1989:
2001:
68:
328:
2014:
20:
2446:
1634:'composed' over 30 pieces, shaping the cornerstone of the Kinko school's Honkyoku repertoire today. According to Deeg, "the systematisation of certainly already existing elements legitimising Fuke-shu in the Denki, probably originated in the proto-organisation of the Kinko-ryu which was itself starting towards the end of the 18th century. This proto-organisation, with its legend and related musical tradition, consolidated the Fuke-sh as a Zen denomination in its own right."
6488:
6499:
3897:
3884:
3874:
2159:-players, giving it spiritual connotations it never had in Japan. According to Deeg, this spiritualisation "can be comprehended with the aid of two concepts, those of "attaining buddhahood through one sound" (ichion-jōbutsu 一音 成佛) and "the Zen of blowing (the flute)" (suizen 吹禪). refers to "the content of the two published volumes of the Annals of the International Shakuhachi Society (ISS)" as an example. For example:
3754:
36:
1633:
Historically, approximately forty komuso temples across Japan nurtured their unique collections of
Honkyoku. In the 18th century, the master Kurosawa Kinko (1710–71), the founder of the Kinko-ryu, embarked on a journey to these temples, seeking out local compositions. He meticulously 'arranged' or
1677:
Nevertheless, according to Deeg, "Hisamatsu’s texts contain amazingly few "Zenist" expressions and instead focus on the actual practice of the playing of the instrument." According to Deeg, Hisamatsu's "spiritualisation and aesthetization" has to be understood in the context of the laicization of
1398:
had to report back to the central government about conditions in the provinces, a practice which helped seal the group's demise when the government itself fell. The authenticity of this decree was in doubt, despite it being treated as legitimate and amended by future leaders within the shogunate.
1620:
had lost their usefulness as spies, due to the peaceful life-circumstances created by the
Tokugawa shogunate, which no longer tolerated their privileges. Playing the shakuhachi lost its distinguishing feature, as lay-people from the richer classes learned to play the instrument, a development
1637:
Kinko's influence extended beyond musical creation; he played a pivotal role in introducing Fuke shakuhachi teachings to lay practitioners, fostering the ascent of Fuke shakuhachi in the
Japanese cultural landscape while supplanting its precursor, the hitoyogiri shakuhachi. Kinko was also
2272:
the rare privilege to freely travel the country without hindrance; one reason doing so may have been an interest on behalf of the shogunate to receive first-hand information about conditions in the provinces, the collection of such information made possible by the concealed nature of the
3251:, Volume 1. Ed. Dan E Mayers : Robin Hartshorne and Kazuaki Tanahashi, “The hitori mondo of Hisamatsu Fuyo,”pp. 41-45. Reproduced in full in Gutzwiller 2005 (see footnote 3, above), pp. 175-188 (German and Japanese text), with a comprehensive analysis on pp. 149-155.
1923:
and Myōan-ji, the latter being the former headquarters of the Fuke sect. Many Rinzai monks still practice as komusō during certain celebrations in former Fuke-shū temples that have, since the 19th century, reverted to traditional Rinzai Zen. Notable temples include
1777:
Several smaller schools persisted, often stemming from local Fuke temples preserving fragments of the original repertoire, and small associations and organizations work to continue this musical tradition in the modern era. Notable
Honkyoku schools are:
1988:
1126:(1795), a forged Governmental Decree and a fictional origin-narrative, respectively. Historical research by Nakazuka Chikozan in the 1930s showed the spurious nature of these texts, and a revised history has emerged since then, as set out by
1918:
organizes annual meetings for hundreds of shakuhachi players, Rinzai clerics, and Fuke Zen enthusiasts. The related Myōan
Society, as well as other small groups throughout Japan. KZHK and the Myōan Society operate from their base temples of
2434:(本曲, "original pieces") comprises a repertoire of solo compositions for the shakuhachi, rooted in the heritage of the Fuke Sect of Zen Buddhism. They were initially cultivated for the solicitation of alms by solitary wandering mendicants.
856:
The 18th and 19th century saw a popularization of shakuhachi-playing among lay-people, accompanied by the interpretation and legitimation of this laicization in spiritual and esthetical terms derived from the Zen-tradition, to which the
1524:." It was published at a time when the komusō faced difficulties and started to lose privileges, and its publication may have been an attempt to strengthen their position. The legend itself seems to be older, already mentioned in the
1741:
as a secular instrument. No attempts were made by the
Buddhist mainstream to re-establish the sect, possibly due to its marginal position and the loose connection to the Rinzai-shu, and the laicization of shakuhachi-practice.
1392:, most likely for political reasons. To be given a free pass in these times was a highly unusual and very special exemption from travel restrictions, and rumors from the period held that in return for this privilege the
1410:
as a way to identify them, a provision missing from the shorter versions. They were not recognized as a legal monastic entity beyond these token exemptions by the shogunate, and were not eligible to participate in the
3189:
Stanley Sadie; John
Tyrrell "Japan. SII, 5(ii): Emergence of the Modern Shakuhachi In The New Grove Encyclopedia of Music and Musicians, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan, 2001. Volume #8:
2266:, which completely covered their head like an overturned basket. The idea was that the wearing of such a hat removed the ego of the wearer, whilst also concealing their identity. Further, the government granted the
1956:
At least several particular individuals in modern times have been known to pursue temporary itinerant lifestyles as komusō, for spiritual or learning purposes. Hõzan Murata, a famous shakuhachi player, maker, and
1612:, but after the mid-18th century restrictions watered down, and non-samurai who could pay the entrance fee were also admitted. Discipline laxed, and members joined who were only attracted by the privileges of the
1555:. According to legend, Puhua roamed the streets ringing a bell while preaching. A man named Zhang Bai asked to become Puhua's student, but was rejected. He then made an instrument of bamboo to imitate the bell.
3837:
2464:
1729:
ceased to exist as a semi-religious institute. It was prohibited by the Meiji-administration during its persecution of
Buddhist institutions. The Meiji government attempted to continue the
920:
were abolished in 1867, like other
Buddhist organisations. Interest in their music style stayed alive in secular audiences, and a number of the pieces they composed and performed, called
1694:, but "a strategy of legitimation for a more and more bourgeois musical tradition of the late Tokugawa-period", harking back to an (imagined) glorious Zen-past. According to Deeg, the
2462:
1573:(心地覚心) (1207–1298), also known as Muhon Kakushin (無本覺心) and posthumously as Hotto Kokushi (法燈國師). Kakushin had travelled in China for six years and studied with the famous Chinese
1246:
were initially a loose affiliation of monks and lay pilgrims, but solidified as an organized group in the 1600s. After the civil wars of the 15th–16th century, masterless samurai (
1650:, the playing of the shakuhachi. According to Deeg, "The only extant writing which really has Zen-inspired content was composed by Hisamatsu Masagoro Fuyo (1790–1845)", namely
1346:(Governmental Decree of the Keichô Years, 1596–1615), a falsified decree signed 1614 but actually dated to around 1680, intended to lend legitimacy to already existing
2463:
1327:
were transferred to two temples in Edo, where they could better be controlled. A directive from the government from 1677 marks this recognition, and control over, the
2620:
The earliest list of the repertoire is dated to the first half of the 18th century, and the compositions do not contain direct references to the terminology of the
1763:
Grandmasters Araki Kodo II (Chikuo I) and
Yoshida Ittcho successfully petitioned the new government to allow secular shakuhachi music to continue. Practice of the
1737:
was banned entirely for four years by the Meiji government, after which it was decreed that secular playing was permitted, and practitioners went on to teach the
1698:
served also as a legitimation of this laicization, or "bourgoisization", which explains why householders have such a prominent place in its fabricated lineage.
1900:
The major schools of shakuhachi music that survive to today come from two guilds: the Meian and Kinko. These guilds are a synthesis of two sects of an earlier
3493:
1690:, "assistant flutists related to the (Fuke-)shu", mainly training lay-people. Deeg concludes that the spiritalization is not a development from within the
1584:
Yet, no mention is made in Kakushin's diaries of the shakuhachi, and the four "disciples" who purportedly returned with him to Japan were just servants. No
4638:
1592:
seems to have been a Japanese creation. Typically, its "members" had no doctrines or scriptures, nor any parishioners, and Fuke-adherents rarely chanted
5553:
4028:
1563:
1795:
1512:
does not appear before the 19th century, and the sect has never been officially acknowledged as a distinct Zen-school. The name is derived from the
1869:
1858:
1847:
3739:
3542:
2717:: "Here, he speaks of “going all the way with intellect and then going beyond intellect” on the path to enlightenment. He distinguishes the form (
5557:
1646:
Deeg notes that in the 19th century there was a process of laicization, spiritualization and aesthatization of the distinguishing feature of the
5781:
3175:
6539:
3998:
1581:(無門) of the Linji lineage. Kakushin became a disciple of the lay-teacher Chôsan, who claimed to be a 16th generation dharma-heir of Puhua.
2491:
The following Honkyoku make up what is now known as the Kinko Ryu Shakuahchi Honkyoku Repertoire, the pieces played by the Kinko school:
1891:
797:
4106:
3841:
3863:
3774:
1359:
Several versions of this document exist, which can be divided in short and long versions, reflecting the power-struggle between the
942:(薦僧; literally "straw-mat monks"). By the mid-17th century, different characters were used for the same pronunciation, resulting in
3383:
6373:
5825:
3543:"Komusō and "Shakuhachi-Zen": From Historical Legitimation to the Spiritualisation of a Buddhist denomination in the Edo Period"
6028:
4008:
3836:
Komuso and "Shakuhachi-Zen" From Historical Legitimation to the Spiritualisation of a Buddhist denomination in the Edo Period
3740:
Komuso and "Shakuhachi-Zen": From Historical Legitimation to the Spiritualisation of a Buddhist Denomination in the Edo Period
3593:
3108:
2947:
1769:
survived thanks to these efforts, and documentation of the musical repertoire of the performers survived through the period.
1220:, predecessors of the later "priests of nothingness", were poor beggar monks without any social status in society. The later
3827:
4191:
4033:
6569:
6544:
6534:
6368:
3290:"Komuso and Shakuhachi-Zen From Historical Legitimation to Spiritualisation of a Buddhist Denomination in the Edo Period"
6265:
5815:
3910:
3619:
Deconstructing Traditional Japanese Music: A Study on Shakuhachi, Historical Authenticity and Transmission of Tradition
1365:
and the government. The short versions show that the government designated the institutionalisation for the lodging of
298:
6559:
4111:
3683:
3576:
3477:
3073:
1309:
was recognized as a temple in the early 17th century, at the beginning of the Edo period. While first a subtemple of
6358:
2937:
6043:
5788:
827:("priest of nothingness" or "monk of emptiness") were wandering non-monastic lay Buddhists from the warrior-class (
758:
3629:"Analysis of Transmission in Japanese Traditional Art Forms: Part 2, A Comprehensive study of Shakuhachi Lineages"
3497:
1516:, a text in classical Chinese that was published in 1795 together with a Japanese translation and commentary, the
6435:
6425:
4254:
3617:
790:
427:
1973:, known for his innovations with and revitalization of the shakuhachi repertoire, and the popularization of the
6380:
6033:
5835:
5726:
5671:
4244:
2199:
pieces are traditionally played in the manner of a personal spiritual practice and not as a public performance.
653:
3768:
1264:
took place during the first half of the 17th century, and the Tokugawa Shogunate tightened its control of the
6350:
6048:
5731:
4023:
3856:
771:
3467:
6554:
5933:
5805:
5776:
5478:
1961:(grandmaster), lived as a komusō for 8 months in 1974. Perhaps the most well known contemporary komusō are
1317:, founded by Kakushin, was forged, and officially acknowledged in 1767; a move which was apologized in the
2624:, indication that the incorporation of Zen-philosophy, or "shakuhachi-Zen", is a 19th-century phenomenon.
1621:
accompanied by the development of a Zen-derived spiritual narrative, building on the Zen-narrative of the
703:
6564:
5624:
5533:
5003:
4648:
4161:
4056:
3369:, Volume 1. Ed. Dan E Mayers : Christopher Blasdel, “The Shakuhachi: Aesthetics of a single tone,” p. 13.
5168:
3456:, Volume 1. Ed. Dan E Mayers : Ralph Samuelson, “Toward an understanding of Shakuhachi Honkyoku,” p. 33.
3444:, Volume 1. Ed. Dan E Mayers : Christopher Blasdel, “The Shakuhachi: Aesthetics of a single tone,” p. 14
6473:
5953:
5429:
4915:
4038:
3871:
3557:
2179:
783:
648:
251:
5363:
3758:
6363:
6176:
6166:
6038:
5021:
4601:
4362:
4337:
2455:
2235:) worn on the head, manifesting the absence of specific ego but also useful for traveling incognito.
2168:
658:
4387:
1352:-practices. Presented with this forgery, the shogunate eventually accepted it, to provide refuge to
1276:
and other deviant groups, "extending authority through the Buddhist institutions". In response, the
1177:("straw-mat monks", named after the straw sleeping-mats which they carried along), which played the
6468:
5820:
5634:
5612:
5605:
5508:
5041:
4661:
4477:
4422:
4043:
3849:
3719:
3662:
Pope, Edgar W. (2000). "The Shakuhachi, the Fuke-shu, and the Scholars: a Historical Controversy".
3604:
3583:
1907:
The Myoan Kyokai stands as a significant bastion of this tradition, but lack organizational unity.
1474:
and other pieces, but it does not mention any of the pieces considered to be the "three classics" (
2155:
According to Deeg, the image of "shakuhachi-Zen" as a spiritual practice is reinforced by western
6549:
6405:
6385:
5716:
5696:
5453:
5183:
4427:
1568:
3065:
1662:(海靜法語, "Dharma-words of the silent sea", 1838). Hisamatsu Fuyo frequently uses expressions like
367:
6524:
6415:
6255:
5923:
5893:
5666:
5617:
5458:
5406:
5401:
5163:
4984:
4881:
4633:
4628:
4377:
422:
291:
4745:
1945:, and players who learn all 60 songs of the tradition can be certified as shakuhachi masters.
1603:
1422:-associated "temple-lodges", early 17th century, their number decreased, as membership of the
6420:
6390:
5971:
5903:
5736:
5651:
5646:
5570:
5565:
5483:
4013:
1282:"banded together and formed a sect", members of which, by their own regulations had to be of
643:
5036:
2000:
67:
6443:
6410:
6395:
5913:
5810:
5756:
5641:
5580:
5548:
5543:
5528:
5513:
5503:
5468:
5381:
5073:
4996:
4299:
4239:
3988:
3955:
3905:
3315:
3092:
Death and Social Order in Tokugawa Japan: Buddhism, Anti-Christianity, and the Danka System
693:
673:
6283:
4898:
4767:
4693:
4569:
4307:
3771:
1941:
Members of the general public can learn to play the shakuhachi at the dojo at Icchoken in
362:
8:
6250:
6129:
5963:
5938:
5928:
5888:
5865:
5748:
5721:
5681:
5600:
5590:
5518:
5445:
4876:
4733:
4514:
4492:
4444:
4264:
4064:
3920:
3900:
4224:
4151:
1828:
913:, but also ushered in the "bourgeoisization" of shakuhachi-playing in the 18th century.
565:
6313:
6218:
6060:
6023:
6018:
5948:
5898:
5845:
5840:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5691:
5676:
5661:
5656:
5595:
5575:
5538:
5463:
5268:
4969:
4893:
4771:
4713:
4554:
4454:
4382:
4357:
4003:
3933:
3707:
3653:
Mau, C.T. (2018). "Gathering to Study: the Case of the Myoan Shakuhachi's Benkyo-kai".
3114:
3058:
2149:
2031:
were characterized in the public imagination of Japan by their playing of solo pieces,
1942:
1935:
1733:, but the komusō were outlawed as they were not a part of this system. Practice of the
1707:
1389:
1226:, on the other hand, had to be of samurai family, even though the practice of teaching
241:
6112:
926:, are preserved, played, and interpreted in the popular imagination as a token of Zen-
600:
580:
6529:
6491:
6453:
6149:
6134:
6097:
6082:
5855:
5771:
5686:
5523:
5488:
5473:
5200:
5190:
4871:
4718:
4703:
4574:
4497:
4417:
4352:
4284:
4171:
3928:
3793:
3679:
3589:
3572:
3473:
3104:
3069:
2943:
2013:
1722:
1456:(Collection of Pieces for beginners on Strings and Bamboo, 1664). This text mentions
1064:
402:
387:
327:
319:
284:
19:
5435:
4229:
4129:
3816:
1962:
1406:
were also given exclusive right to play the instrument during the Edo period by the
620:
445:
6139:
6092:
6087:
5943:
5908:
5883:
5878:
5629:
5585:
5498:
5173:
4829:
4822:
4606:
4596:
4482:
4146:
4018:
3806:
3783:
3699:
3096:
1810:
753:
585:
570:
5218:
2939:
The Changing World Religion Map: Sacred Places, Identities, Practices and Politics
6503:
6448:
6400:
6328:
6198:
5996:
5976:
5918:
5830:
5493:
5391:
5238:
4974:
4957:
4942:
4920:
4472:
4342:
4176:
4156:
3831:
3821:
3778:
2352:
1552:
1089:
748:
5248:
4402:
4392:
1574:
555:
500:
6458:
6161:
6011:
5793:
5373:
5353:
5273:
4962:
4952:
4886:
4723:
4209:
4072:
3430:
3032:
2632:
Recordings of the complete honkyoku of the Kinko School have been recorded by
2606:
At least three additional pieces were later added to the Kinko-Ryu repertoire:
1597:
605:
204:
113:
2331:
to accompany their primary flute, possibly as a replacement for the samurai's
595:
550:
480:
6518:
6228:
6077:
5386:
5288:
5146:
4947:
4925:
4861:
4532:
4327:
4322:
4214:
3883:
1970:
1806:
1670:(竹禅一如), and "bamboo and Zen are one and the same"; the shakuhachi is called
1521:
1093:
982:), "priest of nothingness" or "monk of emptiness". The first two characters,
668:
545:
392:
382:
137:
47:, was the head temple of the Fuke sect, founded by the komusō Kyochiku Zenji.
4686:
4676:
4048:
3118:
3090:
6318:
6303:
6273:
6223:
6213:
6055:
5850:
5343:
5178:
5056:
4844:
4839:
4666:
4537:
4412:
3873:
2091:
1929:
1730:
1604:
Codification, laicization, spiritualization and decline (18th–19th century)
1548:
1412:
927:
906:
743:
723:
615:
156:
5101:
5086:
5046:
4743:
4407:
3983:
2102:
means eight, which in this case represents a measure of eight-tenths of a
1920:
1232:
to townspeople had become very popular already in the early 18th century.
713:
167:
44:
6288:
6117:
5258:
5243:
5026:
4834:
4762:
4542:
4372:
4274:
4121:
3993:
3100:
1880:
1495:
930:, continuing the narrative which developed in the 18th and 19th century.
638:
610:
450:
342:
6278:
4738:
3811:
1901:
1181:, and are depicted in paintings and texts from around 1500 onwards. The
417:
412:
172:
40:
6233:
6191:
6067:
5873:
5798:
5412:
5396:
5358:
5338:
5233:
5208:
5116:
5051:
5031:
4777:
4708:
4579:
4462:
4432:
4367:
4317:
3975:
3965:
3938:
3711:
2684:
2657:
2483:
2300:
2261:
2133:
2077:
2065:
1925:
1734:
1718:
1379:
1301:
lodge at Shirakata in Kyoto was chosen as its headquarters, calling it
891:
846:
836:
688:
470:
229:
209:
182:
5253:
4249:
3340:
2371:
from their belt – a container for medicine, tobacco and other items –
6208:
6181:
5348:
5223:
4935:
4851:
4728:
4618:
4591:
4584:
4547:
4504:
4467:
4234:
4199:
4166:
4141:
4096:
3690:
Sanford, James H. (1977). "Shakuhachi Zen. The Fuke-shu and Komuso".
3646:
Situating the Myōan Kyōkai: A Study of Suizen and the Fuke Shakuhachi
3628:
2689:
2394:
2334:
1235:
738:
397:
5981:
4817:
4671:
4437:
4219:
4088:
4080:
3703:
3676:
The Zen Teachings of Master Lin-Chi: A Translation of the Lin-chi lu
3494:""Komuso: Japanese Zen Priest", 2008 article by David Michael Weber"
3384:"The Shakuhachi of the Komuso: A Tradition Alive and Well in Hakata"
3289:
728:
510:
460:
6498:
6338:
6293:
6238:
6203:
6107:
5766:
5333:
5328:
5278:
5213:
5131:
5096:
5091:
4752:
4623:
4611:
4522:
4181:
3878:
3724:
2721:) of shakuhachi music played for entertainment from the emptiness (
2667:
2662:
2351:), would be pitched in rough equivalence to the D or D flat in the
1974:
1760:
718:
530:
234:
214:
5323:
5313:
5298:
5121:
4991:
4259:
1287:
832:
708:
515:
485:
465:
455:
407:
224:
88:
6243:
6186:
6171:
5318:
5308:
5283:
5158:
5153:
5111:
5081:
5013:
4979:
4866:
4807:
4802:
4656:
4559:
4397:
4347:
4134:
3960:
1938:
holds one of remaining temples where Komusō continue to perform.
1520:, "to create a legitimate affiliation between the komusō and the
1283:
849:(1600–1868) they obtained various rights and privileges from the
828:
663:
495:
377:
4930:
4698:
3469:
Edo Culture: Daily Life and Diversions in Urban Japan, 1600-1868
490:
475:
6323:
6308:
6144:
6006:
5986:
5761:
5423:
5303:
5293:
5228:
4856:
4812:
4797:
4787:
4757:
4681:
4564:
4332:
4204:
3948:
3943:
3753:
2672:
2386:
2374:
2314:
2288:
2226:
2148:, ('Zen of blowing (the flute)'), and interpreted as a form of
1969:("empty bell"), in reference to the legend of Puhua (Fuke)—and
1407:
1206:
964:
835:) who were noted for wearing straw basket hats and playing the
733:
683:
678:
590:
560:
372:
352:
246:
3095:. Vol. 282 (1 ed.). Harvard University Asia Center.
1305:. A temple was needed to be regarded as a religious sect, and
1290:, the sect gained the reputation of harbouring troublemakers.
6463:
6298:
6156:
6122:
6102:
6072:
6001:
5418:
5263:
5141:
5136:
5106:
5061:
4908:
4903:
4782:
4487:
4312:
4279:
4269:
2652:
2042:
1965:—who famously carried on the tradition of dubbing shakuhachi
1915:
1745:
1593:
1578:
1540:
1085:
909:. This narrative legitimized the existence and rights of the
895:
698:
575:
535:
525:
520:
505:
357:
347:
99:
1321:. At the request of the government, the headquarters of the
31:) and playing the shakuhachi, as depicted by J. M. W. Silver
6333:
5126:
4792:
4289:
3159:
3157:
2968:
2380:
2366:
2139:
1336:
The purportedly oldest document granting privileges to the
540:
2171:
through a single note – became an important aspect of the
35:
23:
A komusō (monk of the Fuke sect) wearing a basket hat (天蓋
5991:
4527:
3412:
2679:
132:
3154:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2523:
a) Kokū Kaete (Ikkan-ryū) 虚空替手 (一関流) b) Banshikichō 盤渉調
2423:, a box used for collecting alms and holding documents.
2096:
is an old unit of measure close to 1 foot (30 cm).
1638:
instrumental in the spiritualization of the shakuhachi.
3569:
Zen's Chinese Heritage: The Masters and Their Teachings
3316:"Japanese music - Koto, Traditional, Folk | Britannica"
2894:
2892:
2879:
2877:
2826:
2824:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2193:
According to Ralph Samuelson, for suizen practitioners
2190:(religious tool) "to enter the realm of enlightenment".
1750:
1203:
was regarded by some as an instrument for court music (
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2372:
2364:
2358:
2346:
2340:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2312:
2306:
2298:
2292:
2282:
2274:
2267:
2259:
2238:
2230:
2194:
2175:
sect's ‘blowing Zen’ as it developed in later periods.
2143:
2131:
2125:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2089:
2083:
2032:
2018:
2005:
1992:
1764:
1641:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1435:
1393:
1383:
1370:
1360:
1347:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1137:
1109:
1019:
998:
975:
967:
943:
3259:
3257:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3198:
3196:
3185:
3183:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3009:
3007:
2709:
According to Robin Hartshorne and Kazuaki Tanahashi,
16:
Wandering medicants recognized by their flute-playing
3655:
Community Music in Oceania: Many Voices, One Horizon
3215:
3213:
3211:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2889:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2821:
2768:
2756:
1539:
pictured a lineage back to the eccentric Zen master
1433:
1197:-playing monks, and it is recorded that in 1518 the
3400:
1666:(一音成仏(佛), "to achieve enlightenment by one sound",
1191:. There is no evidence of any earlier tradition of
3454:The Annals of the International Shakuhachi Society
3442:The Annals of the International Shakuhachi Society
3367:The Annals of the International Shakuhachi Society
3296:
3269:
3254:
3249:The Annals of the International Shakuhachi Society
3225:
3193:
3180:
3125:
3057:
3004:
2956:
1678:shakuhachi-practice, with all the teachers of the
1378:Travel around Japan was heavily restricted in the
1236:Institutionalization and privileges (17th century)
3822:The Systemisation of the Musical Language of the
3362:
3360:
3208:
2992:
2980:
2904:
2857:
2836:
2743:Or 'the expression of awakening in a single note'
1710:government revoked all formal privileges for the
6516:
3585:The Ashgate Research Companion to Japanese Music
3466:Nishiyama, Matsunosuke; Groemer, Gerald (1997).
3465:
3142:
1980:
1039:meaning "nothing, without". The last character,
2244:
2209:
2064:that covered their entire head as they went on
2050:
1153:were beggar-monks with unshaved heads known as
1071:
1040:
1025:
1004:
983:
949:
894:lineage starting with the eccentric Zen master
866:
811:
3357:
2499:Taki-ochi no Kyoku (Taki-otoshi no Kyoku) 瀧落の曲
2251:
2218:
2114:are made of bamboo and can be very expensive.
2057:
1062:
1047:
1032:
1011:
990:
956:
875:
820:
3857:
3678:. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
3026:
3024:
3022:
1628:
1293:Simple lodges provided accommodation for the
791:
292:
4639:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
3531:
3525:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism
3163:
2049:, while wearing a large woven basket hat or
1608:Initially, membership was restricted to the
1088:), an eccentric Zen master mentioned in the
861:nominally belonged. In the 19th century the
3472:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 124.
2713:("Self-questioning") bears a similarity to
938:Wandering musicians were known at first as
845:('Zen of blowing (the flute)'). During the
43:temple in Kyoto. Myōan-ji, a subsidiary of
3864:
3850:
3611:. Translated by Christopher Yomei Blasdel.
3019:
1746:Secular popularisation (19th–20th century)
798:
784:
299:
285:
3622:(PhD Dissertation). Stockholm University.
3605:"The Shakuhachi. History and Development"
3602:
3377:
3375:
2815:
1173:merged in the late 15th century into the
1131:
3055:
2012:
1999:
1987:
1658:(獨問答, "Monologous dialogues", 1823) and
1375:, and instructing them to act as spies.
1286:descent. Due to the temperaments of the
1108:The understanding of the history of the
34:
18:
5826:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
3689:
2319:-like garment worn over the shoulders.
2291:– especially of a five-crested, formal
1127:
1024:) meaning "nothing, empty, false", and
6517:
6029:List of Buddhist architecture in China
3626:
3615:
3581:
3522:
3372:
3341:"The International Shakuhachi Society"
3033:"The International Shakuhachi Society"
2923:
2868:
2851:
2830:
2627:
2437:
2203:
2088:flute derives its name from its size.
1948:
1772:
1444:The oldest documentation of any named
1313:, in the 18th century a relation with
1003:) mean "nothingness, emptiness", with
3845:
3571:. Wisdom Publications, Boston, 2000.
3381:
2935:
2496:Hifumi—Hachigaeshi no Shirabe 一二三鉢返の調
2474:piece recorded by Araki Kodō III
2163:According to Blasdel, the concept of
1701:
1588:-school is known from China, and the
6540:Defunct schools of Buddhism in Japan
3661:
3540:
3418:
3406:
3302:
3275:
3263:
3236:
3219:
3202:
3148:
3136:
3013:
2974:
2962:
2898:
2883:
2762:
3652:
3648:(PhD thesis). University of London.
3643:
3088:
2998:
2986:
1642:Hisamatsu Masagoro Fuyo (1790–1845)
1562:, Fuke Zen was brought to Japan by
1382:, but the longer versions gave the
890:(1795), which created a fictitious
13:
5816:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
3742:, Japanese Religion 32 (1–2), 7-38
3732:
3532:Buswell; Lopes (2014). "Fukeshu".
3338:
3030:
2444:
1674:(法器), "instrument of the dharma".
14:
6581:
3746:
2345:, usually a 1.8 size instrument (
2229:(a sedge or reed hood known as a
6497:
6487:
6486:
6044:Thai temple art and architecture
5789:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
4029:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
3895:
3882:
3872:
3752:
3633:Journal of East Asian Identities
3534:Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
3287:
2936:Brunn, Stanley D. (2015-02-03).
2725:) of Zen instrumental practice."
2482:Problems playing this file? See
2460:
1654:(獨言, "Monologue", before 1830),
1616:. By the late 18th-century, the
326:
66:
3896:
3582:Hughes, David W. (2017-02-03).
3486:
3459:
3447:
3435:
3424:
3332:
3308:
3281:
3242:
3169:
3082:
3049:
2737:
2728:
2703:
2258:, a type of woven straw hat or
2037:("fundamental pieces"), on the
1426:was strictly restricted to the
1118:had long been dominated by the
886:, after the publication of the
865:-tradition became known as the
6034:Japanese Buddhist architecture
5836:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
4916:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
4107:Places where the Buddha stayed
3767:(a.k.a. The Record of Rinzai)
3627:Linder, Gunnar Jinmei (2017).
3616:Linder, Gunnar Jinmei (2012).
2929:
2225:were characterized by a straw
1719:fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate
1682:, who were not fully ordained
1551:, a clowneske figure from the
1258:. Several uprisings involving
839:bamboo flute, nowadays called
1:
6049:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
3657:. University of Hawai' Press.
3536:. Princeton University Press.
3527:. The Rosen Publishing Group.
3176:Fuke Shakuhachi Official Site
3064:. Osprey publishing. p.
3056:Turnbull, Stephen R. (2005).
2749:
2411:, hand-and-forearm covers, a
2045:), a practice known today as
2004:A Buddhist monk begging as a
1333:, as a distinct institution.
772:Glossary of Japanese Buddhism
5806:Buddhism and the Roman world
5782:Decline of Buddhism in India
5777:History of Buddhism in India
3877: Topics in
1369:, limiting and policing the
1356:and gain control over them.
1211:), not for religious music.
933:
7:
5004:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
4744:
3824:Fukezen Shakuhachi Honkyoku
3556:(1–2): 7–38. Archived from
2646:
2426:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2393:
2385:
2379:shin coverings above their
2373:
2365:
2359:
2347:
2341:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2313:
2307:
2299:
2293:
2283:
2275:
2268:
2260:
2245:
2239:
2231:
2210:
2195:
2144:
2132:
2126:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2090:
2084:
2051:
2033:
2019:
2006:
1993:
1765:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1436:
1394:
1384:
1371:
1361:
1348:
1338:
1329:
1323:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1110:
1072:
1041:
1026:
1020:
1005:
999:
984:
976:
968:
950:
944:
867:
812:
10:
6586:
6570:Japanese words and phrases
6545:Buddhism in the Edo period
6535:Japanese traditional music
5954:The unanswerable questions
3765:The Zen Teaching of Rinzai
3664:Journal of Hokusei Jr. Col
3515:
3164:Buswell & Lopes (2014)
3060:Warriors of Medieval Japan
2180:Christopher Yohmei Blasdel
2075:
1629:Kurosawa Kinko (1710–1771)
1418:While there were over 120
1388:a rare exemption from the
1103:
1100:, meaning school or sect.
252:Traditional Japanese music
6482:
6434:
6349:
6264:
6039:Buddhist temples in Korea
5962:
5864:
5747:
5444:
5372:
5199:
5072:
5012:
4647:
4602:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
4513:
4505:Three planes of existence
4453:
4298:
4190:
4120:
4112:Buddha in world religions
3974:
3919:
3891:
3523:Baroni, Helen J. (2002).
3382:Inoue, Mai (2021-09-30).
2399:headband, covered by the
2252:
2219:
2117:
2058:
1904:guild of komusō priests.
1848:Kurihara (Einosuke) Kinpu
1063:
1048:
1033:
1012:
991:
957:
876:
821:
6560:Japanese styles of music
5821:Persecution of Buddhists
5042:Four stages of awakening
4423:Three marks of existence
4009:Physical characteristics
3720:Shin Meikai kokugo jiten
3603:Kamisango, Yuko (1988).
2697:
2636:Araki Kodo V (Chikuo II)
2571:Sagari Ha no Kyoku 下り葉の曲
2071:
1912:Kyochiku Zenji Hosan Kai
1402:In the longer versions,
1124:Kyotaku denki Kokuti Kai
1054:, means "priest, monk".
5184:Ten principal disciples
4067:(aunt, adoptive mother)
3644:Mau, Christian (2014).
2601:Kotobuki no Shirabe 寿の調
2325:would wear a secondary
1981:Characteristics of the
1803:Chikushinkai (Dokyoku)
5894:Buddhism and democracy
5407:Tibetan Buddhist canon
5402:Chinese Buddhist canon
4634:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
4629:Early Buddhist schools
2977:, p. 27, note 64.
2583:Akebono no Shirabe 曙の調
2559:Shimotsuke Kyorei 下野虚霊
2449:
2417:tassel, and carried a
2024:
2010:
1997:
1844:Nezasa Ha / Kimpu Ryū
1811:Yokoyama Katsuya 横山 勝也
423:Japanese new religions
96:Kyochiku Zenji/Kichiku
48:
32:
5904:Eight Consciousnesses
4014:Life of Buddha in art
3807:Kinko Ryū information
3727:Co., Ltd., Tokyo 1974
3089:Hur, Nam-lin (2007).
2448:
2016:
2003:
1991:
1721:and the start of the
1489:Kyorei/Shin no Kyorei
1477:Mukaiji/Mukaiji reibo
38:
22:
6381:East Asian religions
5811:Buddhism in the West
5382:Early Buddhist texts
4997:Four Right Exertions
4463:Ten spiritual realms
3956:Noble Eightfold Path
3812:Kinko Ryū repertoire
3761:at Wikimedia Commons
3674:Watson, Burton; tr.
3421:, p. 9, note 4.
3101:10.2307/j.ctt1tg5pht
2592:Kotoji no Kyoku 琴柱の曲
2586:Akebono Sugagaki 曙菅垣
2568:Sayama Sugagaki 佐山菅垣
2535:Yūgure no Kyoku 夕暮の曲
2167:– the attainment of
1820:Tajima Tadashi 田嶋直士
1530:Shichiku Shoshin-shû
1453:Shichiku shoshin-shū
1185:came to be known as
1149:Predecessors of the
853:, the ruling elite.
6555:Zen art and culture
6504:Religion portal
6251:Temple of the Tooth
6130:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
5169:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
4662:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
4445:Two truths doctrine
4265:Mahapajapati Gotamī
4065:Mahapajapati Gotamī
3692:Monumenta Nipponica
2628:Complete recordings
2613:Azuma no Kyoku 吾妻の曲
2595:Kinuta Sugomori 砧巣籠
2589:Ashi no Shirabe 芦の調
2556:Sanya Sugagaki 三谷菅垣
2541:Uchikae Kyorei 打替虚霊
2511:Shizu no Kyoku 志図の曲
2502:Akita Sugagaki 秋田菅垣
2438:Kinko Ryū Repertory
2204:Disguise and outfit
1839:Ozaki Shinryu 尾崎真龍
1773:Present-day schools
1717:In 1871, after the
1504:(18th–19th century)
1165:, mentioned in the
1145:(14th–16th century)
1084:(Chinese- Zhenzhou
314:Part of a series on
54:Part of a series on
6565:Japanese musicians
6426:Western philosophy
6024:Dzong architecture
5846:Vipassana movement
5841:Buddhist modernism
5269:Emperor Wen of Sui
5037:Pratyekabuddhayāna
4970:Threefold Training
4772:Vipassana movement
4488:Hungry Ghost realm
4308:Avidyā (Ignorance)
4255:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
4004:Great Renunciation
3999:Eight Great Events
3881:
3830:2017-11-07 at the
3817:Dokyoku repertoire
3777:2009-05-08 at the
3738:Deeg, Max (2007),
3550:Japanese Religions
3541:Deeg, Max (2007).
3320:www.britannica.com
2598:Tsuki no Kyoku 月の曲
2577:Shika no Tōne 鹿の遠音
2532:Yoshiya Reibo 吉野鈴慕
2529:Kinsan Kyorei 琴三虚霊
2450:
2142:is known today as
2041:(a type of bamboo
2025:
2011:
1998:
1807:Watazumi Doso 海童道祖
1702:Abolishment (1871)
1434:Oldest documented
1390:Tokugawa shogunate
916:The rights of the
242:Tokugawa shogunate
49:
33:
6512:
6511:
6150:Om mani padme hum
5856:Women in Buddhism
5772:Buddhist councils
5642:Western countries
5430:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
5191:Shaolin Monastery
4768:Samatha-vipassanā
4378:Pratītyasamutpāda
4182:Metteyya/Maitreya
4100:
4092:
4084:
4076:
4068:
4060:
4052:
3929:Four Noble Truths
3757:Media related to
3595:978-1-351-69760-6
3110:978-0-674-02503-5
2949:978-94-017-9376-6
2574:Namima Reibo 波間鈴慕
2562:Meguro-jishi 目黒獅子
2553:Sōkaku Reibo 巣鶴鈴慕
2550:Reibo Nagashi 鈴慕流
2517:Mukaiji Reibo 霧海箎
2508:Kyūshū Reibo 九州鈴慕
2505:Koro Sugagaki 転菅垣
2465:
2353:twelve-tone scale
2152:, "meditation").
1910:The contemporary
1898:
1897:
1836:Myoan Shinpo Ryū
1723:Meiji Restoration
1558:According to the
1344:Keichō Okite Gaki
1122:(c.1680) and the
1120:Keichô Okite Gaki
808:
807:
320:Buddhism in Japan
309:
308:
6577:
6502:
6501:
6490:
6489:
6329:Sacred languages
6177:Maya Devi Temple
6140:Mahabodhi Temple
5944:Secular Buddhism
5909:Engaged Buddhism
4749:
4597:Tibetan Buddhism
4548:Vietnamese Thiền
4147:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
4098:
4090:
4082:
4074:
4066:
4058:
4050:
3899:
3898:
3886:
3876:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3843:
3842:
3791:Hisamatsu Fūyō.
3756:
3715:
3671:
3658:
3649:
3640:
3623:
3612:
3599:
3567:Ferguson, Andy.
3564:
3562:
3547:
3537:
3528:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3496:. Archived from
3490:
3484:
3483:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3379:
3370:
3364:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3339:Nelson, Ronald.
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3234:
3223:
3217:
3206:
3200:
3191:
3187:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3123:
3122:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3063:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3031:Nelson, Ronald.
3028:
3017:
3011:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2902:
2901:, p. 33-36.
2896:
2887:
2886:, p. 31-32.
2881:
2872:
2866:
2855:
2849:
2834:
2828:
2819:
2816:Kamisango (1988)
2813:
2766:
2765:, p. 29-32.
2760:
2744:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2726:
2707:
2610:Kumoi Jishi 雲井獅子
2565:Ginryū Kokū 吟龍虚空
2544:Igusa Reibo 葦草鈴慕
2467:
2466:
2447:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2390:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2350:
2344:
2339:; their primary
2338:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2310:
2305:, as well as an
2304:
2296:
2286:
2278:
2271:
2265:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2198:
2147:
2137:
2129:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2087:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2036:
2022:
2009:
1996:
1914:(KZHK) group in
1829:Miyata Kohachiro
1781:
1780:
1768:
1751:Survival of the
1668:chikuzen ichinyo
1572:
1564:Shinchi Kakushin
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1450:piece is in the
1449:
1439:
1397:
1387:
1374:
1364:
1351:
1341:
1332:
1326:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1210:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1169:(c.1330). These
1132:Kamisango (1988)
1113:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
994:
993:
987:
981:
973:
962:
960:
959:
953:
947:
881:
879:
878:
872:
826:
824:
823:
817:
800:
793:
786:
754:Haibutsu kishaku
330:
311:
310:
301:
294:
287:
210:Edo period Japan
118:Chang Po/Chōhaku
70:
51:
50:
39:The entrance to
6585:
6584:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6496:
6478:
6430:
6345:
6260:
5997:Ordination hall
5958:
5860:
5831:Buddhist crisis
5743:
5440:
5392:Mahayana sutras
5368:
5364:Thích Nhất Hạnh
5195:
5068:
5008:
4958:Bodhisattva vow
4643:
4509:
4449:
4408:Taṇhā (Craving)
4343:Five hindrances
4294:
4186:
4116:
3970:
3915:
3887:
3870:
3832:Wayback Machine
3779:Wayback Machine
3749:
3735:
3733:Further reading
3730:
3704:10.2307/2384045
3596:
3560:
3545:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3503:
3501:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3464:
3460:
3452:
3448:
3440:
3436:
3431:Ichi-on Jobutsu
3429:
3425:
3417:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3392:
3390:
3380:
3373:
3365:
3358:
3349:
3347:
3337:
3333:
3324:
3322:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3301:
3297:
3286:
3282:
3274:
3270:
3262:
3255:
3247:
3243:
3235:
3226:
3218:
3209:
3201:
3194:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3170:
3162:
3155:
3147:
3143:
3135:
3126:
3111:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3054:
3050:
3041:
3039:
3029:
3020:
3012:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2985:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2934:
2930:
2922:
2905:
2897:
2890:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2858:
2850:
2837:
2829:
2822:
2814:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2649:
2630:
2604:
2538:Sakai Jishi 栄獅子
2526:Shin Kyorei 真虚霊
2489:
2488:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2440:
2429:
2391:sandals, and a
2249:
2216:
2206:
2165:ichi on jōbutsu
2124:The playing of
2122:
2080:
2074:
2055:
1986:
1954:
1796:Sakai Chikuho I
1775:
1757:
1748:
1704:
1644:
1631:
1606:
1566:
1553:Record of Linji
1528:(1628) and the
1506:
1483:Kokū/Kokū Reibo
1442:
1238:
1147:
1106:
1090:Record of Linji
1076:
1060:
1045:
1030:
1009:
988:
954:
936:
873:
818:
804:
764:
763:
749:Shinbutsu bunri
674:Shinbutsu-shūgō
634:
626:
625:
601:Murakami Senshō
581:Hasegawa Tōhaku
441:
433:
432:
338:
305:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6583:
6573:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6550:Buddhist music
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6494:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6440:
6438:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6361:
6355:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6342:
6341:
6336:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6270:
6268:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6064:
6063:
6061:Greco-Buddhist
6053:
6052:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6012:Burmese pagoda
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5968:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5794:Greco-Buddhism
5791:
5786:
5785:
5784:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5753:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5727:United Kingdom
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5672:Czech Republic
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5632:
5622:
5621:
5620:
5610:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5551:
5546:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5450:
5448:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5438:
5436:Abhidharmadīpa
5433:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5378:
5376:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5354:B. R. Ambedkar
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5274:Songtsen Gampo
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5078:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4953:Eight precepts
4950:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4832:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4741:
4731:
4726:
4724:Five Strengths
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4519:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4465:
4459:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4363:Mental factors
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4304:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4215:Mahamoggallāna
4212:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4130:Avalokiteśvara
4126:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3931:
3925:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3869:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3789:
3781:
3762:
3748:
3747:External links
3745:
3744:
3743:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3716:
3698:(4): 411–440.
3687:
3672:
3659:
3650:
3641:
3624:
3613:
3600:
3594:
3579:
3565:
3563:on 2013-04-08.
3538:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3485:
3478:
3458:
3446:
3434:
3423:
3411:
3409:, p. 8-9.
3399:
3371:
3356:
3345:www.komuso.com
3331:
3307:
3295:
3280:
3268:
3253:
3241:
3224:
3207:
3192:
3179:
3168:
3153:
3141:
3124:
3109:
3081:
3074:
3048:
3037:www.komuso.com
3018:
3003:
2991:
2979:
2967:
2955:
2948:
2928:
2903:
2888:
2873:
2856:
2835:
2833:, p. 103.
2820:
2767:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2655:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2642:Yamaguchi Goro
2640:
2637:
2629:
2626:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2547:Izu Reibo 伊豆鈴慕
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2520:Kokū Reibo 虚空
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2479:
2469:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2428:
2425:
2348:I shaku ha sun
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2191:
2186:was used as a
2176:
2138:in return for
2121:
2116:
2076:Main article:
2073:
2070:
1985:
1979:
1963:Kokū Nishimura
1953:
1947:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1870:Higuchi Taizan
1867:
1863:
1862:
1859:Kanemoto Seien
1856:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1774:
1771:
1756:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1703:
1700:
1664:ichion jobutsu
1643:
1640:
1630:
1627:
1605:
1602:
1598:Buddhist texts
1505:
1494:
1441:
1432:
1237:
1234:
1146:
1136:
1128:Sanford (1977)
1105:
1102:
935:
932:
806:
805:
803:
802:
795:
788:
780:
777:
776:
775:
774:
766:
765:
762:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
635:
632:
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
621:Suzuki Shunryū
618:
613:
608:
606:Nishida Kitarō
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
442:
439:
438:
435:
434:
431:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
339:
336:
335:
332:
331:
323:
322:
316:
315:
307:
306:
304:
303:
296:
289:
281:
278:
277:
276:
275:
273:Kyotaku Denki
270:
262:
261:
257:
256:
255:
254:
249:
244:
239:
238:
237:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
205:Buddhist music
199:
198:
194:
193:
192:
191:
188:
185:
180:
179:
178:
175:
165:
162:
159:
154:
148:
147:
143:
142:
141:
140:
135:
127:
126:
122:
121:
120:
119:
116:
114:Kinko Kurosawa
111:
108:
105:
102:
97:
94:
91:
86:
83:
77:
76:
72:
71:
63:
62:
56:
55:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6582:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6525:Rinzai school
6523:
6522:
6520:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6493:
6485:
6484:
6481:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6433:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6267:
6266:Miscellaneous
6263:
6257:
6256:Vegetarianism
6254:
6252:
6249:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6078:Buddha in art
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5863:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5732:United States
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5559:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5443:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5289:Padmasambhava
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5201:Major figures
5198:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5148:
5147:Western tulku
5145:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4948:Five precepts
4946:
4945:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4926:Dhamma vicaya
4924:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4694:Buddhābhiṣeka
4692:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4338:Enlightenment
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4328:Dhamma theory
4326:
4324:
4323:Buddha-nature
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4162:Samantabhadra
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4093:
4087:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4071:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3855:
3853:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3786:Kyotaku Denki
3782:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3685:
3684:0-231-11485-0
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3588:. Routledge.
3587:
3586:
3580:
3578:
3577:0-86171-163-7
3574:
3570:
3566:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3500:on 2014-04-26
3499:
3495:
3489:
3481:
3479:0-8248-1736-2
3475:
3471:
3470:
3462:
3455:
3450:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3427:
3420:
3415:
3408:
3403:
3389:
3385:
3378:
3376:
3368:
3363:
3361:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3305:, p. 33.
3304:
3299:
3291:
3284:
3278:, p. 32.
3277:
3272:
3266:, p. 31.
3265:
3260:
3258:
3250:
3245:
3239:, p. 30.
3238:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3221:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3205:, p. 29.
3204:
3199:
3197:
3186:
3184:
3177:
3172:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3150:
3145:
3139:, p. 28.
3138:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3085:
3077:
3075:1-84176-864-2
3071:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3052:
3038:
3034:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3016:, p. 35.
3015:
3010:
3008:
3001:, p. 76.
3000:
2995:
2989:, p. 52.
2988:
2983:
2976:
2971:
2965:, p. 34.
2964:
2959:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2932:
2925:
2924:Hughes (2017)
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2885:
2880:
2878:
2870:
2869:Linder (2017)
2865:
2863:
2861:
2853:
2852:Linder (2012)
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2832:
2827:
2825:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2740:
2731:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2702:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2641:
2639:Aoki Reibo II
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2625:
2623:
2622:Kyotaku denki
2615:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2514:Kyō Reibo 京鈴慕
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2473:
2457:
2456:Shika no Tōne
2435:
2433:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2389:
2388:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2368:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2277:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2247:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2214:
2213:
2197:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2178:According to
2177:
2174:
2170:
2169:enlightenment
2166:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2120:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2021:
2015:
2008:
2002:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1971:Watazumi Doso
1968:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1949:Contemporary
1946:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1754:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:Hitori-gotoba
1649:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1560:Kyotaku denki
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1537:Kyotaku denki
1533:
1531:
1527:
1526:Boro-no Techô
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:Kyotaku denki
1511:
1503:
1499:
1498:Kyotaku denki
1493:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1438:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1320:
1319:Kuotaku Denki
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1252:) joined the
1250:
1244:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1214:The earliest
1212:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1101:
1099:
1096:Buddhist and
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1074:
1066:
1059:
1055:
1043:
1028:
1022:
1007:
1001:
986:
980:
979:
972:
971:
966:
952:
946:
941:
931:
929:
925:
924:
919:
914:
912:
908:
904:
901:
897:
893:
889:
888:Kyotaku denki
885:
871:
870:
864:
860:
854:
852:
848:
844:
843:
838:
834:
830:
816:
815:
801:
796:
794:
789:
787:
782:
781:
779:
778:
773:
770:
769:
768:
767:
760:
759:Gozan Bungaku
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
669:Honji suijaku
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
630:
629:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
546:Issan Ichinei
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
437:
436:
429:
428:Zen in the US
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
340:
334:
333:
329:
325:
324:
321:
318:
317:
313:
312:
302:
297:
295:
290:
288:
283:
282:
280:
279:
274:
271:
269:
268:Boro-no-Techō
266:
265:
264:
263:
259:
258:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
236:
233:
232:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
202:
201:
200:
196:
195:
189:
186:
184:
181:
176:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
158:
155:
152:
151:
150:
149:
145:
144:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
129:
128:
124:
123:
117:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
101:
98:
95:
92:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
79:
78:
74:
73:
69:
65:
64:
61:
58:
57:
53:
52:
46:
42:
37:
30:
26:
21:
6444:Bodhisattvas
6364:Christianity
6359:Baháʼí Faith
6224:Dharmachakra
6214:Prayer wheel
6204:Prayer beads
5972:Architecture
5851:969 Movement
5635:Saudi Arabia
5613:Central Asia
5606:South Africa
5428:
5411:
5344:Panchen Lama
5249:Buddhapālita
4845:Satipatthana
4840:Mindful Yoga
4753:Recollection
4667:Brahmavihara
4538:Japanese Zen
4533:Chinese Chan
4493:Animal realm
4300:Key concepts
4122:Bodhisattvas
3934:Three Jewels
3823:
3794:Hitori Mondō
3792:
3785:
3764:
3718:
3695:
3691:
3675:
3667:
3663:
3654:
3645:
3636:
3632:
3618:
3608:
3584:
3568:
3558:the original
3553:
3549:
3533:
3524:
3502:. Retrieved
3498:the original
3488:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3449:
3441:
3437:
3426:
3414:
3402:
3391:. Retrieved
3387:
3366:
3348:. Retrieved
3344:
3334:
3323:. Retrieved
3319:
3310:
3298:
3283:
3271:
3248:
3244:
3222:, p. 9.
3171:
3144:
3119:j.ctt1tg5pht
3091:
3084:
3059:
3051:
3040:. Retrieved
3036:
2994:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2942:. Springer.
2938:
2931:
2758:
2739:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2711:Hitori Mondō
2710:
2705:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2616:Sugagaki 菅垣
2605:
2490:
2481:
2471:
2431:
2430:
2405:. They wore
2357:
2297:style – and
2281:
2237:
2211:
2207:
2187:
2183:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2154:
2123:
2118:
2081:
2046:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2017:Sketch of a
1982:
1966:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1940:
1934:
1930:Ichigatsu-ji
1911:
1909:
1906:
1899:
1817:Jikishō Ryū
1792:Chikuho Ryū
1776:
1758:
1752:
1738:
1731:Danka system
1726:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1656:Hitori-mondo
1655:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1559:
1557:
1544:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1443:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1413:Danka system
1403:
1401:
1377:
1366:
1358:
1353:
1343:
1335:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1239:
1213:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1097:
1081:
1057:
1056:
977:
969:
939:
937:
928:spirituality
922:
921:
917:
915:
910:
902:
899:
887:
883:
880:, Fuke sect)
868:
862:
858:
855:
850:
841:
840:
813:
809:
744:Danka system
654:Architecture
616:D. T. Suzuki
556:Sen no Rikyū
388:Jōdo Shinshū
272:
267:
219:
157:Ichigatsu-ji
59:
28:
24:
6289:Dharma talk
6118:Asalha Puja
5914:Eschatology
5717:Switzerland
5697:New Zealand
5625:Middle East
5534:Philippines
5454:Afghanistan
5259:Bodhidharma
5244:Buddhaghosa
5164:Householder
5074:Monasticism
5027:Bodhisattva
4882:Prostration
4835:Mindfulness
4763:Anapanasati
4746:Kammaṭṭhāna
4543:Korean Seon
4483:Asura realm
4478:Human realm
4418:Ten Fetters
4373:Parinirvana
4275:Uppalavanna
4240:Mahākaccana
4225:Mahākassapa
4157:Kṣitigarbha
4152:Ākāśagarbha
4049:Suddhodāna
3994:Four sights
3921:Foundations
3723:(新明解国語辞典),
3419:Deeg (2007)
3407:Deeg (2007)
3388:Fukuoka Now
3288:Deeg, Max.
3276:Deeg (2007)
3264:Deeg (2007)
3237:Deeg (2007)
3220:Deeg (2007)
3203:Deeg (2007)
3149:Deeg (2007)
3137:Deeg (2007)
3014:Pope (2000)
2975:Deeg (2007)
2963:Pope (2000)
2899:Pope (2000)
2884:Deeg (2007)
2831:Baroni 2002
2763:Deeg (2007)
2580:Hōshōsu 鳳将雛
1936:Hakata Ward
1881:Nakao Tozan
1688:shuen josui
1660:Kaisei-hogo
1567: [
1167:Tsurezurega
639:Nihon Shoki
596:Inoue Enryō
571:Takuan Sōhō
566:Sesshū Tōyō
551:Musō Soseki
481:En no Gyōja
451:Tori Busshi
440:Key figures
187:Shukugawara
6519:Categories
6406:Psychology
6386:Gnosticism
6374:Comparison
6369:Influences
6351:Comparison
6234:Bhavacakra
6192:Kushinagar
6167:Pilgrimage
6113:Māgha Pūjā
6068:Bodhi Tree
5884:Buddhology
5874:Abhidharma
5866:Philosophy
5799:Menander I
5667:Costa Rica
5618:Uzbekistan
5459:Bangladesh
5413:Dhammapada
5397:Pali Canon
5359:Ajahn Chah
5339:Dalai Lama
5239:Kumārajīva
5234:Vasubandhu
5209:The Buddha
5117:Zen master
5052:Sakadagami
5032:Buddhahood
4963:Pratimokṣa
4778:Shikantaza
4734:Meditation
4709:Deity yoga
4580:Madhyamaka
4473:Deva realm
4368:Mindstream
4318:Bodhicitta
4230:Aṅgulimāla
4097:Devadatta
4073:Yaśodharā
3976:The Buddha
3966:Middle Way
3639:: 117–127.
3504:2014-04-26
3393:2023-12-27
3350:2023-12-27
3325:2023-12-27
3042:2023-12-27
2999:Mau (2018)
2987:Mau (2014)
2750:References
2658:Shakuhachi
2484:media help
2383:socks and
2342:shakuhachi
2328:shakuhachi
2184:shakuhachi
2157:shakuhachi
2134:shakuhachi
2111:shakuhachi
2085:shakuhachi
2078:Shakuhachi
2066:pilgrimage
2039:shakuhachi
1959:dai-shihan
1926:Kokutai-ji
1877:Tozan Ryū
1866:Taizan Ha
1855:Seien Ryū
1766:shakuhachi
1755:-tradition
1753:shakuhachi
1739:shakuhachi
1735:shakuhachi
1549:Tang China
1522:Rinzai-shu
1518:Kokuji Kai
1380:Edo period
1297:, and the
1229:shakuhachi
1200:shakuhachi
1194:shakuhachi
1179:shakuhachi
1092:a Chinese
907:Tang China
892:Rinzai Zen
847:Edo period
837:shakuhachi
694:Zen garden
689:Death poem
633:Key topics
611:Shaku Sōen
260:Literature
230:Shakuhachi
183:Kokutai-ji
138:Rinzai-shū
125:Philosophy
100:Fuke/Puhua
6474:Festivals
6454:Buddhists
6416:Theosophy
6219:Symbolism
6209:Hama yumi
6182:Bodh Gaya
5949:Socialism
5924:Evolution
5899:Economics
5737:Venezuela
5652:Australia
5647:Argentina
5571:Sri Lanka
5566:Singapore
5484:Indonesia
5446:Countries
5387:Tripiṭaka
5349:Ajahn Mun
5224:Nagarjuna
5219:Aśvaghoṣa
5102:Anagārika
5097:Śrāmaṇerī
5092:Śrāmaṇera
5087:Bhikkhunī
5047:Sotāpanna
4936:Passaddhi
4877:Offerings
4852:Nekkhamma
4729:Iddhipada
4649:Practices
4619:Theravada
4592:Vajrayana
4585:Yogachara
4555:Pure Land
4468:Six Paths
4455:Cosmology
4235:Anuruddha
4210:Sāriputta
4200:Kaundinya
4192:Disciples
4167:Vajrapāṇi
4019:Footprint
3984:Tathāgata
3303:Deeg 2007
2395:hachimaki
2335:wakizashi
2294:mon-tsuki
1943:Hakata-ku
1921:Tōfuku-ji
1892:Ueda Hodo
1888:Ueda Ryū
1761:Kinko Ryu
1714:in 1847.
1680:Kinko-ryu
1596:or other
1508:The name
1459:Kyō Renbo
1315:Kōkoku-ji
1073:Fuke sect
965:romanized
934:Etymology
739:Senjafuda
714:Ikkō-ikki
190:Kokuzo-do
177:Zenkei-in
168:Tōfuku-ji
164:Kokoku-ji
107:Zhang Bai
45:Tōfuku-ji
6530:Fuke Zen
6492:Category
6421:Violence
6391:Hinduism
6339:Sanskrit
6294:Hinayana
6279:Amitābha
6239:Swastika
6108:Uposatha
6098:Holidays
6083:Calendar
5929:Humanism
5767:Kanishka
5757:Timeline
5581:Thailand
5549:Kalmykia
5544:Buryatia
5529:Pakistan
5514:Mongolia
5509:Maldives
5504:Malaysia
5469:Cambodia
5334:Shamarpa
5329:Nichiren
5279:Xuanzang
5214:Nagasena
5132:Rinpoche
4862:Pāramitā
4704:Devotion
4624:Navayana
4612:Dzogchen
4575:Nichiren
4523:Mahayana
4515:Branches
4393:Saṅkhāra
4142:Mañjuśrī
4099:(cousin)
4091:(cousin)
4059:(mother)
4051:(father)
4039:Miracles
3989:Birthday
3906:Glossary
3879:Buddhism
3828:Archived
3801:Honkyoku
3775:Archived
3725:Sanseido
3670:: 31–44.
2668:Hotchiku
2663:Honkyoku
2647:See also
2472:honkyoku
2432:Honkyoku
2427:Honkyoku
2308:o-kuwara
2220:虚無僧/こむそう
2196:honkyoku
2127:honkyoku
2034:honkyoku
1975:hotchiku
1902:Fuke-shū
1798:初世酒井 竹保
1787:Founder
1708:Tokugawa
1590:Fuke-shū
1532:(1664).
1510:Fuke-shū
1502:Fuke-shū
1500:and the
1447:honkyoku
1437:honkyoku
1404:komuso's
1311:Reiho-ji
1307:Myōan-ji
1303:Myōan-ji
1159:boroboro
1151:komuso's
1116:Fuke-shu
1114:and the
1065:Japanese
1058:Fuke-shū
923:honkyoku
884:Fuke Zen
869:Fuke-shū
719:Butsudan
684:Nenbutsu
531:Nichiren
418:Shugendo
413:Fuke-shū
403:Nichiren
383:Jōdo-shū
235:Hotchiku
215:Honkyoku
173:Myōan-ji
161:Icchoken
153:Reiho-ji
93:Kakushin
85:Ichirōsō
41:Myōan-ji
6469:Temples
6449:Buddhas
6411:Science
6401:Judaism
6396:Jainism
6314:Lineage
6274:Abhijñā
6244:Thangka
6187:Sarnath
6172:Lumbini
6093:Funeral
6088:Cuisine
5964:Culture
5939:Reality
5889:Creator
5879:Atomism
5749:History
5722:Ukraine
5682:Germany
5601:Senegal
5591:Vietnam
5519:Myanmar
5319:Shinran
5309:Karmapa
5284:Shandao
5254:Dignāga
5179:Śrāvaka
5159:Donchee
5154:Kappiya
5112:Sayadaw
5082:Bhikkhu
5057:Anāgāmi
5014:Nirvana
4980:Samadhi
4867:Paritta
4808:Tonglen
4803:Mandala
4758:Smarana
4739:Mantras
4687:Upekkha
4657:Bhavana
4607:Shingon
4560:Tiantai
4413:Tathātā
4403:Śūnyatā
4398:Skandha
4388:Saṃsāra
4383:Rebirth
4358:Kleshas
4348:Indriya
4250:Subhūti
4135:Guanyin
4089:Ānanda
4081:Rāhula
3961:Nirvana
3901:Outline
3712:2384045
3516:Sources
3190:833-834
2243:wore a
2130:on the
2108:. True
2023:(right)
1967:kyotaku
1825:Mu Ryû
1784:School
1610:samurai
1577:master
1471:Yoshino
1428:samurai
1342:is the
1284:samurai
1163:boronji
1104:History
1080:, from
970:komusou
829:samurai
704:Daimoku
664:Hongaku
659:Temples
649:Deities
586:Sakuden
496:Shinran
446:Shōtoku
378:Shingon
343:Jōjitsu
337:Schools
6464:Sutras
6459:Suttas
6324:Siddhi
6309:Koliya
6284:Brahmā
6199:Poetry
6145:Mantra
6135:Kasaya
6007:Pagoda
5987:Kyaung
5982:Vihāra
5977:Temple
5919:Ethics
5762:Ashoka
5712:Sweden
5707:Poland
5702:Norway
5692:Mexico
5677:France
5662:Canada
5657:Brazil
5596:Africa
5576:Taiwan
5539:Russia
5464:Bhutan
5424:Vinaya
5304:Naropa
5294:Saraha
5229:Asanga
4985:Prajñā
4894:Refuge
4857:Nianfo
4818:Tertön
4813:Tantra
4798:Ganana
4788:Tukdam
4714:Dhyāna
4682:Mudita
4677:Karuṇā
4570:Risshū
4565:Huayan
4498:Naraka
4438:Anattā
4433:Dukkha
4428:Anicca
4333:Dharma
4285:Channa
4220:Ānanda
4205:Assaji
4172:Skanda
4075:(wife)
4044:Family
4024:Relics
3949:Sangha
3944:Dharma
3939:Buddha
3759:Komusō
3710:
3682:
3609:Komuso
3592:
3575:
3476:
3117:
3107:
3072:
2946:
2715:suizen
2685:Rinzai
2673:Suizen
2420:gebako
2402:tengai
2387:waraji
2375:kyahan
2360:Komusō
2322:Komusō
2315:rakusu
2289:kimono
2284:Komusō
2276:komusō
2269:komusō
2246:tengai
2240:Komusō
2232:tengai
2227:basket
2212:komusō
2182:, the
2150:dhyana
2145:suizen
2119:Suizen
2052:tengai
2047:suizen
2029:komusō
2020:komusō
2007:komusō
1994:Komusō
1983:komusō
1951:komusō
1831:宮田耕八朗
1727:komusō
1725:, the
1712:komusō
1692:kosumo
1684:komuso
1648:komuso
1623:komuso
1618:komuso
1614:komuso
1594:sutras
1440:(1664)
1424:komuso
1420:komuso
1408:Bakufu
1395:komusō
1385:komusō
1372:komusō
1362:komusō
1349:komusō
1339:komusō
1330:komusō
1324:komusō
1299:komoso
1295:komoso
1279:komusō
1273:komusō
1255:komusō
1243:komusō
1223:komusō
1217:komosō
1207:gagaku
1188:komusō
1183:komosō
1175:komosō
1155:boro's
1143:komosō
1111:komusō
978:komuso
963:(also
951:Komusō
945:komusō
940:komosō
918:komusō
911:komusō
863:komusō
859:komusō
851:bakufu
842:suizen
814:Komusō
734:Kanjin
729:Kaichō
679:Gongen
591:Tenkai
561:Rennyo
511:Ninshō
461:Saichō
393:Rinzai
373:Tendai
353:Sanron
247:Suizen
220:Komusō
197:Topics
146:Places
75:People
60:Komusō
29:tengui
25:tengai
6436:Lists
6304:Kalpa
6299:Iddhi
6162:Music
6157:Mudra
6123:Vassa
6103:Vesak
6073:Budai
6019:Candi
6002:Stupa
5934:Logic
5687:Italy
5586:Tibet
5524:Nepal
5494:Korea
5489:Japan
5479:India
5474:China
5419:Sutra
5374:Texts
5324:Dōgen
5314:Hōnen
5299:Atiśa
5264:Zhiyi
5174:Achar
5142:Tulku
5137:Geshe
5122:Rōshi
5107:Ajahn
5062:Arhat
5022:Bodhi
4992:Vīrya
4909:Sacca
4904:Satya
4899:Sādhu
4887:Music
4830:Merit
4823:Terma
4783:Zazen
4719:Faith
4672:Mettā
4353:Karma
4313:Bardo
4280:Asita
4270:Khema
4260:Upāli
4245:Nanda
4083:(son)
4057:Māyā
4034:Films
3911:Index
3708:JSTOR
3561:(PDF)
3546:(PDF)
3115:JSTOR
2719:jitsu
2698:Notes
2690:Ōbaku
2653:Puhua
2408:tekou
2363:wore
2287:wore
2105:shaku
2099:Hachi
2092:Shaku
2072:Flute
2043:flute
1916:Kyoto
1894:上田芳憧
1883:中尾都山
1872:樋口対山
1861:兼友西園
1850:栗原錦風
1696:Denki
1579:Wumen
1571:]
1547:) of
1541:Puhua
1367:ronin
1354:ronin
1288:rōnin
1267:rōnin
1261:rōnin
1249:rōnin
1086:Puhua
1067:: 普化宗
985:kyomu
905:) of
896:Puhua
833:rōnin
709:Sōhei
699:Zazen
576:Ingen
536:Unkei
526:Ingen
521:Eisai
516:Dōgen
506:Eison
501:Jōkei
486:Hōnen
471:Jōchō
466:Kūkai
456:Rōben
408:Ōbaku
368:Kusha
363:Ritsu
358:Kegon
348:Hosso
225:Rōnin
89:Ikkyū
82:Ennin
6334:Pāḷi
6319:Māra
6229:Flag
5630:Iran
5554:Tuva
5499:Laos
5127:Lama
4975:Śīla
4943:Śīla
4931:Pīti
4921:Sati
4872:Puja
4793:Koan
4699:Dāna
4290:Yasa
4177:Tārā
3784:The
3772:Text
3680:ISBN
3590:ISBN
3573:ISBN
3474:ISBN
3105:ISBN
3070:ISBN
2944:ISBN
2734:Deeg
2414:fusa
2381:tabi
2367:inro
2311:, a
2262:kasa
2208:The
2188:hoki
2173:Fuke
2140:alms
2082:The
2027:The
1928:and
1759:The
1706:The
1686:but
1672:hoki
1586:Fuke
1575:Chan
1545:Fuke
1543:(J.
1535:The
1496:The
1465:Goro
1270:and
1240:The
1171:boro
1141:and
1139:Boro
1130:and
1094:Chan
1082:Fuke
1018:(or
1000:komu
997:(or
903:Fuke
831:and
810:The
724:Obon
541:Enni
491:Myōe
476:Kūya
398:Sōtō
110:Komu
104:Rōan
6056:Art
5992:Wat
4528:Zen
3769:PDF
3700:doi
3097:doi
3066:160
2723:kyo
2680:Zen
2301:obi
1492:).
1161:or
1157:,
1098:shū
1006:kyo
974:or
958:虚無僧
948:as
882:or
877:普化宗
822:虚無僧
644:Art
133:Zen
27:or
6521::
5558:ru
3706:.
3696:32
3694:.
3668:36
3666:.
3635:.
3631:.
3607:.
3554:32
3552:.
3548:.
3386:.
3374:^
3359:^
3343:.
3318:.
3256:^
3227:^
3210:^
3195:^
3182:^
3156:^
3127:^
3113:.
3103:.
3068:.
3035:.
3021:^
3006:^
2906:^
2891:^
2876:^
2859:^
2838:^
2823:^
2770:^
2470:A
2355:.
2279:.
2253:天蓋
2068:.
2059:天蓋
1977:.
1932:.
1809:/
1625:.
1600:.
1569:ja
1486:,
1480:,
1468:,
1462:,
1430:.
1415:.
1134:.
1070:,
1042:sō
1027:mu
1021:ko
992:虚無
900:J.
5560:)
5556:(
4774:)
4770:(
3865:e
3858:t
3851:v
3714:.
3702::
3686:.
3637:2
3598:.
3507:.
3482:.
3396:.
3353:.
3328:.
3292:.
3166:.
3151:.
3121:.
3099::
3078:.
3045:.
2952:.
2926:.
2871:.
2854:.
2818:.
2486:.
2256:)
2250:(
2223:)
2217:(
2062:)
2056:(
1077:)
1061:(
1052:)
1049:僧
1046:(
1037:)
1034:無
1031:(
1016:)
1013:虚
1010:(
995:)
989:(
961:)
955:(
898:(
874:(
825:)
819:(
799:e
792:t
785:v
300:e
293:t
286:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
