3574:
3586:
528:
1323:
49:
3598:
1017:
1076:
1856:
3550:
3526:
3562:
3538:
1812:
1318:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\mathrm {SD} &={\frac {\mathrm {ES} }{\tan 1''}}\\&={\frac {\mathrm {ES} }{\tan \left({\frac {1}{60\times 60}}\times {\frac {\pi }{180}}\right)}}\\&\approx {\frac {1\,\mathrm {au} }{{\frac {1}{60\times 60}}\times {\frac {\pi }{180}}}}={\frac {648\,000}{\pi }}\,\mathrm {au} \approx 206\,264.81~\mathrm {au} .\end{aligned}}}
889:
2243:
To determine the number of stars in the Milky Way, volumes in cubic kiloparsecs (kpc) are selected in various directions. All the stars in these volumes are counted and the total number of stars statistically determined. The number of globular clusters, dust clouds, and interstellar gas is determined
511:
is to record the difference in angle between two measurements of the position of the star in the sky. The first measurement is taken from the Earth on one side of the Sun, and the second is taken approximately half a year later, when the Earth is on the opposite side of the Sun. The distance between
547:
of the Earth's orbit. Substituting the star's parallax for the one arcsecond angle in the imaginary right triangle, the long leg of the triangle will measure the distance from the Sun to the star. A parsec can be defined as the length of the right triangle side adjacent to the vertex occupied by a
2259:, volumes of cubic gigaparsecs (Gpc) are selected to determine the distribution of matter in the visible universe and to determine the number of galaxies and quasars. The Sun is currently the only star in its cubic parsec, (pc) but in globular clusters the stellar density could be from
512:
the two positions of the Earth when the two measurements were taken is twice the distance between the Earth and the Sun. The difference in angle between the two measurements is twice the parallax angle, which is formed by lines from the Sun and Earth to the star at the distant
1002:
1542:
1676:
distant. This is because the Earth's atmosphere limits the sharpness of a star's image. Space-based telescopes are not limited by this effect and can accurately measure distances to objects beyond the limit of ground-based observations. Between 1989 and 1993, the
756:
2385:
Terrestrial observations of a star's position should be taken when the Earth is at the furthest points in its orbit from a line between the Sun and the star, in order to form a right angle at the Sun and a full au of separation as viewed from the
697:
899:
2298:"made the Kessel Run in less than 12 parsecs", originally with the intention of presenting Solo as "something of a bull artist who didn't always know precisely what he was talking about". The claim was repeated in
1481:
555:
of the parallax angle in arcseconds (i.e.: if the parallax angle is 1 arcsecond, the object is 1 pc from the Sun; if the parallax angle is 0.5 arcseconds, the object is 2 pc away; etc.). No
1632:. As the astronomical unit was defined by the IAU (2012) as an exact length in metres, so now the parsec corresponds to an exact length in metres. To the nearest meter, the small-angle parsec corresponds to
747:
516:. Then the distance to the star could be calculated using trigonometry. The first successful published direct measurements of an object at interstellar distances were undertaken by German astronomer
1081:
2248:, volumes in cubic megaparsecs (Mpc) are selected. All the galaxies in these volumes are classified and tallied. The total number of galaxies can then be determined statistically. The huge
2320:
traveled a shorter distance (as opposed to a quicker time) due to a more dangerous route through the Kessel Run, enabled by its speed and maneuverability. It is also used incorrectly in
3075:
Mei, S.; Blakeslee, J. P.; Côté, P.; et al. (2007). "The ACS Virgo
Cluster Survey. XIII. SBF Distance Catalog and the Three-dimensional Structure of the Virgo Cluster".
448: metres (based on the IAU 2012 definition of the astronomical unit). This corresponds to the small-angle definition of the parsec found in many astronomical references.
2879:
The XXVIII General
Assembly of the International Astronomical Union recommends that the astronomical unit be redefined to be a conventional unit of length equal to exactly
884:{\displaystyle \pi ~\mathrm {pc} =180\times 60\times 60~\mathrm {au} =180\times 60\times 60\times 149\,597\,870\,700~\mathrm {m} =96\,939\,420\,213\,600\,000~\mathrm {m} }
3129:
3358:
2940:
2738:
634:
1924:. A distance of 1,000 parsecs (3,262 ly) is denoted by the kiloparsec (kpc). Astronomers typically use kiloparsecs to express distances between parts of a
358:
in 1913 to simplify astronomers' calculations of astronomical distances from only raw observational data. Partly for this reason, it is the unit preferred in
2610:
2016:
in megaparsecs (Mpc). A megaparsec is one million parsecs, or about 3,260,000 light years. Sometimes, galactic distances are given in units of Mpc/
551:
The use of the parsec as a unit of distance follows naturally from Bessel's method, because the distance in parsecs can be computed simply as the
3351:
3049:
2345:
3623:
3344:
3179:
Kirshner, R. P.; Oemler, A. Jr.; Schechter, P. L.; Shectman, S. A. (1981). "A million cubic megaparsec void in Bootes".
1461:
A corollary states that a parsec is also the distance from which a disc that is one au in diameter must be viewed for it to have an
3222:
3292:
2220:
2216:
1620:
astronomical units) corresponds exactly to that derived using the small-angle calculation. This differs from the classic inverse-
1476:
Mathematically, to calculate distance, given obtained angular measurements from instruments in arcseconds, the formula would be:
997:{\displaystyle 1~\mathrm {pc} ={\frac {96\,939\,420\,213\,600\,000}{\pi }}~\mathrm {m} =30\,856\,775\,814\,913\,673~\mathrm {m} }
704:
1982:
is more than 8 kiloparsecs (26,000 ly) from the Earth and the Milky Way is roughly 34 kiloparsecs (110,000 ly) across.
3157:
1939:, the nearest known star to Earth other than the Sun, is about 1.3 parsecs (4.24 ly) away by direct parallax measurement.
2722:
2157:
62:
3266:
1537:{\displaystyle {\text{Distance}}_{\text{star}}={\frac {{\text{Distance}}_{\text{earth-sun}}}{\tan {\frac {\theta }{3600}}}}}
2161:
2922:
The XXIX General
Assembly of the International Astronomical Union notes that the parsec is defined as exactly (648 000/
2689:
1903:
2538:"Astrometric Stability and Precision of Fine Guidance Sensor #3: The Parallax and Proper Motion of Proxima Centauri"
1885:
3023:
2917:
2874:
1752:
Distances expressed in fractions of a parsec usually involve objects within a single star system. So, for example:
560:
are required in this relationship because the very small angles involved mean that the approximate solution of the
398:
3573:
3628:
1881:
76:
2274:) is stated in terms of cubic megaparsecs (Mpc) and is essentially the value of the effective distance cubed.
2149:
2576:
2537:
2036:
172:
137:
3498:
3382:
2300:
2129:
198:
2955:
2754:
1736:
3516:
543:
as Earth orbits the Sun. Equivalently, it is the subtended angle, from that star's perspective, of the
17:
2660:, which may be taken as an abbreviated form of "a distance corresponding to a parallax of one second".
1916:
Distances expressed in parsecs (pc) include distances between nearby stars, such as those in the same
339:
are within a few hundred parsecs of the Sun, with the most distant at a few thousand parsecs, and the
2784:
1719:, which launched on 19 December 2013, is intended to measure one billion stellar distances to within
1562:
10 ly). The calculated stellar distance will be in the same measurement unit as used in
Distance
2907:"RESOLUTION B2 on recommended zero points for the absolute and apparent bolometric magnitude scales"
2742:
401:(IAU) passed Resolution B2 which, as part of the definition of a standardized absolute and apparent
3638:
3618:
3329:
2775:
1989:
1866:
517:
3053:
2310:
2202:
1877:
1870:
1824:
1067:
is a point in space at a distance of one parsec from the Sun. Through trigonometry, the distance
513:
31:
3493:
2515:
1816:
1661:
557:
552:
265:
3241:
2737:
3009:
3005:
2370:
1684:
578:
expressed his concern for the need of a name for that unit of distance. He proposed the name
3300:
2906:
2863:
692:{\displaystyle {\frac {1{\text{ pc}}}{1{\text{ au}}}}={\frac {180\times 60\times 60}{\pi }}}
3188:
3141:
3094:
2834:
2793:
2710:
2677:
2619:
2271:
402:
2925:
504:. The distance from Earth whereupon the radius of its solar orbit subtends one arcsecond.
8:
3503:
3395:
2653:
2231:
2153:
2125:
593:
355:
249:
54:
3192:
3145:
3098:
2991:
2838:
2797:
2714:
2681:
2623:
1016:
3590:
3566:
3554:
3110:
3084:
2601:
2256:
1629:
575:
374:
texts and common usage. Although parsecs are used for the shorter distances within the
3153:
2969:
3633:
3585:
3440:
3204:
2718:
2685:
2332:
2316:
2294:
1820:
467:
378:, multiples of parsecs are required for the larger scales in the universe, including
319:: from that distance, the gap between the Earth and the Sun spans slightly less than
261:
215:
3336:
3114:
3530:
3196:
3149:
3102:
2842:
2801:
2627:
2350:
2227:
2180:
1996:
1936:
1921:
1462:
572:
540:
536:
457:
340:
312:
1756:
One astronomical unit (au), the distance from the Sun to the Earth, is just under
2322:
2213:
2165:
2048:
1975:
1724:
561:
371:
336:
284:
3317:
2566:
3602:
3578:
3367:
2825:
2638:
Taking the unit of distance R* to be that corresponding to a parallax of 1″·0
2187:
2100:
2013:
2000:
1701:
1060:
544:
463:
308:
245:
168:
2847:
2820:
2606:"The distribution in space of the stars in Carrington's Circumpolar Catalogue"
2249:
2012:
Astronomers typically express the distances between neighbouring galaxies and
624:) ≈ 206,264.8 au by definition. Converting from degree/minute/second units to
3612:
3208:
2805:
2641:
2632:
2605:
2413:
2191:
2132:
commonly used. One gigaparsec is about 3.26 billion ly, or roughly
1732:
583:
507:
One of the oldest methods used by astronomers to calculate the distance to a
133:
382:
parsecs (kpc) for the more distant objects within and around the Milky Way,
3542:
3421:
3415:
2245:
1943:
1929:
1713:
501:
363:
280:
253:
1705:, and obtained accurate measurements for stellar distances of stars up to
405:
scale, mentioned an existing explicit definition of the parsec as exactly
48:
3325:
3089:
1768:
351:
2648:, but if the violence to the Greek language can be overlooked, the word
520:
in 1838, who used this approach to calculate the 3.5-parsec distance of
3476:
3470:
3464:
3452:
2864:"RESOLUTION B2 on the re-definition of the astronomical unit of length"
2288:
2223:
in the universe, is about 3 Gpc (9.8 billion ly) across.
2198:
2003:) is about 780 kpc (2.5 million ly) away from the Earth.
1985:
1917:
1838:
1828:
1797:
1695:
1431:
588:
367:
257:
227:
158:
3597:
2266:
The observational volume of gravitational wave interferometers (e.g.,
1031:
the Earth at one point in its orbit (such as to form a right angle at
3446:
3434:
3371:
3050:"Galaxy structures: the large scale structure of the nearby universe"
2206:
1979:
1967:
1773:
1679:
1665:
1402:
483:
479:
375:
359:
354:
of "parallax of one second" and was coined by the
British astronomer
288:
268:
2782:[Determination of the distance of the 61st star of Cygnus].
2779:
2209:'s, is about 200 Mpc (650 million ly) from the Earth.
1855:
1841:) long (the jet is somewhat foreshortened from Earth's perspective).
3200:
3106:
2571:
2283:
2079:
2078:. The Hubble constant becomes relevant when converting an observed
1946:
1831:
1805:
521:
276:
93:
58:
3223:"'Solo' Corrected One of the Most Infamous 'Star Wars' Plot Holes"
2194:, is about 16.5 Mpc (54 million ly) from the Earth.
2183:
is about 0.78 Mpc (2.5 million ly) from the Earth.
2160:). Astronomers typically use gigaparsecs to express the sizes of
1621:
625:
2904:
2861:
3267:"In "A Wrinkle in Time," what is Mr. Murry's nickname for Meg?"
3178:
2893:, in agreement with the value adopted in IAU 2009 Resolution B2
2645:
2305:
2169:
1925:
500:
leg. The value of a parsec can be derived through the rules of
391:
89:
3242:"'Star Wars' Gets the Parsec Wrong Again in 'The Mandalorian'"
2234:) has a radius of about 14 Gpc (46 billion ly).
1992:, has a diameter of 540.9 kpc (1.8 million ly).
2336:, "Megaparsec" is Mr. Murry's nickname for his daughter Meg.
2244:
in a similar fashion. To determine the number of galaxies in
2168:; the distances between galaxy clusters; and the distance to
1340:
1005:
527:
471:
387:
383:
379:
152:
2282:
The parsec was used incorrectly as a measurement of time by
1660:
The parallax method is the fundamental calibration step for
571:
was first mentioned in an astronomical publication in 1913.
2750:
2709:(2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
2267:
1420:
742:{\displaystyle 1{\text{ au}}=149\,597\,870\,700{\text{ m}}}
508:
272:
187:
3537:
2640:* There is need for a name for this unit of distance. Mr.
1811:
3128:
Lineweaver, Charles H.; Davis, Tamara M. (1 March 2005).
2818:
2780:"Bestimmung der Entfernung des 61sten Sterns des Schwans"
2373:, ie. 10 (one million million, or billion in long scale).
1723:
s, producing errors of 10% in measurements as far as the
1594:
496:
of a degree), the parsec is defined as the length of the
475:
316:
2905:
2862:
2739:
3514:
3366:
2928:
1484:
1079:
902:
759:
707:
637:
3299:. University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Archived from
2942:) au per the AU definition in IAU 2012 Resolution B2
603:
1668:measurements of parallax angle is limited to about
3172:
2934:
1536:
1317:
996:
883:
741:
691:
315:, is about 1.3 parsecs (4.2 light-years) from the
2611:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1837:and is thought to be 1.5 kiloparsecs (4,892
535:The parallax of a star is defined as half of the
466:in space, where the shorter leg measures one au (
3610:
3074:
2676:(4th ed.). New York: AIP Press / Springer.
3127:
2047:reflecting the uncertainty in the value of the
1747:
1327:Because the astronomical unit is defined to be
283:, and is defined as the distance at which 1 AU
2704:
2007:
567:Though it may have been used before, the term
3352:
3297:Astronomy 162: Stars, Galaxies, and Cosmology
1550:is the measured angle in arcseconds, Distance
1465:of one arcsecond (by placing the observer at
482:of the vertex opposite that leg measures one
386:parsecs (Mpc) for mid-distance galaxies, and
275:). The parsec unit is obtained by the use of
548:star whose parallax angle is one arcsecond.
539:that a star appears to move relative to the
531:Stellar parallax motion from annual parallax
53:A parsec is the distance from the Sun to an
2731:
2545:Proceedings of the HST Calibration Workshop
2054:for the rate of expansion of the universe:
1884:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3359:
3345:
2164:such as the size of, and distance to, the
1845:
47:
3088:
2846:
2749:. Astrophysics Science Division (ASD) at
2631:
1904:Learn how and when to remove this message
1293:
1278:
1268:
1214:
1039:is one astronomical unit (au). The angle
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
835:
831:
827:
730:
726:
722:
451:
2970:"The Hipparcos Space Astrometry Mission"
2516:"Cosmic Distance Scales – The Milky Way"
1810:
1664:; however, the accuracy of ground-based
1655:
749:(exact by the 2012 definition of the au)
526:
2705:Binney, James; Tremaine, Scott (2008).
2596:
2594:
2381:
2379:
2363:
1742:
600:. It was Turner's proposal that stuck.
248:used to measure the large distances to
14:
3611:
3315:
2774:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
1662:distance determination in astrophysics
1349:
616:at the center of the circle of radius
3340:
2600:
2277:
2158:cosmic microwave background radiation
1785:from Earth as of February 2024.
1687:(ESA), measured parallaxes for about
1578:is in astronomical units; if Distance
1023:In the diagram above (not to scale),
3239:
2819:B. Luque; F. J. Ballesteros (2019).
2591:
2535:
2376:
2292:film, when he claimed his ship, the
1882:adding citations to reliable sources
1849:
3130:"Misconceptions about the Big Bang"
3024:"Why is a parsec 3.26 light-years?"
2671:
2389:
2217:Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall
1344:, the following can be calculated:
612:of arc length subtends an angle of
24:
3290:
2536:Benedict, G. F.; et al.
2252:is measured in cubic megaparsecs.
1304:
1301:
1283:
1280:
1219:
1216:
1143:
1140:
1105:
1102:
1088:
1085:
990:
956:
913:
910:
877:
843:
799:
796:
770:
767:
25:
3650:
3624:Units of measurement in astronomy
3284:
3240:Choi, Charlse (5 November 2019).
3154:10.1038/scientificamerican0305-36
2989:
2953:
1800:is estimated to be approximately
1672:, and thus to stars no more than
1593:The length of the parsec used in
604:Calculating the value of a parsec
3596:
3584:
3572:
3560:
3548:
3536:
3524:
2918:International Astronomical Union
2875:International Astronomical Union
2674:Allen's Astrophysical Quantities
1854:
1015:
399:International Astronomical Union
27:Unit of length used in astronomy
3259:
3233:
3215:
3121:
3068:
3042:
3016:
2998:
2983:
2962:
2947:
2898:
2855:
2812:
2768:
2743:"Deriving the Parallax Formula"
2238:
891:(exact by the 2015 definition)
394:and the most distant galaxies.
3293:"Astronomical Distance Scales"
2992:"From Hipparchus to Hipparcos"
2821:"Title: To the Sun and beyond"
2698:
2665:
2559:
2529:
2508:
337:stars visible to the naked eye
256:, approximately equal to 3.26
13:
1:
2577:University of Texas at Austin
2501:
2128:parsecs — one of the largest
2037:dimensionless Hubble constant
1586:10 ly, unit for Distance
3499:Orders of magnitude (length)
3383:Astronomical system of units
2747:NASA's Imagine the Universe!
2672:Cox, Arthur N., ed. (2000).
2652:might be adopted. Professor
1748:Distances less than a parsec
1628:, i.e.: only after the 11th
1597:2015 Resolution B2 (exactly
335:of one degree of view. Most
7:
2755:Goddard Space Flight Center
2339:
2008:Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs
1683:satellite, launched by the
620:. That is, 1 pc = 1 au/tan(
428: au, or approximately
10:
3655:
2024: Mpc", also written "
1071:is calculated as follows:
455:
29:
3486:
3391:
3378:
3181:The Astrophysical Journal
3077:The Astrophysical Journal
2848:10.1038/s41567-019-0685-3
2785:Astronomische Nachrichten
1932:. So, for example :
343:at over 700,000 parsecs.
194:
164:
129:
125:
107:
99:
85:
75:
70:
46:
41:
3330:University of Nottingham
2958:. Ohio State University.
2806:10.1002/asna.18390160502
2356:
2124:One gigaparsec (Gpc) is
1027:represents the Sun, and
608:By the 2015 definition,
518:Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
2311:Solo: A Star Wars Story
2221:largest known structure
2203:supermassive black hole
2148:of the distance to the
1846:Parsecs and kiloparsecs
1825:active galactic nucleus
1793:to cover that distance.
558:trigonometric functions
462:Imagining an elongated
390:parsecs (Gpc) for many
32:Parsec (disambiguation)
3494:Cosmic distance ladder
2936:
2633:10.1093/mnras/73.5.334
2162:large-scale structures
1990:largest known galaxies
1842:
1817:Hubble Space Telescope
1721:20 microarcsecond
1538:
1319:
998:
885:
743:
693:
532:
452:History and derivation
157: ~31
3629:Concepts in astronomy
3316:Merrifield, Michael.
3010:European Space Agency
2937:
2369:One trillion here is
2230:(the boundary of the
2201:, observed to have a
1971:parallax measurement.
1814:
1685:European Space Agency
1656:Usage and measurement
1539:
1320:
1035:). Thus the distance
999:
886:
744:
694:
582:, but mentioned that
530:
370:remains prominent in
311:). The nearest star,
264:(AU), i.e. 30.9
2935:{\displaystyle \pi }
2926:
2205:core similar to the
2035:is a constant (the "
1942:The distance to the
1878:improve this section
1743:Distances in parsecs
1624:definition by about
1590:is in light-years).
1482:
1469:and a disc spanning
1350:Therefore, 1 parsec
1077:
900:
757:
705:
635:
403:bolometric magnitude
397:In August 2015, the
271:(19.2 trillion
250:astronomical objects
30:For other uses, see
3504:Conversion of units
3303:on 12 December 2012
3193:1981ApJ...248L..57K
3146:2005SciAm.292c..36L
3134:Scientific American
3099:2007ApJ...655..144M
2839:2019NatPh..15.1302L
2798:1838AN.....16...65B
2715:2008gady.book.....B
2682:2000asqu.book.....C
2624:1913MNRAS..73..334D
2232:observable universe
2154:observable universe
2072:100 (km/s)/Mpc
1815:As observed by the
1698:precision of about
1574:, unit for Distance
1367:astronomical units
1063:) so by definition
594:Herbert Hall Turner
356:Herbert Hall Turner
120:... is equal to ...
71:General information
55:astronomical object
2990:Turon, Catherine.
2932:
2776:Bessel, F. W.
2547:. pp. 380–384
2278:In popular culture
2257:physical cosmology
2186:The nearest large
2089:using the formula
1930:groups of galaxies
1843:
1823:erupting from the
1630:significant figure
1534:
1315:
1313:
1043:is one arcsecond (
994:
881:
739:
689:
576:Frank Watson Dyson
533:
478:distance) and the
262:astronomical units
220:
204:
199:astronomical units
196:
179:
166:
144:
131:
81:astronomical units
3512:
3511:
3441:Astronomical unit
3291:Guidry, Michael.
3160:on 10 August 2011
3030:. 1 February 2020
2724:978-0-691-13026-2
2707:Galactic Dynamics
2602:Dyson, F. W.
2494:
2493:
2333:A Wrinkle in Time
2317:Millennium Falcon
2314:, by stating the
2301:The Force Awakens
2295:Millennium Falcon
2156:(dictated by the
1914:
1913:
1906:
1821:astrophysical jet
1767:The most distant
1566:(e.g. if Distance
1532:
1529:
1511:
1506:
1494:
1489:
1426:
1425:
1299:
1276:
1257:
1254:
1241:
1196:
1188:
1175:
1125:
988:
954:
950:
908:
875:
841:
794:
765:
737:
714:
687:
660:
657:
647:
468:astronomical unit
234:
233:
108:Conversions
16:(Redirected from
3646:
3601:
3600:
3589:
3588:
3577:
3576:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3541:
3540:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3520:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3156:. Archived from
3125:
3119:
3118:
3092:
3090:astro-ph/0702510
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3052:. Archived from
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2954:Pogge, Richard.
2951:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2911:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2868:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2635:
2598:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2567:"Farthest Stars"
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2542:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2512:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2480:
2473:
2471:
2463:
2456:
2454:
2446:
2439:
2437:
2429:
2422:
2420:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2387:
2383:
2374:
2367:
2351:Distance measure
2262:
2261:100–1000 pc
2228:particle horizon
2219:, currently the
2181:Andromeda Galaxy
2147:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2085:into a distance
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2046:
2039:") in the range
2030:
1997:Andromeda Galaxy
1964:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1937:Proxima Centauri
1922:globular cluster
1909:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1858:
1850:
1836:
1803:
1792:
1784:
1782:
1763:
1761:
1730:
1722:
1708:
1704:
1693:
1692:
1675:
1671:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1627:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1557:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1463:angular diameter
1457:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1307:
1297:
1286:
1277:
1272:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1160:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1108:
1100:
1091:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1019:
1004:(to the nearest
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
993:
986:
959:
952:
951:
946:
921:
916:
906:
890:
888:
887:
882:
880:
873:
846:
839:
802:
792:
773:
763:
748:
746:
745:
740:
738:
735:
715:
712:
698:
696:
695:
690:
688:
683:
666:
661:
659:
658:
655:
649:
648:
645:
639:
623:
619:
615:
611:
573:Astronomer Royal
564:can be applied.
541:celestial sphere
537:angular distance
495:
494:
490:
458:Stellar parallax
447:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
427:
425:
424:
423:
419:
416:
415:
414:
341:Andromeda Galaxy
334:
332:
331:
328:
325:
313:Proxima Centauri
306:
304:
303:
300:
297:
287:an angle of one
230:
225:
218:
213:
210:
205:
197:
190:
185:
180:
167:
155:
150:
145:
132:
51:
39:
38:
21:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3639:1913 in science
3619:Units of length
3609:
3608:
3607:
3595:
3583:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3535:
3525:
3523:
3515:
3513:
3508:
3482:
3430:
3427:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3387:
3374:
3368:Units of length
3365:
3306:
3304:
3287:
3282:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3238:
3234:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3126:
3122:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3056:on 5 March 2007
3048:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2988:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2956:"Astronomy 162"
2952:
2948:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2909:
2903:
2899:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2817:
2813:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2670:
2666:
2639:
2599:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2486:
2484:
2478:
2469:
2467:
2461:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2418:
2416:
2408:
2403:
2390:
2384:
2377:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2342:
2329:
2323:The Mandalorian
2304:, but this was
2280:
2260:
2241:
2214:galaxy filament
2166:CfA2 Great Wall
2142:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2130:units of length
2108:
2105:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2090:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2049:Hubble constant
2040:
2025:
2014:galaxy clusters
2010:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1910:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1875:
1859:
1848:
1834:
1801:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1759:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1728:
1725:Galactic Centre
1720:
1706:
1699:
1690:
1688:
1673:
1669:
1658:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1625:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1554:is a constant (
1553:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1429:
1419: trillion
1415:
1412:
1410:
1401: trillion
1397:
1394:
1392:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1312:
1311:
1300:
1279:
1264:
1262:
1246:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1180:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1116:
1109:
1101:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1011:Approximately,
989:
955:
922:
920:
909:
901:
898:
897:
876:
842:
795:
766:
758:
755:
754:
734:
711:
706:
703:
702:
667:
665:
654:
650:
644:
640:
638:
636:
633:
632:
621:
617:
613:
609:
606:
562:skinny triangle
492:
488:
487:
480:subtended angle
460:
454:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
429:
421:
420:
417:
412:
410:
409:
408:
406:
372:popular science
329:
326:
323:
322:
320:
301:
298:
295:
294:
292:
223:
221:
219:
211:
208:
206:
203:
195:
183:
181:
178:
165:
156:
148:
146:
143:
130:
66:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3652:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3606:
3605:
3593:
3581:
3569:
3557:
3545:
3533:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3364:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3313:
3286:
3285:External links
3283:
3280:
3279:
3258:
3232:
3229:. 30 May 2018.
3214:
3201:10.1086/183623
3171:
3120:
3107:10.1086/509598
3083:(1): 144–162.
3067:
3041:
3015:
2997:
2982:
2961:
2946:
2931:
2897:
2854:
2826:Nature Physics
2811:
2767:
2730:
2723:
2697:
2691:978-0387987460
2690:
2664:
2644:has suggested
2604:(March 1913).
2590:
2558:
2528:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2411:
2388:
2375:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2341:
2338:
2279:
2276:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2224:
2210:
2195:
2188:galaxy cluster
2184:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1993:
1983:
1972:
1965:) from us per
1940:
1912:
1911:
1862:
1860:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1809:
1808:
1794:
1765:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1694:stars with an
1657:
1654:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1551:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1499:
1459:
1458:
1428:Therefore, if
1424:
1423:
1406:
1405:
1388:
1387:
1369:
1368:
1351:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1021:
1020:
992:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
962:
958:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
919:
915:
912:
905:
879:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
849:
845:
838:
834:
830:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
801:
798:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
772:
769:
762:
751:
750:
733:
729:
725:
721:
718:
710:
700:
686:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
664:
653:
643:
605:
602:
586:had suggested
545:semimajor axis
470:, the average
464:right triangle
453:
450:
246:unit of length
232:
231:
201:
192:
191:
176:
162:
161:
141:
127:
126:
123:
122:
117:
110:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
87:
83:
82:
79:
73:
72:
68:
67:
65:(not to scale)
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3651:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3532:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3322:Sixty Symbols
3319:
3314:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3268:
3262:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3029:
3028:Astronomy.com
3025:
3019:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2993:
2986:
2971:
2965:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2929:
2919:
2915:
2914:RESOLUTION B2
2908:
2901:
2894:
2876:
2872:
2871:RESOLUTION B2
2865:
2858:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2726:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2693:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2579:. 15 May 2021
2578:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2517:
2511:
2507:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2465:
2460:
2459:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2382:
2380:
2372:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2286:in the first
2285:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2246:superclusters
2233:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2192:Virgo Cluster
2189:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2175:For example:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2102:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2066:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1988:, one of the
1987:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1908:
1905:
1897:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1863:This section
1861:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1840:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1791:46 years
1788:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:constellation
1726:
1718:
1716:
1710:
1703:
1697:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1631:
1623:
1596:
1591:
1549:
1544:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1497:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1422:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1390:
1389:
1371:
1370:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1325:
1308:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1251:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1134:
1132:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1096:
1094:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1007:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
960:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
917:
903:
895:
892:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
847:
836:
832:
828:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
760:
731:
727:
723:
719:
716:
708:
701:
684:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
662:
651:
641:
631:
630:
629:
627:
601:
599:
596:had proposed
595:
591:
590:
585:
584:Carl Charlier
581:
577:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
554:
549:
546:
542:
538:
529:
525:
523:
522:61 Cygni
519:
515:
510:
505:
503:
499:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
459:
449:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
366:, though the
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
318:
314:
310:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
229:
217:
202:
200:
193:
189:
177:
174:
170:
163:
160:
154:
142:
139:
135:
128:
124:
121:
118:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
80:
78:
74:
69:
64:
61:angle of one
60:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3458:
3422:Solar radius
3416:Light-second
3406:
3396:Earth radius
3321:
3305:. Retrieved
3301:the original
3296:
3270:. Retrieved
3261:
3249:. Retrieved
3245:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3162:. Retrieved
3158:the original
3140:(3): 36–45.
3137:
3133:
3123:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3058:. Retrieved
3054:the original
3044:
3032:. Retrieved
3027:
3018:
3000:
2985:
2973:. Retrieved
2964:
2949:
2921:
2916:, Honolulu:
2913:
2900:
2878:
2870:
2857:
2833:(12): 1302.
2830:
2824:
2814:
2792:(5): 65–96.
2789:
2783:
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2746:
2733:
2706:
2700:
2673:
2667:
2657:
2649:
2637:
2615:
2609:
2581:. Retrieved
2570:
2561:
2549:. Retrieved
2544:
2531:
2521:24 September
2519:. Retrieved
2510:
2365:
2331:
2330:In the book
2328:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2265:
2254:
2242:
2239:Volume units
2174:
2123:
2117:
2109:
2099:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2042:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2017:
2011:
1966:
1944:open cluster
1915:
1900:
1891:
1876:Please help
1864:
1786:
1772:
1751:
1731:away in the
1729:8000 pc
1714:
1711:
1707:1000 pc
1678:
1659:
1592:
1547:
1545:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1439:10 m,
1427:
1326:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1010:
896:
893:
752:
607:
597:
587:
579:
568:
566:
550:
534:
506:
502:trigonometry
497:
461:
396:
364:astrophysics
347:
345:
281:trigonometry
254:Solar System
252:outside the
241:
237:
235:
171:
119:
114:
86:Unit of
36:
3591:Mathematics
3567:Outer space
3555:Spaceflight
3326:Brady Haran
3318:"pc Parsec"
2873:, Beijing:
2760:26 November
2741:(HEASARC).
2583:5 September
2371:short scale
2250:Boötes void
2197:The galaxy
2126:one billion
2020:(as in "50/
1802:0.6 pc
1769:space probe
1737:Sagittarius
1696:astrometric
1674:100 pc
1626:200 km
894:Therefore,
753:Therefore,
352:portmanteau
260:or 206,265
258:light-years
175: units
77:Unit system
57:that has a
3613:Categories
3477:gigaparsec
3471:megaparsec
3465:kiloparsec
3453:light-year
3164:4 February
2646:Siriometer
2618:(5): 342.
2502:References
2479:1 Tpc
2462:1 Gpc
2445:1 Mpc
2428:1 kpc
2346:Attoparsec
2199:RXJ1242-11
1986:ESO 383-76
1963:30 ly
1955:10 pc
1928:or within
1918:spiral arm
1798:Oort cloud
1762:10 pc
1700:0.97
1403:kilometres
589:siriometer
553:reciprocal
456:See also:
368:light-year
269:kilometres
159:petametres
113:1 pc
18:Kiloparsec
3531:Astronomy
3447:terametre
3435:gigametre
3372:Astronomy
3246:space.com
3209:0004-637X
2975:28 August
2930:π
2656:suggests
2489:10 m
2472:10 m
2455:10 m
2438:10 m
2421:10 m
2409:1 pc
2306:retconned
2289:Star Wars
2207:Milky Way
2045:< 0.75
2041:0.5 <
1980:Milky Way
1968:Hipparcos
1894:June 2024
1865:does not
1787:Voyager 1
1774:Voyager 1
1717:satellite
1680:Hipparcos
1666:telescope
1580:earth-sun
1572:1 au
1568:earth-sun
1564:earth-sun
1558:or 1.5813
1556:1 au
1552:earth-sun
1524:θ
1519:
1510:earth-sun
1445:1 pc
1288:≈
1274:π
1249:π
1244:×
1235:×
1206:≈
1183:π
1178:×
1169:×
1152:
1114:
948:π
822:×
816:×
810:×
787:×
781:×
761:π
685:π
678:×
672:×
618:1 pc
610:1 au
484:arcsecond
376:Milky Way
360:astronomy
346:The word
289:arcsecond
240:(symbol:
63:arcsecond
3634:Parallax
3490:See also
3429:☉
3370:used in
3328:for the
3307:26 March
3115:16483538
2778:(1838).
2642:Charlier
2572:StarDate
2340:See also
2284:Han Solo
2080:redshift
1947:Pleiades
1832:subtends
1806:diameter
1783: pc
1727:, about
1582:= 1.5813
1505:Distance
1488:Distance
1456: ly
1121:″
713: au
656: au
646: pc
498:adjacent
285:subtends
277:parallax
266:trillion
214:10
186:10
169:imperial
151:10
94:distance
59:parallax
3603:Science
3579:Physics
3517:Portals
3227:Esquire
3189:Bibcode
3187:: L57.
3142:Bibcode
3095:Bibcode
3034:20 July
2891: m
2835:Bibcode
2794:Bibcode
2711:Bibcode
2678:Bibcode
2620:Bibcode
2551:11 July
2170:quasars
2152:of the
2150:horizon
2146:
2134:
2114:
2096:
2075:
2061:
2026:50 Mpc
1978:of the
1886:removed
1871:sources
1650: m
1622:tangent
1618:
1599:
1430:1
1386:metres
1057:
1045:
736: m
626:radians
491:⁄
426:
407:
392:quasars
333:
321:
305:
293:
244:) is a
140:) units
3459:parsec
3207:
3113:
3060:22 May
3006:"GAIA"
2721:
2688:
2658:Parsec
2654:Turner
2650:Astron
2190:, the
1976:centre
1926:galaxy
1819:, the
1777:, was
1712:ESA's
1709:away.
1546:where
1435:≈ 9.46
1411:19.173
1393:30.856
1339:
1298:
1295:264.81
1061:degree
987:
953:
907:
874:
840:
793:
764:
598:parsec
580:astron
569:parsec
514:vertex
348:parsec
309:degree
238:parsec
226:
182:1.9174
147:3.0857
134:metric
115:in ...
100:Symbol
90:length
42:Parsec
3543:Stars
3479:(Gpc)
3473:(Mpc)
3467:(kpc)
3272:6 May
3251:6 May
3111:S2CID
3085:arXiv
2910:(PDF)
2867:(PDF)
2541:(PDF)
2485:2.938
2468:2.938
2451:2.938
2434:2.938
2417:2.938
2386:star.
2357:Notes
2272:Virgo
1789:took
1779:0.000
1670:0.01″
1449:3.261
1443:Then
1421:miles
1374:3.085
1059:of a
1006:metre
699:, and
472:Earth
430:3.085
350:is a
307:of a
273:miles
222:3.261
207:2.062
3461:(pc)
3455:(ly)
3449:(Tm)
3443:(au)
3437:(Gm)
3418:(ls)
3309:2010
3274:2020
3253:2020
3205:ISSN
3166:2016
3062:2007
3036:2021
2977:2007
2762:2011
2751:NASA
2719:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2585:2021
2553:2007
2523:2014
2268:LIGO
2226:The
2212:The
2179:The
2031:").
1995:The
1974:The
1869:any
1867:cite
1796:The
1781:7897
1715:Gaia
1588:star
1576:star
1527:3600
1493:star
1359:.806
1054:3600
592:and
509:star
493:3600
441:3673
388:giga
384:mega
380:kilo
362:and
330:3600
302:3600
279:and
236:The
3405:or
3197:doi
3185:248
3150:doi
3138:292
3103:doi
3081:655
2889:700
2886:870
2883:597
2881:149
2843:doi
2802:doi
2753:'s
2628:doi
2308:in
2255:In
2001:M31
1959:420
1951:130
1949:is
1920:or
1880:by
1835:20″
1829:M87
1827:of
1804:in
1735:of
1702:mas
1691:000
1689:100
1648:673
1645:913
1642:814
1639:775
1636:856
1605:000
1603:648
1595:IAU
1516:tan
1473:).
1454:777
1451:563
1416:577
1413:511
1398:815
1395:775
1379:581
1376:677
1364:096
1361:247
1357:264
1355:206
1337:700
1334:870
1331:597
1329:149
1291:206
1270:000
1266:648
1252:180
1186:180
1149:tan
1111:tan
1041:SDE
1008:).
984:673
980:913
976:814
972:775
968:856
944:000
940:600
936:213
932:420
928:939
871:000
867:600
863:213
859:420
855:939
837:700
833:870
829:597
825:149
807:180
778:180
732:700
728:870
724:597
720:149
669:180
476:Sun
438:491
435:581
432:677
413:000
411:648
317:Sun
3615::
3403:🜨
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3320:.
3295:.
3244:.
3225:.
3203:.
3195:.
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3148:.
3136:.
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3109:.
3101:.
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3008:.
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2877:,
2869:,
2841:.
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2829:.
2823:.
2800:.
2790:16
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2717:.
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2636:.
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2616:73
2614:.
2608:.
2593:^
2575:.
2569:.
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2483:≈
2466:≈
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2263:.
2172:.
2143:14
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2116:×
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1839:ly
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1471:ES
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1353:≈
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1232:60
1172:60
1166:60
1069:SD
1037:ES
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924:96
851:96
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813:60
790:60
784:60
681:60
675:60
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622:1″
614:1″
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446:10
242:pc
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216:au
209:65
188:mi
173:US
138:SI
103:pc
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2727:.
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2622::
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2525:.
2487:×
2470:×
2453:×
2436:×
2419:×
2414:≈
2140:/
2137:1
2118:z
2110:H
2106:/
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2069:/
2065:H
2057:h
2052:H
2043:h
2033:h
2028:h
2022:h
2018:h
1999:(
1961:±
1957:(
1953:±
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1901:(
1896:)
1892:(
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1760:×
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