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they passed. Ducks, cranes, swans, woodcock and other waterfowl were heard calling, whilst in the clearings of the woods deer could be seen grazing on the tender grass and young shoots, without fear of the wild beasts that roamed everywhere. Wild and ferocious elephants adorned with ivory tusks, who proved a menace to the lakes by causing the banks to crumble, wandered about here and there and intoxicated with Mada juice, striking their foreheads against the rocks, resembled moving mountains. Monkeys as large as elephants, covered with dust and every species of wild beast and bird were seen by the followers of
Sugriva as they passed on their way.
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and Utkala and the city of
Dasharna also; Abravanti and Avanti, Vidarbhas and Nishtikas and the charming Mahishakas. You will see too, the Matsyas, Kalingas and Kaushikas, where you should search for the princess and the Dandaka Forest with its mountains, rivers and caverns and the Godavari, also examine the districts of Andhras, Paundras, the Cholas, Pandyas and Keralas. Then repair to the Ayomukha Mountain, rich in ore, with its marvellous peaks and flowering woodlands; that mountain, possessing lovely forests of sandalwood, should be carefully searched by you.
270:
Yudhisthira's rule, King
Bhishmaka and the king of the Koshalas. Sahadeva then fought with Mainda and Dvivida, the kings of Kishkinda. Then Sahadeva encountered his toughest challenge at Mahismati; he fought with king Nila, who was aided by Agni, the fire god. The encounter between the two forces was fierce, terrible and bloody, and before long Agni, the fire god, was scorching the front line of chariots, elephants and soldiers in Sahadeva's army. Witnessing the possible extinction of his army, Sahadeva did not know what to do.
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220:, Sugriva's wife. Even as Tara laments, Sugriva is installed as king once more. However, four months later, he fails to honour his pledge to support Rama's rescue, lost in his blissful dalliance with Tara. A furious Lakshmana, first mollified by Tara, reproaches Sugriva for his conduct, after which he reconciles with him. Sugriva assembles his vanara forces and commands them to venture into the following regions:
182:
not loose his arrow, Sugriva flees towards the
Rishyamuka hill, where his brother dared not venture. Rama explains that he did not intercede since he could not distinguish between the two, upon which a wreath of flowers was placed around the vanara's neck. The entourage then visit the hermitage of Saptajanas:
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While there, Rama entered into a friendly compact with
Sugriva, the brother of the monkey-king Vali, and showed his skill in archery by shooting through the trunks of seven Tala trees. Then he killed Vali and made over the sovereignty of the monkey-land Kishkinda to his brother Sugriva, and quartered
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You will first behold the
Vindhya ranges, possessing a hundred peaks covered with trees and shrubs of every kind, and the enchanting river, Narmada, frequented by mighty serpents, and the wide and charming stream, Godavari, with its dark reeds, and the captivating Krishnaveni; the regions of Mekhalas
216:'s pleas to make peace with Rama, Bali sets out to duel his brother once more, and is slain by Rama's arrow to his breast. Vali and Rama engage in a conversation about the morality of Rama's actions, to which Rama retorts that the vanara had conducted himself in a heinous manner by forcefully bedding
163:
I know well that the fruit of friendship is mutual aid, O Great Monkey! I shall slay that Bali, who has carried off your consort! These pointed shafts that you perceivest, these arrows bright as the sun, fly straight to their target. Decorated with heron’s feathers and resembling Indra’s thunderbolt,
181:
Sugriva, in turn, shows the cloak and jewels of Sita that had descended from the sky upon his kingdom during her abduction by Ravana. After
Sugriva regales the tales of his brother's exploits, he goes to challenge his brother for a duel, having sought Rama's assistance in the fight. When Rama does
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They observed the trees bowed with the weight of their flowers and the rivers bearing their peaceful waters to the sea. The ravines and cliffs with their chasms, caves, peaks and charming dales, the lakes with their limpid waters of emerald hue, adorned with opening lotus buds, drew their gaze as
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Sahadeva, on the order of
Maharaja Yudhisthira, marched toward the southern countries. He defeated the Surasenas, the Matsyas and brought under his sway Dantavakra, the mighty king of Adhirajas. He conquered the Nishadas and the kings of Avanti, Vinda and Anuvinda. He brought under Maharaja
159:. In this text, a banished Sugriva sends his trusted counsellor, Hanuman, to meet the mysterious Rama and Lakshmana. Satisfied with their noble demeanour, he brings them to Sugriva. The two parties exchange their tales, after which Rama forges an alliance with the former vanara monarch:
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skilfully wrought, their points sharpened, resembling provoked serpents, they will pierce that perverse wretch with force. To-day you shalt see Bali fall on the earth like a cleft mountain struck by these pointed darts, resembling venomous snakes.
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336:. The mountain near the river known as Rishimukha, where Sugriva lived with Hanuman during his exile, bears the same name.
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Rama offers his ring to Maruti (Hanuman) to prove that he is Rama's messenger, surrounded by the vanaras of
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holy book, this was the kingdom that
Sugriva ruled with the assistance of his counsellor,
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510:"Sugriva sends out other Monkeys to explore the Southern Region [Chapter 41]"
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range to the South Indian peninsula. Thus, this kingdom was considered that of the
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The vanara army then venture out of Kishkindha to scour these regions for Sita.
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himself with his beloved Lakshmana in the outskirts of the Mount Rishyamukha.
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The Ramayana of Valmiki: Aranya kanda. Kishkindha kanda. Sundara kanda
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The Ramayana has a book that is based in Kishkindha, known as the
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536:"Lord Krishna Benedicts the Imprisoned Kings [Chapter 5]"
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This kingdom is often identified to be the region around the
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261:'s conflict with the kings of Kishkindha is mentioned in the
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during his southern military campaign to collect tribute for
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Brahma mentions Kishkindha while narrating the Ramayanam:
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Anjaneya Parvata, said to be the birthplace of Hanuman
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Mahabharata: The Greatest Spiritual Epic of All Time
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is held by the locals to the birthplace of Hanuman.
128:is stated to have visited this kingdom in the epic
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246:Sugriva and Lakshmana confer with a vanara escort
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399:. Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. p. 77.
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97:which was founded by King Danda, son of
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562:"The Ramayana [Chapter CXLIII]"
508:www.wisdomlib.org (26 September 2020).
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652:Tribes and kingdoms mentioned in the
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612:Kishkinda: Literature and Archaeology
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534:www.wisdomlib.org (9 January 2015).
560:www.wisdomlib.org (15 April 2015).
426:. Simon and Schuster. p. 165.
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592:. Rupa Publications. p. 198.
420:Dharma, Krishna (18 August 2020).
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470:. Shanti Sadan. p. 198.
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237:, Kishkinda Kanda, Chapter 41
176:, Kishkindha Kanda, Chapter 5
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497:. Shanti Sadan. p. 213.
453:. Shanti Sadan. p. 179.
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589:Dating The Era of Lord Ram
586:Pushkar Bhatnagar (2004).
109:, which extended from the
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2525:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
282:, Chapter 5, Sabha Parva
393:Kishore, B. R. (2007).
1997:Sri Ramayana Darshanam
1962:Ramayana Kalpavruksham
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60:. It is ruled by King
52:) is a kingdom of the
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320:river (then known as
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101:, and descendant of
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1906:Jagamohana Ramayana
1551:Narantaka-Devantaka
78:. According to the
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311:In popular culture
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212:Ignoring his wife
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540:www.wisdomlib.org
514:www.wisdomlib.org
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433:978-1-68383-920-0
406:978-81-7182-070-2
189:The death of Vali
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2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:Other deities
2369:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:Hindu deities
2071:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1674:Other figures
1671:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1496:Akshayakumara
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
893:
890:
889:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
661:
657:
656:
647:
642:
640:
635:
633:
628:
627:
624:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
601:
599:9788129126191
595:
591:
590:
582:
567:
563:
556:
541:
537:
530:
515:
511:
504:
496:
495:
487:
479:
473:
469:
468:
460:
452:
451:
443:
435:
429:
425:
424:
416:
408:
402:
398:
397:
389:
385:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
352:
348:
347:
342:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:
305:, Chapter 143
304:
303:Garuda Purana
298:
293:
288:Garuda Purana
281:
277:
271:
266:
264:
260:
251:
244:
236:
232:
226:
221:
219:
215:
206:
202:
196:
187:
183:
175:
171:
165:
160:
158:
143:
141:
137:
133:
132:
127:
124:
120:
117:. During the
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
87:
85:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
49:
43:
35:
31:
27:
21:
2530:
2523:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2425:Gramadevatas
2359:
2208:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1794:Books/Kandas
1774:
1770:Dandakaranya
1676:and concepts
1659:Rishyasringa
1526:Dhanyamalini
1458:Makaradhwaja
1295:
1214:Uttara Madra
1079:Pratyagratha
1074:Pragjyotisha
898:
792:Gopa Rashtra
653:
588:
581:
569:. Retrieved
565:
555:
543:. Retrieved
539:
529:
517:. Retrieved
513:
503:
494:Aranya Kanda
493:
486:
466:
459:
450:Aranya Kanda
449:
442:
422:
415:
395:
388:
295:
291:
268:
257:
249:
223:
211:
193:
180:
162:
154:
136:Yudhishthira
129:
119:Dvapara Yuga
88:
73:
45:
29:
28:
26:
2509:Mahabharata
2420:Kuladevatas
2199:Vishvakarma
2018:Yama Zatdaw
1885:Bhaṭṭikāvya
1699:Kushadhvaja
1654:Vishvamitra
1644:Parashurama
1581:Shurpanakha
1486:Kumbhakarna
1369:Shrutakirti
1209:Uttara Kuru
949:Maha Chinas
747:Dakshinatya
655:Mahabharata
318:Tungabhadra
280:Mahabharata
263:Mahabharata
254:Mahabharata
142:sacrifice.
131:Mahabharata
89:During the
2566:Categories
2491:Upanishads
2410:Gandharvas
2134:Dattatreya
1816:Kishkindha
1775:Kishkindha
1634:Bharadvaja
1531:Lavanasura
1481:Vibhishana
1349:Shatrughna
1314:Dasharatha
1179:Tamraparni
1124:Saurashtra
1054:Parvartaka
899:Kishkindha
877:Kimpurusha
380:References
146:Literature
107:Satya Yuga
91:Treta Yuga
72:holy book
38:किष्किन्धा
30:Kishkindha
2430:Rakshasas
2300:Mahavidya
2243:Saraswati
2230:Goddesses
2159:Kartikeya
2011:Trai Bhet
1714:Maya Sita
1649:Vasishtha
1629:Arundhati
1571:Sulochana
1521:Mandodari
1344:Lakshmana
1229:Vatadhana
1169:Surparaka
1119:Saraswata
1084:Prasthala
797:Hara Huna
334:Karnataka
68:, in the
48:Kiṣkindhā
2546:Hinduism
2502:Ramayana
2444:Yakshini
2350:Shashthi
2310:Matrikas
2295:Mahadevi
2097:Trimurti
1955:Ramakien
1841:Versions
1744:Shambuka
1739:Vedavati
1709:Manthara
1689:Jambavan
1639:Kambhoja
1596:Trishira
1556:Prahasta
1546:Mayasura
1536:Malyavan
1506:Kabandha
1491:Indrajit
1468:Rakshasa
1319:Kausalya
1297:Ramayana
1254:Yaudheya
1244:Vidarbha
1189:Trigarta
1174:Surasena
1069:Pishacha
1049:Parasika
1029:Panchala
1014:Nishadas
979:Mekhalas
969:Manipura
827:Kalakuta
807:Himalaya
777:Gandhāra
767:Dasherka
762:Dasharna
396:Ramayana
358:See also
300:—
273:—
259:Sahadeva
235:Ramayana
228:—
205:Ramayana
198:—
174:Ramayana
167:—
151:Ramayana
140:Rajasuya
126:Sahadeva
99:Ikshvaku
75:Ramayana
70:Sanskrit
58:Hinduism
34:Sanskrit
2496:Puranas
2484:Atharva
2453:Texts (
2440:Yakshas
2435:Vahanas
2405:Dikpāla
2378:Apsaras
2330:Rukmini
2305:Matangi
2253:Parvati
2248:Lakshmi
2238:Tridevi
2164:Krishna
2144:Hanuman
2139:Ganesha
2129:Chandra
2124:Ashvins
2035:Ramlila
2028:Related
1983:Reamker
1821:Sundara
1806:Ayodhya
1765:Mithila
1760:Ayodhya
1724:Shabari
1719:Sampati
1664:Valmiki
1619:Agastya
1601:Viradha
1591:Trijata
1541:Maricha
1516:Dushana
1501:Atikaya
1413:Sugriva
1408:Hanuman
1364:Mandavi
1339:Bharata
1329:Kaikeyi
1324:Sumitra
1199:Tushara
1184:Tangana
1144:Sinhala
1129:Sauvira
1109:Salveya
1094:Pulinda
1064:Paurava
1059:Parvata
1024:Pallava
1009:Niharas
999:Nasikya
994:Mushika
989:Mudgala
984:Mleccha
954:Mahisha
944:Magadha
939:Madraka
914:Kuninda
904:Konkana
892:Kingdom
882:Kinnara
847:Karusha
842:Karnata
837:Kamboja
832:Kalinga
822:Kasmira
787:Gomanta
772:Dwaraka
757:Dasarna
717:Bhārata
712:Bahlika
571:12 July
545:12 July
519:12 July
374:Hanuman
364:Sugriva
324:) near
231:Valmiki
201:Valmiki
170:Valmiki
123:Pandava
115:vanaras
111:Vindhya
105:in the
84:Hanuman
62:Sugriva
54:vanaras
2400:Devata
2393:Danava
2388:Daitya
2383:Asuras
2345:Shakti
2335:Sanjna
2325:Rohini
2285:Shachi
2270:Chhaya
2189:Varuna
2179:Shasta
2169:Kubera
2107:Vishnu
2102:Brahma
1831:Uttara
1826:Yuddha
1811:Aranya
1753:Places
1729:Shanta
1704:Jatayu
1694:Janaka
1624:Ahalya
1586:Tataka
1576:Sumali
1566:Subahu
1561:Sarama
1476:Ravana
1453:Anjana
1448:Kesari
1423:Angada
1400:Vanara
1359:Urmila
1249:Yavana
1239:Videha
1219:Utkala
1154:Sonita
1139:Sindhu
1134:Shakya
1089:Pundra
1039:Parada
1034:Pandya
974:Matsya
964:Malava
959:Malla
909:Kosala
887:Kirata
872:Kikata
862:Kerala
857:Kekeya
817:Kanchi
737:Chinas
702:Avanti
697:Asmaka
692:Assaka
677:Anarta
672:Andhra
667:Abhira
596:
474:
430:
403:
121:, the
2479:Yajur
2464:Vedas
2315:Radha
2280:Ganga
2275:Durga
2265:Bhumi
2260:Aditi
2184:Surya
2149:Indra
2112:Shiva
2081:texts
1780:Lanka
1611:Sages
1511:Khara
1379:Kusha
1234:Vatsa
1224:Vanga
1164:Suhma
1159:Sudra
1114:Salwa
1104:Salva
934:Madra
929:Lanka
919:Kunti
867:Khasa
852:Kashi
782:Garga
752:Danda
732:Chola
727:Chera
722:Chedi
687:Anupa
326:Hampi
276:Vyasa
80:Hindu
2532:more
2474:Sama
2455:list
2415:Gana
2361:more
2355:Sita
2340:Sati
2320:Rati
2290:Kali
2210:more
2204:Yama
2194:Vayu
2174:Rama
2154:Kama
2119:Agni
2089:Gods
2079:and
1801:Bala
1443:Nila
1438:Nala
1433:Rumā
1428:Tara
1418:Vali
1374:Lava
1354:Sita
1334:Rama
1204:Ursa
1194:Tulu
1149:Sivi
1099:Saka
1019:Odra
1004:Nepa
924:Kuru
812:Huna
682:Anga
594:ISBN
573:2022
547:2022
521:2022
472:ISBN
428:ISBN
401:ISBN
369:Vali
349:The
218:Ruma
214:Tara
66:Vali
42:IAST
2469:Rig
138:'s
56:in
2568::
2442:/
707:Ay
564:.
538:.
512:.
332:,
278:,
265::
233:,
203:,
172:,
86:.
44::
40:,
36::
2457:)
2069:e
2062:t
2055:v
1288:e
1281:t
1274:v
645:e
638:t
631:v
602:.
575:.
549:.
523:.
480:.
436:.
409:.
32:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.