George III - Knowledge

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into error through an excess of brilliance. His capacity for synthesis, and his ability to dovetail the various parts of the evidence ... carried him into a more profound and complicated elaboration of error than some of his more pedestrian predecessors ... he inserted a doctrinal element into his history which, granted his original aberrations, was calculated to project the lines of his error, carrying his work still further from centrality or truth." In pursuing war with the American colonists, George III believed he was defending the right of an elected Parliament to levy taxes, rather than seeking to expand his own power or prerogatives. In the opinion of modern scholars, during the long reign of George III, the monarchy continued to lose its political power and grew as the embodiment of national morality.

1648: 903: 1434: 2442: 1291:, the King was determined "never to acknowledge the independence of the Americans, and to punish their contumacy by the indefinite prolongation of a war which promised to be eternal." He wanted to "keep the rebels harassed, anxious, and poor, until the day when, by a natural and inevitable process, discontent and disappointment were converted into penitence and remorse". Later historians defend George by saying that, in the context of the times, no king would willingly surrender such a large territory, and his conduct was far less ruthless than contemporaneous monarchs in Europe. After Saratoga, both Parliament and the British people were in favour of the war; recruitment ran at high levels and political opponents, though vocal, remained a small minority. 2430: 1614:, Cornwall, with the Queen, and their daughters the Princess Royal and Princesses Augusta and Elizabeth. It was the furthest he had ever been from London, but his condition worsened. In November of that year, he became seriously deranged, sometimes speaking for many hours without pause, causing him to foam at the mouth and his voice to become hoarse. George would frequently repeat himself and write sentences with over 400 words at a time, and his vocabulary became "more complex, creative and colourful", possible symptoms of bipolar disorder. His doctors were largely at a loss to explain his illness, and spurious stories about his condition spread, such as the claim that he had shaken hands with a tree in the mistaken belief that it was the 2454: 1082: 1533:

Pitt's political aims and created new peers at an unprecedented rate to increase the number of Pitt's supporters in the House of Lords. During and after Pitt's ministry, George was extremely popular in Britain. The British people admired him for his piety and for remaining faithful to his wife. He was fond of his children and was devastated at the death of two of his sons in infancy, in 1782 and 1783 respectively. Nevertheless, he set his children a strict regimen. They were expected to attend rigorous lessons from seven in the morning and to lead lives of religious observance and virtue. When his children strayed from George's principles of righteousness, as his sons did as young adults, he was dismayed and disappointed.

1847:, which passed both houses of Parliament with large majorities. George was conciliatory towards Fox, after being forced to capitulate over his appointment. After Fox's death in September 1806, the King and ministry were in open conflict. To boost recruitment, the ministry proposed a measure in February 1807 whereby Roman Catholics would be allowed to serve in all ranks of the armed forces. George instructed them not only to drop the measure, but also to agree never to set up such a measure again. The ministers agreed to drop the measure then pending, but refused to bind themselves in the future. They were dismissed and replaced by the Duke of Portland, as the nominal prime minister, with actual power being held by the 1499: 2466: 2478: 1820: 1295: 2299: 8973: 2277: 376: 9098: 10666: 1869: 7061: 1184: 1001:) and to the south (Florida), and protect the British fur trade with the Indians. The Proclamation Line did not bother the majority of settled farmers, but it was unpopular with a vocal minority. This discontent ultimately contributed to conflict between the colonists and the British government. With the American colonists generally unburdened by British taxes, the government thought it appropriate for them to pay towards the defence of the colonies against native uprisings and the possibility of French incursions. 10770: 10776: 1967: 2081: 1542: 1777:, in which sovereigns promise to maintain Protestantism. Faced with opposition to his religious reform policies from both the King and the British public, Pitt threatened to resign. At about the same time, George had a relapse of his previous illness, which he blamed on worry over the Catholic question. On 14 March 1801, Pitt was formally replaced by the 2147:

demonstrating "attitudes dominant in the latter part of the reign, when the King had become a revered symbol of national resistance to French ideas and French power", while the other "derived their views of the King from the bitter partisan strife of the first two decades of the reign, and they expressed in their works the views of the opposition".

1321:, whom he thought more capable, but George refused to do so; he suggested instead that Chatham serve as a subordinate minister in North's administration, but Chatham refused; he died later in the same year. North was allied to the "King's Friends" in Parliament and believed that George III had the right to exercise powers. In early 1778, 1989:, "George never bought or sold a slave in his life. He never invested in any of the companies that did such a thing. He signed legislation to abolish slavery." George wrote a document in the 1750s "denouncing all of the arguments for slavery, and calling them an execration and ridiculous and 'absurd'," but the King and his son, the 2025:. For all colonial slaves who fled their Rebel masters, Clinton forbade their recapture and resale, giving them protection by the British military. Approximately 20,000 freed slaves joined the British, fighting for George III. In 1783, given British certificates of freedom, 3,000 former slaves, including their families, settled in 2166:

and Pares, and Macalpine and Hunter, are inclined to treat George sympathetically, seeing him as a victim of circumstance and illness. Butterfield rejected the arguments of his Victorian predecessors with withering disdain: "Erskine May must be a good example of the way in which an historian may fall

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was appointed prime minister, with Temple as his secretary of state. On 17 December 1783, Parliament voted in favour of a motion condemning the influence of the monarch in parliamentary voting as a "high crime" and Temple was forced to resign. Temple's departure destabilised the government, and three

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was appointed American minister to London in 1785, by which time George had become resigned to the new relationship between his country and the former colonies. He told Adams, "I was the last to consent to the separation; but the separation having been made and having become inevitable, I have always

746:, but Lord Bute advised against the match and George abandoned his thoughts of marriage. "I am born for the happiness or misery of a great nation," he wrote, "and consequently must often act contrary to my passions." Nevertheless, George and his mother resisted attempts by the King to marry George to 2141:

George III hoped that "the tongue of malice may not paint my intentions in those colours she admires, nor the sycophant extoll me beyond what I deserve" but, in the popular mind, George III has been both demonised and praised. While very popular at the start of his reign, by the mid-1770s George had

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George did not consider the peace with France as real; in his view it was an "experiment". The war resumed in 1803, but public opinion distrusted Addington to lead the nation in war, and instead favoured Pitt. An invasion of England by Napoleon seemed imminent, and a massive volunteer movement arose

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In the reconvened Parliament, Fox and Pitt wrangled over the terms of a regency during the King's incapacity. While both agreed that it would be most reasonable for the Prince of Wales to act as regent, Fox suggested, to Pitt's consternation, that it was the Prince's absolute right to act on his ill

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Pitt's appointment was a great victory for George. It proved that the King could appoint prime ministers on the basis of his own interpretation of the public mood without having to follow the choice of the current majority in the House of Commons. Throughout Pitt's ministry, George supported many of

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reached London; North's parliamentary support ebbed away and he resigned the following year. George drafted an abdication notice, which was never delivered. He finally accepted the defeat in America and authorized peace negotiations. Britain formally recognized the independence of the United States

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An American taxpayer would pay a maximum of sixpence a year, compared to an average of twenty-five shillings (50 times as much) in England. In 1763, the total revenue from America amounted to about £1 800, while the estimated annual cost of the military in America was put at £225 000. By

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were presented as "repeated injuries and usurpations" that he had committed to establish an "absolute Tyranny" over the colonies. The declaration's wording has contributed to the American public's perception of George as a tyrant. Contemporary accounts of George III's life fall into two camps: one

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In late 1779, George III advocated sending more British warships and troops across the Atlantic to the West Indies. He boldly said: "We must risk something, otherwise we will only vegetate in this war. I own I wish either with spirit to get through it, or with a crash be ruined." In January 1780,

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against the British king and legislature while asking the support of the populace. Among George's other offenses, the declaration charged, "He has abdicated Government here ... He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people." The gilded

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instead of elected by the lower house. Up to this point, in the words of Professor Peter Thomas, George's "hopes were centred on a political solution, and he always bowed to his cabinet's opinions even when sceptical of their success. The detailed evidence of the years from 1763 to 1775 tends to

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The King disliked Fox intensely, for his politics as well as his character: he thought Fox unprincipled and a bad influence on the Prince of Wales. George III was distressed at having to appoint ministers not of his liking, but the Portland ministry quickly built up a majority in the House of

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annuity for the support of his household and the expenses of civil government. Claims that he used the income to reward supporters with bribes and gifts are disputed by historians who say such claims "rest on nothing but falsehoods put out by disgruntled opposition". Debts amounting to over

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Apart from chemistry and physics, his lessons included astronomy, mathematics, French, Latin, history, music, geography, commerce, agriculture and constitutional law, along with sporting and social accomplishments such as dancing, fencing and riding. His religious education was wholly

1931:, and became completely blind and increasingly deaf. He was incapable of knowing or understanding that he was declared King of Hanover in 1814, or that his wife died in 1818. At Christmas 1819, he spoke nonsense for 58 hours, and for the last few weeks of his life was unable to walk. 1569:, a cause of metabolic blood disorders and thus a possible trigger for porphyria. The source of the arsenic is not known, but it could have been a component of medicines or cosmetics. The theory was also established in the public mind through influential dramatisations, such as 3671:, on 17 April 1759, prior to his marriage to Charlotte, and to have had at least one child by her. However, Lightfoot had married Isaac Axford in 1753, and had died in or before 1759, so there could have been no legal marriage or children. The jury at the 1866 trial of 1124:

Lord North's government was chiefly concerned with discontent in America. To assuage American opinion most of the custom duties were withdrawn, except for the tea duty, which in George's words was "one tax to keep up the right ". In 1773, the tea ships moored in

1839:, however, met the same fate as the First and Second Coalitions, collapsing in 1805. The setbacks in Europe took a toll on Pitt's health, and he died in 1806, reopening the question of who should serve in the ministry. Grenville became prime minister, and his " 458:, with whom he had 15 children. George III's life and reign were marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms, much of the rest of Europe, and places farther afield in Africa, the Americas and Asia. Early in his reign, Great Britain defeated 1803:

said: "The enthusiasm of the multitude was beyond all expression." A courtier wrote on 13 November that "The King is really prepared to take the field in case of attack, his beds are ready and he can move at half an hour's warning." George wrote to his friend

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in America. In particular they rejected new taxes levied by Parliament, a body in which they had no direct representation. The colonies had previously enjoyed a high level of autonomy in their internal affairs and viewed Parliament's acts as a denial of their

840:, ruled by his ministerial government and prominent men in Parliament. Although his accession was at first welcomed by politicians of all parties, the first years of his reign were marked by political instability, largely as a result of disagreements over the 2001:

conversely wished to see slavery abolished but, because the cabinet was divided and the King was in the pro-slavery camp, Pitt decided to refrain from making abolition official government policy. Instead, he worked toward abolition in an individual capacity.

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George III was dubbed "Farmer George" by satirists, at first to mock his interest in mundane matters rather than politics, but later to portray him as a man of the people, contrasting his homely thrift with his son's grandiosity. Under George III, the

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George insisted on a new law that essentially forbade members of the royal family from legally marrying without the consent of the sovereign. The subsequent bill was unpopular in Parliament, including among George's own ministers, but passed as the

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The central issue for the colonists was not the amount of taxes but whether Parliament could levy a tax without American approval, for there were no American seats in Parliament. The Americans protested that like all Englishmen they had rights to

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father's behalf with full powers. Pitt, fearing he would be removed from office if the Prince of Wales were empowered, argued that it was for Parliament to nominate a regent, and wanted to restrict the regent's authority. In February 1789, the

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signed in 1782 and 1783. In early 1783, George III privately conceded "America is lost!" He reflected that the Northern colonies had developed into Britain's "successful rivals" in commercial trade and fishing. Up to 70,000 Loyalists fled to

1808:, "We are here in daily expectation that Bonaparte will attempt his threatened invasion ... Should his troops effect a landing, I shall certainly put myself at the head of mine, and my other armed subjects, to repel them." After 757:

The following year, at the age of 22, George succeeded to the throne when his grandfather George II died suddenly on 25 October 1760, at age 76. The search for a suitable wife intensified: after giving consideration to a number of

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to Parliamentary commissioners. Although George actually favoured greater control over the company, the proposed commissioners were all political allies of Fox. Immediately after the House of Commons passed it, George authorised

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that took effect on 1 January 1801 and united Great Britain and Ireland into a single state, known as the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland". George used the opportunity to abandon the title "king of France", which

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on every document in the British colonies in North America. Since newspapers were printed on stamped paper, those most affected by the introduction of the duty were the most effective at producing propaganda opposing the tax.

1904:) acted as regent for the remainder of the King's life. Despite signs of a recovery in May 1811, by the end of the year, George III had become permanently insane, and lived in seclusion at Windsor Castle until his death. 2419:, the royal arms were amended, dropping the French quartering. They became: Quarterly, I and IV England; II Scotland; III Ireland; overall an escutcheon of Hanover surmounted by an electoral bonnet. In 1816, after the 1587:. From 2010 this view has been increasingly challenged, and Macalpine and Hunter's study criticised. Recent scholarship discounts the porphyria theory and contends that George's illness was psychiatric, most probably 1360:. George III said that Britain was confronted by the "most serious crisis the nation ever knew". In August, 66 warships entered the English channel, but sickness, hunger, and adverse winds forced the French-Spanish 1859:

gave the ministry a strong majority in the House of Commons. George III made no further major political decisions during his reign; the replacement of Portland by Perceval in 1809 was of little real significance.

650:) were educated together by private tutors. Family letters show that he could read and write in both English and German, as well as comment on political events of the time, by the age of eight. He was the first 1032: 2065:

George III lived for 81 years and 239 days, and reigned for 59 years and 96 days: both his life and his reign were longer than those of any of his predecessors and subsequent kings; only queens Victoria and

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Lord Rockingham, with the support of Pitt and the King, repealed Grenville's unpopular Stamp Act. Rockingham's government was weak, and he was replaced as prime minister in 1766 by Pitt, whom George created

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reached its peak and great advances were made in fields such as science and industry. There was unprecedented growth in the rural population, which in turn provided much of the workforce for the concurrent

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had been overthrown, worried many British landowners. France declared war on Great Britain in 1793; in response to the crisis, George allowed Pitt to increase taxes, raise armies, and suspend the right of

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Commons, and could not be displaced easily. He was further dismayed when the government introduced the India Bill, which proposed to reform the government of India by transferring political power from the

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A brief lull in hostilities allowed Pitt to concentrate effort on Ireland, where there had been an uprising and attempted French landing in 1798. In 1800, the British and Irish Parliaments passed an

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King George II disliked Prince Frederick and took little interest in his grandchildren. However, in 1751, Frederick died unexpectedly from a lung injury at the age of 44, and his son George became

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After George's recovery, his popularity, and that of Pitt, continued to increase at the expense of Fox and the Prince of Wales. His humane and understanding treatment of two insane assailants,

1785:. Addington opposed emancipation, instituted annual accounts, abolished income tax and began a programme of disarmament. In October 1801, he made peace with the French, and in 1802 signed the 918:, was replaced with one led by Lord Bute, a Scottish Tory. Bute's opponents worked against him by spreading the calumny that he was having an affair with the King's mother, and by exploiting 1165:." Though both the Americans and older British historians characterised George as a tyrant, in these years he acted as a constitutional monarch supporting the initiatives of his ministers. 836:, to demonstrate his desire to distance himself from his German forebears, who were perceived as caring more for Hanover than for Britain. During George III's lengthy reign, Britain was a 794:

a fortnight later on 22 September. George never took a mistress (in contrast with his grandfather and his sons), and the couple enjoyed a happy marriage until his mental illness struck.

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in 1794, and in October 1795, crowds attacked George's carriage on his way to opening Parliament, demanding an end to the war and lower bread prices. In response, Parliament passed the

505:. The exact nature of the mental illness is not known definitively, but historians and medical experts have suggested that his symptoms and behaviour traits were consistent with either 809:. St James's Palace was retained for official use. He did not travel extensively and spent his entire life in southern England. In the 1790s, the King and his family took holidays at 6695: 1888:, suffered a relapse into his mental disorder and became dangerously ill. In his view, the malady had been triggered by stress over the death of his youngest and favourite daughter, 1565:. Although meeting with some contemporary opposition, the view gained widespread scholarly acceptance. A study of samples of George's hair published in 2005 revealed high levels of 832:

George, in his accession speech to Parliament, proclaimed: "Born and educated in this country, I glory in the name of Britain." He inserted this phrase into the speech, written by

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on 27 July 1749. Upon his father's death, and along with the dukedom of Edinburgh and the position of heir-apparent, he inherited his difference of a plain label of three points

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George was deeply devout and spent hours in prayer, but his piety was not shared by his brothers. George was appalled by what he saw as their loose morals. In 1770, his brother

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In 1804, George's recurrent illness returned; after his recovery, Addington resigned and Pitt regained power. Pitt sought to appoint Fox to his ministry, but George refused.

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with the United States. The French fleet outran the British naval blockade of the Mediterranean and sailed to America. The conflict now affected America, Europe, and India.

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George III is often accused of obstinately trying to keep Great Britain at war with the rebels, despite the opinions of his own ministers. In the words of British historian

1101:. The King considered her inappropriate as a royal bride: she was from a lower social class and German law barred any children of the couple from the Hanoverian succession. 1634:, authorising the Prince of Wales to act as regent, was introduced and passed in the House of Commons, but before the House of Lords could pass the bill, George recovered. 2465: 1299: 1065:. Wilkes was again expelled from Parliament. He was re-elected and expelled twice more, before the House of Commons resolved that his candidature was invalid and declared 876:

with large grants from his private funds, and may have donated more than half of his personal income to charity. Of his art collection, the two most notable purchases are

2477: 1121:. The news confirmed George's opinion that he had been right to introduce the law: Maria was related to his political opponents. Neither lady was ever received at court. 2453: 1249: 2441: 1453:

With the collapse of Lord North's ministry in 1782, the Whig Lord Rockingham became prime minister for the second time, but died within months. The King then appointed

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Cox, Timothy M.; Jack, N.; Lofthouse, S.; Watling, J.; Haines, J.; Warren, M. J. (2005). "King George III and porphyria: an elemental hypothesis and investigation".

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were transported to the West Indies. Nonetheless, opposition to the costly war was increasing, and in June 1780 contributed to disturbances in London known as the

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in the medieval period. His style became "George the Third, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith."

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that he would regard any peer who voted for the bill as his enemy. The bill was rejected by the Lords; three days later, the Portland ministry was dismissed, and

10944: 2750: 782:, escorted her from Strelitz to London. Charlotte arrived in the afternoon of 8 September 1761 and the marriage ceremony was conducted that same evening in the 10216: 9979: 7590: 2142:

lost the loyalty of revolutionary American colonists, though it has been estimated that as many as half of the colonists remained loyal. The grievances in the

1110: 1057:, took over the government. Grafton did not formally become prime minister until 1768. That year, John Wilkes returned to England, stood as a candidate in the 1594:

George may have had a brief episode of disease in 1765, and a longer episode began in the summer of 1788. At the end of the parliamentary session, he went to

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to oppose revolutionary France, which included Austria, Prussia, and Spain, broke up in 1795 when Prussia and Spain made separate peace with France. The

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George III papers, including references to madhouses and insanity from the Historic Psychiatry Collection, Menninger Archives, Kansas Historical Society

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perceived an injustice to Fox, and refused to join the new ministry. Pitt concentrated on forming a coalition with Austria, Russia, and Sweden. This

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both resigned from the government. Lord North again requested that he also be allowed to resign, but he stayed in office at George III's insistence.

1346: 1133:. In Britain, opinion hardened against the colonists, with Chatham now agreeing with North that the destruction of the tea was "certainly criminal". 872:£3 million over the course of George's reign were paid by Parliament, and the civil list annuity was increased from time to time. He aided the 10984: 10230: 1778: 1462: 10954: 10904: 10102: 9984: 9182: 8177: 7598: 3240: 2018: 1094: 6141:

Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans

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Between 1791 and 1800, almost 400,000 Africans were shipped to the Americas, by 1,340 slaving voyages, mounted from British ports, including

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During the summer of 1779, a combined French-Spanish naval fleet threatened to invade England and transport 31,000 French troops across the

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who pretended to be "Princess Olive of Cumberland", unanimously found that a supposed marriage certificate produced by Ryves was a forgery.

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Meanwhile, George had become exasperated at Grenville's attempts to reduce the King's prerogatives, and tried, unsuccessfully, to persuade

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The King and Queen had 15 children—nine sons and six daughters. In 1762, George purchased Buckingham House (on the site now occupied by

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in 1780, Loyalists could still believe in their eventual victory, as British troops inflicted defeats on the Continental forces at the

1114: 1049:. The actions of Lord Chatham and George III in repealing the Act were so popular in America that statues of them both were erected in 767: 455: 251: 521:

the following year. The King died aged 81, at which time the Regent succeeded him as George IV. George III reigned during much of the

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O'Shaughnessy, Andrew Jackson (Spring 2004). "'If Others Will Not Be Active, I Must Drive': George III and the American Revolution".

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had misgivings because of his own colonies but decided to side with France in the war in limited fashion in 1779. One faction of the

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Peters, Timothy J.; Wilkinson, D. (2010). "King George III and porphyria: a clinical re-examination of the historical evidence".

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to accept the office of prime minister. After a brief illness, which may have presaged his illnesses to come, George settled on

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was not an ideal war leader, but George III managed to give Parliament a sense of purpose to fight, and North was able to keep

1066: 937: 643: 550: 431:, who, unlike his two predecessors, was born in Great Britain, spoke English as his first language, and never visited Hanover. 95: 1445:

caricatured King George III and Queen Charlotte awash with treasury funds to cover royal debts, with Pitt handing him another

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Building on the latter of these two assessments, British historians of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, such as

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equestrian statue of the King in New York was pulled down. The British captured the city in 1776 but lost Boston, and the

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Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living

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produced relatively little income; most revenue was generated through taxes and excise duties. George surrendered the

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inspired slaves to escape from captivity and fight for the British. On 30 June 1779, George III's Commanding General

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The Third Register Book of the Parish of St James in the Liberty of Westminster For Births & Baptisms. 1723–1741

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said, as I say now, that I would be the first to meet the friendship of the United States as an independent power."

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In the spring of 1756, as George approached his eighteenth birthday, the King offered him a grand establishment at

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Hecht, J. Jean (1966). "The Reign of George III in Recent Historiography". In Furber, Elizabeth Chapin (ed.).

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argued that these lines appear "to be the source of the only historical phrase with which he is associated".

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of invading from Canada and cutting off New England failed with the surrender of British Lieutenant-General

730:

Princess of Wales, preferred to keep George at home where she could imbue him with her strict moral values.

10929: 10328: 10266: 9120: 8851: 8814: 7727: 2158:, promoted hostile interpretations of George III's life. However, in the mid-twentieth century the work of 1199: 1153: 471: 599:. As he was born two months prematurely, and thought unlikely to survive, he was baptised the same day by 375: 10969: 10721: 10561: 10302: 10276: 10205: 9779: 9160: 8576: 7080: 6027: 5682: 1848: 1840: 1718: 1220: 31: 8565: 5942:

Universalgeschichte des Staates: von der vorstaatlichen Gesellschaft zum Staat der Industriegesellschaft

1687:, on 15 May 1800 was not political in origin but motivated by the apocalyptic delusions of Hadfield and 10752: 10698: 10581: 10571: 10150: 9943: 9927: 9813: 9459: 9137: 9024: 8861: 8539: 8507: 8147: 7974: 7900: 7822: 7683: 7662: 7550: 7403: 7320: 7285: 7246: 7201: 7147: 7046: 6959: 5704: 4157: 3204: 3146: 2010: 1986: 1619: 1584: 1294: 1178: 990: 612: 592: 588: 439: 435: 344: 108: 7052: 11029: 10994: 10949: 10746: 10396: 9904: 9724: 9132: 9046: 8856: 8651: 8596: 8204: 7964: 7930: 7692: 7630: 7454: 3120: 2846: 2675: 2554: 2494: 2211: 2134:(George's Star) after the King, who later funded the construction and maintenance of Herschel's 1785 2014: 1970: 1684: 1575: 1228: 1037: 491: 1465:. In 1783, the House of Commons forced Shelburne from office and his government was replaced by the 1284:, Secretary of State for the Colonies, proved to lack leadership skills suited for their positions. 10914: 10830: 10651: 10379:

Princes whose titles were removed and eligible people who do not use the title are shown in italics

10323: 9871: 9556: 9551: 8977: 8657: 8646: 8352: 8208: 8200: 7669: 7378: 7276: 6423: 6202: 3178: 2960: 2282: 2219: 2103: 2022: 1998: 1487: 1106: 611:. One month later, he was publicly baptised at Norfolk House, again by Secker. His godparents were 566: 400: 8969: 2258:

Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg, Erzschatzmeister und Kurfürst des Heiligen Römischen Reiches

10501: 10441: 10361: 9739: 9678: 8626: 8621: 8606: 8581: 8014: 7994: 7890: 7699: 6985: 6479:

The Men Who Lost America: British Leadership, the American Revolution, and the Fate of the Empire

6291: 5974: 5708: 5386: 5127: 4807: 4459:

The Men Who Lost America: British Leadership, the American Revolution, and the Fate of the Empire

4095: 2889: 2517: 2401: 2389: 1618:. Treatment for mental illness was primitive by modern standards; George's doctors, who included 1466: 919: 837: 647: 256: 8288: 7013:

Smith, Robert A. (1984). "Reinterpreting the Reign of George III". In Schlatter, Richard (ed.).

6194: 5987: 1553:

By this time, George's health was deteriorating. He had a mental illness characterised by acute

707: 10351: 10281: 9688: 9070: 9041: 9014: 8805: 8690: 8636: 8611: 8586: 8571: 8443: 8278: 8107: 7041: 6989: 6918: 2107: 1676: 1607: 1081: 1062: 1022: 947: 8748: 6468: 6113: 5940: 5655: 4025: 3692:

written at the time of the accession defended George but Walpole's later memoirs were hostile.

2226:, he dropped the title of king of France, which had been used for every English monarch since 1129:

were boarded by colonists and the tea was thrown overboard, an event that became known as the

10730: 10681: 10551: 10451: 10356: 10334: 9755: 9652: 9019: 8795: 8705: 8685: 8616: 8554: 8544: 8534: 8413: 8408: 8381: 8342: 8337: 8093: 7984: 7154: 6210: 5620: 5101: 2420: 2393: 2373: 2369: 2353: 2227: 2215: 2119: 2111: 2099: 1920: 1805: 1742: 1691:. George seemed unperturbed by the incident, so much so that he fell asleep in the interval. 1647: 1631: 1558: 1546: 1506: 1406: 1401: 1288: 1224: 994: 907: 873: 596: 416: 388: 8500: 8252: 6139: 5214:

Ayling, pp. 349–350; Carretta, p. 285; Fraser, p. 282; Hibbert, pp. 301–302; Watson, p. 323.

1136:

With the clear support of Parliament, Lord North introduced measures, which were called the

11034: 10869: 10864: 10541: 10431: 9087: 8773: 8720: 8710: 8700: 8673: 8591: 8514: 8448: 8403: 8393: 8387: 8376: 8370: 8320: 7950: 7920: 5414: 5046: 4679: 2974: 2724: 2115: 1982: 1844: 1491:

months later the government lost its majority and Parliament was dissolved; the subsequent

1330: 1212: 715: 584: 6747:

Butterfield, Herbert (1965). "Some Reflections on the Early Years of George III's Reign".

4134: 454:. He succeeded to the throne on George II's death in 1760. The following year, he married 8: 10859: 10817: 10071: 9734: 8800: 8753: 8695: 8631: 8428: 8418: 8398: 8364: 8169: 7870: 7676: 7371: 6441: 6279: 6092: 6072: 5616: 2970: 2964: 2941: 2640: 2287: 2163: 1880:

In late 1810, at the height of his popularity, King George, already virtually blind with

1873: 1813: 1809: 1710: 1599: 1380: 1281: 1262: 1203: 1174: 1162: 1145: 975: 971: 841: 558: 466:, becoming the dominant European power in North America and India. However, Britain lost 463: 7060: 6031: 5907: 5895: 5883: 5871: 5859: 5847: 5835: 5050: 4652: 3898: 3784: 2345:. In an additional difference, the crown of Charlemagne was not usually depicted on the 1827:(1807), James Gillray caricatured George's dismissal of the Ministry of All the Talents. 10785: 10461: 9704: 8999: 8994: 8837: 8475: 8423: 8347: 8100: 8004: 7880: 7706: 7220: 7194: 7185: 7167: 6947: 6901: 6876: 6858: 6833: 6772: 6764: 6731: 6691: 6628: 6328: 6267: 6097: 6077: 5912: 5900: 5888: 5876: 5864: 5852: 5840: 5069: 5032: 5008: 4983: 4964: 4921: 4867: 4829: 4802: 3903: 3789: 3647: 3620: 2416: 2303: 2261: 2223: 1924: 1916: 1819: 1749: 1734: 1688: 1672: 1474: 1326: 487: 404: 396: 70: 6722:

Black, Jeremy (1996). "Could the British Have Won the American War of Independence?".

6549: 6306:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 6001: 4909: 2388:); II Azure three fleurs-de-lys Or (for France); III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent ( 1622:, treated the King by forcibly restraining him until he was calm, or applying caustic 1069:

as the victor. Grafton's government disintegrated in 1770, allowing the Tories led by

9802: 9729: 8470: 8283: 8128: 8079: 8055: 7292: 6971: 6951: 6906: 6863: 6791: 6776: 6701: 6668: 6596: 6557: 6537: 6527: 6483: 6449: 6427: 6401: 6380: 6373: 6357: 6336: 6236: 6214: 6170: 6119: 6052: 5946: 5797: 5661: 5630: 5250: 5074: 5013: 4956: 4913: 4834: 4575: 4005: 2253: 2135: 1794: 1695: 1603: 1458: 1396: 1254: 1207: 979: 942: 894:

was open and available to scholars and was the foundation of a new national library.

891: 798: 791: 739: 688: 672:

and said in the new prologue: "What, tho' a boy! It may with truth be said, A boy in

562: 479: 475: 467: 459: 420: 223: 8331: 6515:

A compilation of essays encompassing the major assessments of George III up to 1964.

5178:

Ayling, pp. 329–335; Brooke, pp. 322–328; Fraser, pp. 281–282; Hibbert, pp. 262–267.

4968: 4925: 2214:"George the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, 2058:

in turn, who both died without surviving legitimate children, leaving the throne to

1206:. In the 1760s, a series of acts by Parliament was met with resistance in Britain's 1183: 9127: 9063: 8788: 8778: 8668: 8641: 8493: 8325: 8245: 8238: 8121: 7955: 7846: 7838: 7713: 7355: 7237: 7110: 7032: 6939: 6896: 6888: 6853: 6845: 6756: 6648: 6624: 6307: 6259: 5102:"Parishes: Hartlebury Pages 380–387 A History of the County of Worcester: Volume 3" 5064: 5054: 5003: 4995: 4948: 4905: 4824: 4816: 3944: 3855: 3664: 2509: 2361: 2331: 2327: 2123: 1897: 1852: 1786: 1726: 1714: 1588: 1384: 1310: 1137: 1130: 993:

placed a limit upon the westward expansion of the American colonies and created an

951: 928: 882: 877: 810: 639: 608: 554: 506: 428: 334: 6319: 6051:. Heraldry Today. Slough, Buckinghamshire: Hollen Street Press. pp. 215–216. 5128:"Parishes: Callington – St Columb Pages 51–67 Magna Britannia: Volume 3, Cornwall" 4999: 3874: 10419: 9714: 9115: 9029: 8783: 8528: 8358: 8310: 8300: 8294: 7407: 7253: 7227: 7158: 7076: 6785: 6610: 6477: 6395: 6351: 6164: 5059: 3651: 3038: 2839: 2365: 2102:. George's collection of mathematical and scientific instruments is now owned by 1985:

uprisings caused the British public to spurn slavery. According to the historian

1892:. The princess's nurse reported that "the scenes of distress and crying every day 1836: 1782: 1762: 1722: 1699: 1652: 1580: 1392: 1357: 1227:, but the King and Parliament ignored them. George declared the American leaders 1191: 1046: 1026: 933: 703: 692: 677: 668: 651: 451: 424: 392: 291: 74: 7090: 6741:

Online 90-minute video lecture given at Ohio State in 2006; requires Real Player

6641:

George the Third and Charles Fox: The Concluding Part of the American Revolution

1097:, was exposed as an adulterer. The following year, Henry married a young widow, 10373: 9894: 9709: 9165: 8881: 8768: 8725: 8679: 8464: 8114: 6415: 6311: 5242: 5153: 3948: 3859: 3689: 2882: 2632: 2249: 2245: 2059: 1942:

at 8:38 pm on 29 January 1820, six days after the death of his fourth son

1939: 1912: 1832: 1765:", but he refused. As part of his Irish policy, Pitt planned to remove certain 1730: 1680: 1595: 1498: 1483: 1454: 1361: 1334: 1273: 1215:. Armed conflict began between British regulars and colonial militiamen at the 1141: 1118: 1010: 902: 833: 806: 663: 502: 495: 412: 172: 6541: 6296: 5833:

consistently refers to the young prince as "His Royal Highness Prince George"

3936: 3844: 3728: 2396:(for Hanover), I Gules two lions passant guardant Or (for Brunswick), II Or a 2046:, under which the transatlantic slave trade was banned in the British Empire. 1793:

to defend England against the French. George's review of 27,000 volunteers in

10853: 10376:. Not a British prince by birth, but created a Prince of the United Kingdom. 9614: 9593: 7118: 4952: 3997: 3676: 3672: 2338: 1978: 1919:

led to significant territorial gains for Hanover, which was elevated from an

1705: 1664: 1461:, however, refused to serve under Shelburne, and demanded the appointment of 1442: 1258: 1126: 1086: 771: 684: 600: 580: 518: 501:

In the later part of his life, George had recurrent and eventually permanent

447: 387:(George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was 155: 125: 6148:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 4. 1868: 813:, which he thus popularised as one of the first seaside resorts in England. 9598: 8906: 8663: 7940: 7910: 7734: 6967: 6506: 5640: 5078: 5017: 4960: 4917: 4162: 2335: 2260:) until the end of the empire in 1806. He then continued as duke until the 2237: 2159: 2067: 1951: 1915:. Liverpool oversaw British victory in the Napoleonic Wars. The subsequent 1738: 1570: 1561:

suggested that the illness was physiological, caused by the liver disorder

1373: 1318: 1237: 1232: 955: 864: 783: 522: 8258: 7071: 6943: 6910: 6867: 6849: 6825:

Changing views on British history: essays on historical writing since 1939

4854:"George III and the Mad-Business by Ida Macalpine, Richard Hunter: Review" 4838: 4820: 4572:

Apogee of Empire: Spain and New Spain in the Age of Charles III, 1759–1789

4183:

Watson, p. 88; this view is also shared by Brooke (see for example p. 99).

1896:... were melancholy beyond description." George accepted the need for the 1773:. George III claimed that to emancipate Catholics would be to violate his 1337:

aided the Americans, whereas another aided Britain, whose allies included

10641: 10631: 10297: 10190: 9845: 8911: 8896: 8481: 7750: 6892: 6660: 6258:(2). Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 305–310. 5033:"The acute mania of King George III: A computational linguistic analysis" 4984:"King George III, bipolar disorder, porphyria and lessons for historians" 2405: 2155: 2026: 1954:

for two days, and his funeral and interment took place on 16 February in

1433: 1098: 998: 983: 959: 923: 526: 364: 7015:

Recent Views on British History: Essays on Historical Writing since 1966

6735: 2241: 718:, but George refused the offer, guided by his mother and her confidant, 638:

George grew into a healthy, reserved and shy child. The family moved to

10805: 10611: 10511: 10092: 10015: 9719: 9588: 9058: 8886: 8876: 8453: 8315: 7446: 6271: 4896: 2823: 2549: 2400:

of hearts Gules a lion rampant Azure (for Lüneburg), III Gules a horse

2323: 2055: 1997:

to delay the abolition of the British slave trade for almost 20 years.

1990: 1966: 1885: 1758: 1416: 1269: 1070: 1014: 997:. The Proclamation aimed to divert colonial expansion to the north (to 967: 963: 868: 860: 802: 759: 241: 6768: 6524:

George III: The Life and Reign of Britain's Most Misunderstood Monarch

4871: 4853: 4076:

Brooke, p. 391: "There can be no doubt that the King wrote 'Britain'."

10799: 10601: 10521: 10195: 10005: 9771: 8901: 8871: 8458: 8433: 8156: 7430: 7311: 7211: 7066: 5626: 5622:

Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World

5354: 3644: 2780: 2539: 2080: 2033: 1935: 1901: 1799: 1562: 1446: 1410: 1322: 1157: 954:

to return to power. Britain received enormous concessions, including

936:

but he fled to France to escape punishment; he was expelled from the

887: 719: 514: 510: 231: 118: 10690: 8559: 6874: 6263: 5376:

Letter of 30 November 1803, quoted in Wheeler and Broadley, p. xiii.

2838:; no surviving legitimate issue, but had illegitimate children with 1317:

With the setbacks in America, Lord North asked to transfer power to

890:, but it is as a collector of books that he is best remembered. The 10621: 10481: 10388: 10135: 9624: 8891: 8832: 8438: 8263: 6760: 6740: 6033:

An introduction to heraldry containing the rudiments of the science

5157: 5037: 4893: 2381: 1928: 1881: 1623: 1611: 1188:

Pulling Down the Statue of George III at Bowling Green, 9 July 1776

853: 659: 483: 10157:

Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

9863: 7028: 1541: 958:. Britain restored to France lucrative slave-sugar islands in the 950:

which ended the war, Lord Bute resigned, allowing the Whigs under

691:. The King now took more interest in his grandson and created him 9619: 8809: 8715: 2471:

Coat of arms used from 1801 to 1816 as King of the United Kingdom

2377: 2037: 1566: 727: 329: 6834:"The 'insanity' of King George III: a classic case of porphyria" 5528:

Letter from Duke of York to George IV, quoted in Brooke, p. 386.

4803:"The "Insanity" of King George III: a Classic Case of Porphyria" 2483:

Coat of arms used from 1816 until death, also as King of Hanover

2412:

Or (for the dignity of Archtreasurer of the Holy Roman Empire).

2110:, to which it has been on long-term loan since 1927. He had the 513:. In 1810, George suffered a final relapse, and his eldest son, 8601: 8549: 8273: 8268: 7356:

Articles and topics related to George III of the United Kingdom

6964:

The Last King of America: The Misunderstood Reign of George III

6877:"Porphyria in the Royal Houses of Stuart, Hanover, and Prussia" 4318:

Ayling, pp. 122–133; Hibbert, pp. 107–109; Watson, pp. 106–111.

3668: 2423:

became a kingdom, the electoral bonnet was changed to a crown.

2342: 2127: 662:. At the age of 10, George took part in a family production of 6554:

Purple Secret: Genes, "Madness" and the Royal Houses of Europe

5415:"Reasons for the success of the abolitionist campaign in 1807" 4706:

The works of John Adams, second president of the United States

1241:

referred to George III as "the Royal Brute of Great Britain".

434:

George was born during the reign of his paternal grandfather,

10098:

Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

9629: 8521: 7363: 6999:

Robson, Eric (1952). "The American Revolution Reconsidered".

4002:

A royal experiment : the private life of King George III

2357: 2062:, the only legitimate child of his fourth son Prince Edward. 2005:

On 7 November 1775, during the American War of Independence,

1733:, was defeated in 1800. Only Great Britain was left fighting 1554: 446:. Following his father's death in 1751, Prince George became 6807:

At Water's Edge: Britain, Napoleon, and the World, 1793–1815

2459:

Coat of arms used from 1760 to 1801 as King of Great Britain

2352:

From his succession until 1800, George bore the royal arms:

1156:

so that the upper house of the legislature was appointed by

8305: 5030: 2936:

Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale 1799–1851; married 1815,

2397: 10224:

Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

10051:

Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh

8199: 5498:

Ayling, pp. 453–455; Brooke, pp. 384–385; Hibbert, p. 405.

5031:

Rentoumi, V.; Peters, T.; Conlin, J.; Garrard, P. (2017).

3619:

King of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801, after the

3015:

Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh

1161:

exonerate George III from any real responsibility for the

1076: 5573:

Why Andrew Roberts Wants Us to Reconsider King George III

801:) for use as a family retreat. His other residences were 4237:

Brooke, p. 145; Carretta, pp. 59, 64 ff.; Watson, p. 93.

3811: 3809: 1927:. Meanwhile, George's health deteriorated. He developed 1667:

of George holding Napoleon in the palm of his hand, 1803

411:, with George as its king. He was concurrently Duke and 6816:

A Royal Experiment: The Private Life of King George III

6250:

Bullion, John L. (1994). "George III on Empire, 1783".

2054:

George was succeeded by two of his sons, George IV and

1225:

petitions to the Crown for intervention with Parliament

130:

George, Prince of Wales (1811‍–‍1820)

9980:

Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh

6592:

American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750–1804

6582:

The Hanoverian Dimension in British History, 1714–1837

6333:

The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy

1111:

Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh

946:

of blasphemy and libel. In 1763, after concluding the

3806: 6465:

A Student's Manual of English Constitutional History

5187:

Ayling, pp. 334–343; Brooke, p. 332; Fraser, p. 282.

4574:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 338–340. 1109:. Shortly afterwards, another of George's brothers, 10131:

Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale

7793:

George III and the Prince of Wales Reviewing Troops

6921:(1955). "King George III: A Study in Personality". 6724:

Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research

2620:

Charlotte, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

2170: 1995:

London Society of West India Planters and Merchants

766:with, on her son's behalf, an offer of marriage to 27:

King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760 to 1820

10146:Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 6613:(1985). "George III and the American Revolution". 6595:. New York City: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 6372: 6353:George III and the Satirists from Hogarth to Byron 6295: 4631:The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Army 4375:Brooke, pp. 272–282; Cannon and Griffiths, p. 498. 3843: 2947: 2590:Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh 2555:Charlotte, Princess Royal and Queen of Württemberg 1977:Over the course of George's reign, a coalition of 774:and staff were assembled for Charlotte in London, 748:Princess Sophie Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 687:to the throne and inherited his father's title of 395:from 25 October 1760 until his death in 1820. The 282:Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh 6929: 6875:Macalpine, I.; Hunter, R.; Rimington, C. (1968). 6475: 5515: 5513: 4456: 4371: 4369: 3978:Ayling, pp. 36–37; Brooke, p. 49; Hibbert, p. 31. 2447:Coat of arms from 1751 to 1760 as Prince of Wales 1973:, by the King's authority, set free Rebel slaves. 10851: 7012: 6665:Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy 6356:. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. 6047:Pinches, John Harvey; Pinches, Rosemary (1974). 5317:Ayling, p. 414; Brooke, p. 374; Hibbert, p. 315. 4556: 4554: 4552: 2694:Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 2408:), overall an escutcheon Gules charged with the 2138:, which at the time was the biggest ever built. 1816:, the possibility of invasion was extinguished. 1761:. It was suggested that George adopt the title " 1463:William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland 974:to Britain, in addition to all land between the 848:ministers, which led to his denunciation by the 10103:Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn 9985:Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn 7591:William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh 6831: 6690: 6681: 6573:Letters from George III to Lord Bute, 1756–1766 6326: 4938: 4800: 4680:"Famous Loyalists of the Revolutionary War Era" 3241:John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach 2924: 2834:Duke of Clarence and St Andrews; married 1818, 2720:Prince George William of Hanover and Cumberland 2715:Ernest Augustus, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick 2273: 2210:In Great Britain, George III used the official 1503:The Three Youngest Daughters of King George III 1202:was the culmination of the civil and political 1168: 1095:Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn 587:, London, on 4 June 1738. He was a grandson of 10945:British royalty and nobility with disabilities 10217:Alastair, 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn 6684:Napoleon and the Invasion of England. Volume I 6548: 6046: 6002:"Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family" 5510: 4366: 4282:Cannon and Griffiths, p. 505; Hibbert, p. 122. 2888: 2651:Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 2322:Before his succession, George was granted the 2040:. On 25 March 1807 George III signed into law 914:In May 1762, the incumbent Whig government of 10920:Burials at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 10706: 10404: 9879: 9787: 8955: 8185: 7623:Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark and Norway 7379: 7017:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 197–254. 6827:. Harvard University Press. pp. 206–234. 6511:George III, Tyrant Or Constitutional Monarch? 4710:quoted in Ayling, p. 323 and Hibbert, p. 165. 4549: 4058:Ayling, p. 378; Cannon and Griffiths, p. 518. 3650:. George was born on 24 May in the Old Style 2744: 2671:Frederica, Baroness Alfons of Pawel-Rammingen 2013:, appointed by King George III in July 1771. 1843:" included Fox. Grenville pushed through the 1755:English and British sovereigns had maintained 1029:to form a ministry, and dismissed Grenville. 6998: 5792:Macalpine, Ida; Hunter, Richard A. (1991) . 5409: 5407: 3854:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2690:George William, Hereditary Prince of Hanover 427:on 12 October 1814. He was a monarch of the 10372:Not a British prince by birth, but created 8752:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the 6746: 6682:Wheeler, H. F. B.; Broadley, A. M. (1908). 6579: 6420:The Lives of the Kings and Queen of England 6278: 5729:Carretta, pp. 92–93, 267–273, 302–305, 317. 5683:"The Ex-Slaves Who Fought with the British" 5579:, 9 November 2021, accessed 5 December 2021 5286: 5284: 4255:Willcox & Arnstein (1988), pp. 131–132. 3509:Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst 3299:Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach 3179:Princess Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Celle 2938:Princess Friederike of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 2793:Princess Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 2043:An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade 1325:of France (Britain's chief rival) signed a 1113:, revealed he had been secretly married to 916:Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle 897: 844:. George came to be perceived as favouring 529:eras. At the time of his death, he was the 409:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 10713: 10699: 10411: 10397: 10021:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn 9886: 9872: 9794: 9780: 8962: 8948: 8929:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics. 8192: 8178: 7567:Augusta, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 7386: 7372: 7059: 6783: 6700:(Fifth ed.). D.C. Heath and Company. 6667:(Revised ed.). London: Random House. 5653: 4851: 4703: 4569: 4327:Ayling, pp. 122–133; Hibbert, pp. 111–113. 3389:Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 2959:(1) Married 1793, in contravention of the 2867:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn 2822: 2751: 2737: 2701:Prince Christian of Hanover and Cumberland 2560:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn 2021:broadened Dunmore's proclamation with his 1944:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn 1729:, which included Austria, Russia, and the 768:Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 456:Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 252:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn 47: 10910:British people of the American Revolution 10335:James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex 10174:Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick 10031:Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex 10011:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 7511:Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh 6984: 6900: 6857: 6635: 5938: 5705:"Transatlantic slave trade and abolition" 5615: 5404: 5387:"Nelson, Trafalgar, and those who served" 5269:Ayling, pp. 395–396; Watson, pp. 360–377. 5068: 5058: 5007: 4828: 4345:Ayling, pp. 154–160; Brooke, pp. 147–151. 4201:Ayling, p. 194; Brooke, pp. xv, 214, 301. 3363:Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 2949:Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex 2904: 2879:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 2804:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 2802: 2791:Prince of Wales 1762–1820; married 1795, 2779: 2580:Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex 2545:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 2144:United States Declaration of Independence 1948:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 1683:'s failed attempt to shoot George in the 1364:to withdraw, ending the invasion threat. 867:to Parliamentary control in return for a 733: 272:Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex 237:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 11045:People of the War of the First Coalition 10231:Prince Hubertus of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 9915:for members of the British royal family. 7599:Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn 7091:"Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade – Estimates" 6832:Macalpine, Ida; Hunter, Richard (1966). 6580:Simms, Brendan; Riotte, Torsten (2007). 6570: 6349: 6183: 6091: 6071: 5925: 5923: 5539:"Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805" 5281: 5249:. New York: Vintage Books. p. 144. 5241: 4801:Macalpine, Ida; Hunter, Richard (1966). 3937:"Augusta, princess of Wales (1719–1772)" 3733:Official website of the British monarchy 3663:George was falsely said to have married 3483:Charles William, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst 3421:Princess Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Halle 3267:Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach 3037: 2981: 2918:Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg 2666:Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover 2264:declared him "King of Hanover" in 1814. 2079: 1965: 1867: 1818: 1679:in 1790, contributed to his popularity. 1658: 1646: 1598:to recuperate and in August visited the 1540: 1497: 1432: 1293: 1182: 1080: 1031: 901: 762:German princesses, George's mother sent 697: 544: 10985:English pretenders to the French throne 9907:, who formalised the use of the titles 6958: 6804: 6518: 6440: 6370: 6303:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 6249: 6112:Kiste, John Van der (19 January 2004). 5906: 5894: 5882: 5870: 5858: 5846: 5834: 5681:Klein, Christopher (13 February 2020). 5582: 5247:The Making of the English Working Class 4755:Brooke, p. 316; Carretta, pp. 262, 297. 4570:Stein, Stanley; Stein, Barbara (2003). 4158:"The royal family and the public purse" 4085:Brooke, p. 88; Simms and Riotte, p. 58. 3941:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3897: 3851:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3783: 2698:Princess Olga of Hanover and Cumberland 2656:Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck 2570:Elizabeth, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg 1711:prosecuted British radicals for treason 1368:7,000 British troops under General Sir 1077:Family issues and discontent in America 642:, where George and his younger brother 262:Elizabeth, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg 215: 1761; died 1818) 14: 10955:Children of Frederick, Prince of Wales 10905:British book and manuscript collectors 10852: 9975:Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany 9903:The generations indicate descent from 9801: 7447:William IV, King of the United Kingdom 6917: 6813: 6647: 6609: 6588: 6552:; Warren, Martin; Hunt, David (1998). 6505: 6476:O'Shaughnessy, Andrew Jackson (2013). 6462: 6414: 6397:Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707–1837 6393: 6290: 6227: 6162: 5588: 4981: 4471:Willcox & Arnstein (1988), p. 162. 4457:O'Shaughnessy, Andrew Jackson (2014). 4107:Butterfield, pp. 22, 115–117, 129–130. 3996: 3926:Brooke, pp. 51–52; Hibbert, pp. 24–25. 3841: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3639: 3637: 3462: 3342: 3338: 3328: 3220: 3110: 3106: 3069: 3053: 3021: 2865: 10720: 10694: 10392: 9867: 9775: 8943: 8173: 7431:George IV, King of the United Kingdom 7367: 7354: 6822: 6784:Ditchfield, G. M. (31 October 2002). 6721: 6496: 6201: 6111: 6026: 5999: 5920: 5680: 5489:Fraser, p. 285; Hibbert, pp. 399–402. 5480:Brooke, p. 383; Hibbert, pp. 397–398. 5196:Ayling, pp. 338–342; Hibbert, p. 273. 4560:Willcox & Arnstein, pp. 161, 165. 4506: 4504: 4354:Ayling, pp. 167–168; Hibbert, p. 140. 4155: 3643:All dates in this article are in the 3625: 3613: 3538: 3528: 3524: 3512: 3506: 3496: 3480: 3470: 3466: 3450: 3444: 3434: 3418: 3408: 3404: 3392: 3386: 3376: 3360: 3350: 3346: 3322: 3312: 3296: 3286: 3282: 3270: 3264: 3254: 3238: 3228: 3224: 3208: 3202: 3192: 3176: 3166: 3162: 3150: 3144: 3134: 3118: 3114: 2308:Most Illustrious Order of St. Patrick 1055:Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton 1053:. Lord Chatham fell ill in 1767, and 1009:". In 1765, Grenville introduced the 828:Great Britain in the Seven Years' War 821: 482:from 1793 concluded in the defeat of 10418: 7077:Newspaper clippings about George III 6686:. London: John Lane The Bodley Head. 6659: 6192: 5980: 5959: 5232:Ayling, pp. 181–182; Fraser, p. 282. 5154:"Was George III a manic depressive?" 4677: 4004:. New York: Holt. pp. 139–148. 3723: 3721: 3719: 3702:1767, it had risen to £400 000. 3001: 2175: 2086:Observations on the Transit of Venus 1907:Prime Minister Spencer Perceval was 1855:. Parliament was dissolved, and the 1276:together. North's cabinet ministers 926:, a member of parliament, published 744:Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond 158:, St James's Square, London, England 9893: 8087:King's manuscripts, British Library 8025:Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story 7463:Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn 7340:25 October 1760 – 31 December 1800 7163:25 October 1760 – 31 December 1800 6697:The Age of Aristocracy 1688 to 1830 6499:King George III and the Politicians 6335:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4708:. Vol. VIII. pp. 255–257, 3818: 3735:. Royal Household. 31 December 2015 3634: 2967:; had issue; marriage annulled 1794 2836:Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen 2202:25 October 1760 – 29 January 1820: 1876:, 1817, depicting an elderly George 1280:, First Lord of the Admiralty, and 1117:, the illegitimate daughter of Sir 549:Prince George (right), his brother 24: 10664: 10272:Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester 10036:Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge 9954:Prince William, Duke of Cumberland 9096: 7495:Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex 7439:Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 7232:12 October 1814 – 29 January 1820 7181:25 October 1760 – 12 October 1814 6715: 6655:. London: Oxford University Press. 6653:The Reign of George III, 1760–1815 6629:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1985.tb02477.x 6513:. Boston: D. C. Heath and Company. 6118:. The History Press. p. 205. 5543:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 5134:. Cadell & Davies, London 1814 4510:Cannon and Griffiths, pp. 510–511. 4501: 4116:Hibbert, p. 86; Watson, pp. 67–79. 2983:Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge 2705:Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick 2585:Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge 1956:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 1439:A new way to pay the National Debt 1061:, and came top of the poll in the 1007:no taxation without representation 750:. Sophie Caroline instead married 676:born, in England bred." Historian 277:Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge 188:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 25: 11056: 10835:Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale 10238:Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover 9827:Dukes of Gloucester and Edinburgh 8046:Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell 7783:Coronation Portrait of George III 7423:Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 7206:1 January 1801 – 29 January 1820 7057:National Portrait Gallery, London 7022: 6000:Velde, François (5 August 2013). 5453:Brooke, p. 381; Carretta, p. 340. 3969:Ayling, p. 54; Brooke, pp. 71–72. 3716: 3654:used in Great Britain until 1752. 3596:Cultural depictions of George III 2686:Marie Louise, Margravine of Baden 2195:20 April 1751 – 25 October 1760: 1900:, and the Prince of Wales (later 788:George and Charlotte's coronation 738:In 1759, George was smitten with 654:to study science systematically. 629:Sophia Dorothea, Queen in Prussia 627:stood proxy), and his great-aunt 621:Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha 468:13 of its North American colonies 201:Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 87:25 October 1760 – 66:King of Great Britain and Ireland 10980:English people with disabilities 10960:Deaths from pneumonia in England 10935:British people of German descent 10774: 10768: 10308:Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh 10262:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh 10245:Prince George William of Hanover 10201:Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester 10163:Prince George William of Hanover 10077:Prince George, Duke of Cambridge 9684:Scottish 18th-century literature 8971: 7487:Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover 6805:Golding, Christopher T. (2017). 6787:George III: An Essay in Monarchy 6132: 6105: 6085: 6065: 6040: 6019: 5993: 5932: 5824: 5815: 5806: 5786: 5777: 5768: 5759: 5750: 5741: 5732: 5723: 5697: 5674: 5657:George III: An Essay in Monarchy 5647: 5609: 5566: 5557: 5531: 5522: 5501: 5492: 5483: 5474: 5465: 5456: 5447: 5438: 5429: 5379: 5370: 5361: 5347: 5338: 5329: 5320: 5311: 5302: 5293: 5272: 5263: 5235: 5226: 5217: 5208: 5199: 5190: 5181: 5172: 5146: 5120: 5094: 5085: 5024: 4975: 4932: 4887: 4336:Ayling, p. 137; Hibbert, p. 124. 4026:"Documents relating to the case" 3325:George III of the United Kingdom 2995:Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel 2926:Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover 2725:Frederica, Queen of the Hellenes 2646:Prince George, Duke of Cambridge 2637:Princess Frederica of Cumberland 2516: 2476: 2464: 2452: 2440: 2428: 2394:tierced per pale and per chevron 2297: 2275: 2171:Titles, styles, honours and arms 2118:for his own observations of the 1642: 1217:Battles of Lexington and Concord 535:longest-reigning British monarch 374: 267:Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover 10026:King Ernest Augustus of Hanover 8229:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603 7575:Edward, Duke of York and Albany 7040:at the official website of the 7031:at the official website of the 6207:George III: America's Last King 6193:Baer, Marc (22 December 2021). 6163:Ayling, Stanley Edward (1972). 6156: 5794:George III and the Mad-Business 5589:Newman, Brooke (28 July 2020). 5108:. Victoria County History, 1918 4878: 4845: 4794: 4785: 4776: 4767: 4758: 4749: 4740: 4731: 4728:Hibbert, p. 243; Pares, p. 120. 4722: 4713: 4697: 4671: 4658: 4645: 4636: 4624: 4615: 4606: 4597: 4588: 4563: 4546:Willcox & Arnstein, p. 157. 4540: 4531: 4522: 4513: 4492: 4483: 4474: 4465: 4450: 4441: 4432: 4423: 4414: 4405: 4396: 4387: 4378: 4363:Brooke, p. 260; Fraser, p. 277. 4357: 4348: 4339: 4330: 4321: 4312: 4303: 4294: 4285: 4276: 4267: 4258: 4249: 4240: 4231: 4222: 4213: 4204: 4195: 4186: 4177: 4149: 4119: 4110: 4101: 4088: 4079: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4043: 4018: 3990: 3981: 3972: 3963: 3954: 3929: 3920: 3911: 3891: 3882: 3842:Cannon, John (September 2004). 3753:Brooke, p. 314; Fraser, p. 277. 3695: 3682: 3657: 2710:Great-great-great-grandchildren 2218:, and so forth". In 1801, when 2188:31 March 1751 – 20 April 1751: 2095:British Agricultural Revolution 1993:, supported the efforts of the 1812:'s famous naval victory at the 1779:Speaker of the House of Commons 1231:and a year of fighting ensued. 752:Frederick, Margrave of Bayreuth 247:Charlotte, Queen of Württemberg 212: 11015:Monarchs of the United Kingdom 10141:Prince Alexander John of Wales 10108:Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany 9674:Romantic literature in English 8226:Monarchs of England until 1603 7393: 6694:; Arnstein, Walter L. (1988). 6571:Sedgwick, Romney, ed. (1903). 6463:Medley, Dudley Julius (1902). 6446:George III: A Personal History 6252:The William and Mary Quarterly 6081:. 30 December 1800. p. 2. 5892:. 17 November 1749. p. 3. 5756:Carretta, pp. 99–101, 123–126. 4704:Adams, C.F., ed. (1850–1856). 4528:Brooke, pp. 180–182, 192, 223. 3797: 3777: 3765: 3756: 3747: 3447:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha 2628:Princess Elizabeth of Clarence 2624:Princess Charlotte of Clarence 2435:Coat of arms from 1749 to 1751 2130:in 1781, he at first named it 1863: 1637: 1389:Battle of Guilford Court House 816: 770:. Charlotte accepted. While a 444:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha 355:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha 13: 1: 10880:19th-century British monarchs 9101:Floral Badge of Great Britain 8005:Hamilton: An American Musical 6991:England under the Hanoverians 6584:. Cambridge University Press. 6284:George III and the Historians 6184:Benjamin, Lewis Saul (1907). 6049:The Royal Heraldry of England 5880:. 31 October 1749. p. 3. 5000:10.7861/clinmedicine.11-3-261 4910:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66991-7 4859:The English Historical Review 4791:Ayling, pp. 222–230, 366–376. 4678:Roos, Dave (7 October 2021). 4291:Cannon and Griffiths, p. 505. 3709: 3601:List of mentally ill monarchs 3541:Princess Sophia of Saxe-Halle 2859:King Frederick of Württemberg 2816:Princess Frederica of Prussia 2334:, the centre point bearing a 2181:4 June 1738 – 31 March 1751: 1510: 1428: 702:Pastel portrait of George as 605:St James's Church, Piccadilly 570: 540: 10329:Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex 10267:Prince William of Gloucester 9037:Anglo-French War (1778–1783) 7053:Portraits of King George III 6643:. New York: Longmans, Green. 6320:UK public library membership 5545:. Dean and Canons of Windsor 5060:10.1371/journal.pone.0171626 4156:Kelso, Paul (6 March 2000). 3875:UK public library membership 3688:For example, the letters of 2977:in her own right); no issue 2575:Ernest Augustus I of Hanover 2236:In Germany, he was "Duke of 1825:A Kick at the Broad-Bottoms! 1763:Emperor of the British Isles 1626:to draw out "evil humours". 1423: 1391:. In late 1781, the news of 1200:American War of Independence 1169:American War of Independence 986:, which was ceded to Spain. 472:American War of Independence 7: 11010:Monarchs of the Isle of Man 10990:Heirs to the British throne 10885:18th-century Irish monarchs 10875:18th-century British people 10303:Prince Andrew, Duke of York 10277:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent 10206:Prince George, Duke of Kent 10168:Prince Christian of Hanover 8991:Constitutional development 8836:British monarchs after the 7503:Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge 7081:20th Century Press Archives 4852:Robb-Smith, A.H.T. (1970). 3943:. Oxford University Press. 3907:. 16 April 1751. p. 1. 3675:, the daughter of imposter 3589: 3087: 2384:flory-counter-flory Gules ( 2349:, only on the Sovereign's. 1950:, was with him. George III 1849:Chancellor of the Exchequer 1841:Ministry of All the Talents 1246:declared their independence 1221:Second Continental Congress 726:. George's mother, now the 32:George III (disambiguation) 10: 11061: 11040:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 11025:Prince-electors of Hanover 10965:Dukes of Bremen and Verden 10895:Blind royalty and nobility 10151:Prince Arthur of Connaught 9944:Frederick, Prince of Wales 7975:The Madness of King George 7901:Eight Songs for a Mad King 7684:American Revolutionary War 7663:Royal Proclamation of 1763 7551:Frederick, Prince of Wales 7404:King of the United Kingdom 7202:King of the United Kingdom 7177:Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 6925:. London: Hamish Hamilton. 6809:. Temple University Press. 6749:Journal of British Studies 6501:. Oxford University Press. 6350:Carretta, Vincent (1990). 6101:. 29 June 1816. p. 1. 5916:. 14 July 1750. p. 1. 5904:. 16 June 1750. p. 1. 5868:. 20 June 1749. p. 2. 5856:. 9 April 1748. p. 2. 5844:. 5 April 1748. p. 3. 4666:George III on Empire, 1783 4651:U.S. Department of State, 3793:. 20 June 1738. p. 2. 3456: 3340: 3214: 3205:Frederick, Prince of Wales 3147:George II of Great Britain 3108: 2492: 2288:Royal Knight of the Garter 2267: 2231:claim to the French throne 2011:Royal Governor of Virginia 1961: 1536: 1495:gave Pitt a firm mandate. 1300:Johann Heinrich von Hurter 1179:American Revolutionary War 1172: 1115:Maria, Countess Waldegrave 991:Royal Proclamation of 1763 825: 613:King Frederick I of Sweden 593:Frederick, Prince of Wales 440:Frederick, Prince of Wales 345:Frederick, Prince of Wales 29: 11005:Monarchs of Great Britain 10940:Deaf royalty and nobility 10827: 10783: 10766: 10728: 10675: 10662: 10426: 10370: 10344: 10316: 10290: 10254: 10183: 10123: 10085: 10059: 9998: 9962: 9936: 9920: 9901: 9809: 9748: 9725:Proclamation of Rebellion 9697: 9661: 9640: 9607: 9153: 9108: 9094: 8984: 8924: 8847: 8831: 8827: 8764: 8747: 8743: 8220: 8216: 8141: 8071: 8036: 7965:The Madness of George III 7857: 7814: 7773: 7762: 7693:French Revolutionary Wars 7640: 7455:Charlotte, Princess Royal 7414: 7401: 7361: 7325: 7317: 7310: 7290: 7282: 7275: 7260: 7251: 7243: 7236: 7225: 7208: 7199: 7174: 7152: 7144: 7139: 7104: 7067:Georgian Papers Programme 6818:. Henry Holt and Company. 6790:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. 6482:. Yale University Press. 6448:. London: Penguin Books. 6424:Weidenfeld & Nicolson 6400:. Yale University Press. 5955:– via Google Books. 5939:Marquardt, Bernd (2018). 5670:– via Google Books. 4447:Carretta, pp. 97–98, 367. 4429:Taylor (2016), pp. 91–100 3935:Bullion, John L. (2004). 3631:King from 12 October 1814 3526: 3518: 3490: 3468: 3464: 3428: 3406: 3398: 3370: 3348: 3344: 3306: 3284: 3276: 3248: 3226: 3222: 3186: 3164: 3156: 3128: 3121:George I of Great Britain 3112: 2847:Charlotte, Princess Royal 2681:Great-great-grandchildren 2676:Princess Marie of Hanover 2495:Descendants of George III 2049: 2007:John Murray, Lord Dunmore 1685:Theatre Royal, Drury Lane 1576:The Madness of George III 1038:John van Nost the younger 603:, who was both Rector of 492:transatlantic slave trade 370: 360: 350: 340: 328: 319: 314: 310: 222: 194: 179: 162: 138: 134: 124: 114: 104: 94: 83: 61: 46: 41: 10324:William, Prince of Wales 10072:King George V of Hanover 8978:Kingdom of Great Britain 7670:Royal Marriages Act 1772 7277:Peerage of Great Britain 6986:Robertson, Charles Grant 6556:. London: Bantam Press. 6297:"George III (1738–1820)" 6197:. Encyclopedia Virginia. 6195:"George III (1738–1820)" 5358:, 27 October 1803, p. 2. 4982:Peters, T. (June 2011). 4953:10.1177/0957154X09102616 4655:. Retrieved 5 July 2013. 3879:(Subscription required). 3845:"George III (1738–1820)" 3606: 3081:Never married, no issue 3033:Never married, no issue 2961:Royal Marriages Act 1772 2900:Never married, no issue 2488: 2023:Philipsburg Proclamation 1999:William Pitt the Younger 1721:Acts a month later. The 1520:(left with tambourine), 1516:, depicting: Princesses 1488:William Pitt the Younger 1107:Royal Marriages Act 1772 898:Legislation and politics 619:stood proxy), his uncle 320:George William Frederick 11020:People from Westminster 10975:Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg 10442:Edward the Black Prince 10362:Prince Archie of Sussex 9740:Welsh Methodist revival 9679:Romanticism in Scotland 9076:Agricultural Revolution 9042:Anglo-Dutch (1780–1784) 7700:Irish Rebellion of 1798 6923:Personalities and Power 6881:British Medical Journal 6814:Hadlow, Janice (2014). 6497:Pares, Richard (1953). 5709:Royal Museums Greenwich 5654:Ditchfield, G. (2002). 4884:Röhl, Warren, and Hunt. 4808:British Medical Journal 4498:Trevelyan, vol. 1 p. 5. 4489:Trevelyan, vol. 1 p. 4. 3096:Ancestors of George III 2890:Princess Augusta Sophia 2565:Princess Augusta Sophia 2317: 1608:Viscount Mount Edgcumbe 1250:twenty-seven grievances 920:anti-Scottish sentiment 838:constitutional monarchy 648:Duke of York and Albany 474:. Further wars against 257:Princess Augusta Sophia 10900:British art collectors 10669: 10352:Prince George of Wales 10282:Prince Michael of Kent 10114:Prince Ernest Augustus 9689:Blue Stockings Society 9102: 9025:American Revolutionary 7831:Somerset House, London 7803:Portrait of George III 7305:Merged with the Crown 7042:Royal Collection Trust 6932:Early American Studies 6394:Colley, Linda (2005). 6312:10.1093/ref:odnb/10540 5967:The Knights of England 5945:. LIT Verlag Münster. 5132:British History Online 5106:British History Online 4133:. 2004. Archived from 4096:George III (1738–1820) 3949:10.1093/ref:odnb/46829 3860:10.1093/ref:odnb/10540 3815:Brooke, pp. 42–44, 55. 2108:Science Museum, London 2089: 2015:Dunmore's Proclamation 1974: 1971:Dunmore's Proclamation 1877: 1828: 1698:of 1789, in which the 1668: 1656: 1550: 1529: 1450: 1314: 1248:in July 1776, listing 1195: 1144:was shut down and the 1140:by the colonists: the 1090: 1063:Middlesex constituency 1041: 1023:William Pitt the Elder 911: 859:On his accession, the 734:Accession and marriage 722:, who later served as 711: 591:and the eldest son of 576: 490:in 1815. In 1807, the 438:, as the first son of 11000:Knights of the Garter 10682:Principality of Wales 10668: 10472:Edward of Westminster 10357:Prince Louis of Wales 9949:Prince George William 9100: 7904:(1969, music theatre) 7559:Augusta of Saxe-Gotha 7328:— TITULAR — 7155:King of Great Britain 6944:10.1353/eam.2007.0037 6850:10.1136/bmj.1.5479.65 6589:Taylor, Alan (2016). 6371:Chernow, Ron (2010). 6235:. London: Constable. 6211:Yale University Press 6115:George III's Children 5783:Reitan, pp. xii–xiii. 4941:History of Psychiatry 4821:10.1136/bmj.1.5479.65 4653:Treaty of Paris, 1783 4612:Taylor (2016), p. 290 4603:Taylor (2016), p. 287 4537:Hibbert, pp. 156–157. 4438:Chernow, pp. 214–215. 4030:The National Archives 2861:; no surviving issue 2421:Electorate of Hanover 2216:Defender of the Faith 2192:The Duke of Edinburgh 2120:1769 transit of Venus 2104:King's College London 2100:Industrial Revolution 2083: 1969: 1946:. His favourite son, 1871: 1822: 1662: 1650: 1544: 1507:John Singleton Copley 1501: 1436: 1297: 1289:George Otto Trevelyan 1186: 1084: 1035: 989:Later that year, the 922:amongst the English. 905: 883:Lady at the Virginals 874:Royal Academy of Arts 826:Further information: 786:, St James's Palace. 701: 597:Augusta of Saxe-Gotha 548: 389:King of Great Britain 10925:British blind people 10890:English blind people 10432:Edward of Caernarfon 9088:Financial Revolution 9047:French Revolutionary 8806:William III & II 8371:Henry the Young King 8321:Edward the Confessor 8289:Æthelred the Unready 8015:Mr Foote's Other Leg 7951:Blackadder the Third 7921:The Adams Chronicles 7116:Cadet branch of the 6893:10.1136/bmj.1.5583.7 6442:Hibbert, Christopher 6280:Butterfield, Herbert 5965:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) 5821:Brooke, pp. 175–176. 5812:Butterfield, p. 152. 5617:Rodriguez, Junius P. 5444:Ayling, pp. 441–442. 5326:Watson, pp. 402–409. 5278:Ayling, pp. 408–409. 5091:Roberts, pp. 677–680 4746:Watson, pp. 272–279. 4737:Brooke, pp. 250–251. 4719:e.g. Ayling, p. 281. 4594:Ayling, pp. 275–276. 4480:O'Shaughnessy, ch 1. 4309:Watson, pp. 184–185. 4273:Watson, pp. 183–184. 4246:Brooke, pp. 146–147. 4228:Ayling, pp. 196–198. 2975:Duchess of Inverness 2881:; had one daughter: 2795:; had one daughter: 2410:crown of Charlemagne 2116:Richmond-upon-Thames 1911:and was replaced by 1909:assassinated in 1812 1845:Slave Trade Act 1807 1395:'s surrender at the 1331:Charles III of Spain 1278:the Earl of Sandwich 1255:grand strategic plan 1213:rights as Englishmen 1073:to return to power. 764:Colonel David Graeme 708:Jean-Étienne Liotard 633:Lady Charlotte Edwin 494:was banned from the 175:, Berkshire, England 30:For other uses, see 10930:British deaf people 10742:(Elector-designate) 10492:Edward of Middleham 10452:Richard of Bordeaux 9735:Speenhamland system 9183:Acts of Parliament: 9178:List of parliaments 8754:Union of the Crowns 7677:American Revolution 6692:Willcox, William B. 6611:Thomas, Peter D. G. 6169:. London: Collins. 6036:. pp. 110–111. 5051:2017PLoSO..1271626R 4461:. pp. 158–164. 4137:on 13 November 2017 3888:Sedgwick, pp. ix–x. 2971:Lady Cecilia Buggin 2965:Lady Augusta Murray 2942:George V of Hanover 2661:Great-grandchildren 2641:George V of Hanover 2199:The Prince of Wales 1857:subsequent election 1814:Battle of Trafalgar 1810:Admiral Lord Nelson 1757:since the reign of 1600:Bishop of Worcester 1549:of George III, 1789 1524:(upper right), and 1467:Fox–North Coalition 1381:siege of Charleston 1282:Lord George Germain 1263:battles of Saratoga 1219:in April 1775. The 1204:American Revolution 1175:American Revolution 1163:American Revolution 976:Allegheny Mountains 780:Master of the Horse 695:three weeks later. 579:George was born in 553:, and their tutor, 515:the Prince of Wales 54:Coronation portrait 10970:Dukes of Edinburgh 10812:Ernest Augustus II 10670: 9803:Dukes of Edinburgh 9705:East India Company 9103: 9071:Panic of 1796–1797 8838:Acts of Union 1707 8801:James II & VII 8494:Kenneth I MacAlpin 8279:Edgar the Peaceful 8101:Margaret Nicholson 8094:King's Observatory 7944:(1984, radio play) 7881:The Young Mr. Pitt 7847:Windsor Great Park 7707:Acts of Union 1800 7583:Princess Elizabeth 7312:Titles in pretence 7265:Title next held by 7221:Congress of Vienna 7195:Acts of Union 1800 7186:Congress of Vienna 7168:Acts of Union 1800 7134:29 January 1820 6994:. London: Methuen. 6375:Washington: A Life 6286:. London: Collins. 6188:. Pitman and Sons. 6098:The London Gazette 6078:The London Gazette 6025:See, for example, 5913:The London Gazette 5901:The London Gazette 5889:The London Gazette 5877:The London Gazette 5865:The London Gazette 5853:The London Gazette 5841:The London Gazette 5831:The London Gazette 5738:Watson, pp. 10–11. 5575:, Isaac Chotiner, 4098:, 22 December 2021 4049:Ayling, pp. 85–87. 3917:Hibbert, pp. 3–15. 3904:The London Gazette 3803:Brooke, pp. 23–41. 3790:The London Gazette 3648:Gregorian calendar 3621:Acts of Union 1800 3065:Died in childhood 3049:Died in childhood 2969:(2) Married 1831, 2906:Princess Elizabeth 2797:Princess Charlotte 2417:Acts of Union 1800 2262:Congress of Vienna 2197:His Royal Highness 2190:His Royal Highness 2183:His Royal Highness 2112:King's Observatory 2106:but housed in the 2090: 1975: 1917:Congress of Vienna 1878: 1829: 1767:legal disabilities 1735:Napoleon Bonaparte 1719:Seditious Meetings 1689:Bannister Truelock 1673:Margaret Nicholson 1669: 1657: 1551: 1530: 1475:East India Company 1451: 1343:German auxiliaries 1327:treaty of alliance 1315: 1196: 1091: 1042: 912: 822:Early regnal years 712: 577: 488:Battle of Waterloo 397:Acts of Union 1800 10847: 10846: 10841: 10840: 10739:Ernest Augustus I 10722:Rulers of Hanover 10688: 10687: 10462:Henry of Monmouth 10386: 10385: 9861: 9860: 9769: 9768: 9730:South Sea Company 9020:French and Indian 8937: 8936: 8920: 8919: 8823: 8822: 8739: 8738: 8734: 8733: 8284:Edward the Martyr 8167: 8166: 8067: 8066: 8056:Victory of Eagles 7815:Public sculptures 7349: 7348: 7330: 7293:Duke of Edinburgh 7209:Succeeded by 6649:Watson, J. Steven 6637:Trevelyan, George 6602:978-0-393-35476-8 6533:978-0-141-99146-7 6526:. Penguin Books. 6386:978-1-59420-266-7 6379:. Penguin Press. 6318:(Subscription or 6058:978-0-900455-25-4 5802:978-0-7126-5279-7 5591:"Throne of Blood" 5391:National Archives 5223:Carretta, p. 275. 4988:Clinical Medicine 4904:(9482): 332–335. 3873:(Subscription or 3586: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3085: 3084: 3059:22 September 1780 2897:22 September 1840 2851:29 September 1766 2761: 2760: 2326:differenced by a 2306:: Founder of the 2254:Holy Roman Empire 2176:Titles and styles 2136:40-foot telescope 1884:and in pain from 1795:Hyde Park, London 1696:French Revolution 1604:Hartlebury Castle 1459:Charles James Fox 1402:Treaties of Paris 1397:siege of Yorktown 1208:Thirteen Colonies 1013:, which levied a 980:Mississippi River 940:and found guilty 799:Buckingham Palace 792:Westminster Abbey 740:Lady Sarah Lennox 716:St James's Palace 689:Duke of Edinburgh 585:St James's Square 480:Napoleonic France 421:Holy Roman Empire 382: 381: 324: 323: 149:4 June 1738 [ 100:22 September 1761 16:(Redirected from 11052: 11030:Princes of Wales 10995:Kings of Hanover 10950:Deafblind people 10778: 10777: 10772: 10771: 10715: 10708: 10701: 10692: 10691: 10657: 10647: 10637: 10627: 10617: 10607: 10597: 10587: 10577: 10567: 10557: 10547: 10537: 10527: 10517: 10507: 10497: 10487: 10477: 10467: 10457: 10447: 10437: 10420:Princes of Wales 10413: 10406: 10399: 10390: 10389: 10298:King Charles III 10191:King Edward VIII 9990:Prince Frederick 9888: 9881: 9874: 9865: 9864: 9796: 9789: 9782: 9773: 9772: 9171:House of Commons 9064:Jacobite risings 8976: 8975: 8974: 8964: 8957: 8950: 8941: 8940: 8829: 8828: 8789:Richard Cromwell 8779:The Protectorate 8769:James I & VI 8745: 8744: 8326:Harold Godwinson 8246:Edward the Elder 8239:Alfred the Great 8223: 8222: 8218: 8217: 8194: 8187: 8180: 8171: 8170: 8160: 8151: 8134: 8124: 8122:House of Hanover 8117: 8110: 8103: 8096: 8089: 8082: 8060: 8050: 8029: 8019: 8009: 7999: 7989: 7979: 7969: 7959: 7956:Duel and Duality 7945: 7935: 7925: 7915: 7905: 7895: 7891:Mrs. Fitzherbert 7885: 7875: 7850: 7842: 7834: 7826: 7807: 7797: 7787: 7771: 7770: 7753: 7746: 7744:Regency Act 1811 7737: 7730: 7723: 7716: 7714:Treaty of Amiens 7709: 7702: 7695: 7686: 7679: 7672: 7665: 7658: 7656:Seven Years' War 7651: 7633: 7626: 7618: 7615:Prince Frederick 7610: 7602: 7594: 7586: 7578: 7570: 7562: 7554: 7546: 7538: 7530: 7522: 7514: 7506: 7498: 7490: 7482: 7474: 7466: 7458: 7450: 7442: 7434: 7426: 7388: 7381: 7374: 7365: 7364: 7352: 7351: 7344:Title abandoned 7326: 7318:Preceded by 7286:Prince Frederick 7283:Preceded by 7244:Preceded by 7145:Preceded by 7135: 7128: 7111:House of Hanover 7102: 7101: 7098: 7095:slavevoyages.org 7063: 7033:British monarchy 7018: 7008: 6995: 6981: 6955: 6938:(1): iii, 1–46. 6926: 6919:Namier, Lewis B. 6914: 6904: 6871: 6861: 6828: 6819: 6810: 6801: 6780: 6739: 6730:(299): 145–154. 6711: 6687: 6678: 6656: 6644: 6632: 6606: 6585: 6576: 6567: 6550:Röhl, John C. G. 6545: 6514: 6502: 6493: 6472: 6459: 6437: 6411: 6390: 6378: 6367: 6346: 6329:Griffiths, Ralph 6323: 6315: 6299: 6287: 6275: 6246: 6224: 6198: 6189: 6180: 6166:George the Third 6150: 6149: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6109: 6103: 6102: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6069: 6063: 6062: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012: 5997: 5991: 5984: 5978: 5963: 5957: 5956: 5936: 5930: 5927: 5918: 5917: 5905: 5893: 5881: 5869: 5857: 5845: 5828: 5822: 5819: 5813: 5810: 5804: 5790: 5784: 5781: 5775: 5774:Reitan, p. viii. 5772: 5766: 5763: 5757: 5754: 5748: 5745: 5739: 5736: 5730: 5727: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5613: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5586: 5580: 5570: 5564: 5561: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5535: 5529: 5526: 5520: 5517: 5508: 5507:Hibbert, p. 408. 5505: 5499: 5496: 5490: 5487: 5481: 5478: 5472: 5471:Hibbert, p. 394. 5469: 5463: 5462:Hibbert, p. 396. 5460: 5454: 5451: 5445: 5442: 5436: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5411: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5383: 5377: 5374: 5368: 5365: 5359: 5351: 5345: 5342: 5336: 5333: 5327: 5324: 5318: 5315: 5309: 5308:Hibbert, p. 313. 5306: 5300: 5297: 5291: 5288: 5279: 5276: 5270: 5267: 5261: 5260: 5239: 5233: 5230: 5224: 5221: 5215: 5212: 5206: 5203: 5197: 5194: 5188: 5185: 5179: 5176: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5098: 5092: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5072: 5062: 5045:(12): e0171626. 5028: 5022: 5021: 5011: 4979: 4973: 4972: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4891: 4885: 4882: 4876: 4875: 4866:(333): 808–810. 4849: 4843: 4842: 4832: 4798: 4792: 4789: 4783: 4780: 4774: 4771: 4765: 4762: 4756: 4753: 4747: 4744: 4738: 4735: 4729: 4726: 4720: 4717: 4711: 4709: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4675: 4669: 4662: 4656: 4649: 4643: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4622: 4619: 4613: 4610: 4604: 4601: 4595: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4567: 4561: 4558: 4547: 4544: 4538: 4535: 4529: 4526: 4520: 4517: 4511: 4508: 4499: 4496: 4490: 4487: 4481: 4478: 4472: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4454: 4448: 4445: 4439: 4436: 4430: 4427: 4421: 4418: 4412: 4409: 4403: 4400: 4394: 4393:Hibbert, p. 143. 4391: 4385: 4384:Hibbert, p. 141. 4382: 4376: 4373: 4364: 4361: 4355: 4352: 4346: 4343: 4337: 4334: 4328: 4325: 4319: 4316: 4310: 4307: 4301: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4283: 4280: 4274: 4271: 4265: 4264:Chernow, p. 137. 4262: 4256: 4253: 4247: 4244: 4238: 4235: 4229: 4226: 4220: 4217: 4211: 4208: 4202: 4199: 4193: 4190: 4184: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4131:The Crown Estate 4123: 4117: 4114: 4108: 4105: 4099: 4092: 4086: 4083: 4077: 4074: 4068: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4050: 4047: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4022: 4016: 4015: 3994: 3988: 3987:Benjamin, p. 62. 3985: 3979: 3976: 3970: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3952: 3933: 3927: 3924: 3918: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3895: 3889: 3886: 3880: 3878: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3847: 3839: 3816: 3813: 3804: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3781: 3775: 3769: 3763: 3760: 3754: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3725: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3686: 3680: 3665:Hannah Lightfoot 3661: 3655: 3641: 3632: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3102: 3101: 3093: 3092: 3043:23 February 1779 2987:24 February 1774 2933:18 November 1851 2763: 2762: 2753: 2746: 2739: 2520: 2510:House of Hanover 2499: 2498: 2480: 2468: 2456: 2444: 2432: 2362:passant guardant 2347:arms of the heir 2302: 2301: 2300: 2285: 2281: 2279: 2278: 2124:William Herschel 1991:Duke of Clarence 1898:Regency Act 1811 1895: 1853:Spencer Perceval 1787:Treaty of Amiens 1769:that applied to 1727:Second Coalition 1651:Portrait by Sir 1589:bipolar disorder 1515: 1512: 1457:to replace him. 1385:Battle of Camden 1311:Royal Collection 1308: 1138:Intolerable Acts 1131:Boston Tea Party 1059:general election 952:George Grenville 938:House of Commons 929:The North Briton 878:Johannes Vermeer 842:Seven Years' War 811:Weymouth, Dorset 640:Leicester Square 609:Bishop of Oxford 575: 572: 555:Francis Ayscough 507:bipolar disorder 464:Seven Years' War 429:House of Hanover 423:before becoming 378: 312: 311: 216: 214: 183:16 February 1820 169: 148: 146: 90: 51: 39: 38: 21: 11060: 11059: 11055: 11054: 11053: 11051: 11050: 11049: 10915:British princes 10850: 10849: 10848: 10843: 10842: 10837: 10831:British monarch 10823: 10779: 10775: 10773: 10769: 10764: 10724: 10719: 10689: 10684: 10671: 10660: 10650: 10640: 10630: 10620: 10610: 10600: 10590: 10580: 10570: 10560: 10550: 10540: 10532:Henry Frederick 10530: 10520: 10510: 10500: 10490: 10480: 10470: 10460: 10450: 10440: 10430: 10422: 10417: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10366: 10345:12th generation 10340: 10317:11th generation 10312: 10291:10th generation 10286: 10250: 10179: 10119: 10093:King Edward VII 10081: 10055: 10041:Prince Octavius 10016:King William IV 9994: 9970:King George III 9958: 9932: 9916: 9897: 9895:British princes 9892: 9862: 9857: 9805: 9800: 9770: 9765: 9744: 9715:Longitude prize 9693: 9657: 9636: 9603: 9149: 9104: 9092: 9030:Boston Massacre 8980: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8938: 8933: 8916: 8843: 8819: 8784:Oliver Cromwell 8760: 8735: 8730: 8577:Constantine III 8486: 8311:Harold Harefoot 8301:Edmund Ironside 8212: 8207: and 8198: 8168: 8163: 8154: 8145: 8137: 8127: 8120: 8113: 8106: 8099: 8092: 8085: 8078: 8063: 8053: 8043: 8037:Books and poems 8032: 8022: 8012: 8008:(2015, musical) 8002: 7992: 7982: 7972: 7962: 7948: 7938: 7928: 7918: 7908: 7898: 7888: 7878: 7868: 7861: 7859: 7853: 7845: 7837: 7829: 7821: 7810: 7800: 7790: 7780: 7765: 7758: 7749: 7742: 7733: 7726: 7721:Napoleonic Wars 7719: 7712: 7705: 7698: 7691: 7682: 7675: 7668: 7661: 7654: 7647: 7636: 7629: 7621: 7613: 7607:Princess Louisa 7605: 7597: 7589: 7581: 7573: 7565: 7557: 7549: 7541: 7533: 7525: 7517: 7509: 7501: 7493: 7485: 7477: 7469: 7461: 7453: 7445: 7437: 7429: 7421: 7410: 7397: 7392: 7357: 7339: 7331: 7323: 7300: 7296: 7288: 7266: 7257: 7254:Prince of Wales 7249: 7238:British royalty 7231: 7228:King of Hanover 7214: 7205: 7180: 7162: 7150: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7114: 7107: 7089: 7025: 6978: 6960:Roberts, Andrew 6844:(5479): 65–71. 6798: 6718: 6716:Further reading 6708: 6675: 6603: 6564: 6534: 6520:Roberts, Andrew 6490: 6456: 6434: 6416:Fraser, Antonia 6408: 6387: 6364: 6343: 6317: 6264:10.2307/2946866 6243: 6233:King George III 6221: 6177: 6159: 6154: 6153: 6138: 6137: 6133: 6126: 6110: 6106: 6090: 6086: 6070: 6066: 6059: 6045: 6041: 6024: 6020: 6010: 6008: 5998: 5994: 5985: 5981: 5964: 5960: 5953: 5937: 5933: 5929:Brooke, p. 390. 5928: 5921: 5829: 5825: 5820: 5816: 5811: 5807: 5791: 5787: 5782: 5778: 5773: 5769: 5765:Ayling, p. 247. 5764: 5760: 5755: 5751: 5746: 5742: 5737: 5733: 5728: 5724: 5714: 5712: 5703: 5702: 5698: 5688: 5686: 5679: 5675: 5668: 5652: 5648: 5637: 5614: 5610: 5600: 5598: 5587: 5583: 5571: 5567: 5563:Brooke, p. 387. 5562: 5558: 5548: 5546: 5537: 5536: 5532: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5511: 5506: 5502: 5497: 5493: 5488: 5484: 5479: 5475: 5470: 5466: 5461: 5457: 5452: 5448: 5443: 5439: 5434: 5430: 5420: 5418: 5413: 5412: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5375: 5371: 5367:Brooke, p. 597. 5366: 5362: 5352: 5348: 5344:Colley, p. 225. 5343: 5339: 5335:Ayling, p. 423. 5334: 5330: 5325: 5321: 5316: 5312: 5307: 5303: 5299:Ayling, p. 411. 5298: 5294: 5289: 5282: 5277: 5273: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5243:Thompson, E. P. 5240: 5236: 5231: 5227: 5222: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5205:Ayling, p. 345. 5204: 5200: 5195: 5191: 5186: 5182: 5177: 5173: 5163: 5161: 5160:. 15 April 2013 5152: 5151: 5147: 5137: 5135: 5126: 5125: 5121: 5111: 5109: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5090: 5086: 5029: 5025: 4980: 4976: 4937: 4933: 4892: 4888: 4883: 4879: 4850: 4846: 4799: 4795: 4790: 4786: 4782:Ayling, p. 220. 4781: 4777: 4773:Ayling, p. 218. 4772: 4768: 4764:Brooke, p. 259. 4763: 4759: 4754: 4750: 4745: 4741: 4736: 4732: 4727: 4723: 4718: 4714: 4702: 4698: 4688: 4686: 4676: 4672: 4663: 4659: 4650: 4646: 4642:Brooke, p. 221. 4641: 4637: 4629: 4625: 4621:Ayling, p. 284. 4620: 4616: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4582: 4568: 4564: 4559: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4536: 4532: 4527: 4523: 4519:Brooke, p. 183. 4518: 4514: 4509: 4502: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4455: 4451: 4446: 4442: 4437: 4433: 4428: 4424: 4420:Ayling, p. 121. 4419: 4415: 4410: 4406: 4402:Watson, p. 197. 4401: 4397: 4392: 4388: 4383: 4379: 4374: 4367: 4362: 4358: 4353: 4349: 4344: 4340: 4335: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4317: 4313: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4281: 4277: 4272: 4268: 4263: 4259: 4254: 4250: 4245: 4241: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4223: 4219:Ayling, p. 195. 4218: 4214: 4210:Brooke, p. 215. 4209: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4192:Medley, p. 501. 4191: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4125: 4124: 4120: 4115: 4111: 4106: 4102: 4093: 4089: 4084: 4080: 4075: 4071: 4067:Watson, p. 549. 4066: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4048: 4044: 4034: 4032: 4024: 4023: 4019: 4012: 3995: 3991: 3986: 3982: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3955: 3934: 3930: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3912: 3896: 3892: 3887: 3883: 3872: 3864: 3862: 3840: 3819: 3814: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3782: 3778: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3738: 3736: 3727: 3726: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3706: 3700: 3696: 3687: 3683: 3662: 3658: 3652:Julian calendar 3642: 3635: 3630: 3626: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3592: 3587: 3090: 3078:2 November 1810 3071:Princess Amelia 3039:Prince Octavius 3027:3 November 1777 3023:Princess Sophia 2968: 2953:27 January 1773 2940:; had one son: 2913:10 January 1840 2894:8 November 1768 2874:23 January 1820 2871:2 November 1767 2840:Dorothea Jordan 2757: 2610:Princess Amelia 2600:Prince Octavius 2595:Princess Sophia 2503:British Royalty 2497: 2491: 2484: 2481: 2472: 2469: 2460: 2457: 2448: 2445: 2436: 2433: 2330:of five points 2320: 2312:5 February 1783 2298: 2296: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2178: 2173: 2052: 1964: 1893: 1890:Princess Amelia 1866: 1837:Third Coalition 1783:Henry Addington 1775:coronation oath 1771:Roman Catholics 1743:French Republic 1723:First Coalition 1700:French monarchy 1653:William Beechey 1645: 1640: 1616:King of Prussia 1581:Nicholas Hytner 1539: 1513: 1431: 1426: 1393:Lord Cornwallis 1379:As late as the 1358:English Channel 1302: 1268:Prime Minister 1192:William Walcutt 1181: 1173:Main articles: 1171: 1079: 1047:Earl of Chatham 1027:Lord Rockingham 970:. France ceded 934:seditious libel 900: 830: 824: 819: 772:royal household 736: 704:Prince of Wales 693:Prince of Wales 678:Romney Sedgwick 652:British monarch 573: 543: 452:Prince of Wales 425:King of Hanover 306: 302:Princess Amelia 292:Prince Octavius 287:Princess Sophia 218: 210: 206: 203: 190: 184: 171: 167: 166:29 January 1820 154: 144: 142: 89:29 January 1820 88: 79: 75:King of Hanover 57: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:King George III 15: 12: 11: 5: 11058: 11048: 11047: 11042: 11037: 11032: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10845: 10844: 10839: 10838: 10828: 10825: 10824: 10822: 10821: 10815: 10809: 10803: 10797: 10790: 10788: 10781: 10780: 10767: 10765: 10763: 10762: 10756: 10750: 10747:George I Louis 10744: 10735: 10733: 10726: 10725: 10718: 10717: 10710: 10703: 10695: 10686: 10685: 10676: 10673: 10672: 10663: 10661: 10659: 10658: 10655:(2022–present) 10648: 10638: 10628: 10618: 10608: 10598: 10588: 10578: 10568: 10558: 10548: 10538: 10528: 10518: 10508: 10498: 10488: 10478: 10468: 10458: 10448: 10438: 10427: 10424: 10423: 10416: 10415: 10408: 10401: 10393: 10384: 10383: 10374:Prince Consort 10371: 10368: 10367: 10365: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10348: 10346: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10338: 10331: 10326: 10320: 10318: 10314: 10313: 10311: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10294: 10292: 10288: 10287: 10285: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10258: 10256: 10255:9th generation 10252: 10251: 10249: 10248: 10241: 10234: 10227: 10220: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10196:King George VI 10193: 10187: 10185: 10184:8th generation 10181: 10180: 10178: 10177: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10127: 10125: 10124:7th generation 10121: 10120: 10118: 10117: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10089: 10087: 10086:6th generation 10083: 10082: 10080: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10063: 10061: 10060:5th generation 10057: 10056: 10054: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10006:King George IV 10002: 10000: 9999:4th generation 9996: 9995: 9993: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9966: 9964: 9963:3rd generation 9960: 9959: 9957: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9940: 9938: 9937:2nd generation 9934: 9933: 9931: 9930: 9928:King George II 9924: 9922: 9921:1st generation 9918: 9917: 9902: 9899: 9898: 9891: 9890: 9883: 9876: 9868: 9859: 9858: 9856: 9855: 9854:(2023–present) 9849: 9843: 9837: 9831: 9823: 9817: 9810: 9807: 9806: 9799: 9798: 9791: 9784: 9776: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9763: 9758: 9752: 9750: 9746: 9745: 9743: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9710:British Empire 9707: 9701: 9699: 9695: 9694: 9692: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9665: 9663: 9659: 9658: 9656: 9655: 9650: 9644: 9642: 9638: 9637: 9635: 9634: 9633: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9611: 9609: 9605: 9604: 9602: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9575: 9574: 9567:Prime Minister 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9548: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9457: 9456: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9180: 9175: 9174: 9173: 9168: 9166:House of Lords 9157: 9155: 9151: 9150: 9148: 9147: 9146: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9125: 9124: 9123: 9112: 9110: 9106: 9105: 9095: 9093: 9091: 9090: 9085: 9084: 9083: 9073: 9068: 9067: 9066: 9056: 9051: 9050: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9033: 9032: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9006:External wars 9004: 9003: 9002: 8997: 8988: 8986: 8982: 8981: 8967: 8966: 8959: 8952: 8944: 8935: 8934: 8932: 8931: 8925: 8922: 8921: 8918: 8917: 8915: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8848: 8845: 8844: 8842: 8841: 8825: 8824: 8821: 8820: 8818: 8817: 8812: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8792: 8791: 8786: 8776: 8771: 8765: 8762: 8761: 8759: 8758: 8741: 8740: 8737: 8736: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8680:Edward Balliol 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8540:Constantine II 8537: 8532: 8525: 8518: 8511: 8504: 8497: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8484: 8479: 8468: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8367: 8362: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8332:Edgar Ætheling 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8249: 8242: 8234: 8231: 8230: 8227: 8221: 8214: 8213: 8197: 8196: 8189: 8182: 8174: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8161: 8152: 8142: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8135: 8125: 8118: 8115:James Hadfield 8111: 8104: 8097: 8090: 8083: 8080:King's Library 8075: 8073: 8069: 8068: 8065: 8064: 8062: 8061: 8051: 8040: 8038: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8030: 8020: 8010: 8000: 7990: 7980: 7970: 7960: 7946: 7936: 7926: 7916: 7906: 7896: 7886: 7876: 7865: 7863: 7858:Theatre, film, 7855: 7854: 7852: 7851: 7843: 7835: 7833:(c. 1778–1789) 7827: 7818: 7816: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7808: 7798: 7788: 7777: 7775: 7768: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7740: 7739: 7738: 7728:Golden Jubilee 7724: 7717: 7710: 7703: 7696: 7689: 7688: 7687: 7673: 7666: 7659: 7652: 7644: 7642: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7634: 7627: 7619: 7611: 7603: 7595: 7587: 7579: 7571: 7563: 7555: 7547: 7539: 7531: 7523: 7515: 7507: 7499: 7491: 7483: 7475: 7467: 7459: 7451: 7443: 7435: 7427: 7418: 7416: 7412: 7411: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7391: 7390: 7383: 7376: 7368: 7362: 7359: 7358: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7335:King of France 7324: 7319: 7315: 7314: 7308: 7307: 7302: 7289: 7284: 7280: 7279: 7273: 7272: 7264: 7259: 7250: 7245: 7241: 7240: 7234: 7233: 7224: 7216: 7215: 7210: 7207: 7198: 7190: 7189: 7182: 7172: 7171: 7164: 7151: 7146: 7142: 7141: 7140:Regnal titles 7137: 7136: 7127:4 June 1738 7115: 7108: 7105: 7100: 7099: 7087: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7050: 7049:at BBC History 7044: 7035: 7024: 7023:External links 7021: 7020: 7019: 7010: 6996: 6982: 6977:978-1984879264 6976: 6956: 6927: 6915: 6887:(5583): 7–18. 6872: 6829: 6820: 6811: 6802: 6797:978-0333919620 6796: 6781: 6761:10.1086/385501 6744: 6717: 6714: 6713: 6712: 6706: 6688: 6679: 6673: 6657: 6645: 6633: 6623:(228): 16–31. 6607: 6601: 6586: 6577: 6568: 6562: 6546: 6532: 6516: 6509:, ed. (1964). 6503: 6494: 6489:978-0300191073 6488: 6473: 6460: 6454: 6438: 6432: 6412: 6406: 6391: 6385: 6368: 6362: 6347: 6341: 6327:Cannon, John; 6324: 6288: 6276: 6247: 6241: 6225: 6219: 6199: 6190: 6181: 6175: 6158: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6131: 6124: 6104: 6084: 6064: 6057: 6039: 6028:Berry, William 6018: 5992: 5979: 5958: 5952:978-3643900043 5951: 5931: 5919: 5823: 5814: 5805: 5785: 5776: 5767: 5758: 5749: 5747:Brooke, p. 90. 5740: 5731: 5722: 5696: 5673: 5667:978-0230599437 5666: 5646: 5636:978-1317471806 5635: 5608: 5581: 5577:The New Yorker 5565: 5556: 5530: 5521: 5519:Black, p. 410. 5509: 5500: 5491: 5482: 5473: 5464: 5455: 5446: 5437: 5435:Pares, p. 139. 5428: 5403: 5378: 5369: 5360: 5346: 5337: 5328: 5319: 5310: 5301: 5292: 5280: 5271: 5262: 5255: 5234: 5225: 5216: 5207: 5198: 5189: 5180: 5171: 5145: 5119: 5093: 5084: 5023: 4994:(3): 261–264. 4974: 4931: 4886: 4877: 4844: 4793: 4784: 4775: 4766: 4757: 4748: 4739: 4730: 4721: 4712: 4696: 4670: 4657: 4644: 4635: 4633:(1994) p. 129. 4623: 4614: 4605: 4596: 4587: 4581:978-0801873393 4580: 4562: 4548: 4539: 4530: 4521: 4512: 4500: 4491: 4482: 4473: 4464: 4449: 4440: 4431: 4422: 4413: 4411:Thomas, p. 31. 4404: 4395: 4386: 4377: 4365: 4356: 4347: 4338: 4329: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4293: 4284: 4275: 4266: 4257: 4248: 4239: 4230: 4221: 4212: 4203: 4194: 4185: 4176: 4148: 4118: 4109: 4100: 4087: 4078: 4069: 4060: 4051: 4042: 4017: 4011:978-0805096569 4010: 3998:Hadlow, Janice 3989: 3980: 3971: 3962: 3960:Ayling, p. 33. 3953: 3928: 3919: 3910: 3890: 3881: 3817: 3805: 3796: 3776: 3774:. 24 May 1738. 3764: 3762:Hibbert, p. 8. 3755: 3746: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3694: 3690:Horace Walpole 3681: 3656: 3633: 3624: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3537: 3534: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3492: 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3107: 3105: 3098: 3097: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3062:20 August 1782 3060: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3013:Married 1816, 3011: 3008: 3005: 2999: 2998: 2993:Married 1818, 2991: 2988: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2916:Married 1818, 2914: 2911: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2883:Queen Victoria 2877:Married 1818, 2875: 2872: 2869: 2863: 2862: 2857:Married 1797, 2855: 2854:6 October 1828 2852: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2832: 2829: 2828:21 August 1765 2826: 2820: 2819: 2814:Married 1791, 2812: 2811:5 January 1827 2809: 2808:16 August 1763 2806: 2800: 2799: 2789: 2786: 2785:12 August 1762 2783: 2777: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2755: 2748: 2741: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2691: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2529: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2513: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2427: 2415:Following the 2319: 2316: 2315: 2314: 2294: 2269: 2266: 2250:Prince-elector 2246:Arch-Treasurer 2208: 2207: 2200: 2193: 2186: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2132:Georgium Sidus 2075:reigned longer 2051: 2048: 1987:Andrew Roberts 1983:Atlantic slave 1963: 1960: 1940:Windsor Castle 1913:Lord Liverpool 1865: 1862: 1833:Lord Grenville 1731:Ottoman Empire 1681:James Hadfield 1663:Caricature by 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1620:Francis Willis 1596:Cheltenham Spa 1583:'s subsequent 1559:Richard Hunter 1538: 1535: 1484:House of Lords 1482:to inform the 1455:Lord Shelburne 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1413:, or England. 1335:Dutch Republic 1261:following the 1229:to be traitors 1170: 1167: 1142:Port of Boston 1119:Edward Walpole 1078: 1075: 995:Indian reserve 948:Peace of Paris 899: 896: 892:King's Library 834:Lord Hardwicke 823: 820: 818: 815: 807:Windsor Castle 735: 732: 724:prime minister 664:Joseph Addison 635:stood proxy). 625:Lord Carnarvon 617:Lord Baltimore 589:King George II 567:Richard Wilson 542: 539: 503:mental illness 496:British Empire 436:King George II 413:Prince-elector 380: 379: 372: 368: 367: 362: 358: 357: 352: 348: 347: 342: 338: 337: 332: 326: 325: 322: 321: 317: 316: 308: 307: 305: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 228: 226: 220: 219: 208: 204: 199: 198: 196: 192: 191: 185: 181: 177: 176: 173:Windsor Castle 170:(aged 81) 164: 160: 159: 140: 136: 135: 132: 131: 128: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 106: 102: 101: 98: 92: 91: 85: 81: 80: 78: 77: 68: 62: 59: 58: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11057: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10857: 10855: 10836: 10832: 10826: 10819: 10816: 10813: 10810: 10807: 10804: 10801: 10798: 10795: 10792: 10791: 10789: 10787: 10782: 10760: 10757: 10754: 10751: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10737: 10736: 10734: 10732: 10727: 10723: 10716: 10711: 10709: 10704: 10702: 10697: 10696: 10693: 10683: 10679: 10674: 10667: 10656: 10653: 10649: 10646: 10643: 10639: 10636: 10633: 10629: 10626: 10623: 10619: 10616: 10613: 10612:Albert Edward 10609: 10606: 10603: 10599: 10596: 10593: 10589: 10586: 10583: 10579: 10576: 10573: 10569: 10566: 10563: 10559: 10556: 10553: 10549: 10546: 10543: 10539: 10536: 10533: 10529: 10526: 10523: 10519: 10516: 10513: 10509: 10506: 10503: 10499: 10496: 10493: 10489: 10486: 10483: 10479: 10476: 10473: 10469: 10466: 10463: 10459: 10456: 10453: 10449: 10446: 10443: 10439: 10436: 10433: 10429: 10428: 10425: 10421: 10414: 10409: 10407: 10402: 10400: 10395: 10394: 10391: 10380: 10375: 10369: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10349: 10347: 10343: 10337: 10336: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10321: 10319: 10315: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10295: 10293: 10289: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10253: 10247: 10246: 10242: 10240: 10239: 10235: 10233: 10232: 10228: 10226: 10225: 10221: 10219: 10218: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10188: 10186: 10182: 10176: 10175: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10158: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10136:King George V 10134: 10132: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10122: 10116: 10115: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10090: 10088: 10084: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10067:Prince Albert 10065: 10064: 10062: 10058: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10046:Prince Alfred 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10003: 10001: 9997: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9961: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9941: 9939: 9935: 9929: 9926: 9925: 9923: 9919: 9914: 9910: 9906: 9900: 9896: 9889: 9884: 9882: 9877: 9875: 9870: 9869: 9866: 9853: 9850: 9847: 9844: 9841: 9838: 9835: 9832: 9829: 9828: 9824: 9821: 9818: 9815: 9812: 9811: 9808: 9804: 9797: 9792: 9790: 9785: 9783: 9778: 9777: 9774: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9753: 9751: 9747: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9702: 9700: 9696: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9666: 9664: 9660: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9645: 9643: 9639: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9617: 9616: 9615:Great Britain 9613: 9612: 9610: 9606: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9594:Patriot Whigs 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9573: 9570: 9569: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9562:Privy Council 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9462: 9461: 9458: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9185: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9163: 9162: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9152: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9130: 9129: 9126: 9122: 9119: 9118: 9117: 9114: 9113: 9111: 9107: 9099: 9089: 9086: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9065: 9062: 9061: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9031: 9028: 9027: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9007: 9005: 9001: 9000:Union of 1801 8998: 8996: 8995:Union of 1707 8993: 8992: 8990: 8989: 8987: 8983: 8979: 8965: 8960: 8958: 8953: 8951: 8946: 8945: 8942: 8930: 8927: 8926: 8923: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8849: 8846: 8840: 8839: 8834: 8833: 8830: 8826: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8781: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8766: 8763: 8757: 8755: 8750: 8749: 8746: 8742: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8681: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8659: 8655: 8653: 8652:Alexander III 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8567: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8530: 8526: 8524: 8523: 8519: 8517: 8516: 8512: 8510: 8509: 8508:Constantine I 8505: 8503: 8502: 8498: 8496: 8495: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8477: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8466: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8389: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8372: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8360: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8333: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8296: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8254: 8250: 8248: 8247: 8243: 8241: 8240: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8232: 8228: 8225: 8224: 8219: 8215: 8210: 8206: 8202: 8195: 8190: 8188: 8183: 8181: 8176: 8175: 8172: 8159: 8158: 8153: 8150: 8149: 8144: 8143: 8140: 8133: 8131: 8126: 8123: 8119: 8116: 8112: 8109: 8105: 8102: 8098: 8095: 8091: 8088: 8084: 8081: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8070: 8058: 8057: 8052: 8048: 8047: 8042: 8041: 8039: 8035: 8027: 8026: 8021: 8017: 8016: 8011: 8007: 8006: 8001: 7997: 7996: 7991: 7987: 7986: 7981: 7977: 7976: 7971: 7967: 7966: 7961: 7957: 7953: 7952: 7947: 7943: 7942: 7937: 7933: 7932: 7931:Prince Regent 7927: 7923: 7922: 7917: 7913: 7912: 7907: 7903: 7902: 7897: 7893: 7892: 7887: 7883: 7882: 7877: 7873: 7872: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7856: 7848: 7844: 7840: 7836: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7813: 7805: 7804: 7799: 7795: 7794: 7789: 7785: 7784: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7761: 7752: 7748: 7747: 7745: 7741: 7736: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7725: 7722: 7718: 7715: 7711: 7708: 7704: 7701: 7697: 7694: 7690: 7685: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7674: 7671: 7667: 7664: 7660: 7657: 7653: 7650: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7639: 7632: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7405: 7400: 7396: 7389: 7384: 7382: 7377: 7375: 7370: 7369: 7366: 7360: 7353: 7345: 7342: 7338: 7337: 7336: 7329: 7322: 7316: 7313: 7309: 7306: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7294: 7287: 7281: 7278: 7274: 7271: 7270: 7263: 7256: 7255: 7248: 7242: 7239: 7235: 7230: 7229: 7223: 7222: 7218: 7217: 7213: 7204: 7203: 7197: 7196: 7192: 7191: 7188: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7178: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7160: 7156: 7149: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7126: 7121: 7120: 7119:House of Welf 7113: 7112: 7103: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7086: 7082: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7051: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7016: 7011: 7009:British views 7007:(2): 126–132. 7006: 7002: 7001:History Today 6997: 6993: 6992: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6830: 6826: 6821: 6817: 6812: 6808: 6803: 6799: 6793: 6789: 6788: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6755:(2): 78–101. 6754: 6750: 6745: 6742: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6720: 6719: 6709: 6707:0-669-13423-6 6703: 6699: 6698: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6680: 6676: 6674:0-7126-7448-9 6670: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6617: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6598: 6594: 6593: 6587: 6583: 6578: 6574: 6569: 6565: 6563:0-593-04148-8 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6512: 6508: 6507:Reitan, E. A. 6504: 6500: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6481: 6480: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6461: 6457: 6455:0-14-025737-3 6451: 6447: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6433:0-297-76911-1 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6403: 6399: 6398: 6392: 6388: 6382: 6377: 6376: 6369: 6365: 6363:0-8203-1146-4 6359: 6355: 6354: 6348: 6344: 6342:0-19-822786-8 6338: 6334: 6330: 6325: 6321: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6304: 6298: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6248: 6244: 6242:0-09-456110-9 6238: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6220:0-300-11732-9 6216: 6212: 6209:. New Haven: 6208: 6204: 6203:Black, Jeremy 6200: 6196: 6191: 6187: 6186:Farmer George 6182: 6178: 6176:0-00-211412-7 6172: 6168: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6135: 6127: 6125:9780750953825 6121: 6117: 6116: 6108: 6100: 6099: 6094: 6088: 6080: 6079: 6074: 6068: 6060: 6054: 6050: 6043: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6022: 6007: 6003: 5996: 5989: 5983: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5962: 5954: 5948: 5944: 5943: 5935: 5926: 5924: 5915: 5914: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5891: 5890: 5885: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5818: 5809: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5789: 5780: 5771: 5762: 5753: 5744: 5735: 5726: 5710: 5706: 5700: 5684: 5677: 5669: 5663: 5659: 5658: 5650: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5623: 5618: 5612: 5596: 5592: 5585: 5578: 5574: 5569: 5560: 5544: 5540: 5534: 5525: 5516: 5514: 5504: 5495: 5486: 5477: 5468: 5459: 5450: 5441: 5432: 5416: 5410: 5408: 5392: 5388: 5382: 5373: 5364: 5357: 5356: 5350: 5341: 5332: 5323: 5314: 5305: 5296: 5290:Weir, p. 286. 5287: 5285: 5275: 5266: 5258: 5256:0-394-70322-7 5252: 5248: 5244: 5238: 5229: 5220: 5211: 5202: 5193: 5184: 5175: 5159: 5155: 5149: 5133: 5129: 5123: 5107: 5103: 5097: 5088: 5080: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5039: 5034: 5027: 5019: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4978: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4935: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4898: 4890: 4881: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4860: 4855: 4848: 4840: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4809: 4804: 4797: 4788: 4779: 4770: 4761: 4752: 4743: 4734: 4725: 4716: 4707: 4700: 4685: 4681: 4674: 4667: 4661: 4654: 4648: 4639: 4632: 4627: 4618: 4609: 4600: 4591: 4583: 4577: 4573: 4566: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4543: 4534: 4525: 4516: 4507: 4505: 4495: 4486: 4477: 4468: 4460: 4453: 4444: 4435: 4426: 4417: 4408: 4399: 4390: 4381: 4372: 4370: 4360: 4351: 4342: 4333: 4324: 4315: 4306: 4300:Black, p. 82. 4297: 4288: 4279: 4270: 4261: 4252: 4243: 4234: 4225: 4216: 4207: 4198: 4189: 4180: 4165: 4164: 4159: 4152: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4127:"Our history" 4122: 4113: 4104: 4097: 4091: 4082: 4073: 4064: 4055: 4046: 4031: 4027: 4021: 4013: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3993: 3984: 3975: 3966: 3957: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3923: 3914: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3894: 3885: 3876: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3846: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3812: 3810: 3800: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3780: 3773: 3768: 3759: 3750: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3715: 3698: 3691: 3685: 3678: 3677:Olivia Serres 3674: 3673:Lavinia Ryves 3670: 3666: 3660: 3653: 3649: 3646: 3640: 3638: 3628: 3622: 3616: 3612: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3545: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3515: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3487: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3474: 3473: 3460: 3459: 3454: 3453: 3448: 3442: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3432: 3431: 3426: 3425: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3367: 3364: 3358: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3336: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3280: 3279: 3274: 3273: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3252: 3251: 3246: 3245: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3211: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3183: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3153: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3125: 3122: 3116: 3104: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3094: 3080: 3077: 3075:7 August 1783 3074: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3055:Prince Alfred 3052: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3010:30 April 1857 3009: 3007:25 April 1776 3006: 3004: 3003:Princess Mary 3000: 2996: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2956:21 April 1843 2955: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2754: 2749: 2747: 2742: 2740: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2731: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2615:Grandchildren 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2605:Prince Alfred 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2531: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2479: 2474: 2467: 2462: 2455: 2450: 2443: 2438: 2431: 2426: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2283:Great Britain 2272: 2271: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2220:Great Britain 2217: 2213: 2205: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2185:Prince George 2184: 2180: 2179: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2145: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2087: 2084:Extract from 2082: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2069: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2047: 2045: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2019:Henry Clinton 2016: 2012: 2008: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1979:abolitionists 1972: 1968: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1875: 1872:Engraving by 1870: 1861: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1801: 1796: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1707: 1706:habeas corpus 1701: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1666: 1665:James Gillray 1661: 1654: 1649: 1643:War in Europe 1635: 1633: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1548: 1543: 1534: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1448: 1444: 1443:James Gillray 1440: 1435: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1352: 1351:Lord Weymouth 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1312: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1292: 1290: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1259:John Burgoyne 1256: 1251: 1247: 1244:The colonies 1242: 1240: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1180: 1176: 1166: 1164: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1150:Massachusetts 1147: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1127:Boston Harbor 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1088: 1087:Johan Zoffany 1083: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1067:the runner-up 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1051:New York City 1048: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 987: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 944: 939: 935: 931: 930: 925: 921: 917: 909: 904: 895: 893: 889: 886:and a set of 885: 884: 879: 875: 870: 866: 862: 857: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 829: 814: 812: 808: 804: 800: 795: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 776:Lord Harcourt 773: 769: 765: 761: 755: 753: 749: 745: 741: 731: 729: 725: 721: 717: 709: 705: 700: 696: 694: 690: 686: 685:heir apparent 681: 679: 675: 671: 670: 665: 661: 655: 653: 649: 645: 641: 636: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 601:Thomas Secker 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 581:Norfolk House 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 551:Prince Edward 547: 538: 536: 532: 531:longest-lived 528: 524: 520: 519:Prince Regent 516: 512: 508: 504: 499: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 476:revolutionary 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 448:heir apparent 445: 441: 437: 432: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 401:Great Britain 398: 394: 390: 386: 377: 373: 369: 366: 363: 359: 356: 353: 349: 346: 343: 339: 336: 333: 331: 327: 318: 313: 309: 303: 300: 298: 297:Prince Alfred 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 229: 227: 225: 221: 202: 197: 193: 189: 186:Royal Vault, 182: 178: 174: 165: 161: 157: 156:Norfolk House 152: 141: 137: 133: 129: 127: 123: 120: 117: 113: 110: 107: 103: 99: 97: 93: 86: 82: 76: 72: 69: 67: 64: 63: 60: 55: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 10793: 10758: 10741: 10729:Electors of 10677: 10654: 10644: 10634: 10624: 10614: 10604: 10594: 10591: 10584: 10574: 10564: 10554: 10544: 10534: 10524: 10514: 10504: 10494: 10484: 10474: 10464: 10454: 10444: 10434: 10378: 10333: 10243: 10236: 10229: 10222: 10215: 10172: 10155: 10112: 9969: 9912: 9908: 9825: 9819: 9641:Architecture 9599:Kit-Cat Club 9142: 9109:Royal houses 9010:Seven Years' 8928: 8907:Elizabeth II 8866: 8835: 8751: 8678: 8656: 8647:Alexander II 8564: 8527: 8520: 8513: 8506: 8499: 8492: 8474: 8463: 8386: 8369: 8357: 8330: 8293: 8251: 8244: 8237: 8155: 8146: 8129: 8054: 8044: 8023: 8018:(2015, play) 8013: 8003: 7993: 7983: 7978:(1994, film) 7973: 7968:(1991, play) 7963: 7958:" (1987, TV) 7949: 7941:In the Ruins 7939: 7929: 7919: 7914:(1975, film) 7911:Barry Lyndon 7909: 7899: 7894:(1947, film) 7889: 7884:(1942, film) 7879: 7874:(1924, film) 7869: 7801: 7791: 7781: 7735:Jubilee Rock 7394: 7343: 7333: 7332: 7327: 7304: 7298:1st creation 7297: 7291: 7267: 7261: 7252: 7226: 7219: 7200: 7193: 7184: 7175: 7166: 7153: 7131: 7124: 7117: 7109: 7094: 7014: 7004: 7000: 6990: 6968:Viking Press 6963: 6935: 6931: 6922: 6884: 6880: 6841: 6837: 6824: 6815: 6806: 6786: 6752: 6748: 6727: 6723: 6696: 6683: 6664: 6661:Weir, Alison 6652: 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Macmillan. 6572: 6553: 6523: 6510: 6498: 6478: 6464: 6445: 6419: 6396: 6374: 6352: 6332: 6301: 6292:Cannon, John 6283: 6255: 6251: 6232: 6229:Brooke, John 6206: 6185: 6165: 6157:Bibliography 6145: 6140: 6134: 6114: 6107: 6096: 6087: 6076: 6067: 6048: 6042: 6032: 6021: 6009:. Retrieved 6005: 5995: 5982: 5970: 5966: 5961: 5941: 5934: 5911: 5899: 5887: 5875: 5863: 5851: 5839: 5830: 5826: 5817: 5808: 5793: 5788: 5779: 5770: 5761: 5752: 5743: 5734: 5725: 5715:14 September 5713:. Retrieved 5699: 5687:. Retrieved 5676: 5660:. Springer. 5656: 5649: 5641:Google Books 5639:– via 5621: 5611: 5599:. Retrieved 5594: 5584: 5576: 5568: 5559: 5547:. Retrieved 5542: 5533: 5524: 5503: 5494: 5485: 5476: 5467: 5458: 5449: 5440: 5431: 5419:. Retrieved 5394:. Retrieved 5390: 5381: 5372: 5363: 5353: 5349: 5340: 5331: 5322: 5313: 5304: 5295: 5274: 5265: 5246: 5237: 5228: 5219: 5210: 5201: 5192: 5183: 5174: 5162:. Retrieved 5148: 5136:. Retrieved 5131: 5122: 5110:. 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Retrieved 3732: 3729:"George III" 3697: 3684: 3659: 3627: 3615: 3324: 2997:; had issue 2831:20 June 1837 2788:26 June 1830 2709: 2680: 2660: 2614: 2534: 2525: 2414: 2386:for Scotland 2360:three lions 2351: 2336:fleur-de-lis 2321: 2311: 2292:22 June 1749 2291: 2257: 2235: 2228:Edward III's 2222:united with 2209: 2203: 2196: 2189: 2182: 2160:Lewis Namier 2149: 2140: 2131: 2091: 2085: 2068:Elizabeth II 2064: 2053: 2041: 2031: 2004: 1976: 1952:lay in state 1933: 1906: 1879: 1830: 1824: 1798: 1791: 1750:Act of Union 1747: 1739:First Consul 1704: 1693: 1675:in 1786 and 1670: 1632:Regency Bill 1628: 1593: 1574: 1571:Alan Bennett 1552: 1531: 1502: 1471: 1452: 1438: 1415: 1378: 1374:Gordon riots 1370:John Vaughan 1366: 1355: 1319:Lord Chatham 1316: 1298:Portrait by 1286: 1267: 1243: 1238:Common Sense 1236: 1233:Thomas Paine 1197: 1187: 1135: 1123: 1103: 1092: 1085:Portrait by 1043: 1020: 1003: 988: 962:, including 956:West Florida 941: 927: 913: 908:Allan Ramsay 906:Portrait by 881: 865:Crown Estate 858: 831: 796: 790:was held at 784:Chapel Royal 778:, the royal 756: 742:, sister of 737: 713: 682: 673: 667: 656: 637: 578: 517:, was named 500: 433: 384: 383: 168:(1820-01-29) 36: 11035:Regency era 10870:1820 deaths 10865:1738 births 10645:(1958–2022) 10635:(1910–1936) 10625:(1901–1910) 10615:(1841–1901) 10605:(1762–1820) 10595:(1751–1760) 10585:(1728–1751) 10575:(1714–1727) 10555:(1641–1649) 10545:(1616–1625) 10535:(1610–1612) 10525:(1537–1547) 10515:(1504–1509) 10505:(1489–1502) 10495:(1483–1484) 10485:(1471–1483) 10475:(1454–1471) 10465:(1399–1413) 10455:(1376–1377) 10445:(1343–1376) 10435:(1301–1307) 10211:Prince John 9848:(2021–2022) 9842:(1947–2021) 9836:(1866–1900) 9830:(1764–1834) 9822:(1751–1760) 9816:(1726–1751) 9669:Periodicals 9015:Jenkins Ear 8912:Charles III 8897:Edward VIII 8627:Alexander I 8607:Malcolm III 8582:Kenneth III 8482:Elizabeth I 8444:Richard III 8157:George IV → 8148:← George II 7751:Regency era 7631:Descendants 7269:George (IV) 7106:George III 6093:"No. 17149" 6073:"No. 15324" 6011:25 December 5796:. Pimlico. 4947:(1): 3–19. 4684:history.com 3030:27 May 1848 3017:; no issue 2990:8 July 1850 2930:5 June 1771 2920:; no issue 2910:22 May 1770 2818:; no issue 2390:for Ireland 2370:for England 2204:His Majesty 2164:Butterfield 2156:Erskine May 2126:discovered 2027:Nova Scotia 1934:He died of 1874:Henry Meyer 1864:Final years 1806:Bishop Hurd 1655:, 1799/1800 1638:Later reign 1514: 1785 1480:Lord Temple 1303: [ 1274:his cabinet 1099:Anne Horton 999:Nova Scotia 984:New Orleans 960:West Indies 943:in absentia 924:John Wilkes 861:Crown lands 817:Early reign 574: 1749 365:Anglicanism 105:Predecessor 10860:George III 10854:Categories 10794:George III 10759:George III 9761:Royal arms 9720:Window tax 9662:Literature 9648:Queen Anne 9589:Whig Junto 9460:Elections: 9161:Parliament 9143:George III 9059:Jacobitism 9054:Whig plots 8887:Edward VII 8877:William IV 8867:George III 8796:Charles II 8691:Robert III 8637:Malcolm IV 8612:Donald III 8587:Malcolm II 8572:Kenneth II 8454:Henry VIII 8414:Richard II 8409:Edward III 8343:William II 8316:Harthacnut 8130:George III 8108:John Frith 8028:(2023, TV) 7998:(2008, TV) 7995:John Adams 7988:(2000, TV) 7934:(1979, TV) 7924:(1976, TV) 7862:television 7766:depictions 7649:Coronation 7545:(daughter) 7521:(daughter) 7513:(daughter) 7481:(daughter) 7473:(daughter) 7457:(daughter) 7395:George III 7301:1751–1760 7258:1751–1760 7047:George III 7038:George III 7029:George III 6838:Br. Med. J 6542:1334883294 6467:. p. 6422:. London: 6407:0300107595 6322:required.) 5973:, London, 5908:"No. 8971" 5896:"No. 8963" 5884:"No. 8902" 5872:"No. 8898" 5860:"No. 8860" 5848:"No. 8735" 5836:"No. 8734" 5549:7 November 5421:25 October 5396:31 October 4897:The Lancet 4141:7 November 4035:14 October 3899:"No. 9050" 3877:required.) 3865:29 October 3785:"No. 7712" 3710:References 3046:3 May 1783 2824:William IV 2550:William IV 2526:George III 2493:See also: 2406:for Saxony 2376:Or a lion 2324:royal arms 2056:William IV 1921:electorate 1886:rheumatism 1759:Edward III 1677:John Frith 1429:Government 1417:John Adams 1347:Lord Gower 1270:Lord North 1071:Lord North 1015:stamp duty 968:Martinique 964:Guadeloupe 888:Canalettos 869:civil list 803:Kew Palace 760:Protestant 631:(for whom 623:(for whom 615:(for whom 541:Early life 385:George III 242:William IV 145:1738-06-04 96:Coronation 42:George III 10800:George IV 10784:Kings of 10753:George II 10582:Frederick 9814:Frederick 9608:Geography 9273:1760–1764 9268:1755–1759 9263:1750–1754 9258:1745–1749 9253:1740–1744 9248:1735–1739 9243:1730–1734 9238:1725–1729 9233:1720–1724 9228:1715–1719 9138:George II 8902:George VI 8872:George IV 8862:George II 8774:Charles I 8756:from 1603 8706:James III 8686:Robert II 8642:William I 8617:Duncan II 8545:Malcolm I 8535:Donald II 8459:Edward VI 8449:Henry VII 8434:Edward IV 8404:Edward II 8394:Henry III 8377:Richard I 8338:William I 8259:Æthelstan 7985:Longitude 7860:radio and 7774:Paintings 7617:(brother) 7601:(brother) 7593:(brother) 7577:(brother) 7479:Elizabeth 7321:George II 7247:Frederick 7212:George IV 7148:George II 6952:143613757 6777:162958860 6006:Heraldica 5689:22 August 5685:. History 5627:Routledge 5601:21 August 5595:slate.com 5355:The Times 4668:, p. 306. 4664:Bullion, 3645:New Style 2781:George IV 2540:George IV 2380:within a 2354:Quarterly 2238:Brunswick 2152:Trevelyan 2114:built in 2034:Liverpool 1936:pneumonia 1902:George IV 1882:cataracts 1800:The Times 1624:poultices 1579:, and in 1563:porphyria 1447:money bag 1424:Mid reign 1411:Caribbean 1339:Loyalists 1323:Louis XVI 1158:the Crown 1011:Stamp Act 982:, except 720:Lord Bute 511:porphyria 407:into the 371:Signature 232:George IV 119:George IV 115:Successor 109:George II 10818:George V 10678:See also 9913:princess 9905:George I 9653:Georgian 9625:Scotland 9552:Monarchy 9154:Politics 9133:George I 9081:Scotland 8892:George V 8882:Victoria 8857:George I 8726:James VI 8711:James IV 8701:James II 8674:David II 8669:Robert I 8658:Margaret 8592:Duncan I 8501:Donald I 8439:Edward V 8429:Henry VI 8419:Henry IV 8399:Edward I 8365:Henry II 8264:Edmund I 8253:Ælfweard 8211:monarchs 8205:Scottish 7839:Weymouth 7823:Montreal 7764:Cultural 7625:(sister) 7609:(sister) 7585:(sister) 7569:(sister) 7561:(mother) 7553:(father) 7527:Octavius 6988:(1911). 6962:(2021). 6736:44225322 6663:(1996). 6651:(1960). 6639:(1912). 6522:(2023). 6444:(1999). 6418:(1975). 6331:(1988). 6294:(2004). 6282:(1957). 6231:(1972). 6205:(2006). 6030:(1810). 5619:(2015). 5245:(1966). 5158:BBC News 5079:28328964 5038:PLOS One 5018:21902081 4969:22391207 4961:21877427 4926:13109527 4918:16039338 4689:19 April 4000:(2014). 3739:18 April 3590:See also 3088:Ancestry 2633:Victoria 2535:Children 2404:Argent ( 2382:tressure 2374:impaling 2242:Lüneburg 2206:The King 2060:Victoria 1929:dementia 1612:Cotehele 1573:'s play 1493:election 1441:(1786), 1387:and the 1309:, 1781 ( 1235:'s book 1036:Bust by 978:and the 854:autocrat 666:'s play 660:Anglican 523:Georgian 484:Napoleon 399:unified 361:Religion 10833:**also 10829:* also 10806:William 10786:Hanover 10731:Hanover 10652:William 10642:Charles 10552:Charles 10542:Charles 9846:Charles 9749:Symbols 9620:England 9128:Hanover 8985:History 8810:Mary II 8716:James V 8696:James I 8632:David I 8597:Macbeth 8529:Eochaid 8424:Henry V 8359:Matilda 8353:Stephen 8348:Henry I 8209:British 8203:, 8201:English 8072:Related 7871:America 7471:Augusta 7408:Hanover 7159:Ireland 7083:of the 7079:in the 7055:at the 6911:4866084 6902:1984936 6868:5323262 6859:1843211 6616:History 6272:2946866 5597:. 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