5889:Short Cut to Nirvana: Kumbh Mela
4388:
4379:
3566:
3504:
186:
29:
9230:Festivals in the Hindu calendar
8968:
8415:Mela Adhikari Kumbh Mela 2013.
8365:
8339:
8268:
8234:
8208:
8153:
8104:The Imperial Gazetteer of India
8061:Jagannath Prasad Misra (2016).
8054:
8011:
7955:
7898:
7620:
7529:
7371:
7328:
7312:Christian Lee Novetzke (2010).
7305:
7288:Encyclopedia of Global Religion
7278:
7245:
7228:
7185:
7158:
7127:
7026:
7007:
6965:
6934:
6875:
6813:
6786:
6763:
6715:
6682:
6670:
6591:
6564:
6448:
6421:
6081:
6072:
6062:
5886:(2001) directed by Graham Day,
5690:Water dip at the Kumbh festival
4087:of Tulsidas mentions an annual
8847:Kumbh Mela: Songs of the River
7539:Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum
6358:
6315:
6087:They are also called Bairagis.
5898:Kumbh Mela: Songs of the River
5640:Historical Festival management
3819:legend in ancient Hindu texts.
3670:and inscriptions of an annual
274:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies
1:
8897:"Amrit:Nectar of Immortality"
8361:– via www.thehindu.com.
7858:. Routledge. pp. 68ā78.
7574:. Routledge. pp. 29ā33.
7536:Alexander Cunningham (1877).
7500:. Routledge. pp. 32ā41.
7496:. In Knut A. Jacobsen (ed.).
7416:. Routledge. pp. 31ā33.
7122:Krishnaswamy & Ghosh 1935
6116:
6078:They are also called Gosains.
5869:
4585:Cooking at Kumbh Mela in 2019
4440:by the British civil servant
4295:During the 17th century, the
4228:. Seven have belonged to the
3335:Other society-related topics:
1026:UpamÄį¹a (comparison, analogy)
7492:James G. Lochtefeld (2008).
7337:The Journal of Asian Studies
7124:, pp. 698ā699, 702ā703.
6770:Jha, Monica (23 June 2020).
6428:Matthew James Clark (2006).
6324:The Journal of Asian Studies
6171:The Journal of Asian Studies
5914:Amrit: Nectar of Immortality
5682:at a Kumbh procession (1998)
4823:Chaitra Amavasya (new moon)
4700:
4598:2019 Ardh Kumbh at Prayagraj
4258:. Steel engraving, c. 1850s.
4156:Prayag (in modern Prayagraj)
3949:, such as in section 1.7 of
3831:
3446:Hinduism and other religions
2243:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati
7:
6896:. Oxford University Press.
6466:. IAHS: 165. Archived from
6455:K. Shadananan Nair (2004).
6019:
5861:A sadhu at Maha Kumbh, 2013
4556:Imperial Gazetteer of India
4542:Rising attendance and scale
3732:largest peaceful gatherings
3191:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram
3163:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
891:Arishadvargas (six enemies)
835:Antaįø„karaį¹a (mental organs)
830:SÅ«kį¹£ma ÅarÄ«ra (subtle body)
10:
9897:
9881:COVID-19 pandemic in India
9057:10.1177/002182867300400102
7066:. SUNY Press. p. 36.
6141:Kumbh Mela: Hindu festival
5852:
5665:
5662:for the Nasik Kumbh mela.
5660:Center for Disease Control
4643:river transport management
4028:Exceedingly old pilgrimage
3929:
3899:(3rd to 10th-century CE).
3747:Etymology and nomenclature
3067:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
1747:Gurus, sants, philosophers
1683:Akshar Purushottam Darshan
871:Uparati (self-settledness)
9796:
9765:
9740:
9712:Shravana Putrada Ekadashi
9609:
9483:
9373:
9308:
9237:
9119:New Delhi: Niyogi Books.
8795:30 September 2019 at the
8697:India: A Sacred Geography
8560:30 September 2019 at the
8281:. Routledge. p. 29.
7935:James Lochtefeld (2010).
7905:Nityananda Misra (2019).
7703:Thomas Hardwicke (1801).
7646:James Lochtefeld (2009).
7602:. In David Ludden (ed.).
7598:William R. Pinch (1996).
7168:India: A Sacred Geography
7022:: 84ā85, context: 81ā179.
6987:Nityananda Misra (2019).
6973:Mel, Melaka, Melana, MelÄ
6949:New York University Press
6941:Nicholas Campion (2012).
6893:The Rigveda: 3-Volume Set
6855:Nityananda Misra (2019).
6604:. Routledge. p. 29.
6507:India: A Sacred Geography
6365:Monika Horstmann (2009).
6218:India: A Sacred Geography
5972:feature film directed by
4465:, Sikh rulers and Muslim
4097:(c. 1590 CE). The latter
3690:Hindu luni-solar calendar
2233:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati
886:Samadhana (concentration)
750:Three paths to liberation
257:Tribal religions in India
242:Historical Vedic religion
237:Indus Valley Civilisation
155:
147:
142:
132:
122:
114:
104:
93:
88:
61:
53:
43:
28:
23:
9841:Tourism in Uttar Pradesh
9541:Kashmiri Hindu festivals
8107:, 1909, v. 13, pp. 52ā53
8051:, pp. 74ā77, 95ā98.
7542:. Vol. 1. pp.
7208:Ariel Glucklich (2008).
7092:Ariel Glucklich (2008).
6677:The Maha Kumbh Mela 2001
6055:
5900:(2004) by Nadeem Uddin,
4742:
4665:
4528:Banaras Hindu University
4442:Robert Montgomery Martin
4317:copper plate inscription
4278:have roots in the Hindu
4109:. The late 16th-century
3683:Indian Rebellion of 1857
1062:, sacrifice, and charity
24:Kumbh Mela / Kumbha Mela
9861:Religion in Uttarakhand
9677:Pausha Putrada Ekadashi
9072:Pingree, David (1981).
7972:Traian Penciuc (2014),
7676:Hari Ram Gupta (2001).
6704:7 December 2017 at the
5990:(2015) was shot in the
5965:Amrita Kumbher Sandhane
5955:visiting the festival.
5934:CBS News Sunday Morning
5671:Bathing and processions
4491:Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi
4371:Significance and impact
4367:(protection of faith).
4264:East India Company rule
4254:by the English painter
3880:avatar, others stating
3777:, verse 19.53.3 of the
3727:EncyclopƦdia Britannica
3240:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2453:Timeline of Hindu texts
2358:Siddharameshwar Maharaj
1386:Pumsavana Simantonayana
1041:Åabda (word, testimony)
279:Epic-Puranic chronology
247:Dravidian folk religion
9866:Tourism in Uttarakhand
8745:. ANI. 14 January 2019
8579:The New Indian Express
7256:No Full Stops in India
6434:. Brill. p. 294.
6100:"king of pilgrimages")
6034:ā the Tamil Kumbh Mela
5902:Invocation, Kumbh Mela
5862:
5782:
5691:
5683:
4731:of pilgrims ā include
4727:
4712:
4711:Kumbh Mela at Haridwar
4653:to help the visitors.
4586:
4551:
4477:
4259:
4185:
4066:
4041:
3861:
3828:
3820:
3554:
3205:Eighteen Greater Texts
2834:Brahma Vaivarta Purana
2263:Krishnananda Saraswati
1502:Vijayadashami-Dussehra
1016:Pratyakį¹£a (perception)
876:Titiksha (forbearance)
8555:Special Bathing Dates
8400:Sikh Shrines in India
8398:G. S. Randhir, 2016,
8372:J. S. Mishra (2004).
8021:. BBC. 14 April 2010.
7604:Contesting the Nation
7165:Diana L. Eck (2013).
6504:Diana L. Eck (2012).
6215:Diana L. Eck (2012).
5876:Kings with Straw Mats
5860:
5813:religious discussions
5775:
5689:
5678:
4943:Past and future years
4905:Devotthayan Ekadashi
4718:
4710:
4584:
4549:
4536:Vishva Hindu Parishad
4475:
4250:
4175:
4064:
4025:
3851:
3826:
3804:
3552:
3321:Varna-related topics:
3212:Eighteen Lesser Texts
2785:Devi Bhagavata Purana
1676:Svabhavika Bhedabheda
1662:Achintya Bheda Abheda
1594:Philosophical schools
896:Ahamkara (attachment)
856:Vairagya (dispassion)
784:Mokį¹£a-related topics:
9167:at Wikimedia Commons
9101:. Springer Science.
9010:Krishnaswamy, C.S.;
7472:. Kinnera. pp.
7378:Ludo Rocher (1986).
7193:History of Religions
6951:. pp. 110ā111.
6731:. 10 February 2013.
5929:Inside the Mahakumbh
4902:Bhadrapada Amavasya
4690:Prayagraj Kumbh Mela
4639:disease surveillance
4232:tradition, three to
4144:Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh
4138:Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh
4129:(1695ā1699 CE), and
4126:Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh
3635:rivers confluence),
3453:Hinduism and Jainism
2383:Vethathiri Maharishi
2288:Nisargadatta Maharaj
851:Viveka (discernment)
226:(500/200 BCEā300 CE)
137:Asia and the Pacific
9697:Sankashti Chaturthi
9682:Prabodhini Ekadashi
9455:Sajibu Nongma Panba
9275:Krishna Janmashtami
9049:1973JHA.....4....1P
8877:on 20 December 2018
8624:, pp. 228ā229.
8124:, pp. 185ā186.
8090:, pp. 212ā213.
7773:S.P. Dubey (2001).
7741:, pp. 226ā227.
7709:. pp. 314ā319.
7252:Mark Tully (1992).
7033:Prayaagasnaanavidhi
6931:, pp. 719ā721.
6667:, pp. 225ā226.
5921:National Geographic
5892:(2004) directed by
5878:(1998) directed by
5647:Bhule-Bhatke Kendra
4896:(AugustāSeptember)
4857:(JanuaryāFebruary)
4789:First bathing date
4438:Haridwar Kumbh Mela
4252:Haridwar Kumbh Mela
3941:(supplement to the
3511:Hinduism portal
3390:Hinduism by country
3226:Iraiyanar Akapporul
3170:TirumurukÄį¹į¹uppaį¹ai
2253:Dayananda Saraswati
2238:Bhaktivinoda Thakur
2144:Sripada Srivallabha
2084:Raghunatha Siromani
2049:Narasimha Saraswati
1949:Santadas Kathiababa
1021:AnumÄį¹a (inference)
151:2017 (12th session)
143:Inscription history
9743:Balinese festivals
9722:Varuthini Ekadashi
9717:Vaikuntha Ekadashi
9662:Naraka Chaturdashi
9632:Ananta Chaturdashi
8924:. 15 January 2010.
8770:The Times of India
8423:on 29 October 2019
7469:India of Aurangzib
6712:, 7 December 2017.
6006:, in the lines of
5863:
5823:devotional singing
5783:
5692:
5684:
4728:
4713:
4587:
4552:
4478:
4330:s and Vaishnavite
4260:
4186:
4075:East India Company
4067:
3995:Kama MacLean ā an
3862:
3854:Prayag Snana Vidhi
3852:The first page of
3829:
3821:
3555:
3405:Caribbean Shaktism
3124:Kanakadhara Stotra
2373:U. G. Krishnamurti
2353:Satyadhyana Tirtha
1944:Gangesha Upadhyaya
1602:Six Astika schools
846:Änanda (happiness)
825:AnÄtman (non-self)
57:Every twelve years
9871:Culture of Ujjain
9818:
9817:
9556:Mahalakshmi Vrata
9400:Chaitra Navaratri
9311:Harvest festivals
9163:Media related to
9108:978-0-7923-5556-4
9078:Otto Harrassowitz
9043:(1). SAGE: 1ā12.
9012:Ghosh, Amalananda
9002:978-0-19-533894-2
8707:978-0-385-53192-4
8677:978-0-19-870260-3
8647:978-0-674-66766-2
8581:. 30 January 2010
8385:978-81-241-0993-9
8332:978-1-901502-57-2
8304:, pp. 43ā44.
8288:978-1-134-07459-4
8252:. 2 January 2007.
8167:. 26 January 2001
8146:978-1-934145-27-2
8074:978-0-19-908954-3
7982:978-606-93691-3-5
7948:978-0-19-974158-8
7918:978-93-88414-12-8
7865:978-1-134-04259-3
7835:The Indian Empire
7801:, pp. 92ā94.
7779:. CCRT. pp.
7776:Kumbh City Prayag
7722:, pp. 57ā58.
7689:978-81-215-0165-1
7632:978-0-8160-7564-5
7581:978-1-134-07459-4
7450:, pp. 90ā91.
7423:978-1-134-07459-4
7391:978-3-447-02522-5
7298:978-1-4522-6656-5
7271:978-0-14-192775-6
7221:978-0-19-971825-2
7178:978-0-385-53192-4
7105:978-0-19-971825-2
7073:978-0-88706-773-0
7050:, pp. 88ā89.
7000:978-93-88414-12-8
6958:978-0-8147-0842-2
6929:Yukio Ohashi 1999
6903:978-0-19-972078-1
6868:978-93-88414-12-8
6802:, 4 February 2019
6679:indianembassy.org
6651:978-1-4798-4869-0
6611:978-1-134-07459-4
6584:978-90-04-23200-6
6517:978-0-385-53190-0
6441:978-90-04-15211-3
6414:978-1-134-07459-4
6378:978-3-447-05723-3
6268:, pp. 55ā56.
6228:978-0-385-53190-0
6013:Waiting for Godot
5992:Prayag Kumbh Mela
5980:Ashish Avikunthak
5637:
5636:
4940:
4939:
4933:Chaitra Amavasya
4416:Yadgar-i-Bahaduri
4407:commercial events
4150:; a mela held at
4081:The 16th-century
3969:Tirthayatra Parva
3724:According to the
3547:
3546:
3398:Balinese Hinduism
2897:Markandeya Purana
2134:Satyanatha Tirtha
2089:Raghuttama Tirtha
2079:Raghavendra Swami
1919:Ramdas Kathiababa
1000:Sources of dharma
866:Dama (temperance)
861:Sama (equanimity)
227:
165:
164:
84:
83:
36:Prayag Kumbh Mela
9888:
9809:
9804:
9803:
9744:
9707:Shayani Ekadashi
9672:Nirjala Ekadashi
9637:Ashadhi Ekadashi
9622:Amalaka Ekadashi
9377:
9312:
9265:Ganesh Chaturthi
9231:
9227:
9217:
9210:
9203:
9194:
9193:
9176:
9175:
9173:Official website
9162:
9112:
9091:
9068:
9031:
9006:
8985:
8976:Kane, P. V.
8962:
8961:
8960:. 17 March 2017.
8950:
8944:
8943:
8936:"Eyes Wide Open"
8932:
8926:
8925:
8914:
8908:
8907:
8905:
8903:
8893:
8887:
8886:
8884:
8882:
8873:. Archived from
8866:
8860:
8859:
8843:
8837:
8836:
8829:
8823:
8822:
8806:
8800:
8787:
8781:
8780:
8778:
8776:
8761:
8755:
8754:
8752:
8750:
8735:
8729:
8723:
8712:
8711:
8688:
8682:
8681:
8661:
8652:
8651:
8631:
8625:
8619:
8604:
8597:
8591:
8590:
8588:
8586:
8571:
8565:
8552:
8543:
8537:
8531:
8530:
8520:
8510:
8486:
8473:
8472:
8470:
8468:
8453:
8447:
8446:
8440:
8432:
8430:
8428:
8419:. Archived from
8412:
8403:
8396:
8390:
8389:
8369:
8363:
8362:
8360:
8358:
8343:
8337:
8336:
8316:
8305:
8299:
8293:
8292:
8272:
8266:
8260:
8254:
8253:
8250:Associated Press
8238:
8232:
8231:
8229:
8227:
8212:
8206:
8205:
8203:
8201:
8186:
8177:
8176:
8174:
8172:
8157:
8151:
8150:
8131:
8125:
8119:
8108:
8097:
8091:
8085:
8079:
8078:
8058:
8052:
8046:
8035:
8029:
8023:
8022:
8015:
8009:
8003:
7997:
7991:
7985:
7969:
7959:
7953:
7952:
7932:
7923:
7922:
7902:
7896:
7895:
7893:
7891:
7885:
7876:
7870:
7869:
7849:
7840:
7839:
7829:
7823:
7822:
7808:
7802:
7796:
7785:
7784:
7770:
7759:
7753:
7742:
7736:
7723:
7717:
7711:
7710:
7700:
7694:
7693:
7673:
7664:
7663:
7643:
7634:
7624:
7618:
7617:
7595:
7586:
7585:
7565:
7548:
7547:
7533:
7527:
7521:
7512:
7511:
7489:
7478:
7477:
7460:
7451:
7445:
7428:
7427:
7407:
7396:
7395:
7375:
7369:
7368:
7332:
7326:
7325:
7309:
7303:
7302:
7282:
7276:
7275:
7259:
7249:
7243:
7242:
7232:
7226:
7225:
7205:
7196:
7189:
7183:
7182:
7162:
7156:
7155:
7131:
7125:
7119:
7110:
7109:
7089:
7078:
7077:
7057:
7051:
7045:
7036:
7030:
7024:
7023:
7011:
7005:
7004:
6984:
6975:
6969:
6963:
6962:
6938:
6932:
6926:
6920:
6914:
6908:
6907:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6852:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6832:
6817:
6811:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6790:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6779:
6767:
6761:
6760:
6746:
6737:
6736:
6719:
6713:
6696:
6690:
6686:
6680:
6674:
6668:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6635:
6616:
6615:
6595:
6589:
6588:
6568:
6562:
6555:
6546:
6539:
6533:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6501:
6495:
6489:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6473:on 2 August 2020
6472:
6461:
6452:
6446:
6445:
6425:
6419:
6418:
6398:
6383:
6382:
6362:
6356:
6355:
6319:
6313:
6312:
6284:
6269:
6263:
6252:
6250:
6242:
6233:
6232:
6212:
6203:
6202:
6166:
6149:
6148:
6136:
6110:
6107:
6101:
6094:
6088:
6085:
6079:
6076:
6070:
6066:
5988:Kalkimanthakatha
5508:Ardh Kumbh Mela
5469:Ardh Kumbh Mela
5346:Ardh Kumbh Mela
5307:Ardh Kumbh Mela
5264:Maha Kumbh Mela
5184:Ardh Kumbh Mela
5144:Ardh Kumbh Mela
5035:Ardh Kumbh Mela
4967:Trimbak (Nashik)
4950:
4949:
4936:Vaisakh Purnima
4930:Chaitra Purnima
4899:Simha sankranti
4885:Jupiter in Leo;
4866:Vasant Panchami
4860:Makar Sankranti
4817:(JanuaryāApril)
4774:
4773:
4612:
4608:
4606:
4419:written in 1834
4392:
4383:
4112:Tabaqat-i-Akbari
4048:
4005:Prayaga Mahatmya
3973:Anushasana Parva
3838:Samudra Manthana
3816:Samudra Manthana
3611:and festival in
3606:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3469:and Christianity
3439:Pilgrimage sites
3369:Reform movements
3247:Vinayagar Agaval
3198:Five Great Epics
3147:Tamil literature
3046:Sushruta Samhita
2841:Bhavishya Purana
2827:Brahmanda Purana
2778:Bhagavata Purana
2706:Other scriptures
2268:Mahavatar Babaji
1843:Satyakama Jabala
1514:Ganesh Chaturthi
1368:Rites of passage
881:Shraddha (faith)
299:Major traditions
225:
190:
167:
166:
86:
85:
33:
21:
20:
9896:
9895:
9891:
9890:
9889:
9887:
9886:
9885:
9876:Hindu festivals
9821:
9820:
9819:
9814:
9808:Hindu festivals
9807:
9792:
9761:
9742:
9736:
9727:Vasant Panchami
9647:Kamada Ekadashi
9617:Akshaya Tritiya
9605:
9601:Vaikasi Visakam
9566:Panguni Uthiram
9531:Karthika Deepam
9521:Hanuman Jayanti
9484:Other festivals
9479:
9445:Pahela Baishakh
9415:Mesha Sankranti
9376:New year's days
9375:
9369:
9340:Makar Sankranti
9335:Maghe Sankranti
9310:
9304:
9280:Maha Shivaratri
9238:Major festivals
9233:
9229:
9221:
9190:
9171:
9170:
9155:
9109:
9088:
9003:
8971:
8966:
8965:
8952:
8951:
8947:
8942:. 29 July 2015.
8934:
8933:
8929:
8916:
8915:
8911:
8901:
8899:
8895:
8894:
8890:
8880:
8878:
8867:
8863:
8844:
8840:
8831:
8830:
8826:
8807:
8803:
8797:Wayback Machine
8788:
8784:
8774:
8772:
8762:
8758:
8748:
8746:
8737:
8736:
8732:
8724:
8715:
8708:
8689:
8685:
8678:
8662:
8655:
8648:
8632:
8628:
8620:
8607:
8598:
8594:
8584:
8582:
8573:
8572:
8568:
8562:Wayback Machine
8553:
8546:
8538:
8534:
8487:
8476:
8466:
8464:
8454:
8450:
8434:
8433:
8426:
8424:
8413:
8406:
8397:
8393:
8386:
8370:
8366:
8356:
8354:
8345:
8344:
8340:
8333:
8317:
8308:
8300:
8296:
8289:
8273:
8269:
8261:
8257:
8246:Hindustan Times
8240:
8239:
8235:
8225:
8223:
8213:
8209:
8199:
8197:
8187:
8180:
8170:
8168:
8159:
8158:
8154:
8147:
8133:
8132:
8128:
8120:
8111:
8098:
8094:
8086:
8082:
8075:
8059:
8055:
8047:
8038:
8030:
8026:
8017:
8016:
8012:
8004:
8000:
7992:
7988:
7971:
7960:
7956:
7949:
7933:
7926:
7919:
7903:
7899:
7889:
7887:
7883:
7877:
7873:
7866:
7850:
7843:
7830:
7826:
7809:
7805:
7797:
7788:
7771:
7762:
7754:
7745:
7737:
7726:
7718:
7714:
7701:
7697:
7690:
7674:
7667:
7660:
7644:
7637:
7625:
7621:
7614:
7596:
7589:
7582:
7566:
7551:
7534:
7530:
7522:
7515:
7508:
7490:
7481:
7464:Jadunath Sarkar
7461:
7454:
7446:
7431:
7424:
7408:
7399:
7392:
7376:
7372:
7349:10.2307/3591863
7333:
7329:
7310:
7306:
7299:
7283:
7279:
7272:
7250:
7246:
7233:
7229:
7222:
7206:
7199:
7190:
7186:
7179:
7163:
7159:
7152:
7132:
7128:
7120:
7113:
7106:
7090:
7081:
7074:
7058:
7054:
7046:
7039:
7031:
7027:
7012:
7008:
7001:
6985:
6978:
6970:
6966:
6959:
6939:
6935:
6927:
6923:
6919:, pp. 2ā3.
6915:
6911:
6904:
6882:Rigveda 10.89.7
6880:
6876:
6869:
6853:
6840:
6830:
6828:
6825:Hindustan Times
6819:
6818:
6814:
6805:
6803:
6792:
6791:
6787:
6777:
6775:
6774:. Rest of World
6768:
6764:
6747:
6740:
6721:
6720:
6716:
6706:Wayback Machine
6697:
6693:
6687:
6683:
6675:
6671:
6663:
6659:
6652:
6636:
6619:
6612:
6596:
6592:
6585:
6569:
6565:
6556:
6549:
6540:
6536:
6529:
6525:
6518:
6502:
6498:
6490:
6486:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6459:
6453:
6449:
6442:
6426:
6422:
6415:
6399:
6386:
6379:
6363:
6359:
6336:10.2307/3591863
6320:
6316:
6285:
6272:
6264:
6255:
6243:
6236:
6229:
6213:
6206:
6183:10.2307/3591863
6167:
6152:
6138:
6137:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6104:
6095:
6091:
6086:
6082:
6077:
6073:
6067:
6063:
6058:
6022:
5953:Karl Pilkington
5948:An Idiot Abroad
5872:
5855:
5770:
5673:
5668:
5642:
4945:
4826:Mesh Sankranti
4786:Season, months
4745:
4703:
4694:Yogi Adityanath
4668:
4663:
4623:Indian Railways
4610:
4609:(equivalent to
4602:
4601:
4544:
4519:
4487:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4385:
4384:
4373:
4256:J. M. W. Turner
4214:
4135:(1759 CE). The
4071:James Mallinson
4050:
4043:
4030:
4023:
3952:Majjhima Nikaya
3932:
3924:Prayag Mahatmya
3834:
3771:, verse 6.3 of
3749:
3586:
3569:
3565:
3543:
3505:
3503:
3484:
3483:
3477:
3447:
3413:
3392:
3384:
3374:
3373:
3336:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3252:
3149:
3117:
3039:Charaka Samhita
3018:VaiÅeį¹£ika SÅ«tra
2976:Shilpa Shastras
2955:
2908:
2792:Naradiya Purana
2764:
2759:
2734:
2708:
2667:
2531:
2463:
2447:
2416:
2408:
2398:
2397:
2343:Shirdi Sai Baba
2338:Sathya Sai Baba
2318:Ramana Maharshi
2222:
2189:Vadiraja Tirtha
2184:VÄcaspati MiÅra
2064:Srinivasacharya
2044:Narahari Tirtha
2024:Matsyendranatha
2009:KumÄrila Bhaį¹į¹a
1974:Jagannatha Dasa
1964:Haridasa Thakur
1878:
1757:
1749:
1739:
1738:
1694:
1655:Vishishtadvaita
1604:
1596:
1586:
1585:
1539:Makar Sankranti
1519:Vasant Panchami
1482:Maha Shivaratri
1466:
1370:
1279:
1213:
1182:
1063:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1010:
904:
841:PrajƱa (wisdom)
837:
814:
778:
752:
721:
690:
688:Meaning of life
675:God in Hinduism
664:
628:
626:Supreme reality
603:Subtle elements
592:
573:
567:
557:
556:
412:
381:
355:
347:
337:
336:
333:
300:
294:
284:
283:
228:
223:Hindu synthesis
219:
214:
100:
65:Alternately in
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9894:
9884:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9836:Fairs in India
9833:
9816:
9815:
9813:
9812:
9797:
9794:
9793:
9791:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9769:
9767:
9763:
9762:
9760:
9759:
9754:
9748:
9746:
9738:
9737:
9735:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9702:Sharad Purnima
9699:
9694:
9692:Rishi Panchami
9689:
9684:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9667:Narali Purnima
9664:
9659:
9654:
9652:Kartik Purnima
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9613:
9611:
9607:
9606:
9604:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9578:
9576:Raksha Bandhan
9573:
9568:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9487:
9485:
9481:
9480:
9478:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9440:Pana Sankranti
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9381:
9379:
9371:
9370:
9368:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9316:
9314:
9306:
9305:
9303:
9302:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9241:
9239:
9235:
9234:
9220:
9219:
9212:
9205:
9197:
9188:
9187:
9177:
9168:
9154:
9153:External links
9151:
9150:
9149:
9138:
9127:
9113:
9107:
9092:
9087:978-3447021654
9086:
9069:
9032:
9022:(4): 697ā706.
9007:
9001:
8986:
8984:. Vol. 4.
8970:
8967:
8964:
8963:
8958:Times of India
8945:
8940:Indian Express
8927:
8909:
8888:
8861:
8838:
8824:
8801:
8782:
8756:
8730:
8728:, p. 229.
8713:
8706:
8683:
8676:
8653:
8646:
8626:
8605:
8592:
8566:
8544:
8532:
8474:
8456:Pioneer, The.
8448:
8404:
8391:
8384:
8364:
8338:
8331:
8306:
8294:
8287:
8267:
8255:
8233:
8207:
8178:
8152:
8145:
8126:
8109:
8092:
8080:
8073:
8053:
8036:
8034:, p. 132.
8024:
8010:
7998:
7986:
7954:
7947:
7924:
7917:
7897:
7871:
7864:
7841:
7824:
7803:
7786:
7760:
7758:, p. 226.
7743:
7724:
7712:
7695:
7688:
7665:
7658:
7635:
7619:
7612:
7587:
7580:
7549:
7528:
7513:
7506:
7479:
7452:
7429:
7422:
7397:
7390:
7370:
7327:
7304:
7297:
7277:
7270:
7244:
7227:
7220:
7197:
7184:
7177:
7157:
7151:978-0861710720
7150:
7126:
7111:
7104:
7079:
7072:
7052:
7037:
7025:
7006:
6999:
6976:
6964:
6957:
6933:
6921:
6909:
6902:
6874:
6867:
6838:
6812:
6799:Times of India
6785:
6762:
6738:
6714:
6710:Economic Times
6691:
6681:
6669:
6657:
6650:
6617:
6610:
6590:
6583:
6563:
6547:
6534:
6523:
6516:
6496:
6494:, p. 102.
6484:
6447:
6440:
6420:
6413:
6384:
6377:
6357:
6330:(3): 877ā879.
6314:
6295:(3): 319ā341.
6270:
6253:
6234:
6227:
6204:
6177:(3): 873ā905.
6150:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6102:
6089:
6080:
6071:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6041:
6035:
6029:
6021:
6018:
6008:Samuel Beckett
5925:Inside Nirvana
5871:
5868:
5854:
5851:
5769:
5766:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5314:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5151:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4921:
4918:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4897:
4890:
4883:
4878:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:Magh Amavasya
4861:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4811:
4808:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4744:
4741:
4726:River, c. 1991
4702:
4699:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4607:42,000 million
4576:mauni amavasya
4543:
4540:
4518:
4515:
4486:
4483:
4397:
4396:
4387:
4386:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4213:
4210:
4167:Singhasth mela
4132:Chahar Gulshan
4084:Ramcharitmanas
4045:Maclean (2008)
4024:
4022:
4019:
3931:
3928:
3833:
3830:
3748:
3745:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3475:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3342:Discrimination
3338:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3233:Abirami Antati
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3119:
3118:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3081:Ramcharitmanas
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3032:Pramana Sutras
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3004:Mimamsa Sutras
3000:
2997:Samkhya Sutras
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2962:Dharma Shastra
2957:
2956:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2718:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2637:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2596:Shvetashvatara
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2568:Brihadaranyaka
2563:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2548:
2540:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2378:Upasni Maharaj
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2204:Vedanta Desika
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2124:Samarth Ramdas
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2074:Purandara Dasa
2071:
2066:
2061:
2059:Nimbarkacharya
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:Jayanta Bhatta
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1509:Raksha Bandhan
1506:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1391:Simantonnayana
1388:
1383:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1340:Carnatic music
1337:
1332:
1327:
1325:Bhagavata Mela
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:Kundalini yoga
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
906:
905:
902:
899:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
832:
827:
822:
816:
815:
812:
809:
808:
803:
798:
793:
787:
786:
780:
779:
774:
771:
770:
765:
760:
754:
753:
748:
745:
744:
739:
734:
729:
723:
722:
719:Stages of life
717:
714:
713:
708:
703:
698:
692:
691:
686:
683:
682:
680:God and gender
677:
672:
666:
665:
662:
659:
658:
653:
648:
647:
646:
641:
630:
629:
624:
621:
620:
615:
613:Gross elements
610:
605:
600:
594:
593:
590:
587:
586:
581:
575:
574:
571:
568:
563:
562:
559:
558:
555:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
488:
487:
481:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
424:
423:
414:
413:
403:
400:
399:
394:
389:
383:
382:
377:
374:
373:
368:
363:
357:
356:
351:
348:
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
334:
327:
324:
323:
318:
313:
308:
302:
301:
298:
295:
290:
289:
286:
285:
282:
281:
276:
271:
269:Itihasa-Purana
260:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
215:
212:
211:
208:
207:
206:
205:
200:
192:
191:
183:
182:
176:
175:
163:
162:
161:Representative
159:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
94:
91:
90:
82:
81:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
40:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9893:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9828:
9826:
9811:
9810:
9799:
9798:
9795:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9770:
9768:
9764:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9749:
9747:
9745:
9739:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9657:Naga Panchami
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9614:
9612:
9608:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9596:Tulasi Vivaha
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9586:Savitri Vrata
9584:
9582:
9579:
9577:
9574:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9501:Datta Jayanti
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9488:
9486:
9482:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9385:Balipratipada
9383:
9382:
9380:
9378:
9372:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9345:Makaravilakku
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9317:
9315:
9313:
9307:
9301:
9300:Vijayadashami
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9242:
9240:
9236:
9232:
9226:
9218:
9213:
9211:
9206:
9204:
9199:
9198:
9195:
9191:
9186:
9183:
9182:
9178:
9174:
9169:
9166:
9161:
9157:
9156:
9147:
9146:9788177696714
9143:
9139:
9136:
9135:9788177698053
9132:
9128:
9126:
9125:9789385285073
9122:
9118:
9114:
9110:
9104:
9100:
9099:
9093:
9089:
9083:
9079:
9075:
9070:
9066:
9062:
9058:
9054:
9050:
9046:
9042:
9038:
9033:
9029:
9025:
9021:
9017:
9013:
9008:
9004:
8998:
8994:
8993:
8987:
8983:
8982:
8977:
8973:
8972:
8959:
8955:
8949:
8941:
8937:
8931:
8923:
8919:
8913:
8898:
8892:
8876:
8872:
8865:
8858:
8853:
8849:
8848:
8842:
8835:. Mela Films.
8834:
8828:
8821:
8816:
8812:
8811:
8805:
8798:
8794:
8791:
8786:
8771:
8767:
8760:
8744:
8740:
8734:
8727:
8722:
8720:
8718:
8709:
8703:
8699:
8698:
8693:
8687:
8679:
8673:
8669:
8668:
8660:
8658:
8649:
8643:
8639:
8638:
8630:
8623:
8618:
8616:
8614:
8612:
8610:
8602:
8596:
8580:
8576:
8570:
8563:
8559:
8556:
8551:
8549:
8541:
8536:
8528:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8500:
8496:
8495:PLOS Currents
8492:
8485:
8483:
8481:
8479:
8463:
8459:
8452:
8444:
8438:
8422:
8418:
8411:
8409:
8401:
8395:
8387:
8381:
8377:
8376:
8368:
8352:
8348:
8342:
8334:
8328:
8324:
8323:
8315:
8313:
8311:
8303:
8298:
8290:
8284:
8280:
8279:
8271:
8264:
8259:
8251:
8247:
8243:
8237:
8222:
8218:
8211:
8196:
8195:New Scientist
8192:
8185:
8183:
8166:
8162:
8156:
8148:
8142:
8138:
8137:
8130:
8123:
8118:
8116:
8114:
8106:
8105:
8101:
8096:
8089:
8084:
8076:
8070:
8066:
8065:
8057:
8050:
8045:
8043:
8041:
8033:
8028:
8020:
8014:
8007:
8002:
7996:, p. 61.
7995:
7990:
7983:
7979:
7975:
7967:
7966:
7958:
7950:
7944:
7940:
7939:
7931:
7929:
7920:
7914:
7910:
7909:
7901:
7882:
7879:R. Dasgupta.
7875:
7867:
7861:
7857:
7856:
7848:
7846:
7837:
7836:
7828:
7820:
7816:
7815:
7807:
7800:
7795:
7793:
7791:
7782:
7778:
7777:
7769:
7767:
7765:
7757:
7752:
7750:
7748:
7740:
7735:
7733:
7731:
7729:
7721:
7716:
7708:
7707:
7699:
7691:
7685:
7681:
7680:
7672:
7670:
7661:
7659:9780199741588
7655:
7651:
7650:
7642:
7640:
7633:
7629:
7623:
7615:
7613:9780812215854
7609:
7605:
7601:
7594:
7592:
7583:
7577:
7573:
7572:
7564:
7562:
7560:
7558:
7556:
7554:
7545:
7541:
7540:
7532:
7526:, p. 89.
7525:
7520:
7518:
7509:
7507:9781134074594
7503:
7499:
7495:
7488:
7486:
7484:
7475:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7459:
7457:
7449:
7444:
7442:
7440:
7438:
7436:
7434:
7425:
7419:
7415:
7414:
7406:
7404:
7402:
7393:
7387:
7383:
7382:
7374:
7366:
7362:
7358:
7354:
7350:
7346:
7342:
7338:
7331:
7324:(1): 174ā175.
7323:
7319:
7315:
7308:
7300:
7294:
7290:
7289:
7281:
7273:
7267:
7263:
7258:
7257:
7248:
7240:
7239:
7231:
7223:
7217:
7213:
7212:
7204:
7202:
7194:
7188:
7180:
7174:
7170:
7169:
7161:
7153:
7147:
7143:
7139:
7138:
7130:
7123:
7118:
7116:
7107:
7101:
7097:
7096:
7088:
7086:
7084:
7075:
7069:
7065:
7064:
7056:
7049:
7044:
7042:
7034:
7029:
7021:
7017:
7010:
7002:
6996:
6992:
6991:
6983:
6981:
6974:
6968:
6960:
6954:
6950:
6946:
6945:
6937:
6930:
6925:
6918:
6913:
6905:
6899:
6895:
6894:
6887:
6886:Yajurveda 6.3
6883:
6878:
6870:
6864:
6860:
6859:
6851:
6849:
6847:
6845:
6843:
6827:. 21 May 2019
6826:
6822:
6816:
6801:
6800:
6795:
6789:
6773:
6766:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6745:
6743:
6734:
6730:
6729:
6724:
6718:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6700:
6695:
6685:
6678:
6673:
6666:
6661:
6653:
6647:
6643:
6642:
6634:
6632:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6613:
6607:
6603:
6602:
6594:
6586:
6580:
6576:
6575:
6567:
6560:
6554:
6552:
6544:
6538:
6532:
6527:
6519:
6513:
6509:
6508:
6500:
6493:
6488:
6469:
6465:
6458:
6451:
6443:
6437:
6433:
6432:
6424:
6416:
6410:
6406:
6405:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6389:
6380:
6374:
6370:
6369:
6361:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6318:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6289:CrossCurrents
6283:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6267:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6248:
6241:
6239:
6230:
6224:
6220:
6219:
6211:
6209:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6172:
6165:
6163:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6155:
6147:
6143:
6142:
6135:
6133:
6131:
6129:
6127:
6122:
6106:
6099:
6093:
6084:
6075:
6065:
6061:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6039:
6036:
6033:
6030:
6027:
6026:Barahakshetra
6024:
6023:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5867:
5859:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5794:
5792:
5788:
5781:
5780:
5774:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5688:
5681:
5677:
5663:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5648:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4725:
4724:Dakshin Ganga
4721:
4717:
4709:
4705:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4688:For the 2019
4683:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4658:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4605:
4599:
4594:
4592:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4548:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4482:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4446:horse traders
4443:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4425:Lord Auckland
4422:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4391:
4382:
4368:
4366:
4365:dharma-raksha
4358:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4343:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4209:
4206:
4205:Ranoji Shinde
4202:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4183:
4179:
4178:Ashoka pillar
4174:
4170:
4168:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4069:According to
4063:
4059:
4056:
4049:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4029:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4014:Matsya Purana
4010:
4006:
4001:
3998:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3977:Manasa-tirtha
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3914:and mythical
3913:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3839:
3825:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3809:) containing
3808:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3607:) is a major
3604:
3563:
3559:
3551:
3540:
3535:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3412:Hindu culture
3410:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3378:
3377:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:Organisations
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3088:Yoga Vasistha
3085:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3053:Natya Shastra
3050:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2990:Brahma Sutras
2987:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:Sthapatyaveda
2933:
2931:
2930:
2929:Gandharvaveda
2926:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2890:Varaha Purana
2887:
2885:
2884:
2883:Skanda Purana
2880:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2820:Brahma Purana
2817:
2815:
2814:
2813:Garuda Purana
2810:
2808:
2807:
2806:Matsya Purana
2803:
2801:
2800:
2799:VÄmana Purana
2796:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2771:Vishnu Purana
2768:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2715:Bhagavad Gita
2712:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Radhakrishnan
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:Narayana Guru
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2258:Jaggi Vasudev
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:Chinmayananda
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:Ramprasad Sen
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:Gorakshanatha
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1899:Allama Prabhu
1897:
1895:
1894:Akka Mahadevi
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Abhinavagupta
1882:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:Prashastapada
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1693:Other schools
1691:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1669:Shuddhadvaita
1666:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:Kalaripayattu
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1285:Bharatanatyam
1283:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1164:Nritta-Nritya
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
901:
900:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
811:
810:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
785:
782:
781:
777:
773:
772:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
755:
751:
747:
746:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
720:
716:
715:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
693:
689:
685:
684:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
661:
660:
657:
654:
652:
649:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
635:
632:
631:
627:
623:
622:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
589:
588:
585:
582:
580:
577:
576:
570:
569:
566:
561:
560:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
486:
483:
482:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
422:
420:
416:
415:
411:
407:
402:
401:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
380:
376:
375:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
354:
350:
349:
346:
341:
340:
332:
331:
326:
325:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
297:
296:
293:
288:
287:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
265:
264:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
224:
221:
220:
218:
210:
209:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
194:
193:
189:
185:
184:
181:
178:
177:
173:
169:
168:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
138:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
99:
98:
92:
87:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
19:
9805:
9788:Dakshinayana
9778:Pitru Paksha
9766:Holy periods
9642:Guru Purnima
9571:Pargat Diwas
9550:
9546:Lakshmi Puja
9536:Karva Chauth
9491:Aadi Perukku
9189:
9184:
9180:
9148:, 8177696718
9137:, 8177698052
9116:
9097:
9073:
9040:
9036:
9019:
9015:
8991:
8980:
8969:Bibliography
8957:
8948:
8939:
8930:
8921:
8912:
8900:. Retrieved
8891:
8879:. Retrieved
8875:the original
8864:
8846:
8841:
8827:
8809:
8804:
8785:
8773:. Retrieved
8769:
8759:
8747:. Retrieved
8742:
8733:
8726:Maclean 2008
8696:
8692:Diana L. Eck
8686:
8666:
8636:
8629:
8622:Maclean 2008
8595:
8583:. Retrieved
8578:
8569:
8535:
8498:
8494:
8465:. Retrieved
8461:
8451:
8425:. Retrieved
8421:the original
8394:
8374:
8367:
8355:. Retrieved
8350:
8341:
8321:
8302:Maclean 2008
8297:
8277:
8270:
8258:
8236:
8224:. Retrieved
8220:
8210:
8198:. Retrieved
8194:
8191:"Kumbh Mela"
8169:. Retrieved
8164:
8155:
8135:
8129:
8122:Maclean 2008
8102:
8095:
8088:Maclean 2008
8083:
8063:
8056:
8049:Maclean 2008
8032:Maclean 2008
8027:
8013:
8006:Maclean 2008
8001:
7994:Maclean 2008
7989:
7973:
7964:
7957:
7937:
7907:
7900:
7888:. Retrieved
7874:
7854:
7834:
7827:
7813:
7806:
7799:Maclean 2008
7775:
7756:Maclean 2008
7739:Maclean 2008
7720:Maclean 2008
7715:
7705:
7698:
7678:
7648:
7622:
7603:
7570:
7538:
7531:
7524:Maclean 2008
7497:
7468:
7448:Maclean 2008
7412:
7380:
7373:
7340:
7336:
7330:
7321:
7317:
7307:
7287:
7280:
7255:
7247:
7237:
7230:
7210:
7192:
7187:
7167:
7160:
7136:
7129:
7094:
7062:
7055:
7048:Maclean 2008
7028:
7019:
7015:
7009:
6989:
6967:
6943:
6936:
6924:
6917:Pingree 1973
6912:
6892:
6884:Wikisource,
6877:
6857:
6829:. Retrieved
6824:
6815:
6804:, retrieved
6797:
6788:
6776:. Retrieved
6765:
6754:
6726:
6717:
6694:
6684:
6672:
6665:Maclean 2008
6660:
6640:
6600:
6593:
6573:
6566:
6545:, page 137-.
6537:
6526:
6506:
6499:
6492:Maclean 2008
6487:
6475:. Retrieved
6468:the original
6463:
6450:
6430:
6423:
6403:
6367:
6360:
6327:
6323:
6317:
6292:
6288:
6246:
6217:
6174:
6170:
6145:
6140:
6105:
6097:
6092:
6083:
6074:
6064:
6044:Pushkar Fair
6011:
5987:
5978:
5963:
5960:Hindi movies
5957:
5946:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5918:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5887:
5883:
5875:
5873:
5864:
5846:
5842:
5836:
5826:
5816:
5810:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5795:
5790:
5786:
5784:
5777:
5759:
5755:
5747:
5743:
5735:
5733:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5712:
5707:
5704:rajyogi snan
5703:
5699:
5695:
5693:
5654:
5652:
5646:
5643:
4946:
4927:(AprilāMay)
4886:
4847:
4792:Second date
4746:
4729:
4704:
4687:
4675:
4669:
4655:
4595:
4588:
4575:
4572:
4567:
4564:
4555:
4553:
4524:
4520:
4511:
4499:
4488:
4479:
4430:
4414:
4410:
4403:
4364:
4362:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4301:
4296:
4294:
4287:
4284:Adi Shankara
4279:
4275:
4271:
4261:
4251:
4221:
4217:
4215:
4198:
4187:
4166:
4164:
4143:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4118:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4094:Ain-i-Akbari
4092:
4088:
4082:
4080:
4068:
4054:
4051:
4047:, p. 91
4042:
4036:
4032:
4027:
4026:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4002:
3994:
3981:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3942:
3935:
3933:
3923:
3919:
3903:
3901:
3894:
3882:Dhanavantari
3863:
3853:
3841:
3835:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3795:
3791:
3789:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3752:
3750:
3725:
3722:
3687:
3671:
3664:Adi Shankara
3661:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3471: /
3467: /
3463: /
3459: /
3457:and Buddhism
3455: /
3419:Architecture
3382:Other topics
3320:
3303:
3275:Four varnas:
3274:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3060:Panchatantra
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3011:NyÄya SÅ«tras
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2969:Artha Åastra
2967:
2960:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2876:KÅ«rma Purana
2874:
2869:Linga Purana
2867:
2862:Shiva Purana
2860:
2853:
2848:Padma Purana
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2746:
2739:
2724:s (Hinduism)
2721:
2713:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2634:Atharvaveda:
2633:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2498:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2348:Shraddhanand
2323:Ravi Shankar
2303:R. D. Ranade
2164:ÅyÄma Åastri
2159:Swaminarayan
2119:Rupa Goswami
2029:Morya Gosavi
1989:Jiva Goswami
1889:Adi Shankara
1715:PratyabhijƱa
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1543:
1446:Samavartanam
1426:VidyÄraį¹bhaį¹
1411:Annaprashana
1335:Dandiya Raas
1310:Mohiniyattam
1203:NididhyÄsana
1008:Epistemology
940:Brahmacharya
820:Ätman (self)
783:
727:Brahmacharya
656:SaccidÄnanda
608:Panchikarana
484:
417:
408: /
404:Other major
328:
262:
261:
216:
95:
18:
9856:Uttarakhand
9773:Chaturmasya
9732:Vat Purnima
9581:Ratha-Yatra
9516:Gowri Habba
9511:Gaura Parva
9405:Cheti Chand
9290:Rama Navami
9245:Ayudha Puja
9185:Documentary
8995:. OUP USA.
8902:24 November
8881:19 December
8585:19 December
8462:The Pioneer
8427:24 November
8357:19 December
7984:, pp. 57ā66
7890:13 December
7886:. INFLIBNET
7381:The PurÄį¹as
6728:India Times
5845:(venues of
5838:shastrartha
5802:mahaprasada
5761:Mahabharata
5752:prÄyaÅcitta
5633:Kumbh Mela
5617:Kumbh Mela
5586:Kumbh Mela
5537:Kumbh Mela
5474:Kumbh Mela
5457:Kumbh Mela
5426:Kumbh Mela
5388:Kumbh Mela
5312:Kumbh Mela
5295:Kumbh Mela
5226:Kumbh Mela
5150:Kumbh Mela
5147:Kumbh Mela
5102:Kumbh Mela
5064:Kumbh Mela
4988:Kumbh Mela
4985:Kumbh Mela
4820:Shivaratri
4795:Third date
4733:Kurukshetra
4578:day alone.
4313:Vaishnavite
4234:Vaishnavism
3965:prÄyaÅcitta
3961:Mahabharata
3904:Kumbha Mela
3780:Atharvaveda
3679:Orientalism
3668:manuscripts
3657:prÄyaÅcitta
3562:Kumbha Mela
3465:and Judaism
3461:and Sikhism
3429:Iconography
3354:Nationalism
3347:Persecution
3131:Shiva Stuti
3025:Yoga Sutras
2855:Agni Purana
2757:Other texts
2748:Mahabharata
2491:Atharvaveda
2388:Vivekananda
2313:Rama Tirtha
2308:Ramakrishna
2283:Nigamananda
2273:Mahesh Yogi
2149:Sripadaraja
2139:Siddheshwar
2034:MukundarÄja
2014:Madhusūdana
2004:Kanaka Dasa
1924:Chakradhara
1868:Yajnavalkya
1858:Vishvamitra
1727:Pancharatra
1625:Vaisheshika
1581:Ratha Yatra
1529:Janmashtami
1524:Rama Navami
1441:Ritushuddhi
1416:Chudakarana
1406:Nishkramana
1376:Garbhadhana
1345:Pandav Lila
1254:Bhakti yoga
1139:PrÄyaÅcitta
910:Niti Åastra
758:Bhakti yoga
737:VÄnaprastha
552:Vishvakarma
485:Post-Vedic:
321:Vaishnavism
263:Traditional
148:Inscription
62:Location(s)
9831:Kumbh Mela
9825:Categories
9783:Uttarayana
9551:Kumbh Mela
9410:Gudi Padwa
9395:Bisu Parba
9390:Bohag Bihu
9260:Durga Puja
9165:Kumbh Mela
8922:rediff.com
7343:(3): 877.
7140:. p.
6759:. Chennai.
6477:7 December
6117:References
5945:TV series
5870:In culture
5791:kalpavasis
5700:shahi snan
5680:Naga sadhu
4894:Bhadrapada
4262:Until the
4037:Kumbh Mela
3997:Indologist
3902:While the
3864:The Hindu
3710:Kumbakonam
3673:Magha Mela
3639:(Ganges),
3609:pilgrimage
3558:Kumbh Mela
3305:Varna-less
3177:Tiruppukal
3138:Vayu Stuti
3102:Panchadasi
3095:Swara yoga
2983:Kama Sutra
2922:Dhanurveda
2582:Taittiriya
2560:Yajurveda:
2552:Kaushitaki
2529:Upanishads
2521:Upanishads
2445:Scriptures
2293:Prabhupada
2209:Vidyaranya
2094:Ram Charan
2069:PrabhÄkara
1984:Jayatīrtha
1934:Dadu Dayal
1929:ChÄngadeva
1788:Bharadwaja
1778:Ashtavakra
1544:Kumbh Mela
1492:Durga Puja
1421:Karnavedha
1401:NÄmakaraį¹a
1330:Yakshagana
1259:Karma yoga
1249:Jnana yoga
1244:Hatha yoga
1181:Meditation
1154:Tirthadana
935:Aparigraha
791:ParamÄtman
776:Liberation
768:Karma yoga
763:Jnana yoga
492:Dattatreya
292:Traditions
217:Historical
89:Kumbh Mela
48:Pilgrimage
9610:Holy days
9561:Mahamaham
9526:Kali Puja
9506:Dhanteras
9460:Sankranti
9425:Jur Sital
9295:Thaipusam
9285:Navaratri
9065:125228353
8351:The Hindu
7365:162404242
6756:The Hindu
6352:162404242
6309:170879396
6266:Kane 1953
6199:162404242
6038:Pushkaram
6032:Mahamaham
5974:Dilip Roy
5968:, a 1982
5919:In 2007,
5880:Ira Cohen
5818:pravachan
5806:anna dana
4957:Prayagraj
4843:junction
4832:Prayagraj
4749:Bį¹haspati
4701:Locations
4649:, and an
4631:analytics
4617:tents to
4615:dormitory
4591:Prayagraj
4502:stampedes
4458:Turkistan
4236:, two to
4058:1796 CE.
4033:Magh Mela
3939:PariÅiį¹£į¹a
3916:Saraswati
3832:Mythology
3790:The word
3768:Yajurveda
3720:(Nepal).
3706:Mahamaham
3633:Sarasvati
3621:Prayagraj
3479:Criticism
3473:and Islam
3434:Mythology
3287:Kshatriya
3219:Athichudi
3156:Tirumurai
3074:Tirumurai
2683:VyÄkaraį¹a
2619:Chandogya
2611:Samaveda:
2499:Divisions
2477:Yajurveda
2437:Ätmatuį¹£į¹i
2393:Yogananda
2368:Trailanga
2363:Sivananda
2228:Aurobindo
2214:Vyasaraja
2179:Tyagaraja
2129:Sankardev
2099:Ramananda
1994:JƱÄneÅvar
1969:Harivansh
1954:Gaudapada
1914:Chaitanya
1853:Vashistha
1823:Patanjali
1803:Jamadagni
1722:Vaishnava
1710:Pashupata
1487:Navaratri
1464:Festivals
1431:Upanayana
1396:Jatakarma
1381:Pumsavana
1300:Kuchipudi
1295:Kathakali
1264:RÄja yoga
1198:SamÄdhÄna
1079:Prarthana
1053:Practices
980:SvÄdhyÄya
584:Mythology
579:Cosmology
572:Worldview
517:Kartikeya
448:Prajapati
387:Saraswati
123:Reference
67:Prayagraj
54:Frequency
9851:Haridwar
9752:Galungan
9687:Pradosha
9627:Amavasya
9496:Bhaubeej
9470:Vaisakhi
9450:Puthandu
9420:Mha Puja
9365:Shakrain
9028:25201233
8978:(1953).
8793:Archived
8694:(2013).
8558:Archived
8527:25932345
8437:cite web
8226:12 March
8221:BBC News
8200:12 March
8171:12 March
8100:Haridwar
7466:(1901).
6831:15 March
6733:Archived
6702:Archived
6020:See also
5998:of Lord
5912:(2011),
5904:(2008),
5894:Nick Day
5843:kalagram
5740:salvific
5696:amavasya
4962:Haridwar
4925:Vaisakha
4923:Spring,
4892:Summer,
4881:Godavari
4853:Winter,
4813:Spring,
4801:Haridwar
4568:amavasya
4532:Hindutva
4500:Several
4306:Shaivite
4242:Nirmalas
4230:Shaivism
4148:Haridwar
4121:Aquarius
3985:Xuanzang
3947:Buddhism
3858:colophon
3785:Aquarius
3774:Samaveda
3757:Sanskrit
3740:Amavasya
3698:Haridwar
3645:Godavari
3637:Haridwar
3613:Hinduism
3492:Glossary
3424:Calendar
3359:Hindutva
3282:Brahmana
2953:samhitas
2945:Shastras
2915:Ayurveda
2906:Upavedas
2741:Ramayana
2732:Itihasas
2698:Jyotisha
2665:Vedangas
2649:Mandukya
2545:Aitareya
2537:Rigveda:
2516:Aranyaka
2511:Brahmana
2484:Samaveda
2199:Valluvar
2194:Vallabha
2174:Tulsidas
2104:Ramanuja
2054:Nayanars
2039:Namadeva
1876:Medieval
1818:Kashyapa
1734:Charvaka
1705:Kapalika
1569:Puthandu
1559:Vaisakhi
1456:Antyesti
1436:Keshanta
1360:Adimurai
1355:Silambam
1320:Sattriya
1305:Manipuri
990:Mitahara
970:Santosha
930:Achourya
742:Sannyasa
732:Gį¹hastha
591:Ontology
565:Concepts
353:Trimurti
316:Smartism
311:Shaktism
306:Shaivism
180:Hinduism
172:a series
170:Part of
71:Haridwar
9045:Bibcode
8869:ŠŠ³ŠµŃŠ².
8775:21 June
8749:21 June
8518:4404264
7357:3591863
6806:24 June
6778:23 June
6344:3591863
6191:3591863
6069:cycles.
5984:Bengali
5970:Bengali
5943:Sky One
5853:Darshan
5748:samsara
5742:value,
5723:shradha
5666:Rituals
4872:Trimbak
4815:Chaitra
4783:Zodiac
4765:Chandra
4753:Jupiter
4737:Sonipat
4560:cholera
4450:Bukhara
4421:Lucknow
4411:akharas
4332:bairagi
4328:sanyasi
4321:Maratha
4319:of the
4309:Gosains
4302:akharas
4297:akharas
4276:akharas
4272:darsana
4268:akharas
4226:Sikhism
4222:akharas
4201:Maratha
4194:Brahmin
4190:Puranas
4152:Trimbak
4055:akharas
3943:Rigveda
3937:Rigveda
3930:History
3896:Puranas
3805:A pot (
3796:Rigveda
3762:Rigveda
3718:Panauti
3714:Sonipat
3694:Jupiter
3647:), and
3617:Jupiter
3497:Outline
3292:Vaishya
3260:Society
3111:Stotras
2762:Puranas
2688:Nirukta
2678:Chandas
2673:Shiksha
2656:Prashna
2642:Mundaka
2506:Samhita
2470:Rigveda
2333:Samarth
2169:Tukaram
2114:Ravidas
1848:Valmiki
1798:Jaimini
1768:Angiras
1763:Agastya
1755:Ancient
1641:Advaita
1635:Vedanta
1630:MÄ«mÄį¹sÄ
1610:Samkhya
1497:Ramlila
1239:SÄdhanÄ
1129:Tarpana
1114:KÄ«rtana
1109:Bhajana
1060:Worship
985:Shaucha
960:Akrodha
806:Saį¹sÄra
670:Ishvara
639:Nirguna
634:Brahman
598:Tattvas
522:Krishna
507:Hanuman
502:Ganesha
438:Chandra
433:Ashvins
397:Parvati
392:Lakshmi
379:Tridevi
345:Deities
252:Åramaį¹a
232:History
213:Origins
203:History
115:Domains
105:Country
38:in 2013
9846:Nashik
9430:Navreh
9355:Pongal
9255:Diwali
9250:Chhath
9144:
9133:
9123:
9105:
9084:
9063:
9026:
8999:
8854:
8817:
8704:
8674:
8644:
8525:
8515:
8467:4 July
8382:
8329:
8285:
8143:
8071:
7980:
7945:
7915:
7862:
7686:
7656:
7630:
7610:
7578:
7504:
7420:
7388:
7363:
7355:
7295:
7268:
7218:
7175:
7148:
7102:
7070:
7016:Purana
6997:
6955:
6900:
6865:
6648:
6608:
6581:
6541:1988,
6514:
6457:"Mela"
6438:
6411:
6375:
6350:
6342:
6307:
6225:
6197:
6189:
6000:Vishnu
5996:avatar
5828:kirtan
5779:pandal
5756:dharma
5744:moksha
5736:tirtha
5719:sindur
5715:mundan
5708:bhasma
4972:Ujjain
4916:Shipra
4911:Ujjain
4876:Nashik
4841:Yamuna
4780:River
4777:Place
4763:) and
4735:, and
4720:Nashik
4619:5-star
4467:Nawabs
4434:Gospel
4347:sadhus
4336:akhara
4324:Peshwa
4238:Udasis
4218:sadhus
4203:ruler
4182:Birbal
4103:Priyag
4009:Sangam
3957:Payaga
3912:Yamuna
3886:Garuda
3878:Mohini
3874:kumbha
3870:amrita
3866:legend
3811:Amrita
3807:kumbha
3753:Kumbha
3716:, and
3702:Nashik
3653:Shipra
3649:Ujjain
3641:Nashik
3629:Yamuna
3625:Ganges
3297:Shudra
3115:stutis
2951:, and
2949:sutras
2603:Maitri
2328:Ramdas
2221:Modern
2154:Surdas
2019:Madhva
1939:Eknath
1909:Basava
1904:Alvars
1838:Raikva
1828:PÄį¹ini
1813:Kapila
1808:Kanada
1793:Gotama
1700:Shaiva
1648:Dvaita
1549:Pongal
1472:Diwali
1451:Vivaha
1315:Odissi
1290:Kathak
1229:Yogini
1193:Dhyana
1144:Tirtha
1099:Bhakti
1089:Temple
1084:Årauta
965:Arjava
925:Ahimsa
920:Niyama
903:Ethics
711:Moksha
696:Dharma
644:Saguna
542:Shakti
527:Kubera
473:Varuna
453:Pushan
366:Vishnu
361:Brahma
198:Hindus
133:Region
79:Ujjain
75:Nashik
9757:Nyepi
9475:Vishu
9465:Ugadi
9435:Nyepi
9360:PusnĆ¢
9330:Maghi
9325:Lohri
9320:Bhogi
9061:S2CID
9024:JSTOR
8603:, TNN
7884:(PDF)
7821:ā351.
7361:S2CID
7353:JSTOR
6471:(PDF)
6460:(PDF)
6348:S2CID
6340:JSTOR
6305:S2CID
6195:S2CID
6187:JSTOR
6056:Notes
6004:Kalki
5951:with
5798:vrata
5728:yajna
5624:2028
5610:2027
5597:2026
5583:2025
5570:2024
5557:2023
5544:2022
5532:2021
5519:2020
5505:2019
5492:2018
5479:2017
5464:2016
5450:2015
5437:2014
5423:2013
5410:2012
5397:2011
5383:2010
5370:2009
5357:2008
5343:2007
5330:2006
5317:2005
5302:2004
5288:2003
5275:2002
5261:2001
5248:2000
5235:1999
5221:1998
5208:1997
5195:1996
5181:1995
5168:1994
5155:1993
5139:1992
5126:1991
5113:1990
5099:1989
5086:1988
5073:1987
5059:1986
5046:1985
5032:1984
5019:1983
5006:1982
4993:1981
4978:1980
4953:Year
4855:Magha
4837:Ganga
4806:Ganga
4767:(the
4759:(the
4757:Surya
4743:Dates
4676:Kumbh
4666:Types
4506:ghats
4495:Timur
4463:rajas
4454:Kabul
4448:from
4289:matha
4107:Magha
4099:Akbar
3920:Snana
3908:Ganga
3890:Indra
3314:Dalit
3267:Varna
3184:Kural
2722:Agama
2693:Kalpa
2589:Katha
2461:Vedas
2432:ÄcÄra
2427:Smį¹ti
2422:Åruti
2406:Texts
1999:Kabir
1863:Vyasa
1773:Aruni
1620:Nyaya
1574:Vishu
1554:Ugadi
1234:Asana
1219:Sadhu
1188:Tapas
1159:Matha
1149:Yatra
1134:Vrata
1119:Yajna
1094:Murti
975:Tapas
950:Damah
945:Satya
915:Yamas
801:Karma
701:Artha
618:Guį¹as
532:Radha
497:Durga
468:Ushas
463:Surya
458:Rudra
443:Indra
419:Vedic
410:Devis
406:Devas
371:Shiva
127:01258
109:India
44:Genre
9591:Teej
9350:Onam
9270:Holi
9142:ISBN
9131:ISBN
9121:ISBN
9103:ISBN
9082:ISBN
8997:ISBN
8904:2015
8883:2018
8852:IMDb
8815:IMDb
8777:2023
8751:2023
8743:NDTV
8702:ISBN
8672:ISBN
8642:ISBN
8587:2018
8523:PMID
8469:2019
8443:link
8429:2015
8380:ISBN
8359:2018
8327:ISBN
8283:ISBN
8228:2021
8202:2021
8173:2021
8141:ISBN
8069:ISBN
7978:ISBN
7943:ISBN
7913:ISBN
7892:2015
7860:ISBN
7783:ā73.
7684:ISBN
7654:ISBN
7628:ISBN
7608:ISBN
7576:ISBN
7546:ā39.
7502:ISBN
7418:ISBN
7386:ISBN
7293:ISBN
7266:ISBN
7216:ISBN
7173:ISBN
7146:ISBN
7100:ISBN
7068:ISBN
6995:ISBN
6953:ISBN
6898:ISBN
6863:ISBN
6833:2022
6808:2020
6780:2020
6646:ISBN
6606:ISBN
6579:ISBN
6512:ISBN
6479:2017
6436:ISBN
6409:ISBN
6373:ISBN
6223:ISBN
6098:lit.
5847:kala
5787:Magh
5655:seva
4839:and
4769:Moon
4629:and
4311:and
4280:Naga
4176:The
4160:Magh
4089:Mela
3989:deva
3842:lit.
3792:mela
3751:The
3328:JÄti
3113:and
2626:Kena
2575:Isha
1783:Atri
1615:Yoga
1564:Bihu
1534:Onam
1477:Holi
1277:Arts
1224:Yogi
1211:Yoga
1174:SevÄ
1169:DÄna
1124:Homa
1104:Japa
1074:ÄrtÄ«
1069:Puja
995:DÄna
955:DayÄ
813:Mind
796:Maya
706:Kama
547:Sita
537:Rama
512:Kali
478:Vayu
428:Agni
330:List
157:List
77:and
9053:doi
8850:at
8813:at
8513:PMC
8503:doi
8165:BBC
7819:346
7345:doi
7264:ā.
7262:127
7142:121
6332:doi
6297:doi
6179:doi
6010:'s
5982:'s
5939:BBC
5821:),
5702:or
4761:Sun
4755:),
4651:app
4645:by
4635:IBM
4633:by
4158:in
3888:or
3884:or
3560:or
663:God
9827::
9080:.
9076:.
9059:.
9051:.
9039:.
9018:.
8956:.
8938:.
8920:.
8768:.
8741:.
8716:^
8656:^
8608:^
8577:.
8547:^
8521:.
8511:.
8497:.
8493:.
8477:^
8460:.
8439:}}
8435:{{
8407:^
8349:.
8309:^
8248:.
8244:.
8219:.
8193:.
8181:^
8163:.
8112:^
8039:^
7927:^
7844:^
7789:^
7781:72
7763:^
7746:^
7727:^
7668:^
7638:^
7590:^
7552:^
7544:37
7516:^
7482:^
7474:27
7455:^
7432:^
7400:^
7359:.
7351:.
7341:62
7339:.
7322:41
7320:.
7316:.
7200:^
7144:.
7114:^
7082:^
7040:^
7020:19
7018:.
6979:^
6947:.
6841:^
6823:.
6796:,
6753:.
6741:^
6725:.
6708:,
6620:^
6550:^
6462:.
6387:^
6346:.
6338:.
6328:62
6326:.
6303:.
6293:59
6291:.
6273:^
6256:^
6237:^
6207:^
6193:.
6185:.
6175:62
6173:.
6153:^
6125:^
6016:.
6002:ā
5962:.
5882:,
5793:.
4887:or
4848:or
4739:.
4641:,
4637:,
4625:,
4456:,
4452:,
4162:.
4017:.
3910:,
3685:.
3594:eÉŖ
2947:,
651:Om
174:on
73:,
69:,
9216:e
9209:t
9202:v
9111:.
9090:.
9067:.
9055::
9047::
9041:4
9030:.
9020:4
9005:.
8906:.
8885:.
8779:.
8753:.
8710:.
8680:.
8650:.
8589:.
8529:.
8505::
8499:7
8471:.
8445:)
8431:.
8402:.
8388:.
8335:.
8291:.
8230:.
8204:.
8175:.
8149:.
8077:.
7970:;
7951:.
7921:.
7894:.
7868:.
7692:.
7662:.
7616:.
7584:.
7510:.
7426:.
7394:.
7367:.
7347::
7301:.
7274:.
7224:.
7181:.
7154:.
7108:.
7076:.
7003:.
6961:.
6906:.
6871:.
6835:.
6782:.
6654:.
6614:.
6587:.
6561:.
6520:.
6481:.
6444:.
6417:.
6381:.
6354:.
6334::
6311:.
6299::
6231:.
6201:.
6181::
5835:(
5825:(
5815:(
4874:-
4751:(
4611:ā¹
4604:ā¹
3840:(
3651:(
3643:(
3631:-
3627:-
3623:(
3603:/
3600:É
3597:l
3591:m
3588:Ė
3583:b
3580:m
3577:Ź
3574:k
3571:Ė
3568:/
3564:(
3538:e
3531:t
3524:v
3307::
421::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.