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119:. At first, the king ordered the chair to be made of bronze, but he changed his mind and decided it should be made of timber. It was originally covered in gilding and coloured glass, much of which has now been lost. The chair is the oldest dated piece of English furniture made by a known artist. Although it was not originally intended to be a coronation chair, it began to be associated with coronations of English monarchs at some point in the 14th century, and the first coronation where it was definitely used was that of
147:
40:
373:; while the 1902 Thrones from the coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra are on the dais in the Ballroom at Buckingham Palace. A pair of Chairs of Estate (made for the 1902 coronation), which are usually kept in the Music Room at Buckingham Palace, have in recent years been employed when the monarch has addressed both Houses of Parliament in
265:). In 1997, the year after the removal of the stone, the chair was removed from its traditional home in the Chapel of St Edward the Confessor and placed by the tomb of King Henry V. In 2010 the chair was moved to a chapel at the back of the Nave for cleaning, where it has since remained (when not in use).
162:
In the 18th century, tourists could sit on the chair for a small payment to one of the vergers. Early tourists and choirboys of the abbey carved their initials and other graffiti into the chair, and the corner posts have been acutely damaged by souvenir hunters. Nails have often been driven into the
142:
in 1821. The chair itself was originally gilded, painted and inlaid with glass mosaics, traces of which are visible upon inspection of the chair, especially on the back where outlines of foliage, birds and animals survive. A lost image of a king, maybe Edward the
Confessor or Edward I, with his feet
268:
The
Coronation Chair is now highly protected, and leaves its secure location—behind glass on a plinth in St George's Chapel in the nave—only when it is carried into the theatre of coronation near the High Altar of the abbey. Between 2010 and 2012, the chair was cleaned and restored by a team of
217:
where the Dean and the
Cathedral Architect signed for its receipt. The next day, five carpenters arrived to shore up the roof of a vaulted recess in the cathedral's crypt with timber supports. Once they had finished their work, the chair was moved into the recess. As it also provided the best
134:
became joint monarchs in 1689, they required two coronation chairs for the ceremony. William III used the original 13th-century chair, while a second chair was made for Mary II, which still resides in the abbey's collections.
222:
was placed on the chair. Sandbags were then used to seal off the recess. The chair remained there for the duration of the war. Meanwhile the chair used for the coronation of Mary II was relocated from
Westminster Abbey to
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Unlike the
Coronation Chair, these other chairs and thrones have tended to be made new for each coronation. For the coronation of King Charles III and Queen Camilla, however, older chairs were reconditioned:
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293:
Other chairs are used by the monarch (and consort) for different parts of the coronation ceremony. Chairs of Estate for the sovereign and consort are placed on the south side of the
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351:
Afterwards, the Chairs of Estate were returned to the dais in the Throne Room of
Buckingham Palace. This room also contains other chairs from past coronations, including:
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182:. A corner of the chair was broken off in the explosion. Although it was strong enough to shake the abbey walls and loud enough to be heard from inside the
269:
experts in full view of the public at the abbey. In early 2023, a further programme of restoration and conservation was undertaken in preparation for the
273:; on 6 May 2023, the stone having been reunited with the chair for the occasion, the King was seated on it for his anointing, investiture and crowning.
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Gilded lions added in the 16th century form the legs to the chair; they were all replaced in 1727. One of the four lions was given a new head for the
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Over the eight centuries of its existence, the chair has only been removed from
Westminster Abbey twice. The first time was for the ceremony in
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when, concerned about the risk of it being damaged or destroyed by German air raids, it was moved out of London. On 24 August 1939, the
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301:. Later, for the enthronement (and the homage which follows it), the monarch is seated not in the Coronation Chair, but in a separate
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was moved out of the way and the chair was loaded on a truck and, with two detectives accompanying the driver, it was driven to
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171:, the Gothic revival architect and antiquary, described the chair as "a magnificent piece of decoration, but sadly mutilated".
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in 1399. Monarchs used to sit on the Stone of Scone itself until a wooden platform was added to the chair in the 17th century.
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186:, none of the 70 people in the abbey at the time was injured, and the Coronation Chair was faithfully restored.
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in 1296. Edward brought the Stone to
England and commissioned the Coronation Chair to hold it. The high-backed,
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King Edward I of
England seized the Stone of Scone, the traditional coronation seat of the Scottish kings, from
1740:
1086:
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Technically, the
Coronation Chair is not a throne (seat of state occupied by the sovereign on state occasions).
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All four were restored and given new heraldic embroidery, as appropriate, prior to the coronation in May 2023.
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115:-style armchair was carved from oak at some point between the summer of 1297 and March 1300 by the carpenter
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pm on 11 June 1914, the chair was the object of a bomb attack thought to have been organised by the
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resting on a lion was also painted on the back. Today, its appearance is of aged and brittle wood.
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This article is about the chair used in coronations of British monarchs. For other uses, see
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on the proviso that it be returned to England for use at coronations (as happened for the
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The 1953 Throne from the coronation of Elizabeth II is kept in the Garter Throne Room of
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The Coronation Chair and Stone of Scone: History, Archaeology and Conservation
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The Chairs of Estate had originally been made in 1953 on the occasion of the
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564:"The Coronation Chair and the Stone of Scone, by Warwick Rodwell - review"
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The Chairs of Estate from the coronation of George VI and Elizabeth (1937)
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772:"Britain's coronation throne gets revamp ahead of King Charles' crowning"
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protected location, the cathedral's 13th-century bog-oak effigy of
79:, which he had captured from the Scots. The chair was named after
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in 2023). (In 2024 the stone is scheduled to be relocated to a
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wood to attach fabric for coronations, and in preparation for
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1950, Scottish nationalists broke into Westminster Abbey and
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and for centuries (until 1997) it was kept in his shrine at
695:
National Treasures: Saving the Nation's Art in World War II
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645:
1032:
Coronation of the English, Scottish, and British monarchs
741:
Ross, Peter (April 2023). "Crowns, Choirs & Crypts".
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167:, the chair was covered with a coating of brown paint.
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sit when they are invested with regalia and crowned at
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329:(since which time they had stood on the dais in the
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Coronation of King Charles the III and Queen Camilla
915:"Buckingham Palace visitors can step into ballroom"
797:"Extremely fragile coronation chair being restored"
697:(Hardback). London: John Murray. pp. 201–202.
238:, damaging the stone. It was recovered in time for
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611:Younghusband, Sir George; Cyril Davenport (1919).
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342:Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
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720:"The students who stole the Stone of Destiny"
340:The Thrones had originally been made for the
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87:. The Coronation Chair was last used at the
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355:Queen Victoria's coronation Throne of 1837
271:coronation of Charles III and Camilla
1314:Archbishops and Bishops Assistant of the
313:. On occasions when the wife of a king—a
1439:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Crown
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47:, which was returned to Scotland in 1996
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27:Wooden chair used in British coronations
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718:Brocklehurst, Steven (24 March 2023).
63:, is an ancient wooden chair on which
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287:Coronation of Charles III and Camilla
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1573:Queen Consort's Ivory Rod with Dove
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277:Other chairs used at the coronation
24:
1568:Queen Consort's Sceptre with Cross
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440:. Vol. 22. 1929. p. 163.
25:
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988:
249:, since when it has been kept at
71:. It was commissioned in 1296 by
1837:Material culture of royal courts
770:Holden, Michael (1 March 2023).
309:positioned in the middle of the
1812:Coronations of British monarchs
995:History of the Coronation Chair
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562:Yorke, James (17 August 2013).
360:coronation of George V and Mary
165:Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee
1553:Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross
428:
409:
255:coronation of King Charles III
43:The chair in 2023 without the
13:
1:
1558:Sovereign's Sceptre with Dove
1321:Garter Principal King of Arms
1267:Chapel Royal, Stirling Castle
617:. Cassell & Co. pp.
422:
1419:Mary of Modena's State Crown
1398:George IV's Coronation Crown
913:Wallace, Sam (6 July 2000).
285:The Coronation Chair at the
205:. The second was during the
140:coronation of George IV
7:
614:The Crown Jewels of England
546:. 12 June 1914. p. 11.
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154:in the Coronation Chair at
10:
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1481:Sword of Spiritual Justice
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827:English Coronation Records
693:Shenton, Caroline (2021).
327:Coronation of Elizabeth II
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1146:George III and Charlotte
1060:Henry VIII and Catherine
830:. A. Constable. p.
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397:Westminster Stone theory
358:The Thrones used at the
242:'s coronation in 1953.
236:stole the Stone of Scone
18:King Edward's Chair
1429:Queen Alexandra's Crown
1310:Great Officers of State
1272:Church of the Holy Rude
1194:Charles III and Camilla
1184:George VI and Elizabeth
1156:William IV and Adelaide
874:"Pair of Throne Chairs"
245:In 1996, the stone was
203:Commonwealth of England
1424:Queen Adelaide's Crown
1393:George I's State Crown
1141:George II and Caroline
945:Royal Collection Trust
902:. Inventory no. 35369.
899:Royal Collection Trust
879:Royal Collection Trust
853:Royal Collection Trust
479:"The Coronation Chair"
290:
159:
48:
1332:Mistress of the Robes
1055:William I and Matilda
948:. Inventory no. 2433.
882:. Inventory no. 2604.
824:Legg, L.G.W. (1901).
726:. BBC. Archived from
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149:
42:
1842:Edward the Confessor
1563:Queen Consort's Ring
1459:Processional objects
1384:Specific crowns worn
1375:Imperial State Crown
1236:Gloucester Cathedral
1231:Winchester Cathedral
997:at Westminster Abbey
576:on 15 February 2016.
247:returned to Scotland
225:Winchester Cathedral
215:Gloucester Cathedral
184:Houses of Parliament
81:Edward the Confessor
1827:Edward I of England
1337:Master of the Robes
919:The Daily Telegraph
543:The Daily Telegraph
61:King Edward's Chair
1817:Individual thrones
1779:Coronation chicken
1434:Queen Mary's Crown
654:, p. 184–185.
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240:Queen Elizabeth II
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1505:Anointing objects
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1491:Sword of Offering
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980:978-1-78297-152-8
704:978-1-529-38743-8
483:Westminster Abbey
387:Chair of St Peter
335:Buckingham Palace
299:St Edward's Crown
227:for safekeeping.
169:Sir Gilbert Scott
156:Westminster Abbey
93:Westminster Abbey
85:Westminster Abbey
69:their coronations
57:St Edward's Chair
16:(Redirected from
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1614:Coronation glove
1548:Sovereign's Ring
1517:Coronation Spoon
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34:Coronation chair
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805:. 1 March 2023
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1328:of the Realm
1302:Participants
1189:Elizabeth II
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1763:Charles III
1604:Stole Royal
1599:Supertunica
1386:by monarchs
1262:Kelso Abbey
1252:Scone Abbey
1179:(abandoned)
1176:Edward VIII
1082:Elizabeth I
924:11 February
858:24 November
744:Smithsonian
488:11 February
454:|work=
331:Throne Room
128:William III
105:Scone Abbey
1807:1296 works
1801:Categories
1729:Edward VII
1609:Robe Royal
1226:Bath Abbey
1125:Charles II
627:B00086FM86
423:References
259:new museum
109:Perthshire
1753:George VI
1526:Ornaments
1207:Locations
1151:George IV
1072:Edward VI
849:"Thrones"
456:ignored (
446:cite book
295:sanctuary
95:in 2023.
1741:George V
1582:Garments
1245:Scottish
1161:Victoria
1113:James VI
1101:Scottish
1040:Monarchs
965:(2013).
802:BBC News
724:BBC News
381:See also
344:in 1937.
311:crossing
121:Henry IV
1676:Honours
1653:Rituals
1538:Armills
1512:Ampulla
1281:British
1214:English
1134:British
1048:English
956:Sources
809:1 March
781:1 March
776:Reuters
289:in 2023
201:of the
174:At 5:40
132:Mary II
99:History
1787:(2023)
1781:(1953)
1772:Dishes
1722:Medals
1356:Crowns
1108:Mary I
1077:Mary I
977:
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362:(1911)
303:Throne
176:
158:, 1859
113:Gothic
1628:Seats
1533:Spurs
1452:Items
1326:Peers
747:: 50.
621:–61.
403:Notes
305:on a
193:when
126:When
1713:1953
1708:1937
1703:1911
1698:1902
1693:1838
1688:1831
1683:1821
1118:Anne
1065:Anne
975:ISBN
926:2016
860:2023
811:2023
783:2023
699:ISBN
623:ASIN
490:2016
458:help
307:dais
150:The
130:and
51:The
832:276
333:in
261:at
230:On
107:in
91:at
59:or
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