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landscape. Chaco-style kivas are often found incorporated into the central room blocks of great houses, but great kivas are always separate from core structures. Great kivas almost always have a bench that encircles the inner space, but this feature is not found in Chaco-style kivas. Great kivas also tend to include floor vaults, which might have served as foot drums for ceremonial dancers, but Chaco-style kivas do not. Great kivas are believed to be the first public buildings constructed in the
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276:... purpose is unclear. ... Each had an exterior doorway to the plaza. ... Four massive pillars of alternating masonry and horizontal poles held up the ceiling beams, which in turn supported an estimated 95-ton roof. Each pillar rested on four shaped-stone disks, weighing about 355 pounds apiece. These discs are of limestone, which came from mountains at least 40 mi (60 km) away.
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also features great kivas), in several ways; first and foremost, great kivas are always much larger and deeper than Chaco-style kivas. Whereas the walls of great kivas always extend above the surrounding landscape, the walls of Chaco-style kivas do not, but are instead flush with the surrounding
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started building square pit structures that archeologists call protokivas. They were typically 3 or 4 feet (90 or 120 cm) deep and 12 to 20 feet (4 to 6 m) in diameter. By the mid-10th and early 11th centuries, these had evolved into smaller circular structures called kivas, which were
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were generally keyhole-shaped. In most larger communities, it was normal to find one kiva for each five or six rooms. Kiva destruction, primarily by burning, has been seen as a strong archaeological indicator of conflict and warfare among people of the South-West during this period.
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period between 1150 and 1300, kivas continued to have a prominent place in the community. However, some kivas were built above ground. Kiva architecture became more elaborate, with tower kivas and great kivas incorporating specialized floor features. For example, kivas found in
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belief system appears to have emerged in the South-West around A.D. 1250, while kiva-like structures occurred much earlier. This suggests that the room's older functions may have been changed or adapted to suit the new religious practice.
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region, the ratio changed from 60 to 90 rooms for each kiva. This may indicate a religious or organizational change within the society, perhaps affecting the status and number of clans among the Pueblo people.
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163:. For the Ancestral Puebloans, these rooms are believed to have had a variety of functions, including domestic residence along with social and ceremonial purposes.
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usually 12 to 15 feet (4 to 5 m) across. Mesa Verde-style kivas included a feature from earlier times called a
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and most other Pueblo peoples, "kiva" means a large room that is circular and underground, and used for spiritual
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Great kivas differ from regular kivas, which archeologists call Chaco-style kivas (although
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system developed by archaeologists, were usually round and evolved from simpler
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was excavated by Earl Morris in 1921 and reconstructed by him 13 years later.
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Fifteen top rooms encircle the central chamber of the vast Great Kiva at
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The Mesa Verde World: Explorations in
Ancestral Puebloan Archaeology
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The Mesa Verde World: Explorations in
Ancestral Puebloan Archaeology
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for rites and political meetings, many of them associated with the
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Room used by
Puebloans for religious rituals and political meetings
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Markovich, Nicholas; Preiser, Wolfgang; Sturm, Fred (2015).
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Religious places of the
Indigenous peoples of North America
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The great kivas of Chaco Canyon and their relationships
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As cultural changes occurred, particularly during the
516:, School of American Research Press, pp. 28–37,
498:, School of American Research Press, pp. 74–83,
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639:. Exploring the Ancient World. Smithsonian Books.
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673:Rohn, Arthur H.; Ferguson, William M (2006).
656:Prehistoric Warfare in the American Southwest
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489:, Western National Parks Association (WPNA)
151:. Those used by the ancient Pueblos of the
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3124:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
616:Learn how and when to remove this message
542:(12), Cottonwood Arizona: D. South: 12–17
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461:
217:Learn how and when to remove this message
579:This article includes a list of general
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84:
72:
60:
49:
38:
27:
653:
634:
4081:
529:
390:Pueblo Style and Regional Architecture
374:
243:When designating an ancient room as a
81:showing the vast size of the structure
56:Chaco Culture National Historical Park
3680:
2597:
1920:
1559:
825:
730:
547:Vivian, Gordon; Reiter, Paul (1965),
1921:
565:
511:
425:
413:
199:adding citations to reliable sources
170:
89:Ruins of the kiva at Puerco Pueblo,
43:Interior of a reconstructed kiva at
3595:Norse colonization of North America
135:rooms are found among ruins in the
13:
677:. University of New Mexico Press.
628:
585:it lacks sufficient corresponding
551:, University of New Mexico Press,
280:After 1325 or 1350, except in the
14:
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1873:Megalithic architectural elements
692:
331:Koshare Indian Museum and Dancers
155:and following, designated by the
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1560:
570:
175:
116:belief system. Among the modern
4094:Puebloan architectural elements
3615:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
2492:Evolutionary origin of religion
675:Puebloan Ruins of the Southwest
186:needs additional citations for
530:Pecina, Ron (December 2012), "
380:
91:Petrified Forest National Park
1:
2105:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
1635:British megalith architecture
356:
292:
270:Aztec Ruins National Monument
229:During the late 8th century,
79:Aztec Ruins National Monument
67:Aztec Ruins National Monument
4104:Semi-subterranean structures
3708:Native American architecture
3580:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
3530:Eastern Agricultural Complex
2100:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
1640:Nordic megalith architecture
658:. University of Utah Press.
166:
7:
2964:Bandelier National Monument
2838:List of Mississippian sites
2625:Pre-Columbian North America
654:LeBlanc, Steven A. (1999).
309:
100:Chacoan round room features
34:Bandelier National Monument
10:
4120:
3384:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
2989:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
2698:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
2248:British Isles and Brittany
2169:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
635:Cordell, Linda S. (1994).
482:; Nichols, Teresa (2004),
137:Southwestern United States
77:Interior of Great Kiva at
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3625:Three Sisters agriculture
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438:Cajete & Nichols 2004
54:Ruins of a great kiva at
3164:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
2723:Buttermilk Creek complex
450:Vivian & Reiter 1965
262:Mesa Verde National Park
45:Mesa Verde National Park
3364:Town Creek Indian Mound
3334:Sierra de San Francisco
3189:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
2480:Evolutionary musicology
1883:Oldest extant buildings
1810:Archaeological features
1329:Prepared-core technique
600:more precise citations.
3019:Coso Rock Art District
2906:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
2809:List of Hopewell sites
2442:Unchambered long cairn
2290:Mound Builders culture
1623:Neolithic architecture
758:Prehistoric technology
637:Ancient Pueblo Peoples
278:
101:
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82:
70:
58:
47:
36:
32:Reconstructed kiva at
3427:Arlington Springs Man
3269:Portsmouth Earthworks
2117:List of Stone Age art
1319:Microblade technology
1267:Langdale axe industry
865:Ard / plough
484:A Trail Guide to the
462:Hurst & Till 2006
274:
99:
88:
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64:
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42:
31:
18:Kiva (disambiguation)
3880:Mesoamerican pyramid
3635:Transoceanic contact
3525:Container Revolution
3099:Gila Cliff Dwellings
3064:Etowah Indian Mounds
2524:Prehistoric medicine
2519:Prehistoric counting
2502:Prehistoric religion
2497:Paleolithic religion
2475:Behavioral modernity
1832:Causewayed enclosure
1724:Abri de la Madeleine
848:Neolithic Revolution
195:improve this article
157:Pecos Classification
16:For other uses, see
3796:Territorial Revival
3555:Green Corn Ceremony
3369:Turkey River Mounds
3159:Lake Jackson Mounds
2979:Blue Spring Shelter
2563:Prehistoric warfare
1309:Magdalenian culture
1272:Levallois technique
1203:Earliest toolmaking
699:La Kiva tradicional
141:ancestral Puebloans
108:is a space used by
3640:Underwater panther
3314:Rosenstock Village
3184:Marmes Rockshelter
3169:L'Anse aux Meadows
2514:Origin of language
2507:Spiritual drug use
2417:Rectangular dolmen
2319:Dartmoor kistvaens
2132:Carved stone balls
1844:Circular enclosure
1803:Other architecture
1746:Alp pile dwellings
1334:Solutrean industry
1245:Gravettian culture
895:Secondary products
480:Cajete, Gregory A.
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65:The Great Kiva at
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37:
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3666:Pre-Columbian era
3467:Spirit Cave mummy
3264:Plum Bayou Mounds
3174:Lynch Quarry Site
2693:Ancient Beringian
2591:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2583:
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2536:Prehistoric music
2485:music archaeology
2142:Cup and ring mark
1967:Clothing/textiles
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1550:
1547:
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1354:Yubetsu technique
1339:Striking platform
1304:Lithic technology
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1174:Game drive system
1093:Projectile points
985:Mortar and pestle
626:
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558:978-0-8263-0297-7
523:978-1-930618-75-6
505:978-1-930618-75-6
452:, pp. 82–92.
416:, pp. 30–31.
400:978-1-317-39883-7
304:Mesa Verde region
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3610:Projectile point
3447:Leanderthal Lady
3374:Upward Sun River
3349:Stallings Island
3339:Shell ring sites
3289:Recapture Canyon
3204:Moorehead Circle
3049:El Fin del Mundo
3034:Cueva de la Olla
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2827:Maritime Archaic
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2551:Divje Babe flute
2458:Archaeoastronomy
2201:Petrosomatoglyph
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1767:Water management
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1460:Denticulate tool
1282:Lithic reduction
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717:Mule Canyon Kiva
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126:place of worship
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3661:Genetic history
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3503:Ceremonial pipe
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3457:Minnesota Woman
3414:
3408:
3229:Ocmulgee Mounds
3209:Morrison Mounds
3154:Kolomoki Mounds
3144:Kimball Village
3004:Candelaria Cave
2946:
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2921:Suwannee Valley
2856:Old Cordilleran
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2432:Stone box grave
2402:Megalithic tomb
2307:Cotswold-Severn
2259:
2164:Guardian stones
2092:Prehistoric art
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1893:Timber trackway
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1758:Wattle and daub
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1590:Standing stones
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914:Food processing
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858:New World crops
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701:de Oscar Freire
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629:Further reading
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592:Please help to
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153:Pueblo I Period
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4010:Platform mound
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3912:
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3892:
3886:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3821:
3819:
3817:Building types
3813:
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3805:
3803:
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3800:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3773:
3768:
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3718:
3712:
3711:
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3703:
3696:
3689:
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3672:
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3669:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3585:Mound Builders
3582:
3577:
3572:
3570:Medicine wheel
3567:
3562:
3560:Horned Serpent
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3484:
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3469:
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3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3299:Roberts Island
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3234:Old Stone Fort
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3199:Moaning Cavern
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3149:Kincaid Mounds
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:Cuarenta Casas
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2984:Bluefish Caves
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2945:Archaeological
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
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2841:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2743:Caloosahatchee
2740:
2735:
2730:
2728:Caborn-Welborn
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2674:Archaeological
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2621:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2598:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2584:
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2580:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2541:Alligator drum
2533:
2532:
2531:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2468:lunar calendar
2465:
2454:
2452:
2451:Other cultural
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
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2377:
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2370:
2365:
2355:
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2348:
2338:
2333:
2328:
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2311:
2310:
2309:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2269:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2255:Venus figurine
2252:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2186:Megalithic art
2183:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2139:
2137:Cave paintings
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1939:Material goods
1931:
1930:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
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1900:
1890:
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1701:
1696:
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1684:
1679:
1674:
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1672:
1662:
1657:
1655:Cliff dwelling
1652:
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1632:
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1630:
1619:
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1269:
1264:
1263:
1262:
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1247:
1242:
1240:Fire hardening
1237:
1232:
1230:Clovis culture
1227:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1199:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1153:Manis Mastodon
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1097:
1095:
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1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1032:throwing stick
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
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832:
831:
819:
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796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
765:
762:
761:
754:
753:
746:
739:
731:
725:
724:
713:
702:
694:
693:External links
691:
690:
689:
684:978-0826339706
683:
670:
665:978-0874805819
664:
651:
646:978-0895990389
645:
630:
627:
624:
623:
578:
576:
569:
563:
562:
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522:
509:
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491:
475:
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454:
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399:
379:
366:
365:
364:
363:
358:
355:
354:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
316:Casa Rinconada
311:
308:
294:
291:
272:. The rooms'
225:
224:
183:
181:
174:
168:
165:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4116:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4069:
4068:Talud-tablero
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
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4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
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4013:
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4008:
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4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
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3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3889:Twin-pyramids
3887:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3759:
3758:Mayan Revival
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3690:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3545:Falcon dancer
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:Miscellaneous
3479:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3452:Melbourne Man
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3442:La Brea Woman
3440:
3438:
3437:Kennewick Man
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3329:Serpent Mound
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:Pueblo Bonito
3277:
3275:
3274:Poverty Point
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:Pinson Mounds
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:Painted Bluff
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3129:Horr's Island
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3059:Effigy Mounds
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:Crystal River
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2936:Weeden Island
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2901:Safety Harbor
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2891:Poverty Point
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2871:Paleo-Indians
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2832:Mississippian
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2661:
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2656:
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2648:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2600:
2599:
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2574:
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2570:
2569:
2566:
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2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
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2527:
2526:
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2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2508:
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2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Simple dolmen
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:Passage grave
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
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2373:
2369:
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2359:
2358:Gallery grave
2356:
2354:
2351:
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2339:
2337:
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2329:
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2300:
2296:
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2292:
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2288:
2284:
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2279:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2273:Burial mounds
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Statue menhir
2231:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2221:Stone carving
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
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2184:
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2123:
2120:
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2115:
2111:
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2060:Sewing needle
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1888:Timber circle
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1837:Tor enclosure
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1825:fulacht fiadh
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1096:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1061:spear-thrower
1059:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:Bow and arrow
1037:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1013:
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1007:
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986:
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976:
973:
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966:
964:
961:
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956:
954:
951:
949:
948:Grinding slab
946:
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941:
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932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
916:
912:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
880:Domestication
878:
876:
875:Digging stick
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
859:
856:
854:
853:Founder crops
851:
850:
849:
846:
845:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
820:
814:
811:
807:
804:
803:
802:
799:
795:
794:New Stone Age
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
770:
767:
766:
763:
759:
752:
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733:
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723:
719:
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686:
680:
676:
671:
667:
661:
657:
652:
648:
642:
638:
633:
632:
620:
617:
609:
606:December 2011
599:
595:
589:
588:
582:
577:
568:
567:
560:
554:
550:
545:
541:
537:
536:Indian Trader
533:
528:
525:
519:
515:
510:
507:
501:
497:
492:
488:
487:
481:
477:
476:
471:
470:
464:, p. 78.
463:
458:
451:
446:
439:
434:
428:, p. 30.
427:
422:
415:
410:
402:
396:
393:. Routledge.
392:
391:
383:
376:
371:
367:
361:
360:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
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307:
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300:
290:
287:
283:
277:
273:
271:
266:
263:
258:
253:
250:
246:
241:
239:
238:
232:
231:Mesa Verdeans
221:
218:
210:
200:
196:
190:
189:
184:This section
182:
178:
173:
172:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
98:
92:
87:
80:
75:
68:
63:
57:
52:
46:
41:
35:
30:
26:
19:
3864:
3845:Guachimontón
3729:Mesoamerican
3645:Water glyphs
3600:Oasisamerica
3590:N.A.G.P.R.A.
3564:
3550:Folsom point
3540:Effigy mound
3520:Clovis point
3488:Aridoamerica
3389:Wickiup Hill
3344:Spiro Mounds
3324:Salmon Ruins
3319:Russell Cave
3114:Helen Blazes
3109:Grimes Point
3089:Fort Juelson
3079:Fort Ancient
3054:El Vallecito
3014:Chaco Canyon
2954:Angel Mounds
2916:Steed-Kisker
2866:Paleo-Arctic
2788:Glacial Kame
2773:Fort Ancient
2665:Post-Classic
2636:
2368:wedge-shaped
2353:Funeral pyre
2346:Great dolmen
2302:Chamber tomb
2283:Round barrow
2238:Stone circle
2110:Blombos Cave
2038:Grooved ware
1962:Chalcolithic
1866:Thornborough
1784:Flush toilet
1719:Blombos Cave
1714:Rock shelter
1670:Quiggly hole
1579:
1562:Architecture
1537:illustration
1179:Buffalo jump
1000:Storage pits
963:Aşıklı Höyük
953:Ground stone
789:Subdivisions
706:Perfect Kiva
674:
655:
636:
612:
603:
584:
548:
539:
535:
513:
495:
483:
472:Bibliography
457:
445:
433:
421:
409:
389:
382:
370:
336:Pueblo clown
299:Chaco Canyon
296:
279:
275:
267:
254:
244:
242:
235:
228:
213:
204:
193:Please help
188:verification
185:
133:subterranean
130:
105:
103:
25:
4048:Corbel arch
4015:Rope bridge
3945:Sweat lodge
3900:Plank house
3840:Earth lodge
3791:Territorial
3753:San Bartolo
3630:Thunderbird
3498:Black drink
3462:Peñon woman
3399:Winterville
3379:Velda Mound
3359:Taos Pueblo
3254:Parkin Park
3239:Orwell site
3224:Nodena site
3119:Holly Bluff
3094:Four Mounds
3084:Fort Center
3009:Casa Grande
2959:Anzick site
2851:Monongahela
2778:Fort Walton
2753:Coles Creek
2718:Belle Glade
2703:Anishinaabe
2390:unchambered
2385:Long barrow
2375:Grave goods
2331:Court cairn
2326:Clava cairn
2278:Bowl barrow
2216:Rock cupule
2159:Golden hats
2152:Hill figure
2053:Unstan ware
2033:Cord-marked
1898:Sweet Track
1820:Burnt mound
1741:Stilt house
1729:Sibudu Cave
1522:Tally stick
1490:Quern-stone
1475:Hammerstone
1465:Fire plough
1436:Pesse canoe
1394:Bannerstone
1364:Other tools
1277:Lithic core
1225:Aurignacian
1113:Bare Island
995:Quern-stone
598:introducing
486:Aztec Ruins
375:Pecina 2012
4083:Categories
4005:Moki steps
3977:Structures
3771:Neo-Andean
3575:Metallurgy
3535:Eden point
3432:Buhl Woman
3304:Rock Eagle
3294:River Styx
3219:Mummy Cave
3214:Moundville
3194:Mesa Verde
3179:Marksville
2926:Tchefuncte
2886:Plaquemine
2822:Las Palmas
2738:Calf Creek
2733:Cades Pond
2529:trepanning
2422:Ring cairn
2380:Jar burial
2363:transepted
2295:U.S. sites
2196:Petroglyph
2122:Bird stone
2080:wine press
1753:Stone roof
1736:Roundhouse
1628:long house
1605:Stonehenge
1573:Ceremonial
1517:Stone tool
1344:Tool stone
1314:Metallurgy
1218:Mousterian
1195:Toolmaking
1133:Cumberland
1106:Transverse
1076:Schöningen
968:Qesem cave
936:Earth oven
890:Irrigation
801:Technology
769:Prehistory
581:references
534:or Kiva",
357:References
341:Souterrain
321:False Kiva
293:Great kiva
257:Pueblo III
161:pit-houses
147:, and the
122:ceremonies
4053:Roof comb
3985:Ballcourt
3870:Longhouse
3830:Corn crib
3620:Stickball
3309:Rock Hawk
3139:Key Marco
2931:Troyville
2911:St. Johns
2896:Red Ocher
2655:Formative
2573:symbolism
2437:Tor cairn
2395:Grønsalen
2336:Cremation
2228:Sculpture
2206:Pictogram
2191:Petroform
2011:amber use
1979:Cosmetics
1789:Reservoir
1774:Check dam
1704:Pueblitos
1699:Pit-house
1682:Longhouse
1616:Dwellings
1485:Microlith
1416:Bow drill
1411:Bone tool
1404:prismatic
1213:Acheulean
1128:Cresswell
1101:Arrowhead
1027:Boomerang
943:Granaries
905:Terracing
784:Stone Age
426:Lipe 2006
414:Lipe 2006
362:Citations
351:Zemlyanka
167:Evolution
110:Puebloans
4035:Elements
3950:Temazcal
3825:Barabara
3508:Chanunpa
3493:Ballgame
3472:Vero man
3422:Anzick-1
3394:Windover
3354:SunWatch
3284:Rassawek
3104:Glenwood
2994:Brewster
2846:Mogollon
2817:La Jolla
2803:Hopewell
2763:Deptford
2676:cultures
2211:Rock art
2174:painting
2147:Geoglyph
1972:timeline
1952:Beadwork
1692:Mehrgarh
1687:Mudbrick
1595:megalith
1470:Fire-saw
1292:debitage
1287:analysis
1255:Hand axe
1235:Cupstone
813:Glossary
774:Timeline
310:See also
207:May 2021
145:Mogollon
131:Similar
4000:E-Group
3990:Chultun
3940:Shabono
3920:Quiggly
3884:Triadic
3835:Chickee
3781:Revival
3748:Río Bec
3657:Related
3515:Chunkey
3415:remains
3404:Wupatki
3244:Paquime
3134:Huápoca
2999:Cahokia
2969:Bastian
2876:Patayan
2798:Hohokam
2783:Fremont
2758:Comondú
2713:Baytown
2708:Avonlea
2688:Alachua
2660:Classic
2650:Archaic
2638:Periods
2568:Symbols
2179:pigment
2065:Weaving
2028:Cardium
2023:Pottery
2018:Mirrors
2006:Jewelry
1947:Baskets
1927:culture
1779:Cistern
1585:Pyramid
1527:Weapons
1505:Scraper
1495:Racloir
1455:Cleaver
1443:Chopper
1349:Uniface
1260:Grooves
1250:Hafting
1208:Oldowan
1167:Systems
1118:Cascade
1081:woomera
1071:harpoon
1044:history
1010:Hunting
990:Pottery
931:Cooking
840:Farming
806:history
779:Outline
722:YouTube
711:YouTube
594:improve
346:Temenos
249:kachina
149:Hohokam
114:kachina
4063:Sipapu
4058:Sascab
4043:Ashlar
3967:Wigwam
3930:Ramada
3925:Qullqa
3915:Qarmaq
3905:Pukara
3875:Maloca
3776:Pueblo
3766:Muisca
3716:Styles
3074:Folsom
3039:Cutler
2974:Benson
2861:Oneota
2793:Glades
2768:Folsom
2748:Clovis
2645:Lithic
2546:flutes
2341:Dolmen
2265:Burial
2075:winery
2048:Linear
1878:Midden
1856:Cursus
1849:Goseck
1709:Pueblo
1660:Dugout
1645:Burdei
1324:Mining
1148:Lamoka
1143:Folsom
1123:Clovis
980:Metate
958:Hearth
926:Basket
900:Sickle
681:
662:
643:
583:, but
555:
532:Estufa
520:
502:
397:
286:Pueblo
237:sipapu
143:, the
124:and a
4025:Ushnu
4020:Sacbe
3962:Tupiq
3910:Qargi
3860:Jacal
3855:Igloo
3850:Hogan
3733:Aztec
3605:Piasa
3413:Human
3044:Eaker
2947:sites
2881:Plano
2683:Adena
2463:sites
2407:Mummy
2127:Cairn
2043:Jōmon
1994:shoes
1989:Hides
1861:Henge
1815:Broch
1677:Jacal
1532:Wheel
1480:Knife
1426:Canoe
1421:Burin
1399:Blade
1297:flake
1158:Plano
1066:baton
1056:Spear
1022:Arrow
975:Manos
828:Tools
326:Fogou
3995:Cuel
3957:Tipi
3935:Ruka
3865:Kiva
3786:Deco
3743:Puuc
3738:Maya
3724:Inca
3565:Kiva
2556:gudi
2314:Cist
2243:list
2070:Wine
1999:Ötzi
1984:Glue
1957:Beds
1925:and
1923:Arts
1794:Well
1650:Cave
1580:Kiva
1510:side
1500:Rope
1448:tool
1382:bone
1372:Adze
1138:Eden
1051:Nets
921:Fire
885:Goad
870:Celt
679:ISBN
660:ISBN
641:ISBN
553:ISBN
540:3564
518:ISBN
500:ISBN
395:ISBN
284:and
282:Hopi
245:kiva
118:Hopi
106:kiva
3895:Oca
3069:Eva
1665:Hut
1600:row
1431:Oar
1389:Axe
1377:Awl
720:on
709:on
197:by
4085::
538:,
306:.
128:.
104:A
3891:)
3882:(
3760:)
3731:(
3700:e
3693:t
3686:v
2617:e
2610:t
2603:v
750:e
743:t
736:v
687:.
668:.
649:.
619:)
613:(
608:)
604:(
590:.
440:.
403:.
377:.
220:)
214:(
209:)
205:(
191:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.