3385:
287:
224:
236:
171:
158:
3048:
537:
522:
2632:𐍚𐍩𐍠𐍚𐍩 𐍣𐍗𐍛𐍐𐍝𐍝𐍯𐍓 𐍩𐍝, 𐍚𐍐𐍤𐍐𐍥𐍙𐍝𐍙𐍐𐍡, 𐍜𐍯𐍙𐍛𐍐 𐍮𐍩𐍥𐍡𐍐𐍩𐍥 𐍟𐍯𐍠 𐍢𐍙𐍙𐍐𐍝 𐍥𐍙𐍝𐍙𐍐𐍡; 𐍜𐍔𐍝𐍩 𐍟𐍯𐍠 𐍡𐍩𐍜𐍯𐍝 𐍢𐍙 𐍓𐍙𐍝𐍩 𐍝𐍣𐍩 𐍛𐍯𐍓𐍢𐍩𐍜 𐍘𐍩𐍠𐍙𐍘𐍩𐍝 𐍢𐍯𐍠 𐍚𐍩𐍜𐍙 𐍜𐍣𐍩 𐍚𐍐𐍤𐍐𐍥𐍙𐍝𐍙𐍐𐍡, 𐍚𐍐𐍤𐍐𐍥𐍙𐍝𐍙𐍐𐍡, 𐍜𐍯𐍙𐍛𐍐 𐍮𐍩𐍥𐍡𐍐𐍩𐍥 𐍟𐍯𐍠 𐍢𐍙𐍙𐍐𐍝 𐍥𐍙𐍝𐍙𐍐𐍡;
2587:
Komi has 17 cases, with a rich inventory of locative cases. Like other Uralic languages, Komi has no gender. Verbs agree with subjects in person and number (sg/pl). Negation is expressed with an auxiliary verb, which is inflected for person, number and tense.
390:
was introduced by
Russian missionaries in the 17th century, replacing it. A tradition of secular works of literature in the modern form of the language dates back to the 19th century.
525:
A sample of the Komi language words. Upper "Улица Коммунистическая" is in
Russian, lower "Коммунистическӧй улича" is in Komi. Both mean "Communist street". This picture was taken in
3516:
3742:
3728:
2927:
3507:
3007:('The Modern Komi Language'). Morfologija/Daśtöma filologijasa kandidat G.V.Feďuňova kipod ulyn. Syktyvkar: Komi ňebög ledźanin, 2000. 544 pp.
105:
2573:. There is noticeable positional allophony, depending on the surrounding consonants, however no allophone overlaps with another vowel phoneme.
484:
The start of the change date to the 17th century. It is not seen in the oldest Komi texts from the 14th century, nor in loanwords from Komi to
3910:
245:
4375:
3174:
4380:
4367:
In Russia, the
Cyrillic alphabet is officially supported. For other, non-Cyrillic alphabets, separate federal laws are required.
2596:
1150:
3000:
R. M. Batalova. 1993. Komi(-Zyryanskij) Jazyk. In V. N. Jartseva (ed.), Jazyki Mira: Ural'skie Jazyki, 214–229. Moskva: Nauka.
3030:
434:
and forms the model for the generic standard dialect of the language. Dialects are divided based primarily on their use of
3060:
2399:
2313:
2245:
1609:
1401:
286:
266:
488:, dated to the 16th; though it fully occurred before Russian loanwords that entered the language in the 18th century as
2408:
1158:
3903:
3012:
2991:
2962:
1301:
2952:
2352:
2306:
2274:
2238:
1637:
1478:
998:
865:
603:
2507:
1783:
895:
256:
293:
3167:
3052:
372:
67:
3227:
3100:
2553:
2486:
2345:
2267:
1717:
954:
834:
1904:
4411:
4370:
3896:
2521:
2331:
2299:
1393:
1266:
730:
504:
496:
489:
477:
473:
466:
462:
458:
454:
447:
439:
435:
3020:
2735:"Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic"
2592:
2479:
1030:
2808:
4311:
3553:
2570:
2564:
2559:
2537:
2432:
2158:
2151:
1438:
1329:
1086:
674:
580:
2838:
4406:
3737:
3160:
2338:
2167:
1781:
1715:
1635:
1607:
1504:
1476:
1446:
1444:
1436:
1399:
1391:
1355:
1327:
1299:
1264:
1229:
1221:
1185:
1156:
1148:
1112:
1084:
1028:
996:
990:
988:
952:
893:
863:
832:
800:
792:
756:
728:
700:
672:
4304:
4228:
4221:
3849:
3632:
3627:
3321:
3192:
2493:
1506:
583:
Support as "Old Permic" in recent times. The script saw use in Komi-inhabited areas, primarily the
4275:
4254:
4235:
4139:
3979:
3972:
3669:
3637:
3338:
2197:
2190:
2174:
1114:
794:
702:
500:
368:
59:
4416:
4401:
4268:
4261:
4017:
3762:
3757:
3655:
3221:
2206:
2087:
802:
3844:
3415:
2733:
Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (2022-06-08).
4243:
3875:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3581:
2370:
2119:
2112:
1357:
1223:
1187:
386:
for liturgical purposes in the 14th century, though very few texts exist in this script. The
353:
555:
is the first writing system for Komi. It was invented in the 14th century by the missionary
450:
remains unchanged in Upper Ežva and Pećöra dialects (also in most dialects of Komi-Permyak).
4085:
3992:
3548:
2746:
2213:
2128:
1231:
758:
2900:
2879:
610:. Since the 1940s it uses the Russian-based Cyrillic alphabet with the additional letters
8:
4093:
3919:
3686:
3576:
3494:
2419:
2390:
598:
with certain modifications for affricates. In the 1920s, the language was written in the
2750:
4298:
4164:
4134:
4078:
4032:
3805:
3614:
3604:
3543:
3209:
2928:"Лыткин В.И. (ред.) Современный коми язык. Часть первая. Фонетика. Лексика. Морфология"
2769:
2734:
1867:
641:
599:
63:
214:
4205:
4119:
3812:
3769:
3384:
3366:
3350:
3333:
3328:
3215:
3026:
3008:
2987:
2958:
2774:
2612:
2514:
2324:
2256:
2183:
2094:
633:
552:
379:
349:
137:
3393:
3095:
2548:
There are no diphthongs, although vowel sequences can occur at morpheme boundaries.
579:" (𐍐 & 𐍑, respectively). It is no longer in use today, though it has received
262:
4345:
4335:
4283:
4215:
4200:
4180:
4149:
4067:
4012:
4007:
3997:
3933:
3752:
3622:
3563:
3316:
3309:
3294:
3289:
3200:
3183:
2764:
2754:
2082:
2077:
595:
100:
95:
3475:
3465:
3242:
4350:
4330:
4288:
4210:
4195:
4185:
4159:
4106:
4047:
4042:
4027:
4022:
4002:
3966:
3956:
3780:
3774:
3644:
3596:
3586:
3525:
3372:
3272:
3084:
3076:
2896:
2833:
2791:
Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021).
2759:
2667:
The third and final verse and refrain, as written in the modern Latin
Alphabet:
2620:
2362:
2106:
2099:
556:
485:
387:
383:
133:
87:
4248:
4154:
4144:
4129:
4124:
4114:
4099:
4057:
3961:
3951:
3869:
3798:
3723:
3716:
3707:
3700:
3694:
3649:
3502:
3360:
3343:
3259:
3247:
3232:
3080:
560:
516:
411:
407:
403:
126:
3434:
3421:
3409:
4395:
4293:
4190:
4072:
3987:
3662:
3535:
3355:
3299:
3279:
3265:
3252:
3146:
3132:
3118:
3072:
3068:
2626:
The first verse of the song and the refrain, as written in the Anbur Script:
2461:
2290:
2227:
2144:
545:
530:
419:
360:
176:
55:
3439:
4354:
4340:
4062:
4037:
3512:
3237:
2901:"Revised proposal for encoding the Old Permic script in the SMP of the UCS"
2880:"Revised proposal for encoding the Old Permic script in the SMP of the UCS"
2778:
2582:
607:
495:
Some dialects are further distinguished based on the palatalized alveolars
415:
375:. There were 285,000 speakers in 1994, which decreased to 160,000 in 2010.
345:
3470:
3460:
3428:
3304:
2639:
The second verse and refrain, as written in the Zyryan
Cyrillic Alphabet:
198:
2796:
2473:
2456:
2384:
423:
3480:
3444:
2616:
2529:
2466:
588:
584:
3888:
2599:
word order, due to heavy
Russian language influence and the resulting
223:
3142:
3128:
3114:
3064:
2501:
2284:
2221:
1953:
1883:
526:
431:
427:
207:
191:
235:
3152:
2709:
1947:
1929:
1879:
1875:
564:
274:
2138:
297:
270:
2615:, Cyrillic (modern) and Latin lyrical text from the Komi-Zyryan
3047:
2600:
571:, Анбур), named for the first 2 letters of the script, "
399:
364:
242:
163:
45:
430:, and Udora dialects. Syktyvkardin is spoken in the region of
2732:
602:, which also derived from Cyrillic. In the 1930s, during the
541:
536:
3138:
540:
Trilingual (Russian, Komi, and
English) sign in a hotel in
3090:
2024:
2015:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1923:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1871:
619:
612:
273:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3124:
521:
3061:
Books in Komi-Zyrian from Finno-Ugric
Electronic Library
3019:
Riese, Timothy (8 April 2015). Abondolo, Daniel (ed.).
2847:
594:
In the 16th century, this alphabet was replaced by the
476:
continued with complete vocalization of syllable-final
3096:
3110:
3105:
2986:(in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
3091:
2591:Komi is an agglutinative language and adheres to a
1902:, most of which represent palatalized consonants.
1282:Open "o" is absent in the literary Komi language.
461:syllable-finally; for instance, in literary Komi *
315:
2710:"Росстат — Всероссийская перепись населения 2020"
606:, Komi was briefly written with a version of the
339:
333:
33:
27:
4393:
1801:Open "e" is absent in the modern Komi language.
3904:
3168:
2793:Geographical database of the Uralic languages
2595:order. Most modern texts, however, possess a
3071:(interface in Russian and English, texts in
567:. The script was also known as Anbur (Komi:
3911:
3897:
3175:
3161:
3141:(by the Finno-Ugric Information Center in
3127:(by the Finno-Ugric Information Center in
3113:(by the Finno-Ugric Information Center in
3063:(by the Finno-Ugric Information Center in
309:
241:Komi is classified as "vulnerable" by the
234:
228:Traditional distribution of Komi languages
222:
2826:
2768:
2758:
2950:
535:
520:
246:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
3918:
3613:
2984:Permiläisten kielten rakenne ja kehitys
2981:
2895:
2877:
2611:The following sample text displays the
503:in syllable-final position as clusters
267:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
4394:
2797:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188
3892:
3156:
3018:
2853:
398:Komi has ten dialects: Syktyvkardin (
300:characters in this article correctly.
3182:
2864:
2862:
2954:Language Policy in the Soviet Union
13:
3874:Languages between parentheses are
559:. The alphabet resembled medieval
14:
4428:
3040:
2859:
2569:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2536:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2431:
2407:
2398:
2369:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2273:
2266:
2244:
2237:
2212:
2205:
2196:
2189:
2173:
2166:
2157:
2150:
2127:
2118:
2111:
510:
472:In Northern dialects, changes of
344:), is the native language of the
4381:Mass media by language of Russia
4376:Knowledge in languages of Russia
3383:
3046:
2951:Grenoble, L. A. (31 July 2003).
2662:Мыйла восьсаöсь пыр тiян синъяс?
604:Latinisation in the Soviet Union
352:; the other regional variety is
285:
169:
156:
16:Uralic language spoken in Russia
3025:. Routledge. pp. 249–275.
2975:
2944:
2920:
2878:Everson, Michael (2012-04-26).
2690:Myjla vośsaöś pyr tijan śinjas?
928:word-initially and after vowels
901:word-initially and after vowels
378:It was formerly written in the
4174:Languages with official status
3878:of the language on their left.
3125:Books in Komi-Permyak language
2889:
2871:
2801:
2785:
2726:
2702:
2678:Lovja dźoridźyś myj burys śurö
2653:Эзысь лысваöн дзирдалысь асыв.
2606:
1799:Non-palatalizing form of "е".
1:
3111:Books in Komi-Zyrian language
2672:Una śylankyv tatyś mi kyvlim,
2650:Сöмын мыйлакö пыр медся матыс
2644:Эмöсь лунвылын мичаджык муяс,
2070:Consonant phonemes of Zyrian
2064:
3135:(interface in Komi-Permyak))
2809:"Komi in Russian Federation"
2760:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648
2059:
1855:/a/ after /c, ɟ, ɕ, ʑ, ɲ, ʎ/
1826:/u/ after /c, ɟ, ɕ, ʑ, ɲ, ʎ/
1064:Non-palatalizing form of и.
1058:/i/ after /t, d, s, z, n, l/
1036:/i/ after /c, ɟ, ɕ, ʑ, ɲ, ʎ/
930:/o/ after /c, ɟ, ɕ, ʑ, ɲ, ʎ/
903:/e/ after /c, ɟ, ɕ, ʑ, ɲ, ʎ/
492:remains unchanged in these.
348:(Zyrians). It is one of the
340:
34:
7:
3121:(interface in Komi-Zyrian))
2675:Kodös śiöny raďejtan nyvly.
2647:Сэнi кывтöны визувджык юяс.
628:Komi alphabet (Коми анбур)
480:, resulting in long vowels.
414:(Vychegda), Luz-let, Upper
393:
316:
10:
4433:
3101:Komi Grammar. (in Russian)
2580:
2576:
1866:Letters particular to the
585:Principality of Great Perm
514:
334:
28:
4365:
4323:
4173:
3942:
3926:
3860:
3822:
3790:
3685:
3595:
3562:
3534:
3493:
3453:
3401:
3392:
3381:
3199:
3190:
2681:Syly puktyny kudria jurö.
2443:
2383:
2361:
2283:
2220:
2137:
2105:
2074:
1708:
1628:
1600:
1497:
1348:
1320:
1292:
1251:
1178:
1105:
1051:
945:
749:
721:
693:
665:
310:
253:
233:
221:
205:
189:
184:
151:Official language in
149:
144:
123:
84:
80:99,609 (2020 census)
74:
51:
41:
26:
21:
3322:Siberian Ingrian Finnish
3193:List of Uralic languages
2695:
296:to display the uncommon
3149:(interface in English))
2982:Bartens, Raija (2000).
2839:Encyclopædia Britannica
1906:The Molodtsov alphabet
1752:Same usage as Russian.
1749:небыд пас ("soft sign")
1698:Same usage as Russian.
1695:чорыд пас ("hard sign")
1451:before е, ё, и, ю, я, ь
1406:before е, ё, и, ю, я, ь
1236:before е, ё, и, ю, я, ь
1163:before е, ё, и, ю, я, ь
1003:before е, ё, и, ю, я, ь
807:before е, ё, и, ю, я, ь
2868:Bartens 2000, p. 47-49
548:
533:
359:Komi is spoken in the
255:This article contains
3139:Komi media collection
3106:Komi-language courses
2581:Further information:
539:
524:
453:In Central dialects,
70:, elsewhere in Russia
3228:Northeastern coastal
3055:at Wikimedia Commons
3022:The Uralic Languages
642:Cyrillic (Molodtsov)
406:(Vychegda), Central
4412:Languages of Russia
4371:Languages of Russia
3945:of federal subjects
3920:Languages of Russia
2856:, pp. 249–250.
2751:2022PLoSO..1769648R
2597:subject-verb-object
2593:subject–object–verb
2450:
2071:
1907:
629:
363:and other parts of
3210:Bjarmian languages
2448:
2069:
1905:
1868:Molodtsov alphabet
1061:чорыд и ("hard i")
1039:небыд и ("soft i")
627:
600:Molodtsov alphabet
549:
534:
410:(Vychegda), Upper
4389:
4388:
4357:
4312:Southern Yukaghir
4305:Northern Yukaghir
3982:
3975:
3886:
3885:
3870:extinct languages
3681:
3680:
3554:Northwestern Mari
3489:
3488:
3051:Media related to
3032:978-1-136-13500-2
2795:(v1.0) . Zenodo.
2546:
2545:
2441:
2440:
2057:
2056:
1864:
1863:
553:Old Permic script
529:, the capital of
380:Old Permic script
350:Permian languages
320:), also known as
294:rendering support
281:
280:
263:rendering support
259:phonetic symbols.
4424:
4407:Permic languages
4349:
4346:Mongolian script
4336:Cyrillic Braille
4314:
4307:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4109:
4102:
4088:
4081:
3978:
3971:
3927:Federal language
3913:
3906:
3899:
3890:
3889:
3746:
3732:
3611:
3610:
3520:
3399:
3398:
3387:
3310:Siberian Finnish
3256:
3184:Uralic languages
3177:
3170:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3050:
3036:
2997:
2969:
2968:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2905:
2897:Everson, Michael
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2805:
2799:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2772:
2762:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2706:
2633:
2572:
2568:is phonetically
2567:
2561:
2557:is phonetically
2556:
2540:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2451:
2447:
2435:
2422:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2373:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2293:
2277:
2270:
2259:
2248:
2241:
2230:
2216:
2209:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2177:
2170:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2131:
2122:
2115:
2072:
2068:
1908:
1838:
1809:
1787:
1761:
1733:
1721:
1705:
1679:
1653:
1641:
1625:
1613:
1574:
1548:
1522:
1510:
1494:
1482:
1463:
1450:
1442:
1418:
1405:
1397:
1373:
1361:
1345:
1333:
1317:
1305:
1289:
1270:
1248:
1235:
1227:
1203:
1191:
1175:
1162:
1154:
1130:
1118:
1102:
1090:
1071:
1048:
1034:
1015:
1002:
994:
970:
958:
942:
899:
869:
850:
838:
819:
806:
798:
774:
762:
746:
734:
718:
706:
690:
678:
662:
630:
626:
596:Russian alphabet
570:
506:
498:
491:
479:
475:
468:
464:
460:
456:
449:
441:
437:
343:
337:
336:
319:
313:
312:
289:
238:
226:
217:
201:
194:
175:
173:
172:
162:
160:
159:
129:
90:
37:
31:
30:
19:
18:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4361:
4319:
4310:
4303:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4234:
4229:Southern Khanty
4227:
4222:Northern Khanty
4220:
4169:
4105:
4098:
4084:
4077:
4043:Karachay-Balkar
3944:
3943:State languages
3938:
3922:
3917:
3887:
3882:
3881:
3856:
3850:Proto-Samoyedic
3818:
3786:
3740:
3726:
3677:
3633:Southern Khanty
3628:Northern Khanty
3609:
3591:
3558:
3530:
3510:
3508:Shoksha dialect
3485:
3449:
3388:
3379:
3334:Karelian proper
3250:
3195:
3186:
3181:
3043:
3033:
3003:Feďuňova, G.V.
2994:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2965:
2949:
2945:
2936:
2934:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2912:
2910:
2903:
2894:
2890:
2882:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2834:"Komi language"
2832:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2790:
2786:
2745:(6): e0269648.
2731:
2727:
2718:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2631:
2609:
2585:
2579:
2446:
2418:
2389:
2323:
2289:
2255:
2226:
2182:
2143:
2089:
2067:
2062:
1854:
1836:
1825:
1807:
1759:
1731:
1703:
1677:
1651:
1623:
1572:
1546:
1520:
1492:
1461:
1443:
1432:
1416:
1398:
1387:
1371:
1343:
1315:
1287:
1246:
1228:
1217:
1201:
1173:
1155:
1144:
1128:
1100:
1069:
1046:
1035:
1013:
995:
984:
968:
940:
929:
902:
900:
889:
848:
817:
799:
788:
772:
744:
716:
688:
660:
568:
557:Stephen of Perm
519:
513:
396:
388:Cyrillic script
384:Stephen of Perm
303:
302:
301:
290:
261:Without proper
249:
248:
229:
213:
197:
190:
170:
168:
157:
155:
152:
145:Official status
130:
125:
119:
91:
88:Language family
86:
77:
76:Native speakers
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4430:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4308:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4276:Southern Mansi
4272:
4265:
4258:
4255:Northern Mansi
4246:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4236:Eastern Khanty
4232:
4225:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4103:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4082:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3980:Southern Altai
3976:
3973:Northern Altai
3964:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3916:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3893:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3872:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3734:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3670:Southern Mansi
3666:
3659:
3652:
3650:Northern Mansi
3642:
3641:
3640:
3638:Eastern Khanty
3635:
3630:
3619:
3617:
3608:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3499:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3413:
3405:
3403:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3257:
3245:
3240:
3233:South Estonian
3230:
3225:
3213:
3205:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3180:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3136:
3122:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3057:
3056:
3042:
3041:External links
3039:
3038:
3037:
3031:
3016:
3005:Önija komi kyv
3001:
2998:
2992:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2963:
2943:
2932:www.studmed.ru
2919:
2899:(2012-04-26).
2888:
2870:
2858:
2846:
2825:
2800:
2784:
2725:
2714:rosstat.gov.ru
2700:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2665:
2664:
2637:
2636:
2619:"Kačaśinjas" (
2608:
2605:
2578:
2575:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2405:
2403:
2396:
2394:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2367:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2294:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1674:
1673:
1672:In loanwords.
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1593:In loanwords.
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1569:
1568:
1567:In loanwords.
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1543:
1542:
1541:In loanwords.
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1004:
986:
981:
975:
972:
965:
964:
962:
959:
950:
947:
944:
937:
936:
934:
931:
926:
920:
917:
914:
910:
909:
907:
904:
891:
886:
883:
880:
876:
875:
873:
870:
861:
858:
855:
852:
845:
844:
842:
839:
830:
827:
824:
821:
814:
813:
811:
808:
790:
785:
779:
776:
769:
768:
766:
763:
754:
751:
748:
741:
740:
738:
735:
726:
723:
720:
713:
712:
710:
707:
698:
695:
692:
685:
684:
682:
679:
670:
667:
664:
657:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
639:
636:
517:Komi alphabets
515:Main article:
512:
511:Writing system
509:
482:
481:
470:
451:
395:
392:
341:zyran komi kyv
335:зыран коми кыв
291:
284:
283:
282:
279:
278:
265:, you may see
251:
250:
240:
239:
231:
230:
227:
219:
218:
211:
203:
202:
195:
187:
186:
185:Language codes
182:
181:
180:
179:
153:
150:
147:
146:
142:
141:
131:
127:Writing system
124:
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
113:
94:
92:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
53:
49:
48:
43:
42:Native to
39:
38:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4429:
4418:
4417:Komi Republic
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4402:Komi language
4400:
4399:
4397:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4356:
4355:Kalmyk script
4352:
4351:Buryat script
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4269:Eastern Mansi
4266:
4263:
4262:Western Mansi
4259:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4018:Crimean Tatar
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3914:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:Reconstructed
3821:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3763:Tundra Nenets
3761:
3759:
3758:Forest Nenets
3756:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3663:Eastern Mansi
3660:
3658:
3657:
3656:Western Mansi
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3222:Laiuse Romani
3219:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3173:
3171:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3148:
3147:Komi Republic
3144:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3133:Komi Republic
3130:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3119:Komi Republic
3116:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3069:Komi Republic
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3053:Komi language
3049:
3045:
3044:
3034:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3013:5-7555-0689-2
3010:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2993:952-5150-55-0
2989:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2966:
2964:9781402012983
2960:
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2947:
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2705:
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2258:
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2250:
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2240:
2236:
2234:
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2229:
2225:
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2219:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
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2172:
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2149:
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2136:
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2110:
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2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
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1937:
1934:
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1500:
1491:
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1456:
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1424:
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1411:
1408:
1403:
1395:
1390:
1385:
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1359:
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1342:
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1331:
1326:
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1314:
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1310:
1307:
1303:
1298:
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1285:
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1279:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
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1238:
1233:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1000:
992:
987:
982:
980:
976:
973:
967:
966:
963:
960:
956:
951:
948:
939:
938:
935:
932:
927:
925:
921:
918:
915:
912:
911:
908:
905:
897:
892:
887:
884:
881:
878:
877:
874:
871:
867:
862:
859:
856:
853:
847:
846:
843:
840:
836:
831:
828:
825:
822:
816:
815:
812:
809:
804:
796:
791:
786:
784:
780:
777:
771:
770:
767:
764:
760:
755:
752:
743:
742:
739:
736:
732:
727:
724:
715:
714:
711:
708:
704:
699:
696:
687:
686:
683:
680:
676:
671:
668:
659:
658:
654:
651:
648:
645:
643:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
625:
623:
621:
616:
614:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
587:and parts of
586:
582:
578:
574:
566:
562:
558:
554:
547:
546:Komi Republic
543:
538:
532:
531:Komi Republic
528:
523:
518:
508:
502:
499:, which have
493:
487:
471:
452:
445:
444:
443:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
391:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:Komi Republic
357:
355:
351:
347:
342:
331:
327:
323:
318:
307:
299:
295:
292:You may need
288:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
258:
252:
247:
244:
237:
232:
225:
220:
216:
212:
210:
209:
204:
200:
196:
193:
188:
183:
178:
177:Komi Republic
167:
166:
165:
154:
148:
143:
139:
135:
132:
128:
122:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
97:
93:
89:
83:
79:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
56:Komi Republic
54:
50:
47:
44:
40:
36:
25:
20:
4341:Latin script
4244:Komi-Permyak
4052:
3865:
3840:Proto-Finnic
3830:Proto-Uralic
3811:
3804:
3797:
3779:
3736:
3722:
3715:
3706:
3699:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3582:Komi-Permyak
3571:
3454:Western Sámi
3427:
3420:
3408:
3402:Eastern Sámi
3365:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3220:
3208:
3021:
3004:
2983:
2976:Bibliography
2957:. Springer.
2953:
2946:
2935:. Retrieved
2931:
2922:
2911:. Retrieved
2907:
2891:
2873:
2849:
2837:
2828:
2816:. Retrieved
2812:
2803:
2792:
2787:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2717:. Retrieved
2713:
2704:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2659:Катшасинъяс,
2658:
2656:Катшасинъяс,
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2638:
2630:
2625:
2610:
2590:
2586:
2583:Komi grammar
2551:The phoneme
2550:
2547:
1865:
1849:
1820:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1426:
1381:
1277:
1271:
1259:
1253:
1211:
1138:
978:
923:
782:
618:
611:
608:Latin script
593:
576:
572:
550:
494:
483:
397:
377:
358:
354:Komi-Permyak
329:
325:
321:
305:
304:
254:
206:
110:
4130:Yakut/Sakha
3993:Azerbaijani
3806:Meshcherian
3741: [
3727: [
3549:Meadow Mari
3511: [
3251: [
3087:languages))
2908:unicode.org
2687:Kačaśinjas,
2684:Kačaśinjas,
2607:Sample text
2385:Approximant
652:Letter name
457:changed to
382:created by
330:Komi-Zyryan
269:instead of
111:Komi-Zyrian
22:Komi-Zyrian
4396:Categories
3845:Proto-Sámi
3577:Komi-Yazva
2937:2023-09-02
2913:2022-07-10
2854:Riese 2015
2813:UNESCO WAL
2719:2023-01-03
2065:Consonants
589:Bjarmaland
569:𐍐𐍝𐍑𐍣𐍠
140:(formerly)
138:Old Permic
4165:Ukrainian
4135:Tabasaran
4033:Kabardian
3876:varieties
3868:indicate
3687:Samoyedic
3605:Hungarian
3544:Hill Mari
3495:Mordvinic
3367:Krevinian
3305:Meänkieli
3295:Fingelska
3143:Syktyvkar
3129:Syktyvkar
3115:Syktyvkar
3065:Syktyvkar
2617:folk song
2291:voiceless
2285:Fricative
2228:voiceless
2222:Affricate
2145:voiceless
2060:Phonology
1795:"open e"
1278:"open o"
1093:дженьыд и
638:Cyrillic
575:" & "
527:Syktyvkar
469:"tongue".
432:Syktyvkar
402:), Lower
208:Glottolog
192:ISO 639-3
64:Permyakia
4331:Cyrillic
4299:Yukaghir
4206:Karelian
4120:Ossetian
3835:homeland
3813:Muromian
3770:Nganasan
3615:Ob-Ugric
3476:Southern
3466:Northern
3351:Livonian
3329:Karelian
3216:Estonian
3075:, Komi,
2779:35675367
2739:PLOS ONE
2090:alveolar
1870:include
1839:
1810:
1762:
1734:
1706:
1680:
1666:/ʃtʃ~ʃː/
1654:
1626:
1575:
1549:
1523:
1495:
1464:
1419:
1374:
1346:
1318:
1290:
1249:
1204:
1176:
1131:
1103:
1072:
1049:
1016:
971:
943:
851:
820:
775:
747:
719:
691:
663:
565:Cyrillic
501:unpacked
394:Dialects
369:Nenetsia
367:such as
317:komi kyv
311:коми кыв
275:Help:IPA
215:komi1268
134:Cyrillic
60:Nenetsia
35:komi kyv
29:коми кыв
4324:Scripts
4201:Finnish
4181:Chukchi
4150:Tsakhur
4094:Mordvin
4013:Chuvash
4008:Chechen
3998:Bashkir
3934:Russian
3866:Italics
3738:Karagas
3373:Kukkuzi
3317:Ingrian
3290:Finnish
3273:Kraasna
2818:22 June
2770:9176854
2747:Bibcode
2634:
2621:Daisies
2601:calques
2577:Grammar
2462:Central
2449:Vowels
2420:central
2391:lateral
2139:Plosive
2095:Palatal
581:Unicode
446:Older *
373:Yamalia
298:Unicode
271:Unicode
68:Yamalia
4289:Selkup
4284:Nenets
4216:Khanty
4211:Kazakh
4196:Evenki
4186:Dolgan
4160:Udmurt
4107:Moksha
4086:Meadow
4068:Lezgin
4048:Khakas
4038:Kalmyk
4028:Ingush
4023:Dargwa
4003:Buryat
3957:Adyghe
3791:Others
3781:Yurats
3775:Selkup
3753:Nenets
3708:Koibal
3623:Khanty
3587:Udmurt
3564:Permic
3526:Moksha
3435:Kildin
3422:Kainuu
3410:Akkala
3201:Finnic
3085:Moksha
3077:Udmurt
3029:
3011:
2990:
2961:
2777:
2767:
2562:, and
2444:Vowels
2325:voiced
2257:voiced
2184:voiced
2083:Dental
2078:Labial
1848:Ja ja
1837:𐍴, 𐍵
1819:Ju ju
1467:Тш тш
922:Jo jo
854:Дз дз
823:Дж дж
655:Notes
505:/jdjt/
497:/dʲtʲ/
486:Khanty
420:Pećöra
416:Sysola
400:Sysola
365:Russia
326:Zyrian
243:UNESCO
174:
164:Russia
161:
101:Permic
96:Uralic
52:Region
46:Russia
4249:Mansi
4155:Tuvan
4145:Tatar
4125:Rutul
4115:Nogai
4100:Erzya
4058:Kumyk
3967:Altai
3962:Aghul
3952:Abaza
3799:Merya
3745:]
3731:]
3724:Taygi
3717:Mator
3701:Kamas
3695:Enets
3645:Mansi
3597:Ugric
3519:]
3503:Erzya
3440:Skolt
3416:Inari
3361:Votic
3344:Ludic
3339:Livvi
3280:Leivu
3266:Ludza
3260:Tartu
3255:]
3248:Mulgi
3081:Erzya
2904:(PDF)
2883:(PDF)
2696:Notes
2613:Anbur
2474:Close
2457:Front
2363:Trill
2107:Nasal
2100:Velar
2088:Post-
1663:Šč šč
888:Je je
860:Dź dź
829:Dž dž
646:Latin
634:Anbur
561:Greek
542:Ukhta
467:/kɯv/
463:/kɯl/
322:Zyran
4294:Veps
4191:Even
4079:Hill
4073:Mari
4053:Komi
3988:Avar
3572:Komi
3536:Mari
3471:Pite
3461:Lule
3429:Kemi
3394:Sámi
3356:Veps
3300:Kven
3243:Võro
3238:Seto
3083:and
3073:Mari
3027:ISBN
3009:ISBN
2988:ISBN
2959:ISBN
2820:2024
2775:PMID
2530:Open
2467:Back
1850:A a
1842:Я я
1821:U u
1813:Ю ю
1789:/ɛ/
1775:E e
1766:Э э
1737:Ь ь
1709:Ы ы
1683:Ъ ъ
1657:Щ щ
1629:Ш ш
1601:Ч ч
1587:/ts/
1578:Ц ц
1552:Х х
1526:Ф ф
1498:У у
1427:Ԏ ԏ
1425:Т т
1422:Т т
1382:Ԍ ԍ
1380:С с
1377:С с
1349:Р р
1321:П п
1293:Ӧ ӧ
1272:/ɔ/
1258:O o
1252:О о
1212:Ԋ ԋ
1210:Н н
1207:Н н
1179:М м
1139:Ԉ ԉ
1137:Л л
1134:Л л
1106:К к
1075:Й й
1052:І і
1019:И и
979:Ԅ ԅ
977:З з
974:З з
946:Ж ж
924:O o
916:Ё ё
882:Е е
783:Ԃ ԃ
781:Ԁ ԁ
778:Д д
750:Г г
722:В в
694:Б б
666:А а
617:and
563:and
551:The
455:/*l/
438:and
424:Iźva
412:Ežva
408:Ežva
404:Ežva
371:and
346:Komi
306:Komi
106:Komi
4140:Tat
4063:Lak
3481:Ume
3445:Ter
2765:PMC
2755:doi
2623:).
2565:/a/
2554:/ɨ/
2502:Mid
2275:d͡ʑ
2268:d͡ʒ
2246:t͡ɕ
2239:t͡ʃ
2051:Ы ы
2048:Щ щ
2045:Ш ш
2042:Ч ч
2039:Ц ц
2036:Х х
2033:Ф ф
2030:У у
2021:Т т
2012:С с
2005:Р р
2002:П п
1999:Ӧ ӧ
1996:О о
1987:Н н
1984:М м
1975:Л л
1972:К к
1963:І і
1944:З з
1941:Җ җ
1938:Ж ж
1935:Е е
1920:Г г
1917:В в
1914:Б б
1911:А а
1772:Ее
1746:/ʲ/
1712:Y y
1632:Š š
1604:Ć ć
1584:C c
1561:/x/
1558:H h
1535:/f/
1532:F f
1501:U u
1485:тше
1473:Č č
1470:Щ щ
1433:Ť ť
1431:T t
1388:Ś ś
1386:S s
1352:R r
1324:P p
1296:Ö ö
1218:Ń ń
1216:N n
1182:M m
1145:Ľ ľ
1143:L l
1109:K k
1081:J j
1078:Ј ј
1055:I i
1025:I i
985:Ź ź
983:Z z
949:Ž ž
890:E e
872:дзе
857:Ԇ ԇ
841:дже
826:Җ җ
789:Ď ď
787:D d
753:G g
725:V v
697:B b
669:A a
649:IPA
622:, ӧ
615:, і
577:bur
490:/l/
478:/l/
474:/l/
459:/v/
448:/l/
440:/l/
436:/v/
428:Vym
328:or
257:IPA
199:kpv
4398::
4353:,
3743:ru
3729:ru
3517:ru
3515:;
3513:de
3253:et
3145:,
3131:,
3117:,
3079:,
3067:,
2930:.
2906:.
2861:^
2836:.
2811:.
2773:.
2763:.
2753:.
2743:17
2741:.
2737:.
2712:.
2603:.
1898:,
1894:,
1890:,
1886:,
1882:,
1878:,
1874:,
1845:-
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