89:. Kinins function as mediators for inflammatory responses by triggering the immune system. They are also able to regulate cardiovascular and renal function through mediating the effects of ACE inhibitors. Reduced kinin activity can result in high blood pressure, sodium retention and the narrowing of blood vessels.
116:
B1 and B2 receptors are essentially related as homologous genes. Both have the same cellular signaling pathways but, the patterns of the signaling pathway are different in the intensity and duration. B2 signaling pathway last only for a short time whereas BR1 signaling pathway undergoes longer.
77:
Kinin act on axons to block nervous impulses, which leads to distal muscle relaxation. Kinin are also potent nerve stimulators. which is mostly responsible for the sense of pain (and sometimes itching). Kinin increase vascular permeability by acting on vascular endothelial cells to cause cell
112:
There are two types of kinin receptors, B1 and B2. Both are G-protein coupled receptors in which B2 are expressed in various tissues and B1 are induced from inflammation, tissue injuries and stress. The quantity of B2 receptors in the human body, exceed B1 receptors.
125:
Kinin was initially discovered by J.E. Abelous and E. Bardier in 1909 when performing experiments utilizing human body fluids. Human body fluids such as urine was injected into dogs and it was observed that the urine caused a reduction in blood pressure.
78:
contraction. Concomitantly they induce local expression of adhesive molecules. Together they increase leukocytes adhesion and extravasation. Kinin are rapidly inactivated by the proteases locally generated during the above-mentioned processes.
73:
Kinin are short lived peptides that cause pain sensation, arteriolar dilation, increase vascular permeability and cause contractions in smooth muscle. Kinins transmit their effects through G protein- coupled receptors.
333:
646:
104:
Kinins are mostly produced at inflamed or injured tissue of the body and human body fluids. Kinin peptides (kallidin and bradykinin) are located in human blood and urine.
639:
632:
462:
Soley, Bruna da Silva; Morais, Rafael Leite
Tavares de; Pesquero, JoĂŁo Bosco; Bader, Michael; Otuki, Michel Fleith; Cabrini, Daniela Almeida (2016-05-01).
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36:
family. Kinins are peptides that are cleaved from kininogens by the process of kallikreins. Kallikreins activate kinins when stimulated.
619:
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413:
Duncan, Ann-Maree; Kladis, Athena; Jennings, Garry L.; Dart, Anthony M.; Esler, Murray; Campbell, Duncan J. (2000-04-01).
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290:"Metabolism of plant hormones cytokinins and their function in signaling, cell differentiation and plant development"
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Girolami, Jean-Pierre; Bouby, Nadine; Richer-Giudicelli, Christine; Alhenc-Gelas, Francois (March 2021).
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Aspirin inhibits the activation of kallenogen by interfering with the formation of kallikrein
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8:
1294:
969:
682:
288:
Galuszka P, SpĂchal L, KopeÄŤnĂ˝ D, Tarkowski P, FrĂ©bortová J, Ĺ ebela M, FrĂ©bort I (2008).
568:
da Costa, PatrĂcia L. N.; Sirois, Pierre; Tannock, Ian F.; Chammas, Roger (2014-04-01).
324:
Textbook
Immunology: a short course, 5th ed, Coico R, Sunshine G, Benjamini E.Wiley-Liss
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American
Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
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353:"The kallikrein-kinin system as a regulator of cardiovascular and renal function"
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296:. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry. Vol. 34. pp. 203–64.
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were first called kinins, but the name was changed to avoid confusion.
25:
1502:
1427:
1412:
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1248:
1231:
1088:
1010:
1000:
945:
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570:"The role of kinin receptors in cancer and therapeutic opportunities"
62:
47:
1402:
1381:
1376:
1320:
964:
929:
808:
33:
29:
1447:
1432:
1052:
511:"Kinins and Kinin Receptors in Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases"
1368:
707:
287:
93:
54:
750:
745:
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735:
730:
725:
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715:
898:
567:
50:. Kininogens contain a 9-11 amino acid bradykinin sequence.
828:
823:
818:
1507:
461:
412:
350:
246:Bader, Michael (2011-01-16), Bader, Michael (ed.),
96:which is essential in the process of activation.
1524:
655:Intercellular signaling peptides and proteins /
351:Rhaleb NE, Yang XP, Carretero OA (April 2011).
192:Recent Developments in the Regulation of Kinins
1498:Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide
1418:Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript
1037:
914:
640:
254:, Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, pp. 1–6,
99:
1051:
693:Transforming growth factor beta superfamily
1044:
1030:
921:
907:
647:
633:
585:
544:
526:
430:
386:
170:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
464:"Kinin receptors in skin wound healing"
20:is any of various structurally related
1525:
620:The kinin-forming system at nic.sav.sk
188:
1025:
902:
628:
408:
406:
245:
135:
802:Nephroblastoma overexpressed protein
241:
239:
184:
182:
180:
68:
851:Parathyroid hormone-related protein
787:CCN intercellular signaling protein
294:Bioactive Natural Products (Part N)
13:
698:Vascular endothelial growth factor
403:
107:
14:
1544:
613:
468:Journal of Dermatological Science
236:
177:
189:Sharma, Jagdish N., ed. (2014).
1408:Calcitonin gene-related peptide
797:Connective tissue growth factor
561:
502:
455:
432:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.4.r897
248:"1 Kinins: History and outlook"
889:extracellular ligand disorders
866:Tolloid-like metalloproteinase
688:Platelet-derived growth factor
480:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.01.007
344:
327:
318:
281:
225:
161:
1:
928:
302:10.1016/S1572-5995(08)80028-2
129:
1423:Delta-sleep-inducing peptide
587:10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.009
339:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
7:
81:They act locally to induce
10:
1549:
1006:Platelet-activating factor
120:
32:. They are members of the
1443:Gastrin-releasing peptide
1390:
1367:
1336:
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1214:
1191:
1163:
1140:
1087:
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1063:
983:
936:
884:
759:
706:
663:
232:Online Medical Dictionary
201:10.1007/978-3-319-06683-7
100:Where kinins are produced
39:It is a component of the
792:Cysteine-rich protein 61
772:Agouti signaling protein
678:Fibroblast growth factor
357:Comprehensive Physiology
172:Medical Subject Headings
1533:Kinin–kallikrein system
673:Epidermal growth factor
260:10.1515/9783110252354.1
41:kinin-kallikrein system
1493:Pancreatic polypeptide
777:Agouti-related protein
871:Tumor necrosis factor
46:Their precursors are
1438:Galanin-like peptide
369:10.1002/cphy.c100053
147:. De Gruyter. 2011.
683:Nerve growth factor
85:and contraction of
782:Angiogenic protein
528:10.3390/ph14030240
415:"Kinins in humans"
1520:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1267:
1266:
1019:
1018:
896:
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311:978-0-444-53180-3
269:978-3-11-025235-4
210:978-3-319-06682-0
154:978-3-11-025235-4
69:Effects of Kinins
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836:Hedgehog protein
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589:
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425:(4): R897–R904.
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1468:Neuropeptide VF
1463:Neuropeptide SF
1458:Neuropeptide FF
1453:Neuropeptide AF
1386:
1363:
1332:
1273:
1263:
1210:
1187:
1159:
1136:
1105:
1080:Opioid peptides
1074:
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108:Kinin Receptors
102:
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11:
5:
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1478:Neuropeptide Y
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1473:Neuropeptide S
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1209:
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1206:Leu-enkephalin
1203:
1201:Met-enkephalin
1197:
1195:
1189:
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1132:β-Neoendorphin
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1127:α-Neoendorphin
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665:Growth factors
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574:Cancer Letters
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59:plant hormones
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1274:neuropeptides
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1155:Endomorphin-2
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1150:Endomorphin-1
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477:
474:(2): 95–105.
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416:
409:
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378:9780470650714
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363:(2): 971–93.
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87:smooth muscle
84:
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56:
51:
49:
44:
42:
37:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
1483:Neurophysins
1311:Neurokinin B
1306:Neurokinin A
1281:
1142:Endomorphins
1068:
975:Urotensin-II
937:
886:
845:
580:(1): 27–38.
577:
573:
563:
518:
514:
504:
471:
467:
457:
422:
418:
360:
356:
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273:, retrieved
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83:vasodilation
80:
76:
72:
52:
45:
38:
22:polypeptides
17:
15:
1488:Neurotensin
1398:Angiotensin
1337:Neuromedins
1326:Physalaemin
1301:Substance P
1295:Tachykinins
1290:Bradykinins
1237:Hemorphin-4
1222:Adrenorphin
1193:Enkephalins
1183:Îł-Endorphin
1178:β-Endorphin
1173:α-Endorphin
1112:Dynorphin B
1102:Dynorphin A
1097:Dynorphin A
991:Angiotensin
970:Tachykinins
876:Wnt protein
861:Somatomedin
1317:amphibian
1254:Spinorphin
1244:Nociceptin
1227:Amidorphin
1165:Endorphins
1122:Leumorphin
1089:Dynorphins
996:Eicosanoid
960:Bradykinin
856:Semaphorin
841:Interferon
814:Endothelin
521:(3): 240.
275:2021-04-30
130:References
63:cytokinins
48:kininogens
26:bradykinin
24:, such as
1428:FMRFamide
1413:Carnosine
1297:: mammal
1259:Valorphin
1249:Opiorphin
1232:Hemorphin
1011:Serotonin
1001:Histamine
946:Kininogen
930:Autacoids
887:see also
767:Adipokine
596:0304-3835
537:1424-8247
488:0923-1811
441:0363-6119
61:known as
1527:Category
1403:Bombesin
1321:Kassinin
1071:hormones
1064:Hormones
1053:Peptides
965:Kallidin
809:Cytokine
604:24333733
555:33800422
496:26817699
449:10749777
397:23737209
219:38701984
34:autacoid
30:kallidin
1503:RVD-Hpα
1448:Ghrelin
1433:Galanin
1369:Orexins
657:ligands
546:8000381
388:4685708
334:"Kinin"
121:History
1282:Kinins
1215:Others
984:Others
938:Kinins
708:Ephrin
602:
594:
553:
543:
535:
494:
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439:
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385:
375:
308:
266:
252:Kinins
217:
207:
174:(MeSH)
168:Kinins
151:
144:Kinins
94:enzyme
57:, the
55:botany
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