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erotic pictures, despite government censorship. In the Meiji period censorship became stricter as the government wanted to present a Japan that met the moral expectations of the West, and production of shunga became scarce. Kiyochika is one of the artists not known to have produced any erotic art.
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the Meiji government had been coerced into signing. Kiyochika depicted foreigners as foolish and whose inexpensive modern wares he presented as aesthetically inferior to traditional domestic ones. Kiyochika's open criticism of the foreign community was unusual amongst contemporary caricaturists.
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wrote that
Kiyochika could represent "either the last important ukiyo-e master, or the first noteworthy print artist of modern Japan", but that "it is probably most accurate to regard him as an anachronistic survival from an earlier age, a minor hero whose best efforts to adapt ukiyo-e to the new
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began training under
Kiyochika in 1878 and saw his own works published beginning in 1880. Kiyochika's house burned down in the Great Fire at Ryōgoku of 26 January 1881 while he was out sketching. He sketched the Great Fire at Hisamatsu-chō of 11 February, and these fires became the basis of
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of 1904–05 provided another opportunity for such patriotic prints, but they found much less popularity by then. Kiyochika produced only eighteen triptychs and a few comic prints, of generally lower quality than his earlier prints. Rather, photographs from the front dominated the market.
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Kiyochika's depictions of the
Westernization of Meiji Japan has both benefited and hindered later assessment of his work; it disappoints collectors looking for an idealized Japan of old that lures many to ukiyo-e, while it provides a historical record of the radical changes of the time.
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dyes that had come into use earlier in the century. His specialty was night scenes illuminated by sources within the composition, such as by lamps. The colours give his prints a sombre air that discourages a clearly affirmative reading of the modernization it depicts.
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probably represent
Kiyochika's best-remembered work. The humour frequently targeted differences between the Japanese and foreigners, whose numbers were increasing in Japan, albeit restricted to certain locations, under the conditions of the
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of 1894–95 saw a revival in popularity for prints and
Kiyochika was one of the most prolific producers of them. Thereafter the print market shrank, and Kiyochika's wife opened a business selling fans and postcards to help support them. The
373:. Demand for his prints decreased in the 1880s and Kiyochika turned to comic images for newspapers. The Dandan-sha publishing company employed him from late 1881, and caricatures of his appeared in each issue of the satirical
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to Tokyo. The modern cityscapes typically form a backdrop to human comings-and-goings rather than the focus itself and appear to observe rather than celebrate or deny Meiji industrial modernization and its promotion of
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Kiyochika's prints show a concern with light and shadow, most likely an influence of the
Western-style painting that came in vogue in Japan in the 1870s. He used a subdued palette in his prints without the harsher
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Though the youngest of his parents' nine children, Kiyochika took over as head of the household upon his father's death in 1862 and changed his name from
Katsunosuke. As a subordinate to a
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of 1894–95 were also popular. Woodblock printing fell out of favour during this period, and many collectors consider
Kobayashi's work the last significant example of ukiyo-e.
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946:"Farewell Present of Useful White Flag, Which Russian General's Wife Thoughtfully Gives When He Leaves for Front, Telling Him to Use It As Soon As He Sees Japanese Army"
709:
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Kiyochika returned to the renamed Tokyo in May 1873 with his mother, who died there that
September. He began to concentrate on art and associated with such artists as
622:
He depicts the
Russians as cowardly buffoons in his caricatures from the Russo-Japanese War period; generally they are of lower quality than his earlier cartoons.
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inspired by Western art techniques. His work first found an audience in the 1870s with prints of red-brick buildings and trains that had proliferated after the
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became a student of Kiyochika's and used dramatic lighting effects inspired by Kiyochika's in his work; he worked in the Kobayashi's home for nineteen years.
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235:'s retinue, the first shogunal visit to Kyoto in over two centuries. They continued to Osaka, where Kiyochika thereafter made his home. During the
1437:
Yamamoto, Kazuko (2015). "浮世絵版画の死と再生―清親の評価の変遷" [The death and rebirth of ukiyo-e woodblock prints: changes in the assessment of Kiyochika].
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in Kyoto and returned to Osaka after defeat of the shōgun's forces. He returned by land to Edo and re-entered the employ of the shōgun. After the
297:, "light-ray pictures"), ukiyo-e prints employing Western-style naturalistic light and shade, possibly under the influence of the photography of
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to a degree that distinguishes his work from the majority of his ukiyo-e predecessors. His compositions display the influence of
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In his later years Kiyochika gave up prints and devoted himself to painting, which he practised in a style inspired by the
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and newspaper illustrations. His work documents the rapid modernization and Westernization Japan underwent during the
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world of Meiji Japan were not quite enough". He considered Kiyochika's best works to fall short of
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with his samurai battle prints glorified conservative values against the ideals of Westernization.
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545:, b. 1881). Kiyochika and Kinu separated around 1883; in 1884 he married Tajima Yoshiko (
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prints for the rest of his life, but also worked extensively in illustrations and sketches for
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454:"It was said the Chinese were so easily frightened that toy soldiers could make them scream."
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The conundrum of Japan's modernization: an examination of enlightenment prints of the 1870s
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to treat his rheumatism. On 28 November 1915 Kiyochika died at his Tokyo home in Nakazato,
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676:("enrich the state, strengthen the military"); in contrast, Kiyochika's contemporary
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These were produced primarily from 1876 to 1881; Kiyochika would continue to publish
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prints of the rapidly modernizing and Westernizing Tokyo and is said to have studied
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The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895: as seen in prints and archives (Gallery page)
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Kobayashi Kiyochika: Gazing at the light and shadow of Meiji-period modernization
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Kobayashi Kiyochika: Gazing at the light and shadow of Meiji-period modernization
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Kobayashi Kiyochika: Gazing at the light and shadow of Meiji-period modernization
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from August 1882. He continued to produce prints, but at a less frequent pace.
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173:) on 10 September 1847 (the first day of the eighth month of the ninth year of
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1221:
Buckland, Rosina (2013). "Shunga in the Meiji Era: The End of a Tradition?".
252:
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1240:
Katō, Yōsuke (2015). "小林清親の画業" [The works of Kobayashiu Kiyochika].
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Kikkawa, Hideki (2015). "小林清親年譜" [Kobayashi Kiyochika chronology].
1223:
503:. His wife Yoshiko died in 1912. Kiyochika spent July to October 1915 in
401:, and books. He also produced a number of prints depicting scenes from the
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551:, d. 13 April 1912), with whom he had three more daughters: Natsuko (
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Ukiyo-e prints of the 19th century: time of landscapes, space of history
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968:"Kuropatkin Secures Safety - Your Flag Does Not Work, Try Another"
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Kobayashi Kiyochika: Bunmei kaika no hikari to kage wo mitsumete
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Kobayashi Kiyochika: Bunmei kaika no hikari to kage wo mitsumete
1242:
Kobayashi Kiyochika: Bunmei kaika no hikari to kage wo mitsumete
1062:
271:
239:
in 1868 Kiyochika participated on the side of the shōgun in the
212:) was the daughter of another such official, Matsui Yasunosuke (
174:
1370:
The World of the Meiji Print: Impressions of a New Civilization
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Ukiyo-e hanga no jūkyū seiki: fūkei no jikan, rekishi no kūkan
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During the Edo period most ukiyo-e artists regularly produced
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in how objects in the frame are often cut off at the edges.
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1622:(British Library/Japan Center for Asian Historical Records)
1210:
Rethinking Japan: Literature, Visual Arts & Linguistics
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885:
1499:
Kobayashi Kiyochika: An Ukiyo-e Artist of the Meiji Period
1026:
987:
985:
923:
782:
Hakone Sokokura Yumoto. The bridge at Sokokura hot spring,
138:(1868–1912) and employs a sense of light and shade called
1297:
Masters of the Japanese Print: Their World and Their Work
197:
67:
1208:
Boscaro, Andrea; Gatti, Franco; Raveri, Massimo (1990).
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destroyed the family home but left the family unharmed.
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519:. His grave is at Ryūfuku-in Temple in Motoasakusa.
1417:
Guide to Modern Japanese Woodblock Prints, 1900–1975
1125:
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1101:
231:official Kiyochika travelled to Kyoto in 1865 with
1448:] (in Japanese). Seigensha. pp. 198–202.
1313:Images from the Floating World: The Japanese Print
1277:] (in Japanese). Seigensha. pp. 203–205.
1251:] (in Japanese). Seigensha. pp. 194–197.
1207:
1079:
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767:Tsukuba Mountain Seen from Sakura River at Hitachi
1393:Modern Japanese Woodblock Prints: The Early Years
2898:
1113:
533:) in April 1876; they had two daughters: Kinko (
332:View of Takanawa Ushimachi under a Shrouded Moon
200:(modern Tokyo). His father was Kobayashi Mohē (
1701:
1481:Kiyochika, artist of Meiji-period modernization
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847:'s greatest, but to be on par with the best of
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1569:Kobayashi Kiyochika: The last ukiyo-e artist
124:, 10 September 1847 – 28 November 1915)
1733:
1694:
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1613:Long live Japan: 100 victories, 100 laughs
419:Long live Japan: 100 victories, 100 laughs
317:View of Tokyo's Shin-Ohashi bridge in Rain
167:Kiyochika was born Kobayashi Katsunosuke (
38:
1495:
278:. In August, 1876 he produced the first
1533:
1511:Smith, Henry DeWitt; Tai, Susan (1988).
1510:
1436:
1220:
1143:
371:Outbreak of Fire Seen from Hisamatsu-cho
1559:
1414:Merritt, Helen; Yamada, Nanako (1995).
1390:
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991:
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347:The Ryōgoku Fire Sketched from Hama-chō
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653:stand apart from those of the earlier
492:The Great Victory of the Japanese Navy
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409:, collaborating with caption writer
716:Suspension Bridge on Castle Grounds
13:
1592:Shizuoka Prefectural Museum of Art
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130:artist, best known for his colour
14:
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1597:War Prints of Kobayashi Kiyochika
1585:
1496:Samonides, William Harry (1981).
634:Kiyochika employed Western-style
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1513:Kiyochika, artist of Meiji Japan
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2396:Not associated with any school
527:Kiyochika married Fujita Kinu (
2927:20th-century Japanese painters
2922:19th-century Japanese painters
2390:List of Utagawa school members
1609:Nihon banzai hyakusen hyakushō
1420:. University of Hawaii Press.
1353:University of British Columbia
1200:
960:
938:
752:Six renditions of an older boy
415:Nihon banzai hyakusen hyakushō
31:
1:
1603: (archived July 18, 2021)
1562:Kiyochika: Saigo no ukiyoeshi
1545:] (in Japanese). Brücke.
1368:Meech-Pekarik, Julia (1986).
858:
719:
539:, b. 1878) and Tsuruko (
474:
367:Fire at Ryogoku from Hama-cho
365:well-received prints such as
2846:influenced non-Japanese art
1474:Kaika no ukiyoeshi Kiyochika
1342:Lo, Teresa Wing-Yan (1995).
7:
1720:Japanese woodblock printing
1702:Ukiyo-e schools and artists
1517:Santa Barbara Museum of Art
638:, volumetric modeling, and
16:Japanese artist (1847–1915)
10:
2948:
1397:University of Hawaii Press
2761:
2476:
2450:
2157:Shunkōsai Fukushū school
1878:Ishikawa Toyonobu school
1868:Ippitsusai Bunchō school
1742:
1731:
1707:
1534:Sugawara, Mayumi (2009).
1047:, pp. 194, 196, 198.
933:Merritt & Yamada 1995
789:
565:
559:
553:
547:
541:
535:
529:
473:waking from a nightmare,
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169:
120:
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94:
75:
49:
37:
30:
23:
2932:20th-century printmakers
1564:
1560:Yoshida, Susugu (1977).
1538:
1476:
1472:Sakai, Tadayasu (1978).
1441:
1270:
1244:
557:, b. 1886), Seiko (
2857:Japonaiserie (Van Gogh)
1571:]. Katatsumurisha.
1539:浮世絵版画の十九世紀: 風景の時間、歴史の空間
1391:Merritt, Helen (1990).
1317:Oxford University Press
970:. World Digital Library
948:. World Digital Library
612:His caricatures in the
563:, 1890–99), and Katsu (
450:First Sino-Japanese War
251:, the heartland of the
157:First Sino-Japanese War
1788:Harukawa Eizan school
1098:, pp. 23, 30, 33.
272:Western-style painting
241:Battle of Toba–Fushimi
2479:artists and movements
2370:Utagawa Hiroshige III
1725:List of ukiyo-e terms
1483:]. Serika Shobō.
636:geometric perspective
471:Tsar Nicholas II
305:Early kōsen-ga prints
54:Kobayashi Katsunosuke
2867:Anglo-Japanese style
2365:Utagawa Hiroshige II
2285:Utagawa Kunisada III
2151:Yanagawa Shigenobu I
1962:Keisai Eisen school
1747:of 17–19th centuries
737:Kanda Shrine at Dawn
155:; his prints of the
44:Kobayashi circa 1873
2435:Kobayashi Kiyochika
2300:Utagawa Toyokuni II
2280:Utagawa Kunisada II
2036:Nishimura Shigenaga
1744:Schools and artists
1565:小林清親 : 最後の浮世絵師
1442:小林清親: 文明開化の光と影をみつめて
1271:小林清親: 文明開化の光と影をみつめて
1245:小林清親: 文明開化の光と影をみつめて
1158:, pp. 293–294.
1071:, pp. 212–213.
1035:, pp. 204–205.
220:1855 Edo earthquake
115:Kobayashi Kiyochika
25:Kobayashi Kiyochika
2872:Post-Impressionism
2696:Shōzaburō Watanabe
2355:Utagawa Kuniteru I
2340:Utagawa Yoshitoshi
2320:Utagawa Yoshitsuya
2295:Utagawa Kunimasu I
2265:Utagawa Toyokuni I
2238:Toyohara Kunichika
2161:Shunshosai Hokucho
2026:Nishikawa Sukenobu
1956:Kawamata Tsunemasa
1951:Kawamata Tsuneyuki
1941:Katsukawa Shunkō I
1852:Yanagawa Shigenobu
1842:Katsushika Hokusai
1832:Hishikawa Moronobu
1361:10.14288/1.0099015
1351:(Master of Arts).
1214:St. Martin's Press
1134:, pp. 23, 26.
1069:Meech-Pekarik 1986
1057:Meech-Pekarik 1986
1045:Meech-Pekarik 1986
1009:Meech-Pekarik 1986
901:Meech-Pekarik 1986
809:. You can help by
592:. You can help by
573:Style and analysis
467:Russo-Japanese War
431:Russo-Japanese War
407:Russo-Japanese War
2894:
2893:
2769:Japanese painting
2671:Sekino Jun'ichirō
2651:Gihachiro Okuyama
2611:Sakuichi Fukazawa
2591:Un'ichi Hiratsuka
2505:Kiyokata Kaburagi
2360:Utagawa Hiroshige
2350:Utagawa Yoshifusa
2345:Utagawa Yoshifuji
2325:Utagawa Yoshitora
2310:Utagawa Kuniyoshi
2208:Torii Kiyomitsu I
2203:Torii Kiyomasu II
2193:Torii Kiyonobu II
2171:Shunbaisai Hokuei
2147:Shigenobu school
2141:Urakusai Nagahide
2116:Yanagawa Nobusada
2106:Shunbaisai Hokuei
2081:Shunkōsai Hokushū
2041:Ishikawa Toyonobu
2032:Nishimura school
2022:Nishikawa school
1936:Katsukawa Shunchō
1931:Katsukawa Shunsen
1926:Katsukawa Shun'ei
1921:Katsukawa Shunshō
1909:Matsuno Chikanobu
1889:Kaigetsudō school
1882:Ishikawa Toyonobu
1872:Ippitsusai Bunchō
1857:Yanagawa Nobusada
1828:Hishikawa school
1782:Furuyama Moromasa
1552:978-4-434-13892-8
1526:978-0-89951-073-6
1455:978-4-86152-480-6
1427:978-0-8248-1732-9
1406:978-0-8248-1200-3
1383:978-0-8348-0209-4
1284:978-4-86152-480-6
1258:978-4-86152-480-6
994:, pp. 19–20.
827:
826:
610:
609:
569:, b. 1894).
505:Nagano Prefecture
426:Sino-Japanese War
403:Sino-Japanese War
192:neighbourhood of
179:Japanese calendar
153:Meiji Restoration
112:
111:
64:10 September 1847
2939:
2828:Mochizuki school
2746:Tadashi Nakayama
2606:Yasuhide Kobashi
2545:Takahashi Shōtei
2430:Kobayashi Eitaku
2380:Utagawa Sadafusa
2375:Utagawa Hirokage
2335:Utagawa Yoshiiku
2315:Ryusai Shigeharu
2305:Utagawa Kuniyasu
2290:Utagawa Sadahide
2275:Utagawa Kunisada
2270:Utagawa Kunimasa
2260:Utagawa Toyohiro
2255:Utagawa Toyoharu
2234:Toyohara school
2198:Torii Kiyomasu I
2188:Torii Kiyonobu I
2132:Ryūkōsai school
2056:Okumura Masanobu
2016:Miyagawa Shunsui
2006:Miyagawa Chōshun
2002:Miyagawa school
1976:Kitagawa Utamaro
1972:Kitagawa school
1947:Kawamata school
1916:Katsukawa school
1899:Kaigetsudō Anchi
1818:Hasegawa school
1798:Harunobu school
1778:Furuyama school
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1110:, p. 15–16.
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651:woodblock prints
619:unequal treaties
614:Marumaru Chinbun
605:
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469:print depicting
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446:
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376:Marumaru Chinbun
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296:
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247:he relocated to
233:Tokugawa Iemochi
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132:woodblock prints
125:
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82:
79:28 November 1915
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42:
21:
20:
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2917:Ukiyo-e artists
2897:
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2794:Hasegawa school
2757:
2731:Chosei Kawakami
2716:Fujimori Shizuo
2681:Hiroyuki Tajima
2636:Yoshitoshi Mori
2631:Matsubara Naoko
2586:Eiichi Kotozuka
2565:Yoshida Hiroshi
2555:Tsuchiya Koitsu
2540:Shiro Kasamatsu
2515:Elizabeth Keith
2495:Hashiguchi Goyō
2478:
2472:
2446:
2415:Toriyama Sekien
2330:Kawanabe Kyōsai
2243:Yōshū Chikanobu
2213:Torii Kiyotsune
2166:Gatōken Shunshi
2052:Okumura school
2046:Suzuki Harunobu
1996:Kitao Shigemasa
1904:Hasegawa Eishun
1894:Kaigetsudō Ando
1838:Hokusai school
1822:Hasegawa Settan
1802:Suzuki Harunobu
1767:Chōbunsai Eishi
1757:Gigadō Ashiyuki
1753:Asayama school
1746:
1738:
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1601:Wayback Machine
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1504:Harvard College
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1465:Further reading
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834:Tsuchiya Kōitsu
823:
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807:needs expansion
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734:
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701:Cat and lantern
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590:needs expansion
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511:hot springs in
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264:Kawanabe Kyōsai
185:
165:
163:Life and career
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126:was a Japanese
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2250:Utagawa school
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2223:Torii Kiyonaga
2220:
2218:Torii Kiyohiro
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2136:Ryūkōsai Jokei
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2113:
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2091:Yoshida Hanbei
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2011:Miyagawa Isshō
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1586:External links
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1227:(26): 259–76.
1218:
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1194:, p. 293.
1184:
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83:(aged 68)
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2072:Osaka school
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2066:Ōoka Shunboku
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1992:Kitao school
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1309:Lane, Richard
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1169:
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1144:Buckland 2013
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805:This section
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673:fukoku kyōhei
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629:
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604:
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588:This section
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523:Personal life
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2883:Ligne claire
2881:
2849:
2843:
2832:
2823:Shijō school
2815:
2808:
2799:Kyoto school
2774:Rinpa school
2676:Toko Shinoda
2646:Tetsuya Noda
2574:Sosaku-hanga
2572:
2571:
2510:Hasui Kawase
2486:
2485:
2477:20th century
2434:
2385:Adachi Ginkō
2178:Torii school
2062:Ōoka school
1966:Keisai Eisen
1612:
1608:
1607:Prints from
1568:
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1168:Merritt 1990
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1103:
1091:
1086:, p. 9.
1064:
1052:
1040:
1033:Kikkawa 2015
1028:
1021:Kikkawa 2015
1016:
992:Merritt 1990
972:. Retrieved
962:
950:. Retrieved
940:
918:Kikkawa 2015
880:Kikkawa 2015
840:Richard Lane
838:
832:
828:
815:
811:adding to it
806:
781:
766:
751:
736:
715:
700:
682:
671:
663:clock towers
649:Kiyochika's
648:
633:
624:
613:
611:
598:
594:adding to it
589:
526:
501:Shijō school
498:
491:
423:
418:
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375:
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355:Inoue Yasuji
353:
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331:
316:
280:
257:
226:
224:
166:
140:
136:Meiji period
114:
113:
81:(1915-11-28)
18:
2912:1915 deaths
2907:1847 births
2877:Art Nouveau
2789:Hara school
2784:Akita ranga
2779:Kanō school
2721:Reika Iwami
2616:Masao Maeda
2596:Itow Takumi
2530:Ohara Koson
2500:Itō Shinsui
2420:Ogata Gekkō
2410:Sawa Sekkyō
2101:Hirosada II
1812:Shiba Kōkan
1666:Visual arts
1374:Weatherhill
1201:Works cited
723: 1879
640:chiaroscuro
509:Asama Onsen
452:print, 1894
411:Koppi Dojin
380: [
358: [
285: [
245:fall of Edo
228:kanjō-bugyō
186: [
183:Kurayashiki
145: [
95:Nationality
2901:Categories
2488:Shin-hanga
2468:Yokohama-e
2463:Nagasaki-e
2458:Kamigata-e
2096:Hirosada I
1477:開化の浮世絵師 清親
859:References
678:Yoshitoshi
655:Edo period
438:War prints
395:newspapers
237:Boshin War
60:1847-09-10
2851:Japonisme
2626:Maki Haku
2451:By region
2126:Yoshitaki
1981:Tsukimaro
1642:Biography
1301:Doubleday
1192:Lane 1962
1180:Lane 1962
1156:Lane 1962
849:Kuniyoshi
845:Hiroshige
667:railroads
659:carriages
644:Hiroshige
517:Kita Ward
513:Matsumoto
399:magazines
2111:Kunimasu
2086:Ashiyuki
1577:43079094
1502:(B.A.).
1489:23339701
1311:(1978).
1295:(1962).
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2844:Ukiyo-e
2817:Nihonga
2762:Related
2737:Others
2405:Sharaku
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1715:Ukiyo-e
1708:General
1628:Portals
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1120:Lo 1995
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1096:Lo 1995
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952:24 May
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494:, 1904
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170:小林 勝之助
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