487:(FMRI). These technologies have allowed researchers to observe human learning processes directly. Through these types of technologies, we are now able to see and study what happens in the process of learning. In different tests performed the brain being imaged showed a greater blood flow and activation to that area of the brain being stimulated through different activities such as finger tapping in a specific sequence. It has been revealed that the process at the beginning of learning a new skill happens quickly, and later on slows down to almost a plateau. This process can also be referred to as The Law of Learning. The slower learning showed in the FMRI that in the cerebral cortex this was when the long term learning was occurring, suggesting that the structural changes in the cortex reflect the enhancement of skill memories during later stages of training. When a person studies a skill for a longer duration of time, but in a shorter amount of time they will learn quickly, but also only retain the information into their
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skill; there is one option. Open skills are skills that require more flexibility in learning such as team sports. A person learning how to play football learns multiple drills, strategies, and practices scrimmages in order to learn how to work in multiple types of environments. Because no football game is the same, and a person can't know going into a game the exact steps the other team is going to take, open skills are required to become successful. Cognitive skills also are a part of kinesthetic learning, perceptual learning, and skill memories. Some people learn better in an environment that is more hands-on, and this builds their cognitive skills as well. Cognitive skills are skills which require individuals to solve problems or apply strategies rather than to move their bodies based on what they perceive. Solving a puzzle would be an example of a cognitive skill.
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be used depending on the learning style. Mind mapping, story mapping, webbing, drawing can be used to enhance the learning of a doodler. For the hands-on learner, role play, clay, building and math manipulative can be used. The whole book body learner can learn better through role-playing, body mapping, puzzles and use of computer technology which allows for certain movement while learning. Students can be engaged in group activities and activities which involve bodily movement such as dance, drama, sports can be used to nurture their learning. The following strategies can be used to facilitate kinesthetic memory through procedural motor pathway such as:
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meaning what a person is physically feeling. The basal ganglia then interpret this information and sends it on a path to the thalamus and the brain stem which both play large factors in physical movement. Therefore, the basal ganglia are the beginning of the process for somebody who is learning-by-doing to respond viscerally to the stimuli around them. It is important once a skill is learned to practice it. This can change how basal ganglia circuits participate in the performance of that skill and that synaptic plasticity is a basic neural mechanism enabling such changes. The more a person practices, the more plasticity they develop.
495:. Functional and structural studies of the brain have revealed a vast interconnectivity between diverse regions of the cerebral cortex. For example, large numbers of axons interconnect the posterior sensory areas serving vision, audition, and touch with anterior motor regions. Constant communication between sensation and movement makes sense, because to execute smooth movement through the environment, movement must be continuously integrated with knowledge about one's surroundings obtained via sensory perception. The cerebral cortex plays a role in allowing humans to do this.
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actively practicing, these parts of the brain won't help them get to their full potential. Alterations in the brain that occur during learning seem to make the nerve cells more efficient or powerful. Studies have shown that animals raised in complex environments have a greater volume of capillaries per nerve cell—and therefore a greater supply of blood to the brain—than the caged animals, regardless of whether the caged animal lived alone or with companions. Overall, these studies depict an orchestrated pattern of increased capacity in the brain that depends on experience.
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conversation. You crack your fingers while preparing for, or doing, an activity. You talk using your hands as a complement to your speech. You pace when you really need to cram information for a test. You mime things to boost your memory. You have gotten in trouble more than twice for tapping your pencil on your desk or clicking your pen in the same class period. You think best when you're exercising. You remember your notes best when you've written them down with your hand rather than typing them out. You touch everything you pass in a store without thinking about it.
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the involvement of the learner's body movement. This movement is performed to establish new knowledge or extend existing knowledge. Kinesthetic learning is at its best, BenZion found, when the learner uses language (their own words) in order to define, explain, resolve and sort out how their body's movement reflects the concept explored. One example is a student using movement to work out the sum of 1/2 plus 3/4 via movement, then explaining how their motions in space reflect the mathematical process leading to the correct answer.
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predicting events, especially in the formation, execution, and timing of conditioned responses. The cerebellum plays a very important role in all forms of kinesthetic learning and motor function. For a ballerina, it is important to be able to control their movements and time it exactly right for their routine. For a football player it is important to be able to regulate movement when running throwing, and being able to have control over where the ball goes as well as the timing of it.
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sociological, physiological and psychological variables. Under this model, physiological stimuli consist of four elements, one of which is perceptual. Perceptual depicts the auditory, visual, tactual and kinesthetic styles whereby learners learn more effectively. This gives meaning to the concept that kinesthetic learners learn best through whole-body activities and experiences while tactual learners learn best through manipulation of items with their hands.
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so that it can fit inside the skull. The neural circuits in this area of the brain expand with practice of an activity, just like the synaptic plasticity grows with practice. Clarification of some of the mechanisms of learning by neuroscience has been advanced, in part, by the advent of non-invasive imaging technologies, such as
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In addition, Denig (2004) in his article 'Multiple
Intelligences and Learning Styles: Two Complementary Dimensions', presented Dunn and Dunn's Learning Styles Model, which addresses 21 elements that affect students' learning. These elements are broken down into five stimuli: environmental, emotional,
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Rita Dunn contends that kinesthetic and tactile learning are the same style. Galeet BenZion asserts that kinesthetic and tactile learning are separate learning styles, with different characteristics. She defined kinesthetic learning as the process that results in new knowledge (or understanding) with
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And all three of these important systems in the brain function together as a team, one not being more important than the other. They work together to allow for responding to sensory events, timing, controlling physical actions, and more. However, it is important to remember that unless a person is
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The cerebral cortex is the brain tissue covering the top and sides of the brain in most vertebrates. It is involved in storing and processing of sensory inputs and motor outputs. In the human brain, the cerebral cortex is actually a sheet of neural tissue about 1/8th inch thick. The sheet is folded
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The basal ganglia are a collection of ganglia (clusters of neurons) that lie at the base of the forebrain. The basal ganglia receive information from other parts of the brain such as the hippocampus and cortical areas that send messages about the outside world. Most of these messages are sensory,
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Reese & Dunn (2007) in their research of college freshmen learning styles provided recommended that "to ensure success for kinesthetic learners, classes should provide active experiences for planning or carrying out objectives, such as visits, project, role playing, simulations and floor or wall
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that involves physical activity. As cited by Favre (2009), Dunn and Dunn define kinesthetic learners as students who prefer whole-body movement to process new and difficult information. However, scientific studies do not support the claim that using kinesthetic modality improves learning in students
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Subjects can be taught to cater for kinesthetic learners. Through a strength-based and learner-centered approach, educators should engage kinesthetic students in activities that require movements because they learn by doing. Activities could include role-plays, drama, dance, races and competitions,
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Perceptual-motor skills are skills learned by movement patterns guided by sensory inputs. There are closed skills and open skills. Closed skills are skills learned such as dance. A ballerina learns a specific set of moves and doesn't stray from the exact routine, which is why it is called a closed
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the kinesthetic learners respond differently. The different kinds of learners mainly include whole body learners, hands-on learners, doodlers, students learning through emotional experiences. The learning and the memory is generally short term. To achieve a long-term memory different techniques can
491:. Just like studying for an exam; if a student tries to learn everything the night before, it will not stick in the long run. If a person studies a skill for a shorter duration of time, but more frequently and long-term, their brain will retain this information much longer as it is stored in the
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Favre (2009) stated that instructional strategies should include movement in a game-like format. Favre suggested designing kinesthetic games. For example, "game boards such as Tic-Tac-Toe affixed to the classroom floor and hopscotch template painted on the playground tarmac or sidewalks around the
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Neil
Fleming, a New Zealand teacher and educational theorist, designed the VARK model (visual, aural or auditory, read/write and kinesthetic). According to Fleming's model, kinesthetic learners are similar to tactile learners in that they like hands-on experiential learning. They excel in concrete
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Dena Lister highlights the improvements that were found in classroom performance of sixth-grade learning-support students. Lister writes, "The LSS students also produced significantly the first
Learning-Style treatment, suggesting that this particular Learning-Style instructional approach, rather
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The cerebellum is critical to the ability for a human or animal to be able to regulate movement. This area of the brain wraps around the brain stem and is very densely packed with neurons and neural connections. This part of the brain is involved in timing as well as movement. It assists in
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Skylar
Anderson points out signs that may lead one to believing they are a kinesthetic learner. For example, in his work he states the following signs: your knee is bouncing constantly. You regularly kick a soccer ball, or toss a baseball, or spin a basketball on your finger while having a
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Dunn, Rita; Honigsfeld, Andrea; Doolan, Laura Shea; Bostrom, Lena; Russo, Karen; Schiering, Marjorie S.; Suh, Bernadyn; Tenedero, Henry (2009). "Impact of
Learning-Style Instructional Strategies on Students' Achievement and Attitudes: Perceptions of Educators in Diverse Institutions".
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Skill memory also fits into the category of kinesthetic learning, as it is what happens when somebody is learning kinesthetically. Skill memories are difficult to convey except by direct demonstration, may be acquired without awareness, and require several repetitions.
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AJ Richards points out it can be very helpful for physics instructors to develop and employ pedagogical techniques that help students to visualize and to reason productively about these concepts. A particularly effective strategy uses kinesthetic learning activities.
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Lister, Dena O. (June 2005). "Effects of
Traditional Versus Tactual and Kinesthetic Learning-Style Responsive Instructional Strategies on Bermudian Learning-Support Sixth-Grade Students' Social Studies Achievement and Attitude-Test Scores".
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school" (p. 32). Favre also suggested that instructors can use "commercial games such as
Twister, Jeopardy and Nerf basketball and create game cards that align with their lesson objectives" (pp. 32–33).
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Leite, Walter L.; Svinicki, Marilla; Shi, Yuying (2010). "Attempted
Validation of the Scores of the VARK: Learning Styles Inventory with Multitrait–Multimethod Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models".
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Tactile learning utilizes students' sense of touch to explore and understand their surroundings, emphasizing sensory experiences for cognitive growth, allowing direct interaction and manipulation.
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in 1983. In this book, Gardner describes activities such as dancing and performing surgeries as requiring great kinesthetic intelligence: using the body to create (or do) something.
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wrote and spoke about kinesthetic learning during the 1940s, defining kinesthetic learning as the human body's ability to express itself through movement and dance.
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Reese, Valerie L.; Dunn, Rita (2007). "Learning-Style
Preferences of a Diverse Freshmen Population in a Large, Private, Metropolitan University by Gender and GPA".
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Before involving the students in the activity, the consequences of the task going out of control has to be clearly explained.
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learning such as on-the-job training, work experience, internships, simulations and so forth (Kte'pi, 2016).
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The
Importance of Learning Styles: Understanding the Implications for Learning, Course Design, and Education
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that purportedly motivate students who prefer this learning involve unmotivated students during activities:
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Kinesthetic intelligence, which was originally coupled with tactile abilities, was defined and discussed in
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Cooperative activities can be organized and positive feedback can be given to encourage the participants
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There are three parts of the brain that are the most important to kinesthetic and skill learning. The
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Denig, Stephen J. (2004). "Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles: Two Complementary Dimensions".
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Activities chosen should encourage all the students to succeed and feel that have accomplished
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Students should be provided with option to choose activities for learning a particular concept
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than Traditional teaching, was a more effective instructional strategy for these students."
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Learners with kinesthetic preferences believe that they learn through active movements and
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Some strategies are claimed to be effective in managing hyper motivated students are:
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all play equally important roles in the ability to learn new skills and master them.
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Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning: A systematic and critical review
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An Analysis of Kinesthetic Learners' Responses: Teaching Mathematics Through Dance
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Richards, AJ (2019). "Teaching Mechanics Using Kinesthetic Learning Activities".
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Grades can be allotted depending on the participation by using score rubrics
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Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice
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Appropriate and accurate directions have to be given for any activity
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Encourage the students to organize body movement during activities
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The Kinesthetic Classroom: Teaching and Learning Through Movement
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Every student has to be given equal opportunity to participate
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Bransford, John; Brown, Ann L.; Cocking, Rodney R. (1999).
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Foundational Concepts in Neuroscience: A Brain-mind Odyssey
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The kinesthetic learners who have memories associated with
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Incidence and description of different learning styles
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identified as kinesthetic learning as their preferred
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Frames Of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences
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296:, and charades. This kind of learning leads to a
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701:(Ph.D.). Washington, D.C.: American University.
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368:Motivate the students by giving attention and
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924:"10 Signs You Might Be A Kinesthetic Learner"
300:since it is associated with emotions such as
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980:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
811:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 53–.
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952:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company Ltd.
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758:"Kinaesthetic learning or Tactile learning"
630:Learning and Memory: From Brain to Behavior
284:learning can be facilitated through dance,
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805:Ronald R. Sims; Serbrenia J. Sims (1995).
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421:Kinesthetic learners in the classroom
357:ensures involvement of the learners.
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1021:Overview of range of learning styles
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784:. Sage Publications. pp. 113–.
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563:Kte'pi, B. M. (2016). "VARK model".
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410:Regular monitoring of the students
171:used the term in his textbook for
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34:needs additional citations for
16:Learning by physical activities
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632:. New York: Worth Publishers.
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539:10.2190/N836-888L-2311-2374
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426:field trips and projects.
177:Creative and Mental Growth
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668:10.3200/TCHS.82.3.135-140
455:Brain substrates involved
261:Laboratory demonstrations
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3426:Turks and Caicos Islands
2507:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2103:Central African Republic
592:10.1177/0013164409344507
565:Salem Press Encyclopedia
3579:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2768:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
732:Teachers College Record
3356:British Virgin Islands
2870:Bosnia and Herzegovina
434:games" (p. 108).
193:Fleming VAK/VARK model
128:(British English), or
58:"Kinesthetic learning"
3557:and other territories
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2263:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2123:Republic of the Congo
838:. Sage Publications.
337:. Activities such as
329:Management strategies
320:Kinds of skill memory
126:kinaesthetic learning
3445:Education in Oceania
2821:Education in Europe
2682:United Arab Emirates
2049:Education in Africa
1272:Instructional design
217:Kinesthetic learning
124:(American English),
122:Kinesthetic learning
43:improve this article
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3206:Antigua and Barbuda
3086:States with limited
2709:limited recognition
2338:States with limited
2037:Education by region
1763:Secondary education
1675:Teaching philosophy
1578:Pedagogical pattern
1521:21st century skills
1500:Religious education
1143:Aims and objectives
893:2019PhTea..57...35R
881:The Physics Teacher
389:through an activity
214:Read/write learning
3777:Schools portal
3246:Dominican Republic
2441:Education in Asia
1768:Tertiary education
1706:Learning resources
1197:Education sciences
1051:2012-01-06 at the
656:The Clearing House
628:Gluck, M. (2014).
242:Kinesthetic memory
163:Margaret H'Doubler
3806:
3805:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3728:other territories
3637:
3636:
3629:Wallis and Futuna
3574:Clipperton Island
3532:Associated states
3439:
3438:
3328:other territories
3187:
3186:
2814:
2813:
2751:other territories
2434:
2433:
2365:other territories
2138:Equatorial Guinea
2027:
2026:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1758:Primary education
1729:
1728:
1618:Dialogic learning
1588:Teacher retention
1541:Critical thinking
1536:Class arrangement
1505:Special education
1180:Standardized test
1163:Course evaluation
995:978-0-309-06557-3
959:978-0-393-70960-5
901:10.1119/1.5084926
845:978-1-4522-7120-0
818:978-0-313-29278-1
791:978-1-4522-9504-6
639:978-0-7167-8654-2
489:short-term memory
210:Auditory learning
200:Hands-on learning
119:
118:
111:
93:
3836:
3824:Learning methods
3796:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3748:
3736:Falkland Islands
3650:Sovereign states
3639:
3638:
3619:Pitcairn Islands
3589:French Polynesia
3569:Christmas Island
3498:Papua New Guinea
3478:Marshall Islands
3451:Sovereign states
3441:
3440:
3396:Saint Barthélemy
3326:Dependencies and
3199:Sovereign states
3189:
3188:
3124:Dependencies and
2828:Sovereign states
2816:
2815:
2804:
2794:
2793:
2763:Christmas Island
2449:Sovereign states
2436:
2435:
2426:
2425:(United Kingdom)
2421:Tristan da Cunha
2417:Ascension Island
2409:
2396:
2387:
2363:Dependencies and
2056:Sovereign states
2044:
2043:
2033:
2032:
2016:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1934:Higher education
1930:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1875:Secondary school
1871:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1749:
1748:
1735:
1734:
1663:Student-centered
1648:Phenomenon-based
1638:Peer instruction
1603:Blended learning
1526:Bloom's taxonomy
1490:Gifted education
1485:Education reform
1317:Computer science
1098:
1097:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1060:
1059:
1008:
1007:
978:How People Learn
973:
964:
963:
945:
932:
931:
919:
913:
912:
876:
870:
869:
856:
850:
849:
829:
823:
822:
802:
796:
795:
775:
769:
768:
766:
764:
754:
748:
747:
727:
721:
720:
710:
694:
688:
687:
650:
644:
643:
625:
604:
603:
575:
569:
568:
560:
551:
550:
522:
493:long-term memory
298:long-term memory
169:Viktor Lowenfeld
130:tactile learning
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3771:
3769:
3752:
3746:
3729:
3727:
3717:
3644:
3633:
3556:
3550:
3533:
3527:
3508:Solomon Islands
3446:
3435:
3329:
3327:
3320:
3194:
3183:
3167:
3125:
3119:
3105:Northern Cyprus
3087:
3081:
3002:North Macedonia
2823:
2810:
2782:
2750:
2741:
2722:Northern Cyprus
2708:
2701:
2443:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2407:
2394:
2385:
2366:
2364:
2357:
2341:
2339:
2332:
2051:
2038:
2023:
2022:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1977:
1970:
1948:
1936:
1917:
1908:
1900:
1895:
1877:
1858:
1849:
1841:
1836:
1820:
1801:
1793:
1786:
1742:
1725:
1679:
1598:Active learning
1593:Teaching method
1568:Learning theory
1509:
1475:Autodidacticism
1470:Adult education
1456:
1397:Performing arts
1278:
1185:Teacher quality
1175:Standards-based
1131:
1103:
1092:
1087:
1053:Wayback Machine
1017:
1012:
1011:
996:
974:
967:
960:
946:
935:
920:
916:
877:
873:
857:
853:
846:
830:
826:
819:
803:
799:
792:
776:
772:
762:
760:
756:
755:
751:
728:
724:
695:
691:
651:
647:
640:
626:
607:
576:
572:
561:
554:
523:
514:
509:
465:cerebral cortex
457:
448:
423:
331:
322:
246:Depending upon
244:
228:
205:Visual learning
185:
147:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3842:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3790:
3780:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3609:Norfolk Island
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3564:American Samoa
3560:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3534:of New Zealand
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3416:Sint Eustatius
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3361:Cayman Islands
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3332:
3330:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3179:European Union
3175:
3173:
3172:Other entities
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3126:other entities
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3077:United Kingdom
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2890:Czech Republic
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2410:
2397:
2388:
2374:Canary Islands
2370:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2040:
2039:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1962:
1955:
1954:
1943:
1938:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1887:
1880:
1879:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1830:
1823:
1822:
1818:Primary school
1812:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1778:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1531:Cognitive load
1528:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1202:Evidence-based
1199:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1136:By perspective
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1016:
1015:External links
1013:
1010:
1009:
994:
965:
958:
933:
914:
871:
851:
844:
824:
817:
797:
790:
770:
749:
722:
689:
662:(3): 135–140.
645:
638:
605:
586:(2): 323–339.
570:
552:
511:
510:
508:
505:
456:
453:
447:
444:
422:
419:
418:
417:
414:
411:
408:
401:
400:
393:
390:
383:
380:
377:
330:
327:
321:
318:
314:disappointment
278:
277:
272:
267:
262:
259:
248:memory systems
243:
240:
227:
226:Classification
224:
219:
218:
215:
212:
207:
202:
184:
183:The VARK model
181:
151:Howard Gardner
146:
143:
139:learning style
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3841:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
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3817:
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3799:
3791:
3789:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3741:French Guiana
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3725:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
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3647:
3640:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:New Caledonia
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3584:Easter Island
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3542:
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3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
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3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
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3392:
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3369:
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3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
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3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3323:
3317:
3316:United States
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
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3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3138:Faroe Islands
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3110:South Ossetia
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2962:Liechtenstein
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
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2861:
2858:
2856:
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2846:
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2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2732:South Ossetia
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
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2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
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2660:
2658:
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2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
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60: –
59:
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54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3768:
3724:Dependencies
3555:Dependencies
3541:Cook Islands
3421:Sint Maarten
3401:Saint Martin
3115:Transnistria
2747:Dependencies
2677:Turkmenistan
2642:Saudi Arabia
2413:Saint Helena
2384:
2288:South Africa
2278:Sierra Leone
2083:Burkina Faso
1975:Postgraduate
1791:Kindergarten
1643:Personalized
1623:Experiential
1583:Teacher look
1292:Agricultural
1148:Anthropology
977:
949:
927:
917:
887:(1): 35–38.
884:
880:
874:
865:
861:
854:
834:
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800:
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761:. Retrieved
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99:January 2016
96:
86:
79:
72:
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53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3798:WikiProject
3488:New Zealand
3391:Puerto Rico
3301:Saint Lucia
3251:El Salvador
3153:Isle of Man
3088:recognition
3062:Switzerland
2997:Netherlands
2806:Asia portal
2707:States with
2627:Philippines
2567:South Korea
2562:North Korea
2457:Afghanistan
2340:recognition
2293:South Sudan
2183:Ivory Coast
1899:High school
1696:Definitions
1573:Lesson plan
1462:Alternative
1367:Mathematics
1337:Engineering
868:(2): 24–40.
335:experiences
3813:Categories
3386:Montserrat
3381:Martinique
3376:Guadeloupe
3231:Costa Rica
3032:San Marino
2992:Montenegro
2972:Luxembourg
2952:Kazakhstan
2855:Azerbaijan
2687:Uzbekistan
2662:Tajikistan
2577:Kyrgyzstan
2557:Kazakhstan
2477:Bangladesh
2467:Azerbaijan
2395:(Portugal)
2353:Somaliland
2273:Seychelles
2238:Mozambique
2223:Mauritania
2208:Madagascar
2163:The Gambia
2098:Cape Verde
1951:Continuing
1941:Vocational
1546:Curriculum
1480:Democratic
1452:Vocational
1442:Technology
1402:Philosophy
1284:By subject
1262:Technology
1242:Psychology
1227:Philosophy
1217:Leadership
1158:Evaluation
1153:Assessment
928:StudyRight
738:: 96–111.
533:: 95–112.
507:References
483:(PET) and
469:cerebellum
467:, and the
399:in a class
374:punishment
362:strategies
302:excitement
270:Gymnastics
69:newspapers
3713:Venezuela
3658:Argentina
3458:Australia
3371:Greenland
3286:Nicaragua
3261:Guatemala
3143:Gibraltar
2967:Lithuania
2773:Hong Kong
2727:Palestine
2652:Sri Lanka
2647:Singapore
2527:Indonesia
2228:Mauritius
1784:Preschool
1684:Wikimedia
1422:Religious
1347:Euthenics
1332:Economics
1312:Chemistry
1302:Bilingual
1257:Sociology
1212:Inclusion
1192:Economics
1090:Education
1004:235510978
909:125222905
600:144889213
547:144555524
355:designing
306:curiosity
294:role-play
3819:Pedagogy
3788:Category
3703:Suriname
3693:Paraguay
3678:Colombia
3473:Kiribati
3336:Anguilla
3271:Honduras
3241:Dominica
3216:Barbados
3163:Svalbard
3148:Guernsey
3095:Abkhazia
3047:Slovenia
3042:Slovakia
3017:Portugal
2875:Bulgaria
2796:Category
2717:Abkhazia
2667:Thailand
2622:Pakistan
2602:Mongolia
2597:Maldives
2592:Malaysia
2492:Cambodia
2419: /
2415: /
2408:(France)
2402: /
2380: /
2376: /
2328:Zimbabwe
2303:Tanzania
2153:Ethiopia
2148:Eswatini
2128:Djibouti
2093:Cameroon
2078:Botswana
1668:Socratic
1628:Feedback
1514:Concepts
1407:Physical
1377:Military
1357:Language
1307:Business
1247:Research
1237:Politics
1222:Pedagogy
1117:Glossary
1102:Overview
1049:Archived
763:29 April
717:53310646
684:36558213
676:30181095
397:teamwork
387:learning
372:, avoid
343:puppetry
282:emotions
275:Charades
134:learning
3708:Uruguay
3683:Ecuador
3663:Bolivia
3624:Tokelau
3523:Vanuatu
3366:Curaçao
3351:Bonaire
3346:Bermuda
3276:Jamaica
3256:Grenada
3211:Bahamas
3072:Ukraine
3022:Romania
2982:Moldova
2940:Ireland
2935:Iceland
2930:Hungary
2920:Germany
2915:Georgia
2905:Finland
2900:Estonia
2895:Denmark
2880:Croatia
2865:Belgium
2860:Belarus
2850:Austria
2845:Armenia
2840:Andorra
2835:Albania
2692:Vietnam
2607:Myanmar
2587:Lebanon
2517:Georgia
2472:Bahrain
2462:Armenia
2404:RĂ©union
2400:Mayotte
2391:Madeira
2386:(Spain)
2382:Melilla
2313:Tunisia
2283:Somalia
2268:Senegal
2253:Nigeria
2243:Namibia
2233:Morocco
2198:Liberia
2193:Lesotho
2143:Eritrea
2113:Comoros
2088:Burundi
2063:Algeria
1971:→
1946:Further
1901:→
1896:→
1878:→
1842:→
1837:→
1821:→
1794:→
1787:→
1633:Passive
1556:Studies
1437:Teacher
1427:Science
1417:Reading
1412:Physics
1387:Nursing
1372:Medical
1207:History
1127:Outline
1109:General
889:Bibcode
339:playing
145:History
83:scholar
3688:Guyana
3668:Brazil
3599:Hawaii
3518:Tuvalu
3291:Panama
3281:Mexico
3226:Canada
3221:Belize
3158:Jersey
3100:Kosovo
3067:Turkey
3057:Sweden
3037:Serbia
3027:Russia
3012:Poland
3007:Norway
2987:Monaco
2957:Latvia
2925:Greece
2910:France
2885:Cyprus
2737:Taiwan
2672:Turkey
2637:Russia
2572:Kuwait
2552:Jordan
2542:Israel
2502:Cyprus
2487:Brunei
2482:Bhutan
2423:
2406:
2393:
2323:Zambia
2318:Uganda
2258:Rwanda
2213:Malawi
2173:Guinea
2068:Angola
2018:Portal
1978:
1937:
1840:Junior
1835:Infant
1740:Stages
1716:Quotes
1701:Images
1561:Theory
1551:Hidden
1447:Values
1352:Health
1327:Design
1252:Rights
1232:Policy
1002:
992:
956:
907:
842:
815:
788:
715:
682:
674:
636:
598:
545:
370:reward
351:acting
286:debate
265:Sports
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3673:Chile
3513:Tonga
3503:Samoa
3493:Palau
3483:Nauru
3341:Aruba
3266:Haiti
3133:Ă…land
3052:Spain
2977:Malta
2947:Italy
2778:Macau
2697:Yemen
2657:Syria
2632:Qatar
2612:Nepal
2547:Japan
2522:India
2512:Egypt
2497:China
2378:Ceuta
2298:Sudan
2248:Niger
2203:Libya
2188:Kenya
2168:Ghana
2158:Gabon
2133:Egypt
2073:Benin
1721:Texts
1691:Books
1392:Peace
1382:Music
1362:Legal
1322:Death
1122:Index
1000:S2CID
905:S2CID
680:S2CID
672:JSTOR
596:S2CID
543:S2CID
360:Some
347:drama
310:anger
290:drama
256:Dance
90:JSTOR
76:books
3698:Peru
3594:Guam
3546:Niue
3468:Fiji
3411:Saba
3236:Cuba
2617:Oman
2582:Laos
2537:Iraq
2532:Iran
2308:Togo
2218:Mali
2108:Chad
1711:News
990:ISBN
954:ISBN
840:ISBN
813:ISBN
786:ISBN
765:2023
713:OCLC
634:ISBN
353:and
191:The
62:news
3726:and
2749:and
1432:Sex
1297:Art
982:doi
897:doi
740:doi
736:106
703:hdl
664:doi
588:doi
535:doi
153:'s
132:is
45:by
3815::
998:.
988:.
968:^
936:^
926:.
903:.
895:.
885:57
883:.
866:10
864:.
734:.
711:.
678:.
670:.
660:82
658:.
608:^
594:.
584:70
582:.
555:^
541:.
529:.
515:^
463:,
349:,
345:,
341:,
312:,
308:,
304:,
292:,
288:,
179:.
175:,
141:.
1953:)
1949:(
1082:e
1075:t
1068:v
1006:.
984::
962:.
930:.
911:.
899::
891::
848:.
821:.
794:.
767:.
746:.
742::
719:.
705::
686:.
666::
642:.
602:.
590::
567:.
549:.
537::
531:9
376:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
