29:
512:
453:
76:
655:
583:, a commercial tracking company, detected around 300 pieces and also estimated that there were around 1,500 ground-trackable pieces in total. They found this lower than expected, compared to other anti-satellite tests, meaning that the pieces are expected to have higher masses so will stay in orbit for longer, and that the lower-than-expected number of debris pieces might be because the event was not a
1293:
1072:
847:
554:
The crew sheltered for only the second and third passes through the debris field, based on an assessment of the debris risk. There is no evidence that any debris hit the station, but the risk of a potential impact was thought to be increased by a factor of five for the following weeks and months, and
443:
could not convince the different parts of the Soviet military to decide between the two, so both systems were brought into service. The first production
Tselina-O was launched in 1970. The Tselina-D took longer to enter service, due to delays with the satellite development and problems with the mass
1380:
Russia's space agency
Roscosmos used an uncrewed Progress 81 cargo ship docked at the International Space Station to move the orbiting lab clear of a piece of space debris from the Russian satellite Cosmos 1408 . Russia destroyed the defunct Soviet-era satellite in a November 2021 anti-satellite
621:
stated that: "With its long and storied history in human spaceflight, it is unthinkable that Russia would endanger not only the
American and international partner astronauts on the ISS, but also their own cosmonauts", and the "actions are reckless and dangerous, threatening as
460:
Kosmos-1408 was part of the
Tselina-D system. It had a mass of around 1,750 kg (3,860 lb), and a radius of around 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in). It is thought to have replaced Kosmos-1378 in the Tselina system, since it was launched into a similar orbital plane.
603:
The US State
Department accused Russia of having targeted Kosmos 1408 during an anti-satellite weapon test, using a ground-based missile against their own defunct satellite, saying that it was "dangerous and irresponsible". On 15 November the Russian foreign minister,
550:
so they could quickly return to Earth if debris struck the station. The satellite had been in orbit at an altitude ~50 kilometers (~30 miles) above the ISS orbital altitude, with the debris intersecting the orbit of the ISS every 93 minutes.
570:
reported that it had identified about 1,500 pieces of debris that can be tracked by ground-based radar, and hundreds of thousands more that are more difficult to track. The same day, breakup of the satellite was independently confirmed by
444:
budget. The full
Tselina system became operational in 1976. Continued improvements in the satellite systems led to Tselina-O being abandoned in 1984, with all of the capabilities of the two satellite systems being combined into Tselina-D.
590:
The low altitude of the satellite means the debris swarm is expected to be short-lived. As of
February 2023 only 300 of the initial 1,790 pieces of debris (17 %) were still in orbit. Increasing solar activity during
575:
and
Slingshot Aerospace. By 16 November 2021, the debris was orbiting at altitudes between 440 and 520 km (270 and 320 mi); by 17 November 2021 this range increased to 300 to 1,100 km (190 to 680 mi).
1467:
559:
satellites underwent maneuvers to reduce the risk of collision with the debris. On 18 January 2022 there was a near miss (separated by only 14.5 metres (48 ft)) between a piece of debris and the
555:
the longer term risk was doubled. In June 2022 the ISS had to manoeuvre to avoid a piece of debris from the satellite. The debris can also pose a risk to other low Earth orbit satellites, and several
901:
587:
collision. By 21 December, LeoLabs was tracking around 500 pieces of debris, including several large items that are thought to be the solar panels, antennas and booms from the satellite.
1669:
1520:
1252:
2509:
2288:
1733:
612:, the Russian minister of defence, acknowledged that the destruction of the satellite was due to a Russian missile test, but argued that it posed no threat to any space activities.
2433:
1546:
560:
1099:
871:
615:
1278:
1459:
1160:
2614:
983:
1057:
931:
1785:
1031:
897:
832:
2386:
2379:
2372:
1643:
1419:
643:, called upon the United States, Russia, China, and India to declare unilateral moratoriums on further testing of their antisatellite weapons.
1220:
546:. The seven crew members aboard the ISS (four American, two Russian, one German) were told to put on their spacesuits and take shelter in the
2649:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2525:
2520:
2492:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2282:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2127:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1665:
1516:
1248:
338:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2017:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1394:
535:, which Russia has ratified, bans some types of military activities in space, but not anti-satellite missiles using conventional warheads.
956:
2515:
495:
after finishing operations because it did not have a propulsion system. Its orbit subsequently slowly decayed due to the small natural
1568:
580:
411:
for the first few passes of the debris cloud, and increased the future risk of a debris collision with the ISS or other satellites.
1313:
1193:
1134:
674:
684:– 2013 science fiction movie in which a Russian satellite shoot-down creates a catastrophic Kessler syndrome–inciting debris swarm
1338:
1542:
1433:
1095:
729:
491:
The satellite had an expected lifespan of around six months, but it operated for around two years. The satellite could not be
2644:
531:
at around 02:45 UTC. The system had been undergoing testing since 2014, but this was the first satellite it destroyed. The
772:
867:
524:
1274:
440:
1156:
2639:
2604:
1709:
567:
979:
1053:
923:
366:
56:
1027:
2624:
2609:
828:
543:
404:
207:
69:
1639:
2619:
1490:
1395:"Elon Musk says Starlink satellites have had to dodge debris from Russia's anti-satellite missile test"
378:
183:
1364:
2576:
1613:
1216:
84:
63:
1590:
33:
Ground-based telescope image of Kosmos 1408 debris (circled objects), captured on 15 November 2021
636:
801:
28:
2634:
629:
420:
151:
1591:"Wild solar weather is causing satellites to plummet from orbit. It's only going to get worse"
1005:
2629:
1702:
1491:"Space debris from Russian anti-satellite missile test spotted in telescope images and video"
699:
520:
392:
608:, stated that there was no risk to the ISS or other peaceful uses of space. On 16 November,
1096:"US says it "won't tolerate" Russia's "reckless and dangerous" anti-satellite missile test"
572:
8:
1718:
898:"Russian Anti-Satellite Test Produces Dangerous Debris Cloud In Orbit: Reports (Updated)"
680:
547:
528:
481:
469:
428:
424:
306:
203:
141:
75:
1189:
1130:
1413:
690:– hypothetical runaway debris cascade making low Earth orbit inaccessible for centuries
660:
532:
436:
797:
764:
668:
1365:"International Space Station dodges orbital debris from Russian anti-satellite test"
725:
519:
On 15 November 2021, at around 02:50 UTC, the satellite was destroyed as part of an
1695:
1217:"Did Russia just launch an anti-satellite test that created a cloud of space junk?"
687:
358:
269:
1028:"Russia tests anti-satellite missile, debris disrupts International Space Station"
556:
374:
279:
1434:"Chinese satellite narrowly avoids collision with debris from Russian explosion"
768:
693:
592:
496:
485:
385:. It operated for around two years before becoming inactive and left in orbit.
316:
2598:
1460:"US accuses Russia of "dangerous" behavior after anti-satellite weapons test"
1297:
1076:
851:
609:
605:
584:
408:
136:
868:"Astronauts Forced to Take Shelter as Debris Cloud Threatens Space Station"
539:
500:
396:
370:
452:
2305:
2277:
2122:
2092:
1314:"Debris from destroyed Russian satellite now visible in telescope images"
1249:"Russia blows up a satellite, creating a dangerous debris cloud in space"
618:
382:
343:
2012:
1131:"Russian Anti-Satellite Test Adds to Worsening Problem of Space Debris"
640:
403:. The threat of potential collision with debris caused the crew of the
1687:
1007:
Soviet space programs, 1976-80 (with supplementary data through 1983)
511:
465:
193:
399:
in orbits between 300 and 1,100 km (190 and 680 mi) above
1666:"New images and analyses reveal extent of Cosmos 1408 debris cloud"
1517:"New images and analyses reveal extent of Cosmos 1408 debris cloud"
492:
217:
456:
The orbital decay of Kosmos-1408 since 1980, compared with the ISS
1569:"Three More Countries Join Pledge Against Destructive ASAT Tests"
1296:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1075:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
850:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
538:
The destruction of the satellite and missile produced a cloud of
432:
1159:. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs. November 2021.
1094:
Atwood, Kylie; Sciutto, Jim; Fisher, Kristin; Gaouette, Nicole.
389:
1614:"Russia admits destroying satellite with space missile strike"
1561:
1190:"Russian Anti-Satellite Missile Test Poses No Threat – Moscow"
1640:"NASA chief Bill Nelson condemns Russian anti-satellite test"
957:"Part III — Cosmos 1408 Breakup Observations One Month Later"
477:
473:
400:
296:
286:
1339:"NASA Confirms Russian ASAT Test Doubled Debris Risk to ISS"
595:
is causing the debris to decay at a faster rate than usual.
468:
launch vehicle on 16 September 1982, from Site 32/2, at the
515:
Warning periods when the ISS and Kosmos-1408 orbits crossed
624:
16:
Soviet artificial satellite destroyed by an ASAT missile
1093:
1010:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1984. p. 790.
435:(satellites) for Tselina were first tested under the
650:
1543:"Part II — New Observations on Cosmos 1408 Breakup"
1426:
1275:"NASA Administrator Statement on Russian ASAT Test"
924:"Космические аппараты радиоэлектронного наблюдения"
1583:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1658:
1386:
796:
763:
671:– United States first anti-satellite missile test
523:test by Russia. The direct-ascent anti-satellite
2596:
974:
972:
970:
951:
949:
1014:
1535:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1089:
1087:
1085:
2615:Intentionally destroyed artificial satellites
1703:
1631:
1482:
1356:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
967:
946:
1418:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1508:
1331:
1175:
1082:
472:. It was placed in low Earth orbit, with a
1710:
1696:
1114:
1046:
891:
889:
74:
1637:
998:
823:
821:
819:
728:. Gunter's Space Page. 15 November 2021.
696:– 2019 Indian anti-satellite missile test
1452:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1208:
702:– 2008 United States satellite intercept
675:2007 Chinese anti-satellite missile test
510:
451:
1638:Weitering, Hanneke (16 November 2021).
1611:
1308:
1306:
916:
886:
423:developed two satellite ELINT systems:
395:test on 15 November 2021, resulting in
2597:
1717:
1514:
1489:Howell, Elizabeth (16 November 2021).
1488:
1393:Epstein, Morgan McFall-Johnsen, Jake.
1025:
895:
816:
792:
790:
1691:
1672:from the original on 19 November 2021
1646:from the original on 16 November 2021
1549:from the original on 20 November 2021
1523:from the original on 19 November 2021
1470:from the original on 16 November 2021
1362:
1281:from the original on 17 November 2021
1255:from the original on 17 November 2021
1246:
1235:
1223:from the original on 16 November 2021
1196:from the original on 17 November 2021
1137:from the original on 18 November 2021
1102:from the original on 19 November 2021
1060:from the original on 16 November 2021
1054:"Trajectory: Kosmos-1408 (1982-092A)"
1034:from the original on 16 November 2021
986:from the original on 20 November 2021
980:"Analysis of the Cosmos 1408 Breakup"
934:from the original on 20 November 2021
904:from the original on 16 November 2021
874:from the original on 16 November 2021
862:
860:
835:from the original on 17 November 2021
775:from the original on 20 November 2021
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
732:from the original on 15 November 2021
720:
718:
716:
480:of 679 km (422 mi), and an
431:for detailed observations. The ELINT
2650:Spacecraft that broke apart in space
1303:
1267:
1214:
1163:from the original on 29 October 2019
1026:Graham, William (15 November 2021).
525:A-235 "Nudol" anti-ballistic missile
1392:
1149:
787:
13:
1668:. Ars Technica. 17 November 2021.
1215:Gohd, Chelsea (15 November 2021).
857:
829:"Display: Kosmos-1408 (1982-092A)"
744:
713:
369:(ELINT) satellite operated by the
14:
2661:
1515:Berger, Eric (17 November 2021).
1247:Grush, Loren (15 November 2021).
476:of 645 km (401 mi), an
388:The satellite was destroyed in a
1291:
1070:
845:
653:
27:
1605:
407:(ISS) to take shelter in their
367:electronic signals intelligence
1192:. BBC News. 16 November 2021.
1133:. BBC News. 16 November 2021.
506:
464:Kosmos-1408 was launched on a
419:From 1965 to 1967, the Soviet
377:on 16 September 1982 at 14:55
86:
1:
1363:Malik, Tariq (19 June 2022).
706:
447:
161:1,750 kg (3,860 lb)
1545:. Medium. 19 November 2021.
982:. Medium. 18 November 2021.
598:
439:designation in 1962–65. The
7:
2645:Spacecraft launched in 1982
771:. Jonathan's Space Report.
646:
544:International Space Station
427:for broad observations and
405:International Space Station
10:
2666:
1277:. NASA. 15 November 2021.
726:"Tselina-D (11F619, Ikar)"
561:Tsinghua Science Satellite
441:Soviet Ministry of Defence
414:
2571:
2536:
2501:
2470:
2463:
2329:
2298:
1945:
1725:
1593:. Space.com. 23 June 2022
1056:. NASA. 28 October 2021.
831:. NASA. 28 October 2021.
804:. Jonathan's Space Report
362:
329:
325:
315:
305:
301:490 km (300 mi)
295:
291:465 km (289 mi)
285:
275:
265:
260:
256:
252:
244:
236:
231:
227:
223:
213:
199:
189:
182:16 September 1982, 04:55
178:
173:
169:
165:
157:
147:
135:
127:
119:
114:
110:
106:
96:
83:
62:
52:
48:
38:
26:
2640:Space traffic management
2605:1982 in the Soviet Union
2585:failed to achieve orbit
1318:Room, The Space Journal
1030:. NASASpaceFlight.com.
637:Secure World Foundation
373:. It was launched into
769:"The 2021 Nudol' test"
669:1985 ASM-135 ASAT test
521:anti-satellite weapons
516:
457:
421:Yuzhnoye Design Office
152:Yuzhnoye Design Office
700:Operation Burnt Frost
630:Chinese space station
579:On 18 November 2021,
514:
455:
393:anti-satellite weapon
266:Reference system
115:Spacecraft properties
2625:Satellite collisions
1466:. 15 November 2021.
1157:"Outer Space Treaty"
896:Trevithick, Joseph.
767:(20 November 2021).
573:Numerica Corporation
566:On 15 November, the
542:that threatened the
2610:2021 in spaceflight
1612:Gershkovich, Evan.
1571:. SpacePolicyOnline
1343:Space Policy Online
963:. 21 December 2021.
568:US State Department
529:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
470:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
204:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
23:
1719:Tselina satellites
661:Spaceflight portal
616:NASA administrator
533:Outer Space Treaty
527:was launched from
517:
488:was 97.8 minutes.
458:
261:Orbital parameters
102:2 years (achieved)
100:6 months (planned)
21:
2620:Kosmos satellites
2592:
2591:
2567:
2566:
1440:. 20 January 2022
798:Jonathan McDowell
765:Jonathan McDowell
352:
351:
2657:
2468:
2467:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1519:. Ars Technica.
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1417:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1399:Business Insider
1390:
1384:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1310:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1244:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1186:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1127:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1091:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1023:
1012:
1011:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
991:
976:
965:
964:
953:
944:
943:
941:
939:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
893:
884:
883:
881:
879:
864:
855:
849:
848:
844:
842:
840:
825:
814:
813:
811:
809:
800:(21 July 2021).
794:
785:
784:
782:
780:
761:
742:
741:
739:
737:
722:
688:Kessler syndrome
663:
658:
657:
656:
364:
287:Perigee altitude
270:Geocentric orbit
248:15 November 2021
174:Start of mission
97:Mission duration
88:
79:
78:
72:
31:
24:
20:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2563:
2532:
2497:
2459:
2325:
2294:
1941:
1721:
1716:
1686:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1438:The Independent
1432:
1431:
1427:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1391:
1387:
1373:
1371:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1292:
1284:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1256:
1245:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1188:
1187:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1092:
1083:
1071:
1063:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1024:
1015:
1004:
1003:
999:
989:
987:
978:
977:
968:
955:
954:
947:
937:
935:
922:
921:
917:
907:
905:
894:
887:
877:
875:
866:
865:
858:
846:
838:
836:
827:
826:
817:
807:
805:
795:
788:
778:
776:
762:
745:
735:
733:
724:
723:
714:
709:
659:
654:
652:
649:
601:
557:SpaceX Starlink
509:
450:
417:
409:escape capsules
375:low Earth orbit
348:
347:
341:
334:
297:Apogee altitude
280:Low Earth orbit
128:Spacecraft type
101:
73:
68:
43:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2663:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:Satellites in
2579:
2577:Mass simulator
2572:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1657:
1630:
1604:
1582:
1560:
1534:
1507:
1481:
1451:
1425:
1385:
1355:
1330:
1302:
1266:
1234:
1207:
1174:
1148:
1113:
1081:
1045:
1013:
997:
966:
945:
915:
885:
856:
815:
786:
743:
711:
710:
708:
705:
704:
703:
697:
694:Mission Shakti
691:
685:
677:
672:
665:
664:
648:
645:
622:well [
600:
597:
593:solar cycle 25
508:
505:
486:orbital period
484:of 82.5°. Its
449:
446:
416:
413:
350:
349:
342:
336:
335:
330:
327:
326:
323:
322:
319:
313:
312:
309:
303:
302:
299:
293:
292:
289:
283:
282:
277:
273:
272:
267:
263:
262:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
232:End of mission
229:
228:
225:
224:
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
180:
176:
175:
171:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
112:
111:
108:
107:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
90:
81:
80:
66:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
46:
45:
40:
36:
35:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2662:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2635:Space hazards
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1645:
1642:. Space.com.
1641:
1634:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1592:
1586:
1570:
1564:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1421:
1415:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1381:missile test.
1370:
1366:
1359:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1298:public domain
1280:
1276:
1270:
1254:
1251:. The Verge.
1250:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1222:
1219:. Space.com.
1218:
1211:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1078:
1077:public domain
1059:
1055:
1049:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1009:
1008:
1001:
985:
981:
975:
973:
971:
962:
958:
952:
950:
933:
929:
925:
919:
903:
900:. The Drive.
899:
892:
890:
873:
869:
863:
861:
853:
852:public domain
834:
830:
824:
822:
820:
803:
799:
793:
791:
774:
770:
766:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
731:
727:
721:
719:
717:
712:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
682:
678:
676:
673:
670:
667:
666:
662:
651:
644:
642:
638:
633:
631:
627:
626:
620:
617:
613:
611:
610:Sergei Shoigu
607:
606:Sergei Lavrov
596:
594:
588:
586:
585:hypervelocity
582:
577:
574:
569:
564:
562:
558:
552:
549:
548:crew capsules
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
513:
504:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
454:
445:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
360:
356:
346: →
345:
340:
337:←
333:
332:Kosmos Series
328:
324:
321:93.00 minutes
320:
318:
314:
310:
308:
304:
300:
298:
294:
290:
288:
284:
281:
278:
274:
271:
268:
264:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
226:
222:
219:
216:
212:
209:
205:
202:
198:
195:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
153:
150:
146:
143:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
123:Ikar No. 39L
122:
118:
113:
109:
105:
99:
95:
91:
89:
82:
77:
71:
67:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
47:
41:
37:
30:
25:
19:
2630:Space debris
2582:
2508:
2432:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2287:
2132:
1784:
1732:
1674:. Retrieved
1660:
1648:. Retrieved
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1617:
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1563:
1551:. Retrieved
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1510:
1498:. Retrieved
1494:
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1464:The Guardian
1463:
1454:
1442:. Retrieved
1437:
1428:
1402:. Retrieved
1398:
1388:
1379:
1372:. Retrieved
1368:
1358:
1346:. Retrieved
1342:
1333:
1321:. Retrieved
1317:
1283:. Retrieved
1269:
1257:. Retrieved
1225:. Retrieved
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1165:. Retrieved
1151:
1139:. Retrieved
1104:. Retrieved
1062:. Retrieved
1048:
1036:. Retrieved
1006:
1000:
988:. Retrieved
960:
936:. Retrieved
928:yuzhnoye.com
927:
918:
906:. Retrieved
876:. Retrieved
837:. Retrieved
806:. Retrieved
802:"Launch Log"
777:. Retrieved
734:. Retrieved
679:
634:
623:
614:
602:
589:
578:
565:
553:
540:space debris
537:
518:
501:thermosphere
490:
463:
459:
418:
397:space debris
387:
381:, replacing
371:Soviet Union
354:
353:
331:
148:Manufacturer
53:Mission type
44:Ikar No. 39L
18:
2559:Kosmos 1873
2554:Kosmos 1871
2549:Kosmos 1820
2544:Kosmos 1767
2526:Kosmos 1833
2521:Kosmos 1697
2493:Kosmos 1025
2455:Kosmos 2428
2450:Kosmos 2406
2445:Kosmos 2369
2440:Kosmos 2360
2428:Kosmos 2333
2423:Kosmos 2322
2418:Kosmos 2297
2413:Kosmos 2278
2408:Kosmos 2263
2403:Kosmos 2237
2398:Kosmos 2227
2393:Kosmos 2219
2367:Kosmos 2082
2362:Kosmos 1980
2357:Kosmos 1943
2352:Kosmos 1844
2347:Kosmos 1714
2342:Kosmos 1656
2337:Kosmos 1603
2321:Kosmos 2242
2316:Kosmos 2151
2311:Kosmos 2058
2306:Kosmos 1805
2283:Kosmos 2228
2278:Kosmos 2221
2273:Kosmos 1975
2268:Kosmos 1953
2263:Kosmos 1933
2258:Kosmos 1908
2253:Kosmos 1892
2248:Kosmos 1862
2243:Kosmos 1842
2238:Kosmos 1825
2233:Kosmos 1812
2228:Kosmos 1782
2223:Kosmos 1758
2218:Kosmos 1743
2213:Kosmos 1733
2208:Kosmos 1726
2203:Kosmos 1707
2198:Kosmos 1703
2193:Kosmos 1674
2188:Kosmos 1666
2183:Kosmos 1633
2178:Kosmos 1626
2173:Kosmos 1696
2168:Kosmos 1544
2163:Kosmos 1536
2158:Kosmos 1515
2153:Kosmos 1470
2148:Kosmos 1455
2143:Kosmos 1441
2138:Kosmos 1437
2133:Kosmos 1408
2128:Kosmos 1400
2123:Kosmos 1378
2118:Kosmos 1356
2113:Kosmos 1346
2108:Kosmos 1340
2103:Kosmos 1328
2098:Kosmos 1315
2093:Kosmos 1300
2088:Kosmos 1271
2083:Kosmos 1242
2078:Kosmos 1222
2073:Kosmos 1206
2068:Kosmos 1184
2063:Kosmos 1154
2058:Kosmos 1145
2053:Kosmos 1143
2048:Kosmos 1116
2043:Kosmos 1093
2038:Kosmos 1077
2033:Kosmos 1063
2028:Kosmos 1043
2023:Kosmos 1005
1937:Kosmos 1345
1932:Kosmos 1215
1927:Kosmos 1114
1922:Kosmos 1062
1917:Kosmos 1008
1676:20 November
1650:18 November
1623:26 November
1553:20 November
1527:17 November
1500:30 November
1474:15 November
1323:30 November
1285:16 November
1259:15 November
1227:15 November
1200:19 November
1167:16 November
1141:19 November
1106:20 November
1064:15 November
1038:16 November
990:20 November
938:21 November
908:15 November
878:15 November
870:. Gizmodo.
839:15 November
808:17 December
779:21 November
736:15 November
619:Bill Nelson
507:Destruction
482:inclination
383:Kosmos-1378
363:Космос-1408
355:Kosmos-1408
344:Kosmos-1409
339:Kosmos-1407
307:Inclination
200:Launch site
179:Launch date
158:Launch mass
42:Космос-1408
22:Kosmos-1408
2599:Categories
2488:Kosmos 972
2483:Kosmos 956
2478:Kosmos 921
2018:Kosmos 975
2013:Kosmos 955
2008:Kosmos 925
2003:Kosmos 895
1998:Kosmos 851
1993:Kosmos 808
1988:Kosmos 756
1983:Kosmos 744
1978:Kosmos 673
1973:Kosmos 604
1968:Kosmos 542
1963:Kosmos 476
1958:Kosmos 405
1953:Kosmos 389
1912:Kosmos 960
1907:Kosmos 924
1902:Kosmos 899
1897:Kosmos 870
1892:Kosmos 845
1887:Kosmos 812
1882:Kosmos 790
1877:Kosmos 787
1872:Kosmos 781
1867:Kosmos 749
1862:Kosmos 707
1857:Kosmos 698
1852:Kosmos 661
1847:Kosmos 655
1842:Kosmos 631
1837:Kosmos 610
1832:Kosmos 582
1827:Kosmos 549
1822:Kosmos 544
1817:Kosmos 536
1812:Kosmos 500
1807:Kosmos 479
1802:Kosmos 460
1797:Kosmos 437
1792:Kosmos 436
1780:Kosmos 425
1775:Kosmos 395
1770:Kosmos 387
1765:Kosmos 330
1760:Kosmos 315
1755:Kosmos 269
1750:Kosmos 250
1745:Kosmos 200
1740:Kosmos 189
1444:20 January
1404:1 December
1348:19 January
707:References
641:think tank
628:] the
493:de-orbited
448:Spacecraft
214:Contractor
120:Spacecraft
2330:Tselina-2
2299:Tselina-R
1946:Tselina-D
1726:Tselina-O
1495:Space.com
1414:cite news
1369:Space.com
639:, a U.S.
599:Reactions
466:Tsyklon-3
429:Tselina-D
425:Tselina-O
365:) was an
245:Destroyed
208:Site 32/2
194:Tsyklon-3
142:Tselina-D
70:1982-092A
64:COSPAR ID
1670:Archived
1644:Archived
1618:phys.org
1547:Archived
1521:Archived
1468:Archived
1279:Archived
1253:Archived
1221:Archived
1194:Archived
1161:Archived
1135:Archived
1100:Archived
1058:Archived
1032:Archived
984:Archived
932:Archived
902:Archived
872:Archived
833:Archived
773:Archived
730:Archived
647:See also
433:payloads
237:Declared
218:Yuzhmash
2583:italics
2537:03.0695
2516:Unnamed
2510:Unknown
2502:03.0694
2471:03.0380
2434:Unknown
2387:Unknown
2380:Unknown
2373:Unknown
2289:Unknown
1786:Unknown
1734:Unknown
1597:18 July
1575:18 July
1374:21 June
1098:. CNN.
681:Gravity
581:LeoLabs
499:of the
474:perigee
415:Mission
390:Russian
359:Russian
85:SATCAT
961:Medium
478:apogee
437:Kosmos
317:Period
311:82.60°
276:Regime
190:Rocket
401:Earth
131:ELINT
92:13552
57:ELINT
39:Names
1678:2021
1652:2021
1625:2021
1599:2023
1577:2023
1555:2021
1529:2021
1502:2021
1476:2021
1446:2022
1420:link
1406:2021
1376:2022
1350:2022
1325:2021
1287:2021
1261:2021
1229:2021
1202:2021
1169:2021
1143:2021
1108:2021
1066:2021
1040:2021
992:2021
940:2021
910:2021
880:2021
841:2021
810:2021
781:2021
738:2021
635:The
497:drag
240:1984
2464:EPN
632:".
625:sic
379:UTC
184:UTC
137:Bus
87:no.
2601::
2575:-
1616:.
1493:.
1462:.
1436:.
1416:}}
1412:{{
1397:.
1378:.
1367:.
1341:.
1316:.
1305:^
1237:^
1177:^
1116:^
1084:^
1016:^
969:^
959:.
948:^
930:.
926:.
888:^
859:^
818:^
789:^
746:^
715:^
563:.
503:.
361::
206:,
1711:e
1704:t
1697:v
1680:.
1654:.
1627:.
1601:.
1579:.
1557:.
1531:.
1504:.
1478:.
1448:.
1422:)
1408:.
1352:.
1327:.
1300:.
1289:.
1263:.
1231:.
1204:.
1171:.
1145:.
1110:.
1079:.
1068:.
1042:.
994:.
942:.
912:.
882:.
854:.
843:.
812:.
783:.
740:.
357:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
