Keystone Pipeline - Knowledge

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Representatives with the proposed Senate Amendments 270–152. The Keystone XL Pipeline bill was not officially sent to President Obama, starting the official ten-day count towards the bill becoming law without presidential signature, until February 24, 2015. Republicans delayed delivering the bill over the Presidents Day holiday weekend to ensure Congress would be in session if the president were to veto the bill. On February 24, 2015, the bill was vetoed and returned for congressional action. On March 4, 2015, the Senate held a vote and failed to override President Obama's veto of the bill; the vote was 62 to 37, less than the two-thirds majority required to override a presidential veto. The review by the State Department is ongoing. On June 15, 2015, the House Oversight Committee threatened to subpoena the State Department for the latter's withholding of records relevant to the process since March 2015 and calling the process "unnecessarily secretive". Despite some records being posted by consulted agencies such as the EPA, the State Department has not responded to the request. On November 2, 2015, TransCanada asked the Obama administration to suspend its permit application for the Keystone XL.

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the pipeline's capacity would increase greenhouse-gas emissions compared to alternative sources of oil, if the denial of the pipeline project meant that the oil would stay in the ground. "However, ... such a change is not likely to occur. pproval or denial of any one crude oil transport project, including the proposed Project, is unlikely to significantly impact the rate of extraction in the oil sands, or the continued demand for heavy crude oil." To the extent that the oil would be extracted in any case, the relevant comparison would be to alternative means of transporting it; the Final SEIS considered three alternative scenarios and found that "total GHG emissions associated with construction and operation (direct and indirect) combined would be higher for each of the three scenarios than for the entire route encompassing the proposed Project".

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Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, issued in March 2013, estimated 3,900 direct jobs and 42,000 direct and indirect jobs during construction. In July 2013, Obama said "The most realistic estimates are this might create maybe 2,000 jobs during the construction of the pipeline, which might take a year or two, and then after that we're talking about somewhere between 50 and 100 jobs in an economy of 150 million working people." The estimate of 2,000 during construction came under heavy attack, while the long-term, permanent job estimates did not receive as much criticism. According to the Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS), the pipeline will only create 35 permanent jobs.

2499:"While TransCanada estimates that the Keystone XL will have 11 significant spills, defined as more than 50 barrels (8 m) of crude oil, over 50 years, a more realistic assessment is 91 significant spills over the pipeline's operational lifetime. TransCanada arbitrarily and improperly adjusted spill factors to produce an estimate of one major spill on the 1,673 mi (2,692 km) of pipeline about every five years, but federal data on the actual incidence of spills on comparable pipelines indicate a more likely average of almost two major spills per year. (The existing Keystone I pipeline has had one major spill and 11 smaller spills in its first year of operation.)" 1505: 1808:, which " meant to ensure an impartial environmental analysis of major projects". The report prompted 14 senators and congressmen to ask the State Department inspector general on October 26, 2011 "to investigate whether conflicts of interest tainted the process" for reviewing environmental impact. In August 2014, a study was published that concluded the pipeline could produce up to 4 times more global warming pollution than the State Department's study indicated. The report blamed the discrepancy on a failure to take account of the increase in consumption due to the drop in the price of oil that would be spurred by the pipeline. 1797:, an environmental contractor based in Houston. The study found that the pipeline would have limited adverse environmental impacts, but was authored by a firm that had "previously worked on projects with TransCanada and describes the pipeline company as a 'major client' in its marketing materials". However, the Department of State's Office of the Inspector General conducted an investigation of the potential conflict of interest, and its February 2012 report of that investigation states there was no conflict of interest either in the selection of the contractor or in the preparation of the environmental impact statement. 2837: 1917:. The United States is the number one buyer of crude oil exported from Venezuela. The large trade relationship between the US and Venezuela has persisted despite political tensions between the two countries. However, the volume of oil imported into the US from Venezuela dropped in half from 2007 to 2014, as overall Venezuelan exports have dropped, and also as Venezuela seeks to become less dependent on US purchases of its crude oil. The Keystone pipeline is seen as a way to replace imports of heavy oil-sand crude from Venezuela with more reliable Canadian heavy oil. 1395: 2659:. The oil leak is the largest seen from the Keystone pipeline in the state. The leak lasted for several minutes, with no initial reports of damage to water sources or wildlife. Although the spill did not happen on Sioux property, it was in close enough proximity to potentially contaminate the aquifer used for water. The pipeline was immediately shut down, and TransCanada began using the pipe again 12 days after the leak. For much of late 2017, the Keystone pipeline operated at reduced pressure during remediation efforts. The federal 14806: 11182: 1737:

inevitably occur via the pipeline. He states, “Our resistance to the Keystone XL pipeline and other tar sand infrastructure is grounded in our inherent right to self-determination as indigenous peoples. As the original caretakers, we know what it will take to ensure these lands are available for generations to come. This pipeline has a strong chance of leaking, and if so, it could contaminate the water. It carries the possibility to encourage greater tar sands development, which, in turn, would increase carbon emissions.”

2350: 46: 1948: 14818: 14782: 1729:"to promote education and research in the health of the Aboriginal population". Another proposed solution is TransCanada's Aboriginal Human Resource Strategy, which was developed to facilitate Aboriginal employment and to provide "opportunities for Aboriginal businesses to participate in both the construction of new facilities and the ongoing maintenance of existing facilities". Despite TransCanada's actions, many Indigenous nations oppose the Keystone Pipeline. 14744: 2074:) and the expansion of the existing TransMountain line to Vancouver, Alberta has intensified exploration of two northern projects "to help the province get its oil to tidewater, making it available for export to overseas markets". By May 2012, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper had spent $ 9 million and $ 16.5 million by May 2013 to promote Keystone XL. Until Canadian crude oil accesses international prices like LLS or Maya crude oil by "getting to 1882: 2309:

people to voice their concerns about the Keystone Pipeline. In a public announcement from the Rosebud Sioux Tribe they state, “The Rosebud Sioux Tribe, along with other tribal nations, recently filed a lawsuit against the Trump Administration for numerous violations of the law in the Keystone XL pipeline permitting process. The Tribes are asking the court to rescind the illegal issuance of the Keystone XL pipeline presidential permit.”

14770: 2239: 2681:, spilling an estimated 9,120 barrels (1,450 m) where the 45,000 US gallons (170 m) that were not recovered from the 0.5 acre containment have spread contaminating 5 acres. This occurred while the South Dakota Water Management Board was in the middle of hearings on whether or not to allow TC Energy to use millions of gallons of water to build camps to house temporary construction workers for Keystone XL construction. 11193: 2819:

developments in the oil sands. It would be too expensive for the companies to ship by rail. However, "the presence of the pipeline, which offers an inexpensive way to move the oil to market, could increase the likelihood that companies would extract from the oil sands even when prices are low". The EPA suggested that the State Department should "revisit" its prior conclusions in light of the drop in oil prices.

1902:." However, an independent study conducted by the Cornell ILR Global Labor Institute refers to some studies (e.g. a 2011 study by Danielle Droitsch of Pembina Institute) according to which "a good portion of the oil that will gush down the KXL will probably end up being finally consumed beyond the territorial United States". It also states that the project will increase the heavy crude oil price in the 14794: 1226:

environmental impact than two other routes that were considered. This proved to be a major setback for TransCanada since they would have "years of new review and legal challenges". TransCanada asked Nebraska to reconsider this decision. They also worked with Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) to determine the structural cause of a leak in South Dakota on November 21, 2017.

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years in southeast Wyoming, eastern Colorado and New Mexico, western Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. The Pioneer crude oil pipeline crosses east–west across Nebraska, and the Pony Express pipeline, which crosses the Ogallala Aquifer in Colorado, Nebraska, and Kansas, was being converted as of 2013 from natural gas to crude oil, under a permit from the

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majorities of men (69%), women (61%), Democrats (51%), Republicans (82%), independents (64%), as well as by those in every division of age, education, economic status, and geographic region. The only group identified by the Pew poll as opposing the pipeline were Democrats who identified themselves as liberal (41% in favor versus 54% opposed).

773:, abbreviated here as Keystone, operates four phases of the project. In 2013, the first two phases had the capacity to deliver up to 590,000 barrels (94,000 m) per day of oil into the Midwest refineries. Phase III has capacity to deliver up to 700,000 barrels (110,000 m) per day to the Texas refineries. By comparison, production of 2429:

Sandhills Region" and "reduction of the length of pipeline crossing the Northern High Plains Aquifer system, which includes the Ogallala formation". In response to a Freedom of Information Act request for route information, the Department of State revealed on June 24, 2013, that "Neither Cardno ENTRIX nor TransCanada ever submitted

2502:"Analysis of the time needed to shut down the pipeline shows that response to a leak at a river crossing could conservatively take more than ten times longer than the 11 minutes and 30 seconds that TransCanada assumes. (After the June 2010 spill of more than 800,000 US gallons (3,000 m) of crude oil into a tributary of the 2449:(ERM), the consulting firm responsible for generating most of the SEIS, had previously performed contract work for TransCanada corporation. In addition, When the State Department released the original proposal ERM had submitted to secure the SEIS contract, portions of the work histories of key personnel were redacted. 15366: 2016:, there is an extensive overcapacity of oil pipelines from Canada. After completion of the Keystone XL line, oil pipelines to the U.S. may run nearly half-empty. The expected lack of volume combined with extensive construction cost overruns has prompted several petroleum refining companies to sue TransCanada. 2556:

region of Nebraska. The Sandhills are ancient sand dunes that have been stabilized by grasses. Because of their very permeable geology, nearly 100 percent of the annual rainfall infiltrates to a very shallow aquifer, often less than 20 feet (6 m) below the surface. This aquifer is the well-known

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In May 2013 Republicans in the House of Representatives defended the Northern Route Approval Act, which would allow for congressional approval of the pipeline, on the grounds that the pipeline created jobs and energy independence. If enacted the Northern Route Approval Act would waive the requirement

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TransCanada's Girling has also argued that if Canadian oil doesn't reach the Gulf through an environmentally friendly buried pipeline, that the alternative is oil that will be brought in by tanker, a mode of transportation that produces higher greenhouse-gas emissions and that puts the environment at

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Proponents for the Keystone XL pipeline argue that it would allow the U.S. to increase its energy security and reduce its dependence on foreign oil. TransCanada CEO Russ Girling has argued that "the U.S. needs 10 million barrels a day of imported oil" and the debate over the proposed pipeline "is not

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ordered all Keystone XL work be halted. The order, however, did not affect any other present or future pipeline construction in the United States, and would be in force until the circuit court, and then the Supreme Court deliver their final rulings. In response, TC Energy stated that the U.S. part of

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In March 2012, Obama endorsed building the southern segment (Gulf Coast Extension or Phase III) that begins in Cushing, Oklahoma. The President said in Cushing, Oklahoma, on March 22, "Today, I'm directing my administration to cut through the red tape, break through the bureaucratic hurdles, and make

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issued a Presidential Permit authorizing the construction, maintenance and operation of facilities at the United States and Canada border. In June 2008, the Keystone XL extension was proposed. Later that year, TransCanada began the process of becoming the sole owner of the pipeline. In 2009 it bought

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The U.S. portion of the Keystone Pipeline included 1,744 kilometres (1,084 mi) of new, 30-inch-diameter (760 mm) pipeline in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, and Illinois. The pipeline has a minimum ground cover of 4 feet (1.2 m). It also involved construction of

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In September 2009, independent refiner CVR sued TransCanada for Keystone Pipeline tolls seeking $ 250 million damage compensation or release from transportation agreements. CVR alleged that the final tolls for the Canadian segment of the pipeline were 146% higher than initially presented, while

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Public opinion polls taken by independent national polling organizations near the beginning of the dispute showed majority support for the proposed pipeline in the U.S. A September 2013 poll by the Pew Center found 65% favored the project and 30% opposed. The same poll found the pipeline favored by

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in Michigan: "The experience of Kalamazoo residents and businesses provides an insight into some of the ways a community can be affected by a tar sands pipeline spill. Pipeline spills are not just an environmental concern. Pipeline spills can also result in significant economic and employment costs,

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The refiners argue that construction overruns have raised the cost of shipping on the Canadian portion of Keystone by 145 per cent while the U.S. portion has run 92 per cent over budget. They accuse TransCanada of misleading them when they signed shipping contracts in the summer of 2007. TransCanada

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that year, the project was revived. The following year, President Obama said in his speech announcing the rejection of the pipeline on November 6, 2015, that Keystone XL had taken on symbolic importance, "for years, the Keystone pipeline has occupied what I, frankly, consider an overinflated role in

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In January 2014, the U.S. Department of State's (DoS) January 2014 "Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement" (SEIS) said that, "because of broader market dynamics and options for crude oil transport in the North American logistics system, the upstream and downstream activities are unlikely

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it is reversing the Seaway pipeline so that an oversupply of oil at Cushing can reach the Gulf. This project replaced the earlier proposed alternative Wrangler pipeline project from Cushing to the Gulf Coast. It began reversed operations on May 17, 2012. However, according to industries, the Seaway

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In contrast, Pew's February 2017 poll showed that support for the pipeline had fallen to 42%, with 48% of polled respondents opposing the pipeline, a 17 percentage point drop in support since 2014, with the majority of the shift due to a sharp decline in support among Democrats and Democrat-leaning

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challenged the U.S. State Department report's conclusion that the pipeline would not result in greater oil sand production, noting that "while informative, is not based on an updated energy-economic modeling effort". Overall, the EPA rated the SEIS with their category "EO-2" (EO for "environmental

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In 2011, after opposition for laying the pipeline in this area, TransCanada agreed to change the route and skip the Sandhills, even though pipeline industry spokesmen had maintained that existing pipelines carrying crude oil and refined liquid hydrocarbons have crossed over the Ogallala Aquifer for

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On November 30, 2011, a group of Republican senators introduced legislation aimed at forcing the Obama administration to make a decision within 60 days. In December 2011, Congress passed a bill giving the Obama Administration a 60-day deadline to make a decision on the application to build the

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There is a long history of opposition to colonialism by indigenous people. In the instance of the Keystone XL pipeline, there have been many protests and actions taken against the construction of the pipeline. In may of 2019, the Sioux Nation held their own public hearing for native, and non-native

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has argued that much of the opposition to the oil sands actually comes from foreign countries such as Nigeria, Venezuela, and Saudi Arabia, all of whom supply oil to the United States and who could be affected if the price of oil drops due to the new availability of oil from the pipeline. She cited

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revealed that the State Department had redacted the biographies of the study's authors to hide their previous contract work for TransCanada and other oil companies with an economic interest in the project. Based on an analysis of public documents on the State Department website, one critic asserted

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over such use. Landowners in the path of the pipeline have complained about threats by TransCanada to confiscate private land and lawsuits to allow the "pipeline on their property even though the controversial project has yet to receive federal approval". As of October 17, 2011, TransCanada had "34

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On March 31, 2020, CEO Russ Girling announced that TC Energy "will proceed with construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline" and thanked President Donald Trump, Alberta Premier Jason Kenney, and other government officials for "support and advocacy" for Keystone XL. Girling said that this construction,

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TransCanada Corporation responded with a letter by President and CEO Russel K. Girling stating that TransCanada "rejects the EPA inference that at lower oil prices the Project will increase the rate of oil sands production growth and accompanying greenhouse gas emissions". Girling maintained that

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As of 2013, however, producing and processing tar sands oil results in roughly 14 per cent more greenhouse gas emissions than the average oil used in the U.S. The State Department's 2012 Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (Final SEIS) estimated that producing and transporting oil to

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said that the failure "may have been caused by mechanical damage to the pipeline and coating associated with a weight installed on the pipeline in 2008". Later, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that a metal tracked vehicle had run over the area, damaging the pipeline. In April

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TransCanada claims that they will take 100% responsibility for any potential environmental problems. According to their website, "It's our responsibility—as a good company and under law. If anything happens on the Keystone XL Pipeline, rapid response is key. That's why our Emergency Response plans

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has described the Keystone Pipeline as "routine", noting that TransCanada has been building similar pipelines in North America for half a century and that there were 200,000 miles (320,000 km) of similar oil pipelines in the United States in 2011. He also stated that the Keystone Pipeline was

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supplemental environmental impact statement (SEIS) stated that the original proposals, would not cause "significant impacts to most resources along the proposed Project route". This included the shortening of the pipeline to 875 miles (1,408 km); its avoidance of "crossing the NDEQ-identified

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in North Dakota, an area that would be served by the Keystone expansion. Increased oil production in North Dakota has exceeded pipeline capacity since 2010, leading to increasing volumes of crude oil being shipped by truck or rail to refineries. Canadian journalist Diana Furchtgott-Roth commented:

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On May 4, 2012, the U.S. Department of State selected Environmental Resources Management (ERM) to author a Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, after the Environmental Protection Agency had found previous versions of the study, by contractor Cardno Entrix, to be extremely inadequate.

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Cindy S. Wood's, “The Great Sioux Nation V. The ‘Black Snake’: Native American Rights and the Keystone XL Pipeline.” In this article Wood refers to the pipeline as a black snake that poses a major threat to the Sioux Nation. The black snake is a reference to something that is sneaky, dangerous and

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by President Obama, who said that the approval decision should rest with the Executive Branch. The Senate was unable to override the veto by a two-thirds majority, with a 62–37 vote. On September 29, 2015, TransCanada dropped their lawsuit against Nebraska landowners who had refused permission for

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In a February 2015, the US EPA responded to the U.S. Department of State's Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (Final SEIS) for the Keystone XL Pipeline Project, that the pipeline will significantly increase greenhouse gas emissions because it will lead to the expansion of Alberta's

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On November 6, 2011, several thousand formed a human chain around the White House to convince Obama to block the Keystone XL project. Organizer Bill McKibben said, "this has become not only the biggest environmental flash point in many, many years, but maybe the issue in recent times in the Obama

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article in March 2014 points out that the main reason oil producers from the North Dakota Bakken Shale region are using rail and trucks to transport oil is economics not pipeline capacity. The Bakken oil is of a higher quality than the Canadian sand oil and can be sold to east coast refinery at a

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Dallas Goldtooth’s article, “Keystone XL would destroy our native lands. This is why we fight” further explains the relationship with the Oceti Sakowin Tribe by referring to the environment as “Mother Earth” when resisting the Keystone Pipeline. In this article he speaks on the dangers that could

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rejected the Keystone XL pipeline project, citing economic and environmental concerns. Financial commitment to completion of the pipeline was also weakened by technological factors. Innovations in fracking had increased domestic oil production and, according to the EIA, reduced demand of oil from

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determined that the project was not in the public interest. Kerry found that there was a "perception" among foreigners that the project would increase greenhouse-gas emissions, and that, whether or not this perception was accurate, the decision would "undercut the credibility and influence of the

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The Enbridge "Alberta Clipper" expansion of the existing cross-border Line 67 pipeline began in late 2013. It added 350,000 barrels (56,000 m) per day capacity to the existing pipeline for cumulative total of 800,000 barrels (130,000 m) per day. In late 2014 Enbridge was awaiting final

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asked the Canadian federal government to block regulatory approvals for the pipeline, with union president Dave Coles stating, "the Keystone pipeline will exclusively serve US markets, create a permanent employment for very few Canadians, reduce our energy security, and hinder investment and job

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The Keystone Pipeline system consisted of the operational Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, the Gulf Coast Pipeline Project. A fourth, proposed pipeline expansion segment Phase IV, Keystone XL, failed to receive necessary permits from the United States federal government in 2015. Construction of

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On September 5, 2012, TransCanada submitted an environmental report on the new route in Nebraska, which the company says is "based on extensive feedback from Nebraskans, and reflects our shared desire to minimize the disturbance of land and sensitive resources in the state". The March 2013 U.S.

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in North Dakota where they would adversely affect drinking water intakes, aquatic wildlife, and recreation. Contaminants from a spill at the Platte River crossing would travel downstream unabated into the Missouri River for several hundred miles affecting drinking water intakes for hundreds of

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On January 9, 2015, the Nebraska Supreme Court cleared the way for construction, and on the same day the House voted in favor of the pipeline. On January 29, 2015, the Keystone XL Pipeline was passed by the Senate 62–36. On February 11, 2015, the Keystone XL Pipeline was passed by the House of

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Additional phases (III, completed in 2014, and IV, rejected in 2015) have been in construction or discussion since 2011. If completed, the Keystone XL would have added 510,000 barrels (81,000 m) per day increasing the total capacity up to 1.1 million barrels (170,000 m) per day.

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Operating since 2010, the original Keystone Pipeline System is a 3,461-kilometre (2,151 mi) pipeline delivering Canadian crude oil to U.S. Midwest markets and Cushing, Oklahoma. In Canada, the first phase of Keystone involved the conversion of approximately 864 kilometres (537 mi) of

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In 2012, the US State Department estimated that the pipeline would create about 5,000 to 6,000 temporary jobs in the US during the two-year construction period, would increase gasoline availability to the Northeast and expand the Gulf refining industry. The U.S. State Department's Preliminary

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Indigenous communities are also concerned with health risks posed by the extension of the Keystone pipeline. Locally caught fish and untreated surface water would be at risk for contamination through oil sands extraction and are central to the diets of many Indigenous peoples. Earl Hatley, an

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oilsands. and that over the proposed 50-year timeline of the pipeline, this could mean releasing as much as "1.37 billion more tons of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere". EPA concluded that due to the current relatively cheap cost of oil, companies might be less likely to set up their own

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on the same facts as before, but reversed itself to find that granting the permit would be in the national interest. In November 2017, the Nebraska Public Service Commission approved (3–2) the construction of the pipeline, but via an alternative route which is longer and deemed to have less

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to stage a protest against the Keystone Pipeline. 398 arrests were made of people tying themselves to the White House fence with zip-ties and lying on a black tarp in front of the fence. The tarp represented an oil spill, and many protesters dressed in white jumpsuits covered in black ink,

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On August 26, 2011, the final environmental impact report was released, stating that the pipeline would pose "no significant impacts" to most resources if environmental protection measures are followed, but it would present "significant adverse effects to certain cultural resources".

1762:, Samuel Avery quotes landowner David Daniel in Texas, who claims that TransCanada illegally seized his land via eminent domain by claiming to be a public utility rather than a private firm. On October 4, 2012, 78-year-old Texas landowner Eleanor Fairchild was arrested for criminal 2403:

On November 22, 2011, the Nebraska unicameral legislature passed unanimously two bills with the governor's signature that enacted a compromise agreed upon with the pipeline builder to move the route and approved up to US$ 2 million in state funding for an environmental study.

2282:, and others as invited speakers. Simultaneous 'solidarity' protests were also organized in several other cities across the United States, Europe, and Canada. Protesters called on President Obama to reject the planned pipeline extension when deciding the fate of the pipeline after 2097:

Pipeline opponents warn of disruption of farms and ranches during construction, and point to damage to water mains and sewage lines sustained during construction of an Enbridge crude oil pipeline in Michigan. A report by the Cornell University Global Labor Institute noted of the

2492:. Stansbury concludes that safety assessments provided by TransCanada are misleading: "We can expect no fewer than 2 major spills per state during the 50-year projected lifetime of the pipeline. These spills could release as much as 180,000 barrels (29,000 m) of oil each." 1926:

as an example an effort by Saudi Arabia to stop television commercials critical of the Saudi government. TransCanada had said that development of oil sands will expand regardless of whether the crude oil is exported to the United States or alternatively to Asian markets through

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existing 36-inch (910 mm) natural gas pipeline in Saskatchewan and Manitoba to crude oil pipeline service. It also included approximately 373 kilometres (232 mi) of new 30-inch-diameter (760 mm) pipeline, 16 pump stations and the Keystone Hardisty Terminal.

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in Houston, Texas. An Angus Reed Institute poll published that week showed that 48% of Canadians supported the revival of the Keystone XL pipeline project. The pollsters said that the support for the Keystone pipeline project by provincial NDP government and the federal

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In April 2013, it was learned that the government of Alberta was investigating, as an alternative to the pipeline south through the United States, a shorter all-Canadian pipeline north to the Arctic coast, from where the oil would be taken by tanker ships through the

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in January 2013. On April 18, 2014, the Obama administration announced that the review of the controversial Keystone XL oil pipeline has been extended indefinitely, pending the result of a legal challenge to a Nebraska pipeline siting law that could change the route.

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states project impacts that include potential physical disturbance, demolition or removal of "prehistoric or historic archaeological sites, districts, buildings, structures, objects, and locations with traditional cultural value to Native Americans and other groups".

2806:, arguing that oil sands account for about 0.1% of global greenhouse-gas emissions, coal power plants powered in the U.S. generate almost 40 times more greenhouse-gas emissions than Canada's oil sands and California bitumen is more GHG-intensive than the oil sands. 1992:, touted the positive impact of the project as "putting 20,000 US workers to work and spending $ 7 billion stimulating the US economy", according to a report they commissioned. These numbers have been disputed by an independent study conducted by the 1369:

on May 3, 2020, to "better reflect the scope of our operations as a leading North American energy infrastructure company", is the sole owner of the Keystone Pipeline System. The pipeline system was originally developed as a partnership between TransCanada and

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In its November 11 response, TransCanada pointed out fourteen different routes for Keystone XL were being studied, eight that impacted Nebraska. They included one potential alternative route in Nebraska that would have avoided the entire Sandhills region and

1430:. The Canadian section involves approximately 864 kilometres (537 mi) of pipeline converted from the Canadian Mainline natural gas pipeline and 373 kilometres (232 mi) of new pipeline, pump stations and terminal facilities at Hardisty, Alberta. 1092:. In its response, TransCanada pointed out fourteen different routes for Keystone XL were being studied, eight that impacted Nebraska. They included one potential alternative route in Nebraska that would have avoided the entire Sandhills region and 2419:

In January 2012, President Obama rejected the application amid protests about the pipeline's impact on Nebraska's environmentally sensitive Sandhills region. The deadline for the decision had "prevented a full assessment of the pipeline's impact".

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On December 7, 2022, TC Energy in Canada initiated a shutdown of the Keystone Pipeline System in response to a 9PM Eastern Time alarm signaling a loss in pressure. TC Energy confirmed that there had been a release of oil into a creek located in

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On January 19, 2012, TransCanada announced it may shorten the initial path to remove the need for federal approval. TransCanada said that work on that section of the pipeline could start in June 2012 and be on-line by the middle to late 2013.

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although the systematic tracking of the social, health, and economic impacts of pipeline spills is not required by law. Leaks and spills from Keystone XL and other tar sands and conventional crude pipelines could put existing jobs at risk."

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Many American and Canadian indigenous groups have opposed the Keystone XL project for various reasons, including possible damage to sacred sites, pollution, and water contamination, which could lead to health risks among their communities.

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publicly expressed her opposition to the Keystone XL, citing concerns about climate change. After Donald Trump's victory in that election, he released a presidential memorandum on January 24, 2017, announcing revival of the Keystone XL and

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that challenged the pipeline on the grounds that its permit was based on a deficient environmental impact statement. The suit was thrown out by a federal judge on procedural grounds, ruling that the NRDC lacked the authority to bring it.

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An Angus Reid Institute poll, published on March 9, 2017, showed that 48% of respondents across Canada supported the Keystone XL revival, while 33% opposed it, and 20% were uncertain. In Alberta, support was at 77%, and in Quebec at 36%.

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for permits for a foreign company and bypass the need for President Obama's approval, and the debate in the Democrat-controlled U.S. Senate, concerned about serious environmental risks, that could result in the rejection of the pipeline.

6289: 915:. In 2011, the second phase of Keystone included a 480-kilometre (298 mi) extension from Steele City, Nebraska, to Cushing, Oklahoma, and 11 new pump stations to increase the capacity of the pipeline from 435,000 to 591,000 14214: 2585:

concurred, saying "this is the most technologically advanced and safest pipeline ever proposed". However, while TransCanada had asserted that a set of 57 conditions will ensure Keystone XL's safe operation, Anthony Swift of the

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are approved by state and federal agencies, and why we practice them regularly. We conduct regular emergency exercises, and aerial surveys every two weeks. We're ready to respond with a highly-trained response team standing by."

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were in a position to increase their profits substantially if the Keystone XL Pipeline were approved. By 2011, Koch Industries refined 25% of all crude oil imported into the United States. In response to the article, Congressmen

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The Impact of Developing the Keystone XL Pipeline Project on Business Activity in the US: An Analysis Including State-by-State Construction Effects and an Assessment of the Potential Benefits of a More Stable Source of Domestic

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our political discourse. It became a symbol too often used as a campaign cudgel by both parties rather than a serious policy matter." He went on to state that "approving this project would have undercut global leadership" on

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2018, a federal investigation found that 408,000 US gallons (1,540 m) of crude had spilled at the site, almost twice what TransCanada had reported. That number made it the seventh-largest onshore oil spill since 2002.

7667: 13024: 2129:"If this oil shipment had been carried through pipelines, instead of rail, families in Lac-Mégantic would not be grieving for lost loved ones today, and oil would not be polluting Lac Mégantic and the Chaudière River." A 6598: 2509:"Realistic calculations yield worst-case spill estimates of more than 180,000 barrels (29,000 m) in the Nebraska Sandhills above the Ogallala Aquifer, more than 160,000 barrels (25,000 m) of crude oil at the 1733:

sinister, which is the way the Sioux Nation views the Keystone Pipeline. With relation to the Este’s article, there is concern by indigenous people that the Keystone Pipeline can lead to a similar type of destruction.

13031: 5743: 2158:, the group that organized the 2009 international protests—described by CNN as "the most widespread day of political action in the planet's history"—led the opposition to the construction of the Keystone XL pipeline. 1054:, and again on April 9. The pipeline restarted at a reduced operating pressure on April 10 after the U.S. regulator approved the companies corrective actions and plan. A 9,700 barrels (1,540 m) leak occurred in 11581: 7234: 2090:(WCS), the bitumen crude oil basket, is discounted so heavily against West Texas Intermediate (WTI) while Maya crude oil, a similar product close to tidewater, is reaching peak prices. In April 2013, Calgary-based 1638:

Map showing how the United States House of Representatives voted on the Keystone Pipeline, November 14, 2014: "No" votes are colored in red; "Yes" votes in green. Map does not represent population, only geographic

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reviewed documents that showed that Keystone had "leaked substantially more oil, and more often, in the United States than the company indicated to regulators in risk assessments before operations began in 2010."

2165:, McKibben and other activists mounted pressure on then-President Obama, who was running for re-election. Obama had included a call to "be the generation that finally frees America from the tyranny of oil" in his 7188: 6050: 1996:, which found that while the Keystone XL would result in 2,500 to 4,650 temporary construction jobs, the impact will be reduced by higher oil prices in the Midwest, which will likely reduce national employment. 978:

out ConocoPhillips' shares and reverted to being the sole owner. It took TransCanada more than two years to acquire all necessary state and federal permits for the pipeline. Construction took another two years.

2704:. About 588,000 gallons of tar sands crude was released. US oil prices rose about 4% the following day following news of the leak and shutdown. The leak was the largest in the United States in nearly a decade. 2938:

the tolls for the U.S. segment were 92% higher. In April 2010, three smaller refineries sued TransCanada to break Keystone transportation contracts, saying the new pipeline has been beset with cost overruns.

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in Quebec, in which crude oil carried by rail cars exploded and killed 47 people, highlights the safety of pipelines compared to truck or rail transport. The oil in the Lac-Mégantic rail cars came from the

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The number of temporary jobs created during the two-year construction of the KXL pipeline has been estimated by proponents to be as high as 20,000, and by independent groups to be as low as 2,000. In 2011,

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approval from the US State Department and expected completion of the last phase in mid-2015. According to Enbridge, Line 67 Upgrade Project Phase 2 was completed, and entered into service in July 2015.

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of Canada approved the construction of the Canadian section of the pipeline, including converting a portion of TransCanada's Canadian Mainline gas pipeline to crude oil pipeline, on September 21, 2007.

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information to the Department of State, nor was either corporation required to do so." In response to the Department of State's report, which recommended neither acceptance nor rejection, an editor of

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to begin constructing worker camps for the pipeline although the company could begin construction of pipe storage and container yards as long as they were outside the proposed pipeline's right-of-way.

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warned that "building this pipeline has the potential to undermine America's clean energy future and international leadership on climate change", referencing the higher input quantity of fossil fuels

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signed a presidential memorandum to revive both Keystone XL pipelines, which "would transport more than 800,000 barrels per day of heavy crude" from Alberta to the Gulf Coast. On March 9, 2017, the

891:(Bakken) region in Montana and North Dakota, primarily to refineries in the Gulf Coast area". The Keystone XL pipeline segments were intended to allow American crude oil to enter the XL pipelines at 879:

to Nederland, Texas. The Keystone XL Pipeline Project (Phase IV) revised proposal in 2012 consists of a new 36-inch (910 mm) pipeline from Hardisty, Alberta, through Montana and South Dakota to

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In 2013, United States Democrats were concerned that Keystone XL would not provide petroleum products for domestic use, but simply facilitate getting Alberta oil sands products to American coastal

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On September 19, 2011, a number of Indigenous tribal leaders in the United States and Canada were arrested for protesting the Keystone XL outside the White House. According to Debra White Plume, a

12975: 10672: 5496: 5109: 3597: 3565: 14209: 11219: 2425: 14285: 10485: 10261: 6293: 12744: 7863: 2740:(NRDC) also oppose the project due to its transportation of oil from oil sands. In its March 2010 report, the NRDC stated that "the Keystone XL Pipeline undermines the U.S. commitment to a 2078:" (south to the U.S. Gulf ports via Keystone XL for example, west to the BC Pacific coast via the proposed Northern Gateway line to ports at Kitimat, BC or north via the northern hamlet of 13237: 12507: 11012: 10064: 5273: 1050:(PHMSA) issued TransCanada a Corrective Action Order (CAO), for Keystone's May 2011 leaks. On April 2, 2016, PHMSA issued a CAO to TransCanada for a 16,800 US gallons (64 m) leak in 1713:

activist, Indigenous peoples "have thousands of ancient and historical cultural resources that would be destroyed across treaty lands". TransCanada's Pipeline Permit Application to the

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A second bill approving the construction of the pipeline was passed in a 62–36 vote on 29 January 2015 and by the House in a 270–152 vote on 11 February, but on 24 February it was

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A proposed fourth pipeline, called Keystone XL (sometimes abbreviated KXL, with XL standing for "export limited") Pipeline, would have connected the Phase I-pipeline terminals in

2549:) as well as aquatic habitats and recreational activities. In addition, other constituents from the spill would pose serious risks to humans and to aquatic species in the river." 1162:

foreign countries to an all-time low since 1985. Shifts to gasoline fuel for cargo vehicles, new technologies promoting fuel efficiency, and export restrictions that reduced the

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government was taking an "equity stake" and providing a "loan guarantee", which amounts to a "total financial commitment of just over $ 7 billion" to the Keystone XL project.

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averaged 9.4 million barrels (1.5 million cubic meters) per day in first-half 2015, with gross exports of 500,000 barrels (79,000 m) per day through July 2015.

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independents. At the time of the poll, only 17% of Democrats favored the pipeline. Support among Republicans had also fallen (to 76%) but not as steeply as among Democrats.

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administration when he's been most directly confronted by people in the street. In this case, people willing, hopeful, almost dying for him to be the Barack Obama of 2008."

1581:, where American-produced oil would be added to the pipeline; then it would travel through South Dakota and Nebraska, where it would join the existing Keystone pipelines at 10235: 7703: 7242: 1377:

As of 2008, certain parties who agreed to make volume commitments to the Keystone expansion had the option to acquire up to a combined 15% equity ownership, which included

14836: 11934: 11639: 11604: 8788: 6464: 1770:, a town about 100 miles (160 km) east of Dallas. Fairchild has owned the land since 1983 and refused to sign any agreements with TransCanada. Her land was seized by 1357:

On June 9, 2021, the Keystone XL project was abandoned by its developer. At the time of the project's cancellation, approximately 8% of the pipeline had been constructed.

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Recent Case: Montana District Court Holds State Department’s National Interest Determination for Keystone XL Pipeline Violated APA by Disregarding Prior Factual Findings

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In 2016, about 400 barrels (64 m) were released from the original Keystone pipe network via leaks, which federal investigators said resulted from a "weld anomaly".

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Keystone XL was proposed to carry crude derived from Alberta's oil sands, not from underground reservoirs like conventional petroleum, but in a tarry fossil fuel called

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changed the original proposed route of Keystone XL to minimize "disturbance of land, water resources and special areas"; the new route was approved by Nebraska Governor

1993: 1070: 11597: 9033: 10617: 2961:' action in issuing Nationwide Permit 12 permits for the Cushing, Oklahoma, to the Gulf Coast portion of the pipeline. The suit alleges that, contrary to the federal 2373:

for two million people, and supports $ 20 billion in agriculture. Critics say that a major leak could ruin drinking water and devastate the mid-western U.S. economy.

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An estimated crowd of 35,000–50,000 gathers near the Washington Monument in February 2013 to protest the Keystone XL pipeline and support action on climate change

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Due to a 2011 exemption the state of Kansas gave TransCanada, the local authorities would lose $ 50 million public revenue from property taxes for a decade.

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of Canada. It is unclear how much of the oil transported through the pipeline would have reached American consumers instead of being exported to other countries.

13209: 13088: 12723: 12579: 12345: 12151: 12116: 12109: 12102: 11361: 10127: 9804: 6547:"Application to the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission for a Permit for the Keystone XL Pipeline Under the Energy Conversion and Transmission Facility Act" 2630:. A mix of clay, sand, rock which combined can be solid as a "hocky puck." To access the bitumen, Alberta's boreal forests are cut away in enormous strip mines. 1909:

The US Gulf Coast has a large concentration of refineries designed to process very heavy crude oil. At present, the refineries are dependent on heavy crude from

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recommended that Obama should reject the project, which "even by the State Department's most cautious calculations—can only add to the problem". On March 21,

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environmental activist who has worked with Native American tribes has expressed concern about the environmental and public health impact on Native Americans.

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On May 28, 2020, the United States Court of Appeals of the Ninth Circuit denied a motion to stay the District Judge's ruling. This prompted Solicitor General

14177: 9370: 9139: 7406: 7363: 4353: 8392: 4831: 2506:, an Enbridge tar sands pipeline—a 30-inch (760 mm) pipe compared to the 36-inch (910 mm) Keystone XL—was not completely shut down for 12 hours.)" 1745:

When Nebraska landowners who had refused TransCanada the permission it needed for pipeline easements on their properties, TransCanada attempted to exercise

14493: 12528: 12440: 12047: 11246: 8700: 1872:, and we are not being treated as such. We will close our reservation borders to Keystone XL. Authorizing Keystone XL is an act of war against our people. 1755: 1663: 1573:, Canada, as the Phase 1 pipeline. The Canadian section would consist of 526 kilometres (327 mi) of new pipeline. It would enter the United States at 1321:, will follow government and health authorities guidance, to ensure the protection of workers, their families, and surrounding communities from the virus. 1270: 11437: 10165: 7943: 6404: 6148: 4991: 15054: 14115: 13331: 13047: 12396: 12375: 9723: 9208: 3545: 3348:

Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the Keystone XL Project Applicant for Presidential Permit: TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, LP (SEIS)

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TransCanada has developed an Aboriginal Relations policy in order to confront some of these conflicts. In 2004, TransCanada made a major donation to the

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and to other recent instances of "U.S. government actions (and inactions) that show little concern about Canadian concerns". Mann drew attention to a

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pipelines. The order would expedite the environmental review, which Trump described as an "incredibly cumbersome, long, horrible permitting process."

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as recently as 2002. Opponents claim that TransCanada applied to the U.S. government to use thinner steel and pump at higher pressures than normal.

1039:. In February 2011, the Keystone-Cushing extension (Phase II) was completed running 468 kilometres (291 mi) from Steele City to a tank farm in 15660: 13352: 12760: 11941: 11925: 11780: 11766: 11384: 5813: 4939: 2392:

and six alternatives that would have reduced pipeline mileage crossing the Sandhills or the aquifer. The Keystone XL proposal faced criticism from

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On November 10, 2011, the Department of State postponed a final decision while investigating "potential alternative routes around the Sandhills in

1305:, who campaigned on promoting the provincial oil and gas industry and promoted it by repealing the carbon tax and establishing an energy war room ( 10447: 9947: 6112: 2577:

planned to include 57 improvements above standard requirements demanded by U.S. regulators, making it "the safest pipeline ever built". Rep.

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article sub-titled "we used to be friends" about U.S./Canada relations after President Obama had "insulted Canada (yet again)" over the pipeline.

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Different environmental groups, citizens, and politicians have raised concerns about the potential negative impacts of the Keystone XL project.

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On March 24, 2017, Trump signed a presidential permit to allow TransCanada to build the Keystone XL pipeline. The State Department issued a new

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economy", instead "delivering dirty fuel at high costs". On June 23, 2010, 50 Democrats in Congress in their letter to Secretary of State

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criticized the State Department's draft environmental impact study for neglecting concerns about oil spill response plans, safety issues and

6344: 4887: 2227:. Eight people stood on tree platforms just ahead of where crews were cutting down trees to make way for the pipeline. On October 31, 2012, 1103:

On January 22, 2014, the Gulf Coast Extension (Phase III) was completed, running 784 kilometres (487 mi) from Cushing to refineries at

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against the United States, seeking $ 15 billion in damages and calling the denial of a permit for Keystone XL "arbitrary and unjustified".

2962: 2051:, which would have banned exports from the Keystone XL pipeline and required that the pipeline be built with steel from the United States. 1238: 875:

area, began in August 2012 as an independent economic utility. Phase III was opened on January 22, 2014, completing the pipeline path from

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observes that Obama's "choice is to have it come down by a pipeline that he approves, or without his approval, it comes down on trains".

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In January 2012, Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) and Rep. Steve Cohen (D-Tenn.) requested a new report on the environmental review process.

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United States Department of State and the Broadcasting Board of Governors Office of Inspector General Office of Audits. February 2012.

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On January 18, 2018, TransCanada announced they had secured commitments to ship 500,000 barrels (79,000 m) per day for 20 years.

1529:, where American-produced oil is added to the pipeline, then runs south 435 miles (700 km) to a delivery point near terminals in 1080:

On November 10, 2011, the Department of State postponed a final decision while investigating "potential alternative routes around the

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Commentator Bill Mann has linked the Keystone postponement to the Michigan Senate's rejection of Canadian funding for the proposed

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The results of polls about the Keystone XL pipeline taken by independent national polling organizations from 2012 to 2014 varied:

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By September 29, 2015, TransCanada (later TC Energy) had dropped the lawsuit and acceded to the authority of elected, five-member

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to markets in Asia and Europe and in August, TransCanada announced a new proposal to create a longer all-Canada pipeline, called

15071: 8121: 8025: 7785:"Senate Republicans block amendment by Sen. Ed Markey to keep Keystone XL Pipeline oil in US for American consumers exclusively" 6195: 2047:

for export to China and other countries. In January 2015, Senate Republicans blocked a vote on an amendment proposed by Senator

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that "Environmental Resources Management was paid an undisclosed amount under contract to TransCanada to write the statement".

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The pipeline became well known when the proposed KXL extension attracted opposition from environmentalists with concerns about

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passed a bill approving the construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline in a 252–161 vote; however, the bill was rejected by the

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the EPA's conclusions "are not supported by the facts outlined in the Final SEIS or actual observations of the marketplace".

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The main issues are the risk of oil spills along the pipeline, which would traverse highly sensitive terrain, and 17% higher

2258:, in what Bill McKibben described as "the biggest climate rally by far, by far, by far, in U.S. history". The event featured 2086:), the Alberta government is losing from $ 4–30 billion in tax and royalty revenues as the primary product of the oil sands, 8775: 7010: 6967: 6775: 6316: 4964: 2767:

In December 2010, the No Tar Sands Oil campaign, sponsored by action groups including Corporate Ethics International, NRDC,

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United States Department of State Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (March 1, 2013).

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reservations, even though the pipeline does not lead through any tribal land. TC Energy is applying for permits to tap the

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Project opponents panned the study on its release, calling it a "deeply flawed analysis". An investigation by the magazine

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On April 15, 2020, District Judge Brian Morris issued a suspension of the pipeline construction after the plaintiffs, the

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released the results of the GLI Keystone XL Report, which evaluated the pipeline's impact on employment, the environment,

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credits these blockades and direct action against the pipeline in general with popularizing the global anti-extractivist

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revoked the permit for the pipeline on his first day in office. On June 9, 2021, the project was abandoned by TC Energy.

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The possible loss of Venezuelan heavy crude oil imports underscores the strategic importance of the Keystone XL pipeline

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Bradshaw, Elizabeth A. (August 30, 2015). "Blockadia Rising: Rowdy Greens, Direct Action and the Keystone XL Pipeline".

15745: 15740: 15735: 15705: 15695: 15606: 15140: 15066: 14941: 14487: 13977: 13260: 13147: 13096: 12684: 12647: 12227: 11699: 11284: 10831: 9233: 9015: 8496:"Rosebud Sioux Tribe is Holding Its Own Public Hearing on the Keystone XL Pipeline! | Indigenous Environmental Network" 2965:, 5 U.S.C. § 701 et. seq., the Corps' issuance of the permits was arbitrary and capricious and an abuse of discretion. 2753: 1778: 1766:

and other charges after she was accused of standing in front of pipeline construction equipment on Fairchild's farm in

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professor John Stansbury conducted an independent analysis which provides more detail on the potential risks for the

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was arrested in Texas for criminal trespass after trying to deliver food and supplies to the Keystone XL protesters.

1805: 1242: 974: 9299: 8413: 8181: 7816: 15730: 15670: 15404: 15226: 14828: 14533: 13621: 13435: 13373: 12521: 12389: 12382: 12125: 11017: 11007: 11002: 10987: 10982: 10972: 10962: 10957: 10952: 9351: 7997: 6950: 2953:, Clean Energy Future Oklahoma, and the East Texas Sub Regional Planning Commission filed a joint complaint in the 2690: 2283: 2228: 1826: 1634: 1325: 1273:

granted the Justice Department's motion to lift the injunction blocking construction and found that the new permit

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On February 17, 2013, approximately 35,000 to 50,000 protesters attended a rally in Washington, D.C. organized by

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a debate of oil versus alternative energy. This is a debate about whether you want to get your oil from Canada or

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warned that Alberta is "running up against a wall around 2016, when we will have barrels of oil we can't move".

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for the Keystone XL Pipeline (Phase 4). On June 9, 2021, TC Energy abandoned plans for the Keystone XL Pipeline.

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because it does not cross an international border (United States Department of State SEIS March 1, 2013 p. ES1).

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for use during construction primarily for drilling to install pipe, to build pump stations and to control dust.

1501:, a distance of 468 kilometres (291 mi) long. It was constructed in 2010 and went online in February 2011. 103: 15710: 15541: 14991: 14029: 10823: 10692: 10176: 10026: 10005: 6290:"Reps. Waxman and Rush Urge Committee to Request Documents from Koch Industries Regarding Keystone XL Pipeline" 4742: 3493: 1292: 832: 774: 10363: 9140:"Analysis of Frequency, Magnitude and Consequence of Worst-Case Spills From the Proposed Keystone XL Pipeline" 5035: 15155: 15125: 14875: 13982: 13793: 13281: 13179: 12549: 12514: 11676: 11590: 6705: 5134: 3406: 2430: 1754:

actions against landowners in Texas" and "22 in South Dakota". Some of those landowners gave testimony for a

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Unlikely Alliances: Native Nations and White Communities Join to Defend Rural Lands (Indigenous Confluences)

6521:"First Nations and Native American Leaders Arrested In Front Of White House To Protest Keystone XL Pipeline" 3883: 1237:) enjoined construction of the pipeline and vacated the new permit because the policy reversal violated the 15715: 14860: 13274: 13104: 12132: 12079: 12003: 11196: 10395: 10217: 8732: 5413: 2958: 2776: 1670: 1504: 1470: 1111:

to be substantially different whether or not the proposed Project is constructed". On January 9, 2015, the

15486: 9519: 5451: 4861: 3372: 3347: 3325: 45: 14697: 13881: 12477: 12211: 10882: 10100: 10027:"Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, Keystone XL Project, 5.3: Comparison of Alternatives" 8976: 8670: 6590: 5897: 1462: 1299: 1259:

In March 2019, Trump revoked the prior permit and himself directly issued a new permit for the pipeline.

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Washington Post–ABC News (April 2014): 65% government should approve, 22% government should not approve

2721: 1856:, Cyril Scott, has stated that the November 14, 2014, vote in favor of the Keystone XL pipeline in the 1853: 1846: 14978: 6405:"Cohen: Inspector General Report on Keystone XL Pipeline Raises Serious Concerns About Permit Process" 4026:

Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs (March 14, 2008),

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nearly doubled its construction estimates in October 2007, from $ 2.8-billion (U.S.) to $ 5.2-billion.

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Truck hauling 36 in (910 mm) pipe to build Keystone-Cushing pipeline (phase 2) southeast of

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and six alternatives that would have reduced pipeline mileage crossing the Sandhills or the aquifer.

982: 5841:"Fact Check-Though Keystone XL Pipeline had secured most of its funding, it was only 8% constructed" 5791: 4501: 15527: 15461: 15310: 15231: 14884: 13380: 13140: 13119: 11077: 11072: 11022: 10862: 10498: 7525:"Keystone XL Jobs Bewilder Media. Reporters still fumbling numbers in wake of pipeline's rejection" 6088:

Media Notes on Keystone XL Pipeline Project Review Process: Decision to Seek Additional Information

5648: 5470: 5359:"TransCanada Can Change Its Name, Say Opponents, But Keystone XL Will Never See 'The Light of Day'" 5260: 3307: 3264: 3195: 2803: 2725: 2637: 2009: 1903: 1478: 1466: 1454: 1196: 969:

acquired a 50% stake in the project. On March 17, 2008, during the final year of the Presidency of

6776:"The Great Sioux Nation v. the "Black Snake": Native American Rights and the Keystone XL Pipeline" 2329:

and other wildlife. One of the major concerns was the way in which the original route crossed the

1062:

and was contained shortly after detection 35 miles (56 km) south of the Ludden pump station.

15534: 15209: 15084: 15079: 13987: 13942: 13915: 13414: 13317: 11377: 11123: 10542: 10400: 10147: 9891: 9113: 8927: 8002: 7097: 7088: 6321: 6172: 5197: 4379:

De Souza, Mike. (April 10, 2016). "TransCanada restarts Keystone pipeline after repairing leak".

3913: 3640: 3566:"Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science To Tackle the Climate Crisis" 3410: 3311: 2795: 2655:

On November 17, 2017, the pipeline leaked around 9,600 barrels (1,530 m) onto farmland near

2538: 2465: 2440: 2271: 2263: 2087: 1869: 1813: 1442: 1253: 1215: 942: 9325: 8555: 8529: 6852: 3161:"TransCanada Receives Final Key Gulf Coast Project Permit Construction Set to Begin this Summer" 2764:, had also urged the State Department to block Keystone XL for greenhouse gas emission reasons. 2062:

In 2013, frustrated by delays in getting approval for Keystone XL (via the Gulf of Mexico), the

1804:, legal experts questioned whether the U.S. government was "flouting the intent" of the Federal 1347:

the project would be reassessed (but not abandoned); the Canadian part would proceed as before.

997:

granted a permit to proceed. and in March 2010, the National Energy Board approved the project.

15599: 15170: 15150: 15135: 14963: 14333: 13758: 13718: 13489:

Minimizing the Economic Burden of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Pending Repeal

13251: 12449: 11948: 10749:"Keystone XL: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessments in the Final Environmental Impact Statement" 10331: 9450:"Keystone pipeline spills 210,000 gallons of oil on eve of permitting decision for TransCanada" 8344:"Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein charged with trespassing in Keystone XL protest" 5569: 4417:"Keystone pipeline spills 210,000 gallons of oil on eve of permitting decision for TransCanada" 3000: 2925:, at the same time providing feedstock to refineries in Montreal, Quebec City, and Saint John. 2678: 2485: 2397: 2091: 1694: 1306: 1281: 1246: 1184: 1112: 929:

From January 2018 through December 31, 2019, Keystone XL development costs were $ 1.5 billion.

10471: 9886: 9831: 7437: 5915: 4274: 4186: 4157: 4131: 4101: 4027: 3847: 3818: 3707: 1607:

took action intended to permit the pipeline's completion, whereupon TC Energy suspended their

1549:

pipeline phase is a 47-mile (76 km) pipeline to transport crude oil from the pipeline in

15491: 15273: 15001: 14703: 14599: 14587: 13695: 13674: 13642: 13610: 13589: 13579: 13569: 13548: 13538: 13528: 13518: 13508: 13498: 13488: 12264: 12248: 9955: 8584: 7760: 6087: 6000: 5304:"TransCanada Corp to overhaul its business in US$ 13B acquisition of Columbia Pipeline Group" 4488: 3998: 3942: 3106: 2995: 2701: 2656: 2546: 2293: 2075: 2040: 1906:

by diverting oil sands oil from the Midwest refineries to the Gulf Coast and export markets.

1726: 1582: 1550: 1494: 1434: 1411: 1335:

to file an application for stay to the Supreme Court. The application was granted a hearing.

1059: 1009: 950: 946: 880: 851: 847: 785: 740: 655: 528: 404: 274: 143: 9396: 6149:"Alberta to pursue compensation through NAFTA for U.S. decision on Keystone XL, Kenney says" 4640: 3214: 3046:

The Alberta government placed a $ 30,000 ad entitled "Keystone XL: The Choice of Reason" in

1374:, but TransCanada announced plans to buy ConocoPhillips' interest in Keystone in June 2009. 15248: 15118: 14822: 14387: 13957: 12204: 11669: 11087: 9093: 7811: 7265:"U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce: The Keystone XL Pipeline" 5974: 5818: 3975: 3289: 2918: 2780: 2553: 2542: 2330: 2190: 1674: 1586: 1438: 1230: 1158: 1127: 1081: 908: 153: 139: 10771: 9778: 9704: 4437: 2836: 2590:

asserted that all but a few of these conditions simply restate current minimum standards.

883:, to "transport of up to 830,000 barrels per day (132,000 m/d) of crude oil from the 8: 15456: 15283: 14681: 14553: 14399: 14357: 14339: 14325: 12500: 12025: 11872: 11224: 11141: 10794: 10651: 9983: 9454: 8348: 8126: 7441: 7169: 6469: 6225: 5792:"Order in Pending Case: Army Corps of Engineers, ET AL. V. N. Plains Res. Council, ET AL" 4441: 4421: 4278: 4025: 2901: 2607: 2557:

Ogallala Aquifer that is one of the most productive and important aquifers in the world."

2131: 1423: 1415: 1074: 1021: 1013: 842:

took action intended to permit the pipeline's completion. On January 20, 2021, President

813: 13499:

Expediting Environmental Reviews and Approvals for High Priority Infrastructure Projects

9858: 7235:"Rosebud Sioux Tribe Calls House Keystone XL Passage an 'Act of War,' Vows Legal Action" 6642: 4248: 3033:

as an independent economic utility in February 2012, sidestepping the requirement for a

1961:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

916: 15680: 15466: 14786: 14747: 14499: 13908: 13746: 13040: 11082: 11040: 10925: 10905: 10856: 10802: 10779: 10756: 10748: 10733: 10707: 10676: 10274: 10122: 9920: 9506: 9357: 9069: 8907: 8739: 8282: 8235: 8056: 7909: 7868: 7708: 7672: 7498: 7193: 6908: 6829: 6756: 6686: 6152: 6055: 5968: 5687: 5419: 5040: 4822: 4675: 3766: 3738: 3389: 3234: 2815: 2524:"Contaminants from a release at the Missouri or Yellowstone River crossing would enter 2435: 2279: 2208: 2026: 1534: 1291:

In October 2019, the State Department solicited comments on its new draft supplemental

1222: 1218:

government under Trudeau had a positive impact on Canadians' attitudes of the project.

1203: 1104: 732: 10723:"Oil Sands and the Keystone XL Pipeline: Background and Selected Environmental Issues" 9649: 7960: 6196:"Premier Jason Kenney to respond after Keystone XL permit revoked by executive action" 5384: 4965:"Half of Canadians in favour of Keystone XL revival while U.S. support declines: Poll" 3467: 1394: 1183:

signing the Presidential memoranda to advance the construction of the Keystone XL and

15624: 15592: 15426: 15305: 15219: 14968: 14890: 14189: 13770: 11151: 11146: 10827: 9362: 9285: 8270: 8260: 8239: 8227: 8207: 8061: 7057: 7049: 7015: 6913: 6858: 6793:"Keystone XL would destroy our Native lands. This is why we fight | Dallas Goldtooth" 6760: 6748: 6690: 6263: 5233: 5202: 5001: 4933: 3645: 2855:

Gallup (March 2012): 57% government should approve, 29% government should not approve

2530: 2510: 2381: 2008:

In 2010 Glen Perry, a petroleum engineer for Adira Energy, warned that including the

1989: 1914: 1526: 1498: 1407: 1399: 1318: 1089: 1058:

in November 2017. This leak occurred early in the morning on November 16, 2017, near

1040: 1001: 986: 896: 876: 864: 781: 764: 635: 394: 286: 129: 14858: 13427: 9925: 9752:"Keystone Pipeline shuts down after oil leak, halting flow of 600,000 barrels a day" 7755: 6996: 2749: 1433:

The United States section is 2,219 kilometres (1,379 mi) long. It runs through

1000:

In June 2010, Keystone Pipeline (Phase I) was completed and was delivering oil from

15448: 15214: 15113: 14798: 14646: 12329: 12220: 11962: 10621: 9654: 9193: 8648: 8219: 7635: 7468: 7268: 6963: 6740: 6676: 5501: 5389: 5281: 5114: 5059: 4996: 4827: 4252: 3786: 3681: 3602: 3570: 2841: 2489: 2393: 2389: 2362: 2354: 2334: 2224: 2125: 2071: 2048: 1767: 1596:

blocked the project, causing TC Energy to instigate a US$ 15 billion lawsuit under

1530: 1427: 1419: 1093: 1025: 1017: 990: 912: 868: 801: 414: 157: 9592: 9324:(Press release). Office of Governor of Nebraska. November 15, 2011. Archived from 7121:"'State Department' Keystone XL Report Actually Written By TransCanada Contractor" 1793:

questioned the impartiality of the environmental analysis of the pipeline done by

15548: 15288: 15241: 15006: 14956: 14560: 14462: 14424: 13466: 12338: 11987: 11969: 11166: 10977: 10967: 10817: 10505: 9172:"Expert Warns That TransCanada's Keystone XL Pipeline Assessments Are Misleading" 8760: 8746: 8728: 8722:

How Pipelines Make the Oil Market Work – Their Networks, Operation and Regulation

8704: 7979: 7886: 7367: 5747: 5725: 2897: 2745: 2619: 2534: 2503: 2349: 2322: 2259: 2103: 1781:, which has the state constitutional authority to approve gas and oil pipelines. 1689: 1650: 1574: 1509: 888: 797: 793: 14902: 10166:"Re: Keystone XL Pipeline Project; EPA Comment Letter on Final Supplemental EIS" 7267:. U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce. Archived from 6226:"Koch Brothers Positioned To Be Big Winners If Keystone XL Pipeline Is Approved" 1666:

urging them to request documents from Koch Industries relating to the pipeline.

1585:. This phase generated the greatest controversy because of its routing over the 14934: 14393: 12700: 11560: 10452: 10431: 10336: 10304: 8721: 8185: 8095: 8052:"Citing Climate Change, Obama Rejects Construction of Keystone XL Oil Pipeline" 7370:, Energy Issue Brief, Jackson School of Geosciences, Univ. of Texas, Aug. 2014. 7347: 6378:"Keystone XL pipeline rejection signals US taking lead on climate change fight" 6349: 5769: 5166: 4892: 4613: 4554:"TransCanada to Work with Department of State on New Keystone XL Route Options" 4003: 2717: 2525: 2518: 2370: 2326: 2255: 2151: 2044: 1771: 1751: 1746: 1679: 1578: 1371: 1332: 1199: 1170: 1143: 1036: 970: 966: 892: 789: 645: 538: 10869:

Interactive maps of Keystone XL route from Canadian border to Texas Gulf Coast

10043: 9507:"Keystone pipeline leak in South Dakota about double previous estimate: paper" 8923:"Exclusive: State Dept. Hid Contractor's Ties to Keystone XL Pipeline Company" 8223: 7084:"EXCLUSIVE: State Dept. Hid Contractor's Ties to Keystone XL Pipeline Company" 6744: 5941: 15644: 15578: 15562: 15441: 15300: 15293: 14951: 14810: 14774: 14656: 14581: 14574: 13837:

Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals (2018)

13810:

Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals (2017)

13186: 11209: 11186: 11133: 10847: 10538:"Enbridge Sees One-Year Delay in U.S. Approval for Cross-Border Oil Pipeline" 9547:"The Keystone Pipeline oil spill was nearly twice as big as TransCanada said" 9366: 8274: 8231: 8065: 7402: 7093: 7053: 6917: 6752: 6681: 6664: 6267: 5206: 5005: 4855:"Department of State: Record of Decision and National Interest Determination" 4703: 3649: 2469: 2318: 2275: 2178: 2147: 2017: 1931: 1922: 1710: 1206: 1116: 688: 571: 447: 320: 68: 10486:

Alaska watches Canadians consider shipping tar sands oil across Arctic Ocean

9266:"Developer Abandons Keystone XL Pipeline Project, Ending Decade-Long Battle" 9237: 9019: 8441:"Biggest Environmental Rally in Decades Attracts Nationwide Media Attention" 8208:"Blockadia Rising: Rowdy Greens, Direct Action and the Keystone XL Pipeline" 7061: 6657: 6485: 2900:

that flowed from the Gulf of Mexico to the Cushing hub. In cooperation with

15520: 14996: 14722: 14434: 14381: 14375: 14369: 10427:"Keystone pipeline: TransCanada to Shorten Route and Bypass Federal Review" 8824: 8643: 8376: 8165: 7756:"Senate rejects effort to ban Keystone pipeline exports and use U.S. steel" 7174: 7044: 6797: 6382: 6258: 5084: 4438:"Keystone Poses 'No Significant Impacts' to Most Resources Along Path – US" 2914: 2802:, sharply criticized opponents of oil sands development in a speech to the 2761: 2741: 2578: 2573: 2562: 2514: 2220: 2186: 2174: 2170: 2144:

The project met with active public opposition when it was first announced.

2083: 1985: 1886: 1831: 1655: 1604: 1593: 1302: 1192: 1180: 1163: 839: 835: 809: 788:, by a shorter route and a larger-diameter pipe. It would have run through 760: 10868: 10722: 10696: 10065:"EPA slams Keystone for 'significant' emissions and climate change impact" 9724:"Investigators, cleanup crews begin scouring oil pipeline spill in Kansas" 8254: 7887:"GLI_keystoneXL_Reportpdf | The ILR School | Cornell University" 6599:"A Study of Water and Sediment Quality as Related to Public Health Issues" 6571:

Swift, Anthony; Casey-Lefkowitz, Susan; Shope, Elizabeth (February 2011).

5598:"Alberta makes it official: Bill passed and proclaimed to kill carbon tax" 4077:"TransCanada's Keystone pipeline ready for flow, but is the market there?" 735:

system in Canada and the United States, commissioned in 2010 and owned by

15585: 15039: 14730: 14671: 14414: 14405: 14351: 13611:

Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States

13529:

Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States

11032: 9805:"House members say tar sands pipeline will undermine clean energy future" 9593:"Keystone pipeline shut after spilling 9,000 barrels of oil in N. Dakota" 9307: 9303: 9109:"TransCanada Requests Suspension of U.S. Permit for Keystone XL Pipeline" 8418: 7961:

Williston Basin crude oil production and takeaway capacity are increasing

7155: 4762: 3546:"Canceled Keystone XL Pipeline project has final hearing in South Dakota" 2950: 2768: 2380:" in response to concerns that the project was not in the United States' 2366: 2361:

Since 2010, there were concerns that a pipeline spill could threaten the

2338: 2302: 2297: 2247: 2212: 2197: 2079: 1861: 1763: 1088:" in response to concerns that the project was not in the United States' 14781: 10044:"Keystone XL Pipeline Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement" 4466:"Pipe dreams? Jobs Gained, Jobs Lost by the Construction of Keystone XL" 2020:

hoped to recoup significant construction-related tolls, though the U.S.

15476: 14896: 14735: 14363: 14345: 13675:

Establishment of Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity

12257: 11720: 11097: 9436:"Keystone Pipeline spill in South Dakota twice as big as first thought" 5682:"Supreme Court Won't Block Ruling to Halt Work on Keystone XL Pipeline" 4586: 4557: 4053: 3917: 3282: 3168: 3141: 3083: 2784: 2566: 2426:

Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs

2286: 2232: 2182: 1881: 1868:

We are outraged at the lack of intergovernmental cooperation. We are a

1659: 1557:

area. This phase was constructed 2013 to 2016 and went online in 2017.

1150: 993:, United States, became operational in June 2010. Later that year, the 10874: 10013:

Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, Keystone XL Project

9705:"Milepost 14 Incident – TC Energy actively responding to oil incident" 6709: 6254:"Koch company declared 'substantial interest' in Keystone XL pipeline" 4216:

Pipe dreams? Jobs Gained, Jobs Lost by the Construction of Keystone XL

3522: 3414: 2712:

Pipeline construction could affect water supplies upstream of several

15431: 13931: 11706: 11054: 9551: 7295: 5741:

Northern Plains Res. Council v. United States Army Corps of Engineers

5653: 4924: 2641: 2267: 2216: 1910: 1895: 1839: 1618: 1366: 1351: 1263: 843: 821: 736: 670: 553: 429: 302: 173: 93: 83: 9209:"Keystone XL Pipeline Safety Standards Not as Rigorous as They Seem" 8026:"How defeating Keystone XL built a bolder, savvier climate movement" 6443: 6168:"Keystone XL Pipeline Obtains Enough Shipper Commitments to Proceed" 6090:(Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. State Department. November 10, 2011 5192:"South Dakota Regulator Raises Prospect of Revoking Keystone Permit" 5080:"Keystone XL: Trump issues permit to begin construction of pipeline" 3188:"Gulf Coast Project Begins Delivering Crude Oil to Nederland, Texas" 1365:

The company, which changed its name from TransCanada Corporation to

899:. Cushing is a major crude oil marketing/refining and pipeline hub. 15555: 12441:

Links between Trump administration and Russian government officials

11105: 10935: 10792: 9421:"November spill from Keystone pipeline larger than first estimated" 8951:, .S. Environmental Protection Agency, pp. 1–7, archived from 8675: 8471: 8397: 7973:

Quebec tragedy reminds us pipelines are safest way to transport oil

7742:"Republicans aim to take Keystone XL decision out of Obama's hands" 7612: 7558: 6975: 6031: 4785: 3011:

List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 21st century

2905:

line alone is not enough for oil transportation to the Gulf Coast.

2893: 2377: 2238: 2013: 1474: 1274: 1210: 1085: 752: 619: 15381:

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act

10769: 10746: 10720: 10691: 7011:"Keystone XL: State Department cleared of conflict, not ineptness" 5570:"Bill Status Report for the 30th Legislature – 1st Session (2019)" 3259: 3257: 2968:

In early January 2016, TransCanada announced it would initiate an

2861:

Rasmussen (January 2014): 57% favor, 28% oppose (of likely voters)

2292:

On March 2, 2014, approximately 1000–1200 protesters marched from

2196:

By August 11, there were over 1000 nonviolent arrests at the

1142:

pipeline easements on their properties in order to exercise their

15268: 14769: 13580:

Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice

13570:

Core Principles for Regulating the United States Financial System

10373: 10368: 9863: 9728: 8945:

Letter from C. Giles (EPA) to J. Fernandez & K.-A. Jones (SD)

8852: 8615: 8372:"Keystone XL protesters pressure Obama on climate change promise" 7438:"TransCanada: Oil Sands Exports Will Go To Asia If Blocked In US" 7040:"Keystone XL pipeline report slammed by activists and scientists" 6697: 6431:"Keystone pipeline decision faces special U.S. review | CBC News" 6230: 5875: 5845: 5750:, Nos. 20-35412, 20-35414, and 20-35415 (9th. Cir., May 28, 2020) 5414:"Keystone XL Pipeline Plan Is Approved by Nebraska Supreme Court" 5335: 4528: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 2955:

United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma

2772: 2669: 2627: 2615: 2611: 2251: 2155: 2067: 1899: 1645: 1570: 1554: 1005: 938: 805: 748: 13590:

Establishing the Task Force on Crime Reduction and Public Safety

10280: 10096:"EPA: Keystone XL Pipeline Will Impact Global Warming – US News" 9478:"Keystone Pipeline leaks 210,000 gallons of oil in South Dakota" 6564: 6465:"Trump seeks to revive Dakota Access, Keystone XL oil pipelines" 5765:"Keystone XL Pipeline Stays Blocked in U.S. Supreme Court Order" 2750:

necessary to take the tar and turn it into a usable fuel product

1354:

revoked the permit for the pipeline on his first day in office.

15374: 14676: 10909: 8318:"Green Party presidential hopeful arrested in pipeline protest" 8152: 8115: 8113: 7845:"Alberta exploring at least two oil pipeline projects to North" 6444:

Eric Bradner; Dan Merica; Brianna Keilar (September 22, 2015).

6245: 5612: 5135:"Nebraska approves path for controversial Keystone XL pipeline" 4585:(Press release). TransCanada. November 14, 2011. Archived from 4556:(Press release). TransCanada. November 10, 2011. Archived from 4395:"Keystone Pipeline Leak Was Twice as Big as Previously Thought" 3871: 3869: 3373:"The link between Keystone XL and Canadian oilsands production" 3254: 2840:

Protest near construction work for the Keystone XL pipeline in

2136:

premium that they would not get sending it to Gulf refineries.

1446: 817: 64: 10592:"Independent refiner CVR sues TransCanada's Keystone Pipeline" 10448:"Obama's Speedy Keystone Review Won't Accelerate Cushing Pipe" 9520:"National Transportation Safety Board Pipeline Accident Brief" 7807:"Oil pipeline from Canada stirring anger in U.S. Great Plains" 6219: 6217: 3848:"TransCanada, ConocoPhillips To Expand Keystone To Gulf Coast" 3677:"Keystone XL pipeline nixed after Biden stands firm on permit" 3332: 2957:

seeking injunctive relief and petitioning for a review of the

2517:

crossing and more than 120,000 barrels (19,000 m) at the

1340:

US Army Corps of Engineers v. Northern Plains Resource Council

719: 10917: 9650:"South Dakota Keystone XL opponents point to N. Dakota spill" 9322:"Gov. Heineman: Pipeline Re-Routing is Nebraska Common Sense" 9003:

letter to U.S. Dept. of State concerning Keystone XL pipeline

8585:"Gulf Disaster Raises Alarms about Alberta to Texas Pipeline" 6342: 5898:"A look at the history of the Keystone XL pipeline expansion" 5814:"Biden nixes Keystone XL permit, halts Arctic refuge leasing" 5544:"Alberta's energy war room now called Canadian Energy Centre" 3943:"TransCanada: Keystone Construction to Start Early Next Year" 2973: 2896:

announced it was buying ConocoPhillips's 50% interest in the

1597: 1406:

This 3,456-kilometre-long (2,147 mi) pipeline runs from

1047: 895:, on their way to the storage and distribution facilities at 756: 13900: 13622:

Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis

13519:

Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States

10772:"Presidential Permits for Border Crossing Energy Facilities" 10327:"Enterprise, Enbridge Propose Keystone Pipeline Alternative" 10301:"Enbridge Plans to Reverse Pipe Between Cushing and Houston" 9832:"Enviro Groups, 50 Congressmen Mobilize Against Keystone XL" 8611:"Nebraska governor signs bills to reroute Keystone pipeline" 8393:"Thousands rally in Washington to protest Keystone pipeline" 8110: 7905:"Enbridge damage: Utility, road fixes could hit $ 1 million" 7654:

AP: Obama Understates Keystone XL Pipeline Jobs By Thousands

6292:. Committee on Energy and Commerce Democrats. Archived from 5466:"State Department Solicits Comments On Keystone XL Pipeline" 5229:"A judge just dealt a potentially fatal blow to Keystone XL" 5162:"TransCanada Asks Nebraska to Reconsider Keystone XL Ruling" 4758:"Congress clears Keystone XL pipeline bill, setting up veto" 3866: 3134:"Keystone's Cushing Extension Begins Deliveries to Oklahoma" 2513:

crossings, more than 140,000 barrels (22,000 m) at the

2369:

reserves. The Ogallala Aquifer spans eight states, provides

2344: 1845:

During the 2014 Pacific Northwest Economic Region Summit in

1493:

pipeline phase connected the Keystone pipeline (phase 1) in

1252:

In February 2019, District Judge Morris denied a request by

1191:

On January 24, 2017, in his first week in office, President

1115:

cleared the way for construction, after Republican Governor

15351:

National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women

9393:"Draft Supplementary Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS)" 8820:"Keystone XL pipeline: Obama rejects controversial project" 7697: 7695: 6362: 6214: 6082: 6080: 6078: 4904: 4720:"Senate Rejects Keystone XL Pipeline Bill, In A Close Vote" 4626: 4068: 3550: 3209: 3207: 3205: 2969: 1008:, over 3,456 kilometres (2,147 mi) to the junction at 12055: 11254: 10140: 9566:"PHMSA: Stakeholder Communications – Operator Information" 7838: 7836: 7834: 7636:"Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS)" 6939:

Special Review of the Keystone XL Pipeline Permit Process.

5385:"Court lifts injunction blocking Keystone XL oil pipeline" 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4641:"Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) 3308:"Premier Kenney announces Keystone XL pipeline investment" 1398:

Keystone 30 in (760 mm) pipeline (phase 1) near

926:

The original Keystone Pipeline cost US$ 5.2 billion.

10944: 10673:

TransCanada to launch NAFTA claim over Keystone rejection

10364:"Seaway pipeline sends oil to Texas in historic reversal" 10143:"TransCanada Rebuts EPA Comments on Keystone XL Pipeline" 9756: 9681: 9623: 9482: 9270: 9064:"Senate Fails to Override Obama's Keystone Pipeline Veto" 9038: 8980: 8977:"Oil, money and politics; EPA snags Keystone XL pipeline" 8256:

This changes everything : capitalism vs. the climate

8043: 7585: 7581:"Keystone pipeline: How many jobs it would really create" 7178:, November 21, 2011 8:00 am. Retrieved November 24, 2011. 6882:"Daryl Hannah freed following arrest in pipeline protest" 6570: 6449: 5649:"Investing US$ 8.0 billion in the North American economy" 5475: 5139: 4724: 2453: 1262:

In May 2019, TransCanada Corporation changed its name to

13509:

Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements

10618:"NRDC's Suit to Block Canada-US Oil Pipeline Thrown Out" 8848:"TransCanada proposes new Keystone XL route in Nebraska" 8303:"Protesters in Texas climb trees to block pipeline work" 8142:"Protesters in Texas climb trees to block pipeline work" 7798: 7692: 7659: 7209:"Canada's US ambassador pushes for Keystone XL decision" 6897: 6895: 6345:"Statement by the President on the Keystone XL Pipeline" 6075: 5871:"Pipeline company TransCanada changes name to TC Energy" 5621:"Keystone XL to proceed with $ 7B provincial commitment" 5331:"Pipeline company TransCanada changes name to TC Energy" 5296: 5055:"Memorandum on Construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline" 4662: 3202: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3070: 3068: 3066: 2321:, and for leaks and spills, that could pollute critical 2003: 11970:

Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014

10117:"House Passes Keystone Bill Despite Obama's Opposition" 7831: 6001:"TransCanada: Keystone Construction to Begin in Spring" 5350: 5256:

Indigenous Environmental Network v. Department of State

4946: 4671:"Obama Facing Rising Pressure on Keystone Oil Pipeline" 3760:

Broder, John M.; Krauss, Clifford (February 28, 2012).

3732:

Broder, John M.; Krauss, Clifford (February 28, 2012).

2262:; Chief Jacqueline Thomas, immediate past chief of the 1497:, south through Kansas to the oil hub and tank farm in 1154:

United States" in climate-change-related negotiations.

1130:

four days later in a 59-41 votes, failing to reach the

1100:

this project a priority, to go ahead and get it done."

959:

Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada

11956:

Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act

8122:"Shining Light on Obama's Tar Sands Pipeline Decision" 7944:

Canada train disaster bolsters pipeline case: Our view

7608:"Obama Questions Keystone XL Pipeline Job Projections" 7189:"'Trains or pipelines,' Doer warns U.S. over Keystone" 5104: 5102: 3901: 2661:

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

2446: 2357:

with the proposed Keystone XL pipeline route laid over

1173:

and a terminal was completed, and was online in 2017.

1048:

Pipeline Hazardous Materials and Safety Administration

812:

would have been added to the Keystone's throughput of

14758: 13457: 9859:"Key US lawmaker opposes Canadian oil sands pipeline" 9619:"Keystone Pipeline Leak 10 Times Worse than Expected" 8754:

Myth vs. Fact: KXL will Threaten the Ogallala Aquifer

8182:"Activists Launch Keystone XL Blockade in East Texas" 7855: 7483: 6902:

Rosenthal, Elisabeth; Frosch, Dan (October 7, 2011).

6892: 6706:"Community, Aboriginal and Native American Relations" 4210: 4208: 3442:"US leg of controversial Canadian oil pipeline opens" 3401: 3399: 3328:. NK Research Corp. Canadian Insider. March 31, 2020. 3175: 3148: 3121: 3076:"Keystone Pipeline Starts Deliveries to U.S. Midwest" 3063: 1209:

attended North America's largest energy conference –

981:

In September 2009, the NEB – replaced in 2019 by the

13549:

Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs

10236:

56% See Keystone XL Pipeline As Good for the Economy

10199: 10197: 9979:"How Much Will Tar Sands Oil Add to Global Warming?" 9907: 9475: 9008: 8639:"GOP bill would force action on Canada oil pipeline" 8578: 8576: 8549: 8547: 7926:"Lac-Mégantic: How to get rid of a town's oil stain" 7395: 6904:"Pipeline Review Is Faced With Question of Conflict" 6515: 6513: 5562: 5274:"Judge keeps most Keystone XL pipeline work on hold" 4810: 4808: 4460: 4458: 4042: 3910:"TransCanada Proposes Keystone Oil Pipeline Project" 2921:, that would extend as far east as the port city of 1481:

County, Illinois. Phase 1 went online in June 2010.

1271:

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

15571:

Richard Cardinal: Cry from a Diary of a Métis Child

12694:

Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election

10160: 10158: 9916:"Pressure in U.S. mounts against oilsands pipeline" 9448:Mufson, Steven; Mooney, Chris (November 16, 2017). 8731:, December 2001, Association of Oil Pipe Lines and 8468:"Thousands rally in D.C. against Keystone Pipeline" 7881: 7879: 7555:"Keystone pipeline: How many jobs really at stake?" 7497:(Report). Perryman Group. June 2010. Archived from 6539: 5522:"Canadian Energy Centre: Minister Savage Statement" 5132: 5099: 4548: 4546: 4436:Tracy, Tennille; Welsch, Edward (August 26, 2011). 4415:Mufson, Steven; Mooney, Chris (November 17, 2017). 4242: 4240: 4181: 4179: 4125: 4123: 3436: 3434: 3432: 2561:Portions of the pipeline will also cross an active 2457:objections" and 2 for "insufficient information"). 2333:, the large wetland ecosystem in Nebraska, and the 1288:'s approval of TransCanada's pipeline application. 10218:"Americans favor Keystone XL pipeline, 2011-03-22" 10115: 9350: 9062: 8120:Radford, Philip; Hannah, Daryl (August 29, 2011). 6343:Office of the Press Secretary (November 5, 2015). 5967: 5680: 5412: 5322: 5190: 5071: 4888:"Obama rejects TransCanada's Keystone XL pipeline" 4815: 4669:Davenport, Coral; Smith, Mitch (January 9, 2015). 4249:"EPA: Keystone XL impact statement needs revising" 4205: 3968: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3396: 3230:"Obama rejects TransCanada's Keystone XL Pipeline" 2870:CBS News – Roper (May 2014): 56% favor, 28% oppose 2858:Pew Center (September 2013): 65% favor, 30% oppose 2219:movement. On September 27, 2012, protesters began 15630:Index of articles related to Indigenous Canadians 15471: 13539:Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Appointees 11207: 10194: 9878: 9823: 8573: 8544: 8315: 7516: 7429: 7211:. energyglobal.com. July 24, 2014. Archived from 7159:, November 24, 2011. Retrieved November 24, 2011. 6823:Kaufman, Leslie; Frosch, Dan (October 17, 2011). 6510: 6288:Waxman, Henry A.; Rush, Bobby L. (May 20, 2011). 6051:"The politics of pipe: Keystone's troubled route" 5833: 5078:Jamieson, Amber; Vaughan, Adam (March 24, 2017). 4805: 4752: 4750: 4455: 2317:Environmental concerns include the potential for 1169:In mid-2016, a lateral pipeline to refineries at 907:23 pump stations and delivery facilities at 15642: 13643:Review of Designations Under the Antiquities Act 10292: 10155: 10141:Amy Harder and Lee Roberts (February 11, 2015). 8789:"TransCanada Wins as Obama Keystone Permit Seen" 8414:"40,000 People Reported at Climate Change Rally" 7876: 7522: 6962: 6876: 6874: 5643: 5641: 4920:"Obama administration rejects Keystone pipeline" 4543: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4429: 4346: 4319: 4292: 4266: 4237: 4176: 4150: 4120: 4094: 3727: 3725: 3636:"Keystone XL Oil Project Abandoned by Developer" 3429: 2552:"The worst-case site for such a spill is in the 10648:"Enviros Sue to Stop Keystone Pipeline Project" 10396:"More Pipelines Needed to Follow Seaway's Path" 9857:Rascoe, Ayesha; Haggett, Scott (July 6, 2010). 9802: 9722:Seba, Erwin; Williams, Nia (December 9, 2022). 9715: 9234:"Myths & Facts | Keystone XL Pipeline" 8698:Map of Pipelines and the Ogallala Aquifer, 2012 8514: 7735: 7733: 7731: 7546: 7292:"Say Yes To Building The Keystone Oil Pipeline" 7031: 7003: 6901: 6635:"Earl Hatley: Portrait of an Oklahoma activist" 6188: 6027:"TransCanada begins Keystone pipeline in Texas" 5995: 5993: 5590: 5077: 3999:"ConocoPhillips Acquires 50% Stake in Keystone" 3907: 3663: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3392:. Canadian Energy Regulator. December 15, 2020. 2864:USA Today (January 2014): 56% favor, 41% oppose 2211:launched an indefinite tree sit in East Texas; 1913:, including crude from Venezuela's own massive 1700: 11880:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 11487:Joint session of Congress (health care reform) 10857:2017 Presidential Permit application documents 10848:2012 Presidential Permit application documents 10299:Lee, Mike; Klump, Edward (November 16, 2011). 9885:Dvorak, Phred; Welsch, Edward (July 8, 2010). 9677:"Oil prices rise after keystone pipeline leak" 9647: 8840: 8776:Smaller oil pipeline to cross Ogallala Aquifer 8602: 7552: 6446:"Hillary Clinton opposes Keystone XL pipeline" 6107: 6105: 4747: 4668: 4577: 4575: 4246: 4019: 3937: 3935: 3842: 3840: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3050:to counter the editorial (CBC March 17, 2013). 1978: 1673:, and after Republicans gained control of the 14844: 14020:Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act 13916: 13443: 12041: 11240: 10890: 9856: 9352:"Editorial: Tar Sands and the Carbon Numbers" 9345: 9343: 9264:Brady, Jeff; Banerjee, Neela (June 9, 2021). 9263: 8941: 8119: 7998:"In Dakota Oil Patch, Trains Trump Pipelines" 7815:. McClatchy Washington Bureau. Archived from 7668:"Oil sands awash in excess pipeline capacity" 6871: 6822: 6818: 6816: 6493:"Keystone XL Pipeline and Indigenous Peoples" 5638: 4508: 4355:Amended Corrective Action Order April 9, 2016 4301:Amended Corrective Action Order June 28, 2011 3781: 3779: 3777: 3722: 3515:"Keystone XL Pipeline » Keystone XL 101" 2731: 2677:On October 31, 2019, a rupture occurred near 2495:Other items of note in Stansbury's analysis: 2169:. A broad coalition of protesters, including 1959:. The reason given is: 2020 oil price crash. 1350:On January 20, 2021, United States President 1149:On November 3, 2015, U.S. Secretary of State 985:(CER) – started hearings. The pipeline, from 12559:Political interference with science agencies 10446:Olson, Bradley; Lee, Mike (March 22, 2012). 10262:Public approves of Keystone pipeline project 9884: 9721: 9447: 9441: 9089:"GOP Threatens to Subpoena State Department" 8390: 7861: 7728: 7701: 7665: 7378: 7376: 7170:"The U.S. and Canada: we used to be friends" 6627: 6048: 6044: 6042: 5990: 5908: 4938:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4414: 4410: 4408: 4275:"EPA Calls for Further Study of Keystone XL" 4074: 3759: 3731: 3622: 3468:"Short-Term Energy and Winter Fuels Outlook" 3097: 3095: 3093: 2644:compared to extraction of conventional oil. 15508:Portrayals of the residential school system 13696:Promoting Healthcare Choice and Competition 10807:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 10795:"Keystone XL Pipeline: Recent Developments" 10784:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 10761:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 10738:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 10712:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 10006:"4.14: Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change" 9913: 9527:National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) 9431: 9429: 9134: 9132: 8811: 8161:"Keystone: pipeline to Obama's re-election" 7864:"Oil differential darkens Alberta's budget" 6825:"Eminent Domain Fight Has a Canadian Twist" 6669:International Journal of Circumpolar Health 6142: 6140: 6102: 5447:In re Application No. OP-0003 (TransCanada) 4572: 4524:"Keystone modifications call Obama's bluff" 4435: 4158:"Keystone XL Clears Hurdle In South Dakota" 3991: 3932: 3882:(Report). 2019. p. 190. Archived from 3837: 3805: 3590: 3353:(Report). United States Department of State 2480: 1569:pipeline would start from the same area in 763:and an oil pipeline distribution center in 14851: 14837: 13923: 13909: 13450: 13436: 13224:America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 12048: 12034: 11247: 11233: 10897: 10883: 10859:from the United States Department of State 10697:"Keystone XL Pipeline Project: Key Issues" 10387: 10325:Lee, Mike; Olson, Bradley (May 19, 2012). 10205:Continued Support for Keystone XL Pipeline 10093: 9771: 9591:Kumar, Devika Krishna (October 31, 2019). 9502: 9500: 9340: 8935: 8817: 8671:"Obama denies Keystone XL pipeline permit" 8662: 8369: 8287:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8084: 8082: 8023: 7578: 6813: 6287: 6113:Level IV Ecoregions of Kansas and Nebraska 6049:VanderKlippe, Nathan (December 24, 2011). 5960: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5022: 4885: 4737: 4735: 3819:"TransCanada Proposes Second Oil Pipeline" 3774: 3558: 3507: 2223:in the path of the Keystone pipeline near 2139: 2024:did not rule in their favor. According to 1688:In September 2015, Presidential candidate 1669:The pipeline was a prominent issue in the 831:. In 2015, KXL was temporarily delayed by 618: 44: 13794:White House Office of American Innovation 12678:2020 Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration 10793:Congressional Research Service, IN10825. 10650:. Courthouse News Service. Archived from 10583: 10557: 9207:McGowan, Elizabeth (September 19, 2011). 9060: 9016:"Keystone XL Pipeline: About the project" 8900: 8894: 8668: 8630: 8370:Goldenberg, Suzanne (February 17, 2013). 8049: 7862:Vanderklippe, Nathan (January 22, 2013). 7804: 7373: 7289: 7151:"Americans should be thankful for Canada" 6680: 6375: 6159: 6039: 4405: 4052:. TransCanada Corporation. Archived from 3970:"Union calls on Ottawa to block Keystone" 3706:. TransCanada Corporation. Archived from 3696: 3494:"There's No Stopping the Oil Sands Train" 3326:"TC Energy to Build Keystone XL Pipeline" 3090: 3006:List of articles about Canadian oil sands 2991:Environmental racism in the United States 2941:In October 2009, a suit was filed by the 2345:The Sandhills region and Ogallala Aquifer 2312: 2054: 1077:, the economy, and other critical areas. 962:creation in the Canadian energy sector". 850:to revoke the permit that was granted to 15666:Energy infrastructure under construction 15656:Crude oil pipelines in the United States 15198:Violence against Wetʼsuwetʼen protesters 14528:Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech 13877:National Day of Patriotic Devotion, 2017 13654:Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy 11218:) is being considered for deletion. See 10815: 10770:Congressional Research Service, R43261. 10747:Congressional Research Service, R43415. 10721:Congressional Research Service, R42611. 10445: 10393: 10324: 10298: 9829: 9803:Casey-Lefkowitz, Susan (June 23, 2010). 9743: 9426: 9189:"Keystone XL the 'safest pipeline ever'" 9129: 9034:"Obama Vetoes Keystone XL Pipeline Bill" 8818:Goldenberg, Suzanne (January 18, 2012). 8582: 8553: 8411: 8305:. Houston Chronicle. September 25, 2012. 8205: 7382: 7318:"Keystone 'exaggerated rhetoric' untrue" 7316:Hussein, Yadullah (September 23, 2011). 7100:and the Foundation for National Progress 6730: 6525:Bioterrorism Week. (Sept. 19, 2011): p11 6314: 6137: 5868: 5463: 5328: 5227:Thompson, Jonathan (November 15, 2018). 5226: 4781:"Obama Vetoes Keystone XL Pipeline Bill" 4717: 4162:South Dakota Public Utilities Commission 3382: 2835: 2760:'s chairman at the time, Representative 2736:Environmental organizations such as the 2601: 2445:revealed that key personnel employed by 2348: 2237: 2167:2008 United States presidential election 2163:2012 United States presidential election 1880: 1784: 1715:South Dakota Public Utilities Commission 1633: 1503: 1393: 1175: 995:South Dakota Public Utilities Commission 937:The project was proposed in 2005 by the 15661:Energy infrastructure completed in 2010 10904: 10361: 10249:Slight majority backs Keystone pipeline 10130:from the original on February 12, 2015. 9830:Sullivan, Bartholomew (June 24, 2010). 9497: 9423:, Daniel J. Graeber, UPI, April 9, 2018 9416: 9414: 9395:. U.S. State Department. Archived from 9206: 8877:"Final Response to FOIA: "No GIS Data"" 8874: 8712:Guest View: We need crude oil pipelines 8556:"Ed Stelmach's Clumsy American Romance" 8158: 8079: 7842: 7739: 7702:Vanderklippe, Nathan (April 29, 2010). 7666:Vanderklippe, Nathan (April 23, 2010). 7579:Hargreaves, Steve (December 14, 2011). 7401: 7383:Cattaneo, Claudia (September 9, 2011). 7315: 7118: 6703: 6665:"New Appointments in Aboriginal Health" 6497:Indigenous Peoples Issues and Resources 6251: 6223: 5356: 5019: 4732: 4247:Sudekum Fisher, Maria (July 21, 2010). 3310:. Province of Alberta. March 31, 2020. 2887: 2826: 2353:A map showing aquifer thickness of the 14: 15643: 13869: 12710:January 6 United States Capitol attack 10536:Dawson, Chester (September 30, 2014). 10535: 9976: 9643: 9641: 9617:Wolfe, Elizabeth (November 20, 2019). 9259: 9257: 9255: 8781: 8490: 8488: 8341: 8316:James B. Kelleher (October 31, 2012). 8179: 7923: 7805:Goldstein, David (February 13, 2011). 7435: 7346:US Energy Information Administration, 7112: 7037: 6787: 6785: 6608:. www.tothetarsands.ca. Archived from 6462: 6146: 5916:"Valero: Prospective Keystone Shipper" 5811: 5758: 5756: 5678: 5618: 4886:Whitehouse, Obama (November 6, 2015). 4817:"Keystone XL developer drops lawsuits" 4696: 4272: 4129: 3949:. Downstream Today. September 21, 2007 3543: 3491: 3314:from the original on November 7, 2021. 3227: 2800:Canada's Minister of Natural Resources 2583:House Committee on Energy and Commerce 1876: 1540: 1516: 1229:In November 2018, U.S. District Judge 14832: 14005:Classified Information Procedures Act 13904: 13431: 12587:Mueller special counsel investigation 12508:Withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal 12029: 11228: 10878: 10590:Shook, Barbara (September 18, 2009). 10589: 10362:Nichols, Bruce (September 29, 2011). 9998: 9887:"Oil Sands Push Tests US-Canada Ties" 9616: 9590: 9540: 9512: 8669:Montopoli, Brian (January 18, 2012). 8412:Graybeal, Susan (February 18, 2013). 8252: 8088: 8050:Davenport, Coral (November 6, 2015). 7995: 7782: 7523:Brainard, Curtis (January 12, 2012). 7081: 6850: 6641:. www.currentland.com. Archived from 6165: 5762: 5731:No. 19-cv-44 (D. Mont., Apr 15, 2020) 5674: 5672: 5464:Reingold, Olivia (October 31, 2019). 5410: 5188: 4989: 4775: 4773: 4699:"House Approves Keystone XL Pipeline" 4164:. Downstream Today. February 19, 2010 4029:Keystone Pipeline Presidential Permit 3816: 3674: 2614:, Canada, are a very large source of 2396:and a minority of the members of the 2193:challenged him to keep that promise. 2004:Effects on oil industry and consumers 1671:2014 United States mid-term elections 1560: 1484: 1389: 15279:Justice for our Stolen Children Camp 14859:Violence and discrimination against 13829: 12594:Durham special counsel investigation 12189:State funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsberg 11894:Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 9954:. September 24, 2011. Archived from 9749: 9669: 9469: 9411: 9373:from the original on August 28, 2011 8636: 8608: 8465: 8199: 7843:Hussain, Yadullah (April 25, 2013). 7464:TransCanada CEO on Proposed Pipeline 7407:"Foreign interests attack oil sands" 6953:Sen. Bernie Sanders October 26, 2011 6844: 6578:. National Resources Defense Council 6376:Mathiesen, Karl (November 7, 2015). 6224:Sassoon, David (February 10, 2011). 6007:. Downstream Today. October 30, 2007 5427:from the original on August 23, 2019 5382: 5032: 4834:from the original on October 3, 2015 4718:Chappell, Bill (November 18, 2014). 4633: 4521: 4392: 4007:. Downstream Today. January 22, 2008 3979:. NHST Media Group. October 24, 2007 3908:transcanada.com (February 9, 2005). 3633: 3492:Rapier, Robert (November 19, 2013). 3472:US Energy Information Administration 3365: 3318: 3300: 2597: 2414:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 2119:editorial pointed out that the 2013 2022:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 1941: 1820: 1553:, to refineries and terminal in the 949:in 2007. On September 21, 2007, the 771:TransCanada Keystone Pipeline GP Ltd 15339:Truth and Reconciliation Commission 14947:First Nations nutrition experiments 13952:Vice President of the United States 13943:46th President of the United States 13862: 13474: 11192: 10565:"Line 67 Upgrade Project (Phase 2)" 10394:Lefebvre, Ben (November 18, 2011). 9977:Biello, Davied (January 23, 2013). 9648:STEPHEN GROVES (November 1, 2019). 9638: 9252: 9077:from the original on March 4, 2015. 8637:Daly, Matthew (November 30, 2011). 8609:Avok, Michael (November 22, 2011). 8554:Anderson, Mitchell (July 7, 2010). 8522:"World's Largest Aquifer Going Dry" 8485: 8342:Mufson, Steven (October 31, 2012). 8180:Wilder, Forrest (August 16, 2012). 7924:Gillis, Wendy (December 14, 2013). 7553:Sherter, Alain (January 19, 2012). 7241:. November 17, 2014. Archived from 6782: 6596: 6463:Mufson, Steven (January 24, 2017). 5812:Frazin, Rachel (January 20, 2021). 5753: 5519: 5376: 4918:Jackson, Gregory Korte, and David. 4917: 4741:Senate Passes Keystone XL Measure, 2986:Climate change in the United States 2758:House Energy and Commerce Committee 2754:conventionally derived fossil fuels 2647: 2289:completes a review of the project. 2064:Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines 1928:Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines 1756:House Energy and Commerce Committee 1629: 919:(69,200 to 94,000 m) per day. 24: 15686:Trump administration controversies 15607:The Unnatural and Accidental Women 12685:National Garden of American Heroes 12580:Classified information disclosures 12182:State funeral of George H. W. Bush 11013:Line 13 (Southern Lights pipeline) 10685: 9914:O'Meara, Dina (December 8, 2010). 9288:. Natural Resource Defense Council 9061:Davenport, Coral (March 4, 2015). 8391:Talia Buford (February 17, 2013). 7783:Berry, Connor (January 20, 2015). 7764:. Salt Lake City. January 20, 2015 7740:Goodman, Lee-Anne (May 22, 2013). 7239:Indian Country Today Media Network 6968:"Study: Keystone pollution higher" 6317:"Waxman Targets the Koch Brothers" 6252:Feldman, Stacy (October 5, 2011). 6147:Keller, James (February 4, 2021). 5978:. NHST Media Group. March 14, 2008 5669: 4990:Gross, Daniel (November 6, 2015). 4770: 4193:. Downstream Today. March 11, 2010 4075:O'Connor, Phillip (June 8, 2010). 3544:Zionts, Arielle (March 17, 2022). 3265:"TC Energy – Keystone XL Pipeline" 3194:. January 22, 2014. Archived from 3140:. February 8, 2011. Archived from 2012:owned by TransCanada's competitor 1994:Cornell ILR Global Labor Institute 1937: 1852:In contrast, the President of the 1779:Nebraska Public Service Commission 1344:Supreme Court of the United States 1286:Nebraska Public Service Commission 1071:Cornell ILR Global Labor Institute 885:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin 745:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin 220:0.86 million barrels per day (~4.3 25: 15762: 15368:An Act to amend the Criminal Code 13882:National School Choice Week, 2017 13459:Executive actions of Donald Trump 11222:to help reach a consensus. › 10852:United States Department of State 10841: 10624:. October 2, 2009. Archived from 10488:, Alaska Dispatch, April 30, 2013 9438:, Associated Press, April 7, 2018 8795:. October 8, 2012. Archived from 8583:Dembicki, Geoff (June 21, 2010). 8159:Goodman, Amy (November 9, 2011). 8089:Mayer, Jane (November 28, 2011). 7385:"TransCanada in eye of the storm" 6773: 6708:. TransCanada.com. Archived from 6573:"Tar Sands Pipeline Safety Risks" 6166:Monga, Vipal (January 18, 2018). 5969:"Canada-US link gets green light" 5922:. Downstream Today. July 16, 2008 5695:from the original on July 6, 2020 5189:Monga, Vipal (December 1, 2017). 4852: 4697:Namako, Tom (November 14, 2014). 4473:ILR School Global Labor Institute 4223:ILR School Global Labor Institute 3854:. Downstream Today. July 16, 2008 3228:Koring, Paul (November 6, 2015). 2943:Natural Resources Defense Council 2738:Natural Resources Defense Council 2707: 2588:Natural Resources Defense Council 2337:, one of the largest reserves of 1806:National Environmental Policy Act 1758:hearing in May 2011. In his book 1740: 1643:According to a February 10, 2011 1317:which will take place during the 1243:National Environmental Policy Act 975:United States Department of State 887:in Alberta, Canada, and from the 838:. On January 24, 2017, President 486:0.7 million barrels per day (~3.5 38:(partly operational and proposed) 15227:Death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet 14816: 14804: 14792: 14780: 14768: 14743: 14742: 12522:Assassination of Qasem Soleimani 11191: 11180: 10666: 10640: 10610: 10529: 10511: 10491: 10478: 10460: 10439: 10419: 10355: 10318: 10267: 10254: 10241: 10228: 10210: 10134: 10108: 10087: 10057: 10036: 10019: 9970: 9940: 9850: 9796: 9697: 9610: 9584: 9558: 9385: 9278: 9226: 9200: 9182: 9164: 9101: 9081: 9054: 9026: 8995: 8969: 8942:Cynthia Giles (April 22, 2013), 8915: 8875:Bachand, Thomas (July 3, 2013). 8868: 8768: 8690: 8459: 8433: 8405: 8384: 8363: 8335: 8309: 8295: 8246: 8173: 8134: 8017: 7989: 7965: 7953: 7936: 7917: 7897: 7776: 7748: 7646: 7628: 7600: 7572: 7455: 7436:Welsch, Edward (June 30, 2010). 7353: 7340: 7309: 7283: 7257: 7227: 7201: 7181: 7162: 7143: 7075: 6989: 6956: 6944: 6931: 6767: 6724: 6456: 6437: 6423: 6397: 6369: 6353:(Press release). The White House 6336: 6308: 6281: 6019: 5934: 5890: 5862: 5805: 5784: 5715:Northern Plains Resource Council 5411:Smith, Mitch (August 23, 2019). 4522:Kemp, John (September 6, 2012). 4273:Welsch, Edward (July 21, 2010). 4108:. Downstream Today. May 13, 2009 3378:. Pembina Institute. April 2011. 3040: 2831: 2691:2022 Keystone Pipeline oil spill 2447:Environment Resources Management 1946: 1827:Gordie Howe International Bridge 1326:Northern Plains Resource Council 816:(syncrude) and diluted bitumen ( 15422:British Columbia Treaty Process 14667:Hunter Biden laptop controversy 14652:Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory 14215:state and territorial officials 13777:Islamic State of Iraq and Syria 12302:Anonymous senior official op-ed 12004:← George W. Bush administration 9750:Egan, Matt (December 8, 2022). 9597:Thomson Reuters Foundation News 8528:. February 2006. Archived from 8206:Bradshaw, Elizabeth A. (2015). 7996:Sider, Alison (March 4, 2014). 6315:Sheppard, Kate (May 23, 2011). 5734: 5707: 5619:Varcoe, Chris (April 1, 2020). 5577:Legislative Assembly of Alberta 5536: 5513: 5489: 5457: 5439: 5404: 5266: 5248: 5220: 5182: 5154: 5126: 5047: 4992:"Obama Didn't Kill Keystone XL" 4983: 4911: 4879: 4846: 4793: 4711: 4690: 4643:Ch. 2.2.3 No Action Alternative 4617:(Press release). March 22, 2012 4601: 4386: 4373: 4328:Amended Corrective Action Order 3961: 3753: 3675:Brown, Matthew (June 9, 2021). 3537: 3485: 3460: 3167:. July 27, 2012. Archived from 3082:. June 30, 2010. Archived from 3023: 2902:Enterprise Products Partners LP 1617:On January 20, 2021, President 1603:On January 24, 2017, President 1052:Hutchinson County, South Dakota 1033:Environmental Protection Agency 945:, and was approved by Canada's 829:climate change and fossil fuels 15651:Canada–United States relations 12566:Federal government data breach 12494:Proposed invasion of Venezuela 11935:Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act 10824:University of Washington Press 10693:Congressional Research Service 9779:"Say No to Tar Sands Pipeline" 7290:Editorial (October 26, 2011). 7082:Kroll, Andy (March 21, 2013). 7038:Harris, Paul (March 2, 2013). 6951:Tar Sands Pipeline Probe Urged 6118:(Report). 2001. Archived from 4393:Katz, Brigit (April 9, 2018). 4102:"NEB Sets Keystone XL Hearing" 3634:Puko, Timothy (June 9, 2021). 3290:"Keystone XL pipeline project" 3221: 3031:United States State Department 2280:Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) 1293:environmental impact statement 857: 775:petroleum in the United States 364: 243: 13: 1: 15701:Oil pipelines in North Dakota 13930: 13620:Establishing the President’s 12671:Photo op at St. John's Church 12550:White House COVID-19 outbreak 12515:Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 12212:commutation of Jaime Davidson 12013:Donald Trump administration → 11739:Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act 10797:. No. November 21, 2017. 10468:"Gulf Coast Pipeline Project" 9018:. TransCanada. Archived from 8778:, Omaha.com, August 23, 2012. 8710:Andrew Black and David Holt, 8030:Commons Social Change Library 7704:"Pipeline fees revolt widens" 6854:The Pipeline and the Paradigm 6675:(3): 294. September 1, 2004. 5869:Williams, Nia (May 3, 2019). 5718:v. US Army Corps of Engineers 5679:Liptak, Adam (July 6, 2020). 5329:Williams, Nia (May 3, 2019). 3704:"Gulf Coast Pipeline Project" 3105:. TransCanada. Archived from 3057: 2684: 2365:, one of the world's largest 1858:U.S. House of Representatives 1760:The Pipeline and the Paradigm 1664:Energy and Commerce Committee 1533:, to serve refineries in the 1056:Marshall County, South Dakota 703:1,897 km (1,179 mi) 212:3,456 km (2,147 mi) 27:Oil pipeline in North America 15676:Proposed pipelines in Canada 14861:Indigenous peoples in Canada 10702:. No. December 2, 2013. 10101:U.S. News & World Report 9476:Mayra Cuevas; Steve Almasy. 8901:Editorial (March 10, 2013). 8733:American Petroleum Institute 6606:Treeline Ecological Research 5763:Stohr, Greg (July 6, 2020). 5357:Queally, Jon (May 4, 2019). 4800:Keystone veto override fails 4383:Retrieved November 18, 2017. 4132:"Oil Flows Through Keystone" 4130:Newton, Ken (June 9, 2010). 3817:Hovey, Art (June 12, 2008). 3409:. Calgary, Alberta, Canada: 2963:Administrative Procedure Act 2959:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2777:National Wildlife Federation 1701:Indigenous lands and peoples 1360: 1239:Administrative Procedure Act 7: 15482:Old-growth logging protests 13367:Dismissals and resignations 10224:, Rasmussen, March 22, 2012 9555:, Sarah Sax, April 10, 2018 9286:"Tar Sands and Safety Risk" 8749:, accessed October 8, 2013. 7978:September 10, 2013, at the 6941:Report Number AUD/SI-12-28. 6857:. Ruka Press. p. 147. 5383:Volz, Matt (June 7, 2019). 5261:347 F. Supp. 3d 561 5133:Deanna Hackney; Holly Yan. 2979: 2932: 2700:, 20 miles to the south of 2618:, which can be upgraded to 2529:thousands of people (e.g., 2305:, laid down upon the tarp. 2100:2010 Enbridge Tar Oil Spill 1979:Temporary construction jobs 1277:the prior Montana lawsuit. 1187:pipelines, January 24, 2017 739:and, as of March 2020, the 104:www.tcenergy.com/operations 10: 15767: 15726:Presidency of Donald Trump 15721:Presidency of Barack Obama 15249:Judge David William Ramsay 14642:Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot 14568:Intro to Political Science 14500:State of the Union Address 14470:Tomorrow Will Be Different 14015:Violence Against Women Act 13855:Presidential proclamations 13217:Paris Agreement withdrawal 12536:COVID-19 pandemic response 12288:Operation Faithful Patriot 12175:presidential proclamations 12057:Presidency of Donald Trump 11656:Killing of Osama bin Laden 11445:Presidential proclamations 11256:Presidency of Barack Obama 11215:Presidency of Barack Obama 11068:Gas Transmission Northwest 10871:, Keystone Mapping Project 10774:. No. August 1, 2017. 10728:. No. April 14, 2014. 10567:. Enbridge. Archived from 10504:December 13, 2014, at the 10260:Washington Post-ABC Poll, 9001:Cynthia Jones (U.S. EPA), 8759:February 25, 2014, at the 8740:Refined products pipelines 8727:December 28, 2013, at the 8703:December 18, 2014, at the 8091:"Taking It to the Streets" 7533:Columbia Journalism Review 7366:December 21, 2014, at the 5579:, p. 2, June 20, 2019 5509:: 53,215. October 4, 2019. 4609:"Remarks of the President" 4050:"Keystone Pipeline System" 3103:"Keystone Pipeline System" 2732:Increased carbon emissions 2722:White River (South Dakota) 2688: 1662:submitted a letter to the 1525:pipeline phase started at 932: 792:, where American-produced 379:Cushing Marketlink Project 15746:Oil pipelines in Oklahoma 15741:Oil pipelines in Illinois 15736:Oil pipelines in Missouri 15706:Pipelines in South Dakota 15696:Pipelines in Saskatchewan 15620: 15500: 15440: 15403: 15394: 15370:for trafficking of minors 15359: 15324: 15261: 15237:Saskatoon freezing deaths 15184: 15100: 15028: 15019: 14977: 14921:Residential school system 14911: 14874: 14867: 14717: 14692:Sexual assault allegation 14624: 14543: 14494:Joint session of Congress 14480: 14445: 14324: 14148: 14083: 14037: 14028: 13970: 13938: 13853: 13822: 13802: 13785: 13753:Trans-Pacific Partnership 13733: 13726: 13717: 13688: 13667: 13635: 13603: 13562: 13481: 13465: 13399: 13307: 13162: 13089:Joint session of Congress 13080: 12823: 12814: 12323:Golan Heights recognition 12064: 11997: 11979: 11924: 11862: 11730: 11634:Withdrawal of U.S. troops 11550: 11479:Joint session of Congress 11470: 11272: 11263: 11175: 11157:Maritimes & Northeast 11132: 11114: 11096: 11053: 11031: 11023:Line 67 (Alberta Clipper) 10943: 10934: 10916: 10863:Keystone Pipeline Project 10816:Grossman, Zoltán (2017). 10751:. No. April 5, 2017. 10015:. State Department. 2012. 8224:10.1007/s10612-015-9289-0 8024:Engelfried, Nick (2021). 7712:. Toronto. Archived from 7676:. Toronto. Archived from 7197:. Toronto. July 28, 2013. 6745:10.1007/s10612-015-9289-0 6059:. Toronto. Archived from 5263: (D. Mont. 2018). 5067:: 8663. January 30, 2017. 4381:National Observer website 2923:Saint John, New Brunswick 2878: 2789:Rainforest Action Network 2698:Washington County, Kansas 2565:that had a 4.3-magnitude 2110: 1955:This section needs to be 1624: 1426:Hub (tank farm) north of 1381:and Hogshead Spouter Co. 1379:Valero Energy Corporation 1157:On November 6, 2015, the 1122:On 14 November 2014, the 1119:had approved it in 2013. 983:Canadian Energy Regulator 715: 707: 699: 694: 684: 676: 666: 661: 651: 641: 631: 626: 617: 610: 598: 593: 585: 577: 567: 559: 549: 544: 534: 524: 519: 512: 500: 482: 478:784 km (487 mi) 474: 469: 461: 453: 443: 435: 425: 420: 410: 400: 390: 385: 378: 363: 355: 351:468 km (291 mi) 347: 342: 334: 326: 316: 308: 298: 293: 281: 269: 264: 257: 242: 234: 216: 208: 203: 195: 187: 179: 169: 164: 149: 135: 125: 120: 113: 99: 89: 79: 74: 60: 55: 43: 34: 15691:Oil pipelines in Alberta 15311:Walking With Our Sisters 15232:Killing of Chantel Moore 15126:Winnipeg serial killings 14885:Gradual Civilization Act 14396:(former daughter-in-law) 13141:2020 Oval Office address 13120:2019 Oval Office address 12789:Supreme Court candidates 12274:Family separation policy 11714:Sanctions against Russia 11220:templates for discussion 11073:Great Lakes Transmission 10499:Energy East News Release 9509:, Reuters, April 7, 2018 9306:Nebraska. Archived from 8881:Keystone Mapping Project 6682:10.3402/ijch.v63i3.17741 5520:Alberta, Government of. 5471:Yellowstone Public Radio 5122:: 13,101. April 3, 2019. 5034: 3610:: 13,101. March 29, 2019 3578:: 7037. January 20, 2021 3029:It was presented to the 3016: 2804:Canadian Club of Toronto 2726:Bad River (South Dakota) 2638:greenhouse gas emissions 2481:Potential for oil spills 2301:symbolizing oil-covered 2154:activist and founder of 2010:Alberta Clipper pipeline 1934:'s Trans-Mountain line. 1904:Midwestern United States 1384: 1338:On July 6, 2020, in the 1124:House of Representatives 729:Keystone Pipeline System 711:36 in (914 mm) 504:36 in (914 mm) 359:36 in (914 mm) 258:Keystone-Cushing Project 238:30 in (762 mm) 35:Keystone Pipeline System 15731:Presidency of Joe Biden 15671:Oil pipelines in Canada 15487:Trans Mountain pipeline 15210:Gustafsen Lake standoff 14632:Age and health concerns 13360:Short-tenure appointees 13105:National Scout Jamboree 12745:international reactions 12376:Kosovo–Serbia agreement 10543:The Wall Street Journal 10406:(subscription required) 10401:The Wall Street Journal 10148:The Wall Street Journal 9892:The Wall Street Journal 9114:The Wall Street Journal 8745:April 14, 2014, at the 8003:The Wall Street Journal 7971:Diana Furchtgott-Roth, 7891:archive.ilr.cornell.edu 6409:Congressman Steve Cohen 6173:The Wall Street Journal 6005:TransCanada Corporation 5198:The Wall Street Journal 4475:. September 2011: 3, 27 4187:"NEB Okays Keystone XL" 4081:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 3947:TransCanada Corporation 3914:TransCanada Corporation 3641:The Wall Street Journal 3411:TransCanada Corporation 2752:in comparison to other 2640:from the extraction of 2539:Nebraska City, Nebraska 2466:TransCanada Corporation 2272:Beaver Lake Cree Nation 2231:presidential candidate 2161:In the year before the 2140:Protests and opposition 2121:Lac-Mégantic derailment 2088:Western Canadian Select 1988:, president and CEO of 1889:according to OPEC, 2013 1254:TransCanada Corporation 1197:Canadian Prime Minister 943:TransCanada Corporation 602:76 km (47 mi) 513:Houston Lateral Project 50:Keystone Pipeline route 15751:Oil pipelines in Texas 15462:Caledonia land dispute 15316:Women's Memorial March 15076:Healthcare inequality 14964:High Arctic relocation 14334:Edward Francis Blewitt 14303:protest vote movements 14249:running mate selection 13759:Dakota Access Pipeline 13719:Presidential memoranda 13415:Biden administration → 13406:← Obama administration 12529:Afghanistan withdrawal 12464:Saudi Arabia arms deal 12450:Russian bounty program 12295:Stormy Daniels scandal 12133:2018 midterm elections 11949:New Energy for America 10822:. Seattle and London: 10598:. AllBusiness.com, Inc 10332:Bloomberg Businessweek 10275:CBS News poll database 9807:. NRDC. Archived from 9784:. NRDC. March 10, 2010 8793:Bloomberg BusinessWeek 8752:Oil Sands fact Check, 8720:Allegro Energy Group, 8526:U.S. Water News Online 7405:(September 23, 2011). 7119:Johnson, Brad (2013). 6997:"Keystone XL Pipeline" 6851:Avery, Samuel (2013). 5724:March 8, 2021, at the 4830:. September 29, 2015. 4496:Cite journal requires 3762:"Keystone XL Pipeline" 3734:"Keystone XL Pipeline" 3001:List of oil refineries 2892:On November 16, 2011, 2844: 2679:Edinburg, North Dakota 2623: 2486:University of Nebraska 2408:Keystone XL Pipeline. 2398:United States Congress 2358: 2313:Environmental concerns 2270:; Crystal Lameman, of 2243: 2092:Canada West Foundation 2055:Effects on tax revenue 2037: 1890: 1874: 1640: 1513: 1403: 1309:), announced that the 1307:Canadian Energy Centre 1282:Nebraska Supreme Court 1247:Endangered Species Act 1188: 1113:Nebraska Supreme Court 1031:On July 21, 2010, the 15711:Pipelines in Nebraska 15161:Jean Virginia Sampare 15146:Tammy Lamondin-Gagnon 14709:Trump–Ukraine scandal 14600:Our Cartoon President 14286:Democratic opposition 13792:Establishment of the 13741:Federal hiring freeze 13652:Establishment of the 12761:Judicial appointments 12662:proposed expungements 12427:Relations with Russia 12420:Trump–Ukraine scandal 12316:Jerusalem recognition 12309:Relations with Israel 12265:Executive Order 13767 11707:Russia nuclear treaty 11385:Judicial appointments 10525:on February 25, 2014. 10207:, September 26, 2013. 10126:. February 12, 2015. 9958:on September 24, 2011 9836:The Commercial Appeal 8532:on September 13, 2006 8253:Klein, Naomi (2014). 8148:. September 25, 2012. 7761:The Salt Lake Tribune 7744:. The Canadian Press. 5746:July 7, 2020, at the 5654:TransCanada PipeLines 5454: (Neb. 2019). 4191:National Energy Board 4136:St. Joseph News-Press 4106:National Energy Board 3198:on November 29, 2014. 3144:on November 18, 2014. 3086:on November 24, 2014. 2996:List of oil pipelines 2839: 2702:Steele City, Nebraska 2657:Amherst, South Dakota 2605: 2547:Kansas City, Missouri 2352: 2294:Georgetown University 2241: 2032: 1884: 1866: 1785:Conflicts of interest 1727:University of Toronto 1637: 1583:Steele City, Nebraska 1577:, and travel through 1551:Liberty County, Texas 1507: 1495:Steele City, Nebraska 1412:Steele City, Nebraska 1410:, to the junction at 1397: 1367:TC Energy Corporation 1264:TC Energy Corporation 1179: 1060:Amherst, South Dakota 1010:Steele City, Nebraska 965:On January 22, 2008, 957:In October 2007, the 951:National Energy Board 947:National Energy Board 881:Steele City, Nebraska 852:TC Energy Corporation 786:Steele City, Nebraska 741:Government of Alberta 695:Technical information 656:Steele City, Nebraska 594:Technical information 529:Liberty County, Texas 470:Technical information 405:Liberty County, Texas 343:Technical information 275:Steele City, Nebraska 204:Technical information 144:Steele City, Nebraska 15542:Missing and Murdered 15102:Missing and Murdered 14942:Forced sterilization 14388:Hallie Olivere Biden 14010:Counterterrorism Act 13751:Withdrawal from the 13353:Withdrawn appointees 12754:Presidential Library 12205:pardon of Joe Arpaio 12139:Government shutdowns 11746:MAP-21st Century Act 11116:Trans Mountain Corp. 10571:on December 20, 2016 10474:on January 21, 2013. 10343:on December 31, 2011 10182:on February 13, 2015 9928:on February 16, 2012 9328:on November 27, 2011 8799:on November 11, 2012 8715:Lincoln Journal Star 8707:, January 20, 2012. 8212:Critical Criminology 7819:on February 15, 2011 7812:McClatchy Newspapers 7440:. Downstream Today. 6733:Critical Criminology 6125:on December 21, 2011 5452:303 Neb. 872 5278:The Billings Gazette 4867:on November 21, 2015 4789:. February 25, 2015. 4766:. February 10, 2015. 4744:, accessed Jan. 2015 4440:. Downstream Today. 4277:. Downstream Today. 3920:on February 22, 2014 3823:Lincoln Journal-Star 3171:on January 29, 2017. 2888:Alternative projects 2827:Public opinion polls 2781:Friends of the Earth 2543:St. Joseph, Missouri 2424:Department of State 2264:Saik'uz First Nation 2207:In August 2012, the 2191:Susie Tompkins Buell 2150:, environmental and 1854:Rosebud Sioux Nation 1280:In August 2019, the 1166:also played a part. 1159:Obama administration 909:Wood River, Illinois 611:Keystone XL Pipeline 578:Construction started 454:Construction started 327:Construction started 188:Construction started 154:Wood River, Illinois 140:Regina, Saskatchewan 15716:Pipelines in Kansas 15457:Burnt Church Crisis 15284:Moose Hide campaign 15156:Helen Betty Osborne 15055:Criminal sentencing 15029:Structural violence 14876:Settler colonialism 14607:Saturday Night Live 14400:Melissa Cohen Biden 14358:Valerie Biden Owens 14340:Neilia Hunter Biden 14336:(great-grandfather) 14220:municipal officials 13775:Plan to defeat the 12627:impeachment inquiry 12573:Crossfire Hurricane 11900:Debt-ceiling crisis 11873:Affordable Care Act 11568:International trips 10654:on January 29, 2017 10435:. January 19, 2012. 10251:, January 28, 2014. 10234:Rasmussen Reports, 10075:on February 9, 2015 9984:Scientific American 9711:. December 9, 2022. 9455:The Washington Post 9361:. August 21, 2011. 9310:on December 2, 2011 9197:, December 2, 2011. 9152:on January 17, 2015 9042:. February 24, 2015 8856:. September 5, 2012 8447:. February 18, 2013 8349:The Washington Post 8127:The Huffington Post 7872:. Calgary, Alberta. 7504:on January 25, 2012 7442:Dow Jones Newswires 7417:on February 5, 2013 7271:on January 13, 2012 7168:Savage, Luiza Ch., 6966:(August 10, 2014). 6645:on November 5, 2013 6470:The Washington Post 6063:on January 30, 2017 6035:. January 22, 2014. 5942:"Keystone Pipeline" 5904:. January 17, 2021. 5284:. February 15, 2019 5170:. November 27, 2017 4649:Department of State 4589:on January 29, 2017 4560:on January 30, 2017 4442:Dow Jones Newswires 4422:The Washington Post 4279:Dow Jones Newswires 3787:"Keystone Pipeline" 3710:on January 21, 2013 3519:www.keystone-xl.com 3417:on January 16, 2013 3407:"Keystone Pipeline" 3242:on January 20, 2016 3035:Presidential Permit 2794:In September 2011, 2608:Athabasca oil sands 2452:In April 2013, the 2132:Wall Street Journal 1877:Geopolitical issues 1592:In 2015, President 1541:Phase 3b (complete) 1517:Phase 3a (complete) 1424:Patoka Oil Terminal 1416:Wood River Refinery 1298:In March 2020, the 1235:District of Montana 1075:energy independence 1069:In September 2011, 1022:Patoka Oil Terminal 1014:Wood River Refinery 814:synthetic crude oil 743:. It runs from the 662:General information 545:General information 421:General information 367:of pumping stations 294:General information 246:of pumping stations 165:General information 75:General information 15467:Clayoquot protests 15060:Mass incarceration 15033:and discrimination 13983:U.S. Senate career 13747:Mexico City policy 13388:inspectors general 12738:domestic reactions 12731:continued protests 12648:second impeachment 12383:North Korea crisis 12281:Migrant detentions 12198:Executive clemency 11980:Environment policy 11677:Anti-ISIL campaign 11663:Libya intervention 11628:War in Afghanistan 11575:by Hillary Clinton 10677:The Globe and Mail 10519:"Enbridge website" 10288:February 21, 2017. 10238:, January 6, 2014. 10123:The New York Times 9921:The Calgary Herald 9895:. Downstream Today 9838:. Downstream Today 9685:. December 8, 2022 9358:The New York Times 9213:InsideClimate News 9117:. November 2, 2015 9070:The New York Times 9022:on April 26, 2013. 8908:The New York Times 8466:Rafferty, Andrew. 8445:InsideClimate News 8057:The New York Times 7984:The Globe and Mail 7910:Detroit Free Press 7869:The Globe and Mail 7709:The Globe and Mail 7673:The Globe and Mail 7652:Associated Press, 7328:on January 1, 2012 7245:on January 3, 2016 7194:The Globe and Mail 7019:. February 9, 2012 6909:The New York Times 6888:. October 6, 2012. 6830:The New York Times 6597:Timoney, Kevin P. 6527:. Academic OneFile 6411:. February 9, 2012 6202:. January 20, 2021 6153:The Globe and Mail 6056:The Globe and Mail 5948:. October 17, 2021 5688:The New York Times 5420:The New York Times 4823:The New York Times 4676:The New York Times 4138:. Downstream Today 3877:Annual Report 2019 3825:. Downstream Today 3767:The New York Times 3739:The New York Times 3525:on August 24, 2019 3448:. January 22, 2014 3235:The Globe and Mail 3048:The New York Times 2845: 2624: 2581:, a member of the 2436:The New York Times 2359: 2325:and cause harm to 2284:Secretary of State 2256:The Hip Hop Caucus 2244: 2209:Tar Sands Blockade 2027:The Globe and Mail 1891: 1802:The New York Times 1791:The New York Times 1641: 1561:Phase 4 (canceled) 1535:Port Arthur, Texas 1523:Cushing MarketLink 1514: 1485:Phase 2 (complete) 1477:, before entering 1404: 1390:Phase 1 (complete) 1300:Premier of Alberta 1269:In June 2019, the 1223:Record of Decision 1204:Premier of Alberta 1189: 1132:60 votes threshold 1105:Port Arthur, Texas 759:, and also to oil 720:www.keystonexl.com 15638: 15637: 15625:Indigenous rights 15616: 15615: 15472:Keystone Pipeline 15427:Yukon Land Claims 15390: 15389: 15306:Sisters in Spirit 15257: 15256: 15141:Pamela Holopainen 15015: 15014: 14969:RCMP dog killings 14891:Numbered Treaties 14756: 14755: 14488:Inaugural address 14402:(daughter-in-law) 14390:(daughter-in-law) 14320: 14319: 14244:Unity Task Forces 14190:basement campaign 14084:Vice presidential 13898: 13897: 13894: 13893: 13890: 13889: 13849: 13848: 13845: 13844: 13818: 13817: 13771:U.S. Armed Forces 13765:Keystone Pipeline 13745:Reinstitution of 13713: 13712: 13709: 13708: 13425: 13424: 13346:Economic advisors 13158: 13157: 13134:2020 SOTU Address 13127:2019 SOTU Address 13113:2018 SOTU Address 12634:first impeachment 12161:Executive actions 12023: 12022: 11700:Iran nuclear deal 11546: 11545: 11537:2016 SOTU Address 11530:2015 SOTU Address 11523:2014 SOTU Address 11516:2013 SOTU Address 11509:2012 SOTU Address 11502:2011 SOTU Address 11495:2010 SOTU Address 11431:Executive actions 11205: 11204: 11187:Canada portal 11162:Montreal–Portland 11049: 11048: 10679:, January 6, 2016 10628:on April 18, 2010 10264:, April 17, 2014. 9240:on March 15, 2015 9005:, April 22, 2013. 8958:on April 22, 2013 8266:978-1-84614-505-6 8146:Houston Chronicle 7680:on March 19, 2017 7471:. August 31, 2011 7215:on August 8, 2014 7131:on March 11, 2013 7016:Los Angeles Times 6886:Chicago Sun-Times 6864:978-0-9855748-2-6 6801:. January 9, 2015 6363:National Archives 5550:. October 9, 2019 5234:High Country News 4905:National Archives 4627:National Archives 3889:on March 31, 2020 2598:Alberta oil sands 2531:Lincoln, Nebraska 2511:Yellowstone River 2394:environmentalists 2382:national interest 1976: 1975: 1915:Orinoco oil sands 1821:Diplomatic issues 1789:In October 2011, 1527:Cushing, Oklahoma 1499:Cushing, Oklahoma 1408:Hardisty, Alberta 1400:Swanton, Nebraska 1333:Noel J. Francisco 1319:COVID-19 pandemic 1090:national interest 1046:On June 3, 2011, 1041:Cushing, Oklahoma 987:Hardisty, Alberta 897:Cushing, Oklahoma 877:Hardisty, Alberta 865:Cushing, Oklahoma 782:Hardisty, Alberta 765:Cushing, Oklahoma 751:to refineries in 725: 724: 636:Hardisty, Alberta 606: 605: 589:2016, online 2017 508: 507: 483:Maximum discharge 395:Cushing, Oklahoma 374: 373: 287:Cushing, Oklahoma 253: 252: 217:Maximum discharge 130:Hardisty, Alberta 114:Keystone Pipeline 109: 108: 16:(Redirected from 15758: 15573: 15535:Highway of Tears 15492:Unistʼotʼen Camp 15449:Water protection 15447: 15408: 15401: 15400: 15322: 15321: 15215:Ipperwash Crisis 15189: 15186:Police brutality 15176:Lisa Marie Young 15166:Loretta Saunders 15131:Immaculate Basil 15114:Highway of Tears 15106:Indigenous Women 15105: 15032: 15026: 15025: 15007:Indian hospitals 14903:Role of the RCMP 14872: 14871: 14853: 14846: 14839: 14830: 14829: 14821: 14820: 14819: 14809: 14808: 14807: 14797: 14796: 14795: 14785: 14784: 14773: 14772: 14764: 14746: 14745: 14682:Let's Go Brandon 14647:Biden Foundation 14593: 14456:Promises to Keep 14035: 14034: 13998:Trump transition 13993:Obama transition 13925: 13918: 13911: 13902: 13901: 13867: 13866: 13860: 13859: 13827: 13826: 13731: 13730: 13724: 13723: 13479: 13478: 13472: 13471: 13467:Executive orders 13452: 13445: 13438: 13429: 13428: 13418: 13409: 13390: 13383: 13376: 13369: 13362: 13355: 13348: 13341: 13334: 13325: 13320: 13300: 13291: 13284: 13277: 13270: 13263: 13254: 13247: 13240: 13233: 13226: 13219: 13212: 13203: 13196: 13189: 13182: 13175: 13151: 13148:Farewell address 13143: 13136: 13129: 13122: 13115: 13108: 13100: 13092: 13071: 13064: 13057: 13050: 13048:Singapore summit 13043: 13034: 13027: 13025:by Rex Tillerson 13020: 13013: 13006: 12999: 12992: 12985: 12978: 12969: 12962: 12955: 12948: 12941: 12934: 12927: 12920: 12913: 12906: 12899: 12892: 12885: 12878: 12871: 12864: 12857: 12850: 12843: 12836: 12831: 12821: 12820: 12807: 12805:Biden transition 12798: 12791: 12784: 12777: 12770: 12763: 12756: 12747: 12740: 12733: 12726: 12719: 12712: 12703: 12696: 12687: 12680: 12673: 12664: 12657: 12650: 12643: 12636: 12629: 12622: 12615: 12608: 12603: 12596: 12589: 12582: 12575: 12568: 12561: 12552: 12545: 12538: 12531: 12524: 12517: 12510: 12503: 12496: 12487: 12480: 12473: 12466: 12459: 12452: 12443: 12436: 12429: 12422: 12413: 12406: 12399: 12397:Singapore summit 12392: 12385: 12378: 12369: 12362: 12355: 12348: 12341: 12332: 12325: 12318: 12311: 12304: 12297: 12290: 12283: 12276: 12267: 12260: 12251: 12244: 12237: 12235:legal challenges 12230: 12223: 12214: 12207: 12200: 12191: 12184: 12177: 12170: 12168:executive orders 12163: 12154: 12147: 12140: 12135: 12128: 12119: 12112: 12105: 12098: 12089: 12082: 12075: 12050: 12043: 12036: 12027: 12026: 12016: 12007: 11990: 11972: 11965: 11963:Clean Power Plan 11958: 11951: 11944: 11937: 11915: 11908: 11901: 11896: 11889: 11882: 11875: 11853: 11846: 11839: 11832: 11825: 11818: 11811: 11804: 11797: 11790: 11783: 11776: 11769: 11762: 11755: 11748: 11741: 11723: 11716: 11709: 11702: 11693: 11686: 11679: 11672: 11665: 11658: 11649: 11642: 11635: 11630: 11621: 11614: 11607: 11600: 11593: 11584: 11577: 11570: 11563: 11539: 11532: 11525: 11518: 11511: 11504: 11497: 11490: 11482: 11463: 11461:Trump transition 11454: 11447: 11440: 11438:Executive orders 11433: 11424: 11415: 11408: 11401: 11394: 11387: 11380: 11373: 11364: 11357: 11350: 11343: 11336: 11329: 11322: 11315: 11308: 11301: 11294: 11292:2nd inauguration 11287: 11285:1st inauguration 11280: 11270: 11269: 11249: 11242: 11235: 11226: 11225: 11195: 11194: 11185: 11184: 11183: 10941: 10940: 10899: 10892: 10885: 10876: 10875: 10837: 10812: 10806: 10798: 10789: 10783: 10775: 10766: 10760: 10752: 10743: 10737: 10729: 10727: 10717: 10711: 10703: 10701: 10680: 10670: 10664: 10663: 10661: 10659: 10644: 10638: 10637: 10635: 10633: 10622:Associated Press 10614: 10608: 10607: 10605: 10603: 10587: 10581: 10580: 10578: 10576: 10561: 10555: 10554: 10552: 10550: 10533: 10527: 10526: 10521:. Archived from 10515: 10509: 10508:, August 1, 2013 10495: 10489: 10482: 10476: 10475: 10470:. Archived from 10464: 10458: 10457: 10443: 10437: 10436: 10423: 10417: 10416: 10414: 10412: 10407: 10391: 10385: 10384: 10382: 10380: 10359: 10353: 10352: 10350: 10348: 10339:. Archived from 10322: 10316: 10315: 10313: 10311: 10296: 10290: 10284: 10278: 10271: 10265: 10258: 10252: 10245: 10239: 10232: 10226: 10225: 10214: 10208: 10201: 10192: 10191: 10189: 10187: 10181: 10175:. Archived from 10170: 10162: 10153: 10152: 10138: 10132: 10131: 10119: 10112: 10106: 10105: 10094:Alan Neuhauser. 10091: 10085: 10084: 10082: 10080: 10071:. Archived from 10061: 10055: 10054: 10052: 10050: 10040: 10034: 10033: 10031: 10023: 10017: 10016: 10010: 10002: 9996: 9995: 9993: 9991: 9974: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9963: 9944: 9938: 9937: 9935: 9933: 9924:. Archived from 9911: 9905: 9904: 9902: 9900: 9882: 9876: 9875: 9873: 9871: 9854: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9843: 9827: 9821: 9820: 9818: 9816: 9811:on July 29, 2010 9800: 9794: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9783: 9775: 9769: 9768: 9766: 9764: 9747: 9741: 9740: 9738: 9736: 9719: 9713: 9712: 9701: 9695: 9694: 9692: 9690: 9673: 9667: 9666: 9664: 9662: 9655:Associated Press 9645: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9614: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9603: 9588: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9577: 9568:. Archived from 9562: 9556: 9544: 9538: 9537: 9536: 9534: 9524: 9516: 9510: 9504: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9490: 9473: 9467: 9466: 9464: 9462: 9445: 9439: 9433: 9424: 9418: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9404: 9399:on March 4, 2013 9389: 9383: 9382: 9380: 9378: 9354: 9347: 9338: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9319: 9317: 9315: 9297: 9295: 9293: 9282: 9276: 9275: 9261: 9250: 9249: 9247: 9245: 9236:. Archived from 9230: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9219: 9204: 9198: 9194:Sun News Network 9186: 9180: 9179: 9178:. July 11, 2011. 9168: 9162: 9161: 9159: 9157: 9151: 9145:. Archived from 9144: 9136: 9127: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9105: 9099: 9098: 9085: 9079: 9078: 9066: 9058: 9052: 9051: 9049: 9047: 9030: 9024: 9023: 9012: 9006: 8999: 8993: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8983:. April 23, 2013 8973: 8967: 8966: 8965: 8963: 8957: 8950: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8919: 8913: 8912: 8903:"When to Say No" 8898: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8887: 8872: 8866: 8865: 8863: 8861: 8844: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8815: 8809: 8808: 8806: 8804: 8785: 8779: 8772: 8766: 8694: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8683: 8666: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8655: 8649:Associated Press 8634: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8595: 8580: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8551: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8518: 8512: 8511: 8509: 8507: 8500:www.ienearth.org 8492: 8483: 8482: 8480: 8478: 8463: 8457: 8456: 8454: 8452: 8437: 8431: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8409: 8403: 8402: 8388: 8382: 8381: 8367: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8339: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8328: 8313: 8307: 8306: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8286: 8278: 8250: 8244: 8243: 8203: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8177: 8171: 8170: 8156: 8150: 8149: 8138: 8132: 8131: 8117: 8108: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8086: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8072: 8047: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8021: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8010: 7993: 7987: 7969: 7963: 7957: 7951: 7950:, July 11, 2013. 7940: 7934: 7933: 7921: 7915: 7914: 7901: 7895: 7894: 7883: 7874: 7873: 7859: 7853: 7852: 7840: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7824: 7802: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7780: 7774: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7752: 7746: 7745: 7737: 7726: 7725: 7723: 7721: 7716:on June 30, 2010 7699: 7690: 7689: 7687: 7685: 7663: 7657: 7656:, August 1, 2013 7650: 7644: 7643: 7632: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7604: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7576: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7520: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7509: 7503: 7496: 7487: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7469:Fox News Channel 7459: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7433: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7413:. Archived from 7399: 7393: 7392: 7380: 7371: 7359:Jorge R. Pinon, 7357: 7351: 7350:, June 20, 2014. 7344: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7333: 7324:. Archived from 7313: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7302: 7287: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7261: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7250: 7231: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7205: 7199: 7198: 7185: 7179: 7166: 7160: 7147: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7127:. Archived from 7116: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7079: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7035: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7007: 7001: 7000: 6993: 6987: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6972:www.politico.com 6964:Associated Press 6960: 6954: 6948: 6942: 6935: 6929: 6928: 6926: 6924: 6899: 6890: 6889: 6878: 6869: 6868: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6820: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6789: 6780: 6779: 6774:Woods, Cindy S. 6771: 6765: 6764: 6728: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6701: 6695: 6694: 6684: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6615:on July 10, 2021 6614: 6603: 6594: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6577: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6551: 6543: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6517: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6503: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6473:. Washington, DC 6460: 6454: 6453: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6416: 6401: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6373: 6367: 6366: 6360: 6358: 6340: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6312: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6276: 6274: 6249: 6243: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6221: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6144: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6124: 6117: 6109: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6084: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6046: 6037: 6036: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012: 5997: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5971: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5894: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5883: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5850:. March 12, 2021 5837: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5799:supremecourt.gov 5796: 5788: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5760: 5751: 5738: 5732: 5711: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5684: 5676: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5645: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5594: 5588: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5574: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5517: 5511: 5510: 5502:Federal Register 5493: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5461: 5455: 5449: 5443: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5416: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5390:Associated Press 5380: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5354: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5326: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5310:. March 18, 2016 5300: 5294: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5282:Associated Press 5270: 5264: 5258: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5194: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5158: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5130: 5124: 5123: 5115:Federal Register 5106: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5060:Federal Register 5051: 5045: 5044: 5043:2368 (2019). 5038: 5030: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5012: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4961: 4944: 4943: 4937: 4929: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4902: 4900: 4883: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4866: 4860:. Archived from 4859: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4828:Associated Press 4819: 4812: 4803: 4802:. March 4, 2015. 4797: 4791: 4790: 4777: 4768: 4767: 4754: 4745: 4739: 4730: 4729: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4624: 4622: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4579: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4550: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4519: 4506: 4505: 4499: 4494: 4492: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4470: 4462: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4433: 4427: 4426: 4412: 4403: 4402: 4390: 4384: 4377: 4371: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4360: 4350: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4333: 4323: 4317: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4306: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4253:Associated Press 4244: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4225:. September 2011 4220: 4212: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4183: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4127: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3972: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3939: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3916:. Archived from 3905: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3888: 3881: 3873: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3844: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3814: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3783: 3772: 3771: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3729: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3672: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3631: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3603:Federal Register 3594: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3571:Federal Register 3562: 3556: 3555: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3521:. Archived from 3511: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3438: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3413:. Archived from 3403: 3394: 3393: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3352: 3343: 3330: 3329: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3269:www.tcenergy.com 3261: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3238:. Archived from 3225: 3219: 3218: 3211: 3200: 3199: 3184: 3173: 3172: 3157: 3146: 3145: 3130: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3099: 3088: 3087: 3072: 3051: 3044: 3038: 3027: 2842:Winnsboro, Texas 2816:carbon-intensive 2791:, was launched. 2648:Leaks and spills 2572:TransCanada CEO 2490:Ogallala Aquifer 2390:Ogallala Aquifer 2363:Ogallala Aquifer 2355:Ogallala Aquifer 2335:Ogallala Aquifer 2225:Winnsboro, Texas 2126:Bakken Formation 2049:Edward J. Markey 1971: 1968: 1962: 1950: 1949: 1942: 1870:sovereign nation 1630:Political issues 1609:NAFTA Chapter 11 1531:Nederland, Texas 1491:Keystone-Cushing 1428:Patoka, Illinois 1420:Roxana, Illinois 1414:, and on to the 1094:Ogallala Aquifer 1026:Patoka, Illinois 1018:Roxana, Illinois 991:Patoka, Illinois 941:, Alberta-based 913:Patoka, Illinois 869:Nederland, Texas 863:Phase III, from 802:Bakken formation 622: 608: 607: 510: 509: 492: 491: 415:Nederland, Texas 376: 375: 366: 289: 277: 255: 254: 245: 226: 225: 158:Patoka, Illinois 111: 110: 48: 39: 32: 31: 21: 15766: 15765: 15761: 15760: 15759: 15757: 15756: 15755: 15641: 15640: 15639: 15634: 15612: 15569: 15549:The Pass System 15496: 15445: 15442:Land protection 15436: 15417:Specific claims 15406: 15396: 15386: 15355: 15326: 15320: 15289:REDress Project 15253: 15242:Neil Stonechild 15187: 15180: 15119:list of victims 15103: 15096: 15067:Food insecurity 15030: 15021: 15011: 14973: 14957:Kimelman Report 14907: 14863: 14857: 14827: 14817: 14815: 14805: 14803: 14793: 14791: 14779: 14767: 14759: 14757: 14752: 14713: 14620: 14594:s "Diamond Joe" 14591: 14561:The Choice 2020 14545: 14539: 14476: 14463:Promise Me, Dad 14441: 14408:(granddaughter) 14316: 14144: 14079: 14024: 13988:Vice presidency 13966: 13934: 13929: 13899: 13886: 13841: 13814: 13798: 13781: 13769:Rebuilding the 13705: 13684: 13663: 13631: 13599: 13558: 13461: 13456: 13426: 13421: 13412: 13403: 13395: 13386: 13379: 13372: 13365: 13358: 13351: 13344: 13337: 13330: 13323: 13316: 13303: 13296: 13287: 13280: 13273: 13266: 13259: 13250: 13243: 13236: 13231: 13222: 13215: 13208: 13199: 13194:China trade war 13192: 13185: 13178: 13171: 13154: 13146: 13139: 13132: 13125: 13118: 13111: 13103: 13095: 13087: 13076: 13067: 13060: 13055:Helsinki summit 13053: 13046: 13039: 13030: 13023: 13016: 13009: 13002: 12995: 12988: 12981: 12974: 12965: 12958: 12951: 12944: 12939: 12930: 12923: 12916: 12909: 12904: 12895: 12888: 12881: 12874: 12869: 12860: 12853: 12846: 12839: 12834: 12827: 12810: 12803: 12794: 12787: 12780: 12773: 12766: 12759: 12752: 12743: 12736: 12729: 12722: 12715: 12708: 12699: 12692: 12683: 12676: 12669: 12660: 12653: 12646: 12639: 12632: 12625: 12618: 12611: 12606: 12599: 12592: 12585: 12578: 12571: 12564: 12557: 12548: 12541: 12534: 12527: 12520: 12513: 12506: 12499: 12492: 12483: 12476: 12469: 12462: 12457:Farmer bailouts 12455: 12448: 12439: 12434:Helsinki summit 12432: 12425: 12418: 12409: 12402: 12395: 12388: 12381: 12374: 12365: 12358: 12351: 12344: 12339:Abraham Accords 12337: 12328: 12321: 12314: 12307: 12300: 12293: 12286: 12279: 12272: 12263: 12256: 12247: 12240: 12233: 12226: 12219: 12210: 12203: 12196: 12187: 12180: 12173: 12166: 12159: 12150: 12143: 12138: 12131: 12124: 12115: 12108: 12101: 12096:Opinion polling 12094: 12085: 12078: 12071: 12060: 12054: 12024: 12019: 12010: 12001: 11993: 11988:Paris Agreement 11986: 11975: 11968: 11961: 11954: 11947: 11940: 11933: 11920: 11911: 11904: 11899: 11892: 11885: 11878: 11871: 11864:Economic policy 11858: 11849: 11842: 11835: 11828: 11821: 11814: 11807: 11800: 11793: 11786: 11779: 11772: 11765: 11760:Cannabis policy 11758: 11751: 11744: 11737: 11731:Domestic policy 11726: 11719: 11712: 11705: 11698: 11689: 11682: 11675: 11670:Benghazi attack 11668: 11661: 11654: 11645: 11638: 11633: 11626: 11617: 11610: 11603: 11596: 11589: 11580: 11573: 11566: 11559: 11542: 11535: 11528: 11521: 11514: 11507: 11500: 11493: 11485: 11477: 11466: 11459: 11450: 11443: 11436: 11429: 11420: 11411: 11404: 11397: 11390: 11383: 11376: 11369: 11360: 11353: 11346: 11339: 11332: 11325: 11318: 11311: 11304: 11297: 11290: 11283: 11276: 11259: 11253: 11223: 11206: 11201: 11181: 11179: 11171: 11128: 11110: 11092: 11078:Northern Border 11045: 11027: 10930: 10912: 10903: 10844: 10834: 10800: 10799: 10777: 10776: 10754: 10753: 10731: 10730: 10725: 10705: 10704: 10699: 10688: 10686:Further reading 10683: 10671: 10667: 10657: 10655: 10646: 10645: 10641: 10631: 10629: 10616: 10615: 10611: 10601: 10599: 10588: 10584: 10574: 10572: 10563: 10562: 10558: 10548: 10546: 10534: 10530: 10517: 10516: 10512: 10506:Wayback Machine 10496: 10492: 10483: 10479: 10466: 10465: 10461: 10444: 10440: 10425: 10424: 10420: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10392: 10388: 10378: 10376: 10360: 10356: 10346: 10344: 10323: 10319: 10309: 10307: 10297: 10293: 10285: 10281: 10272: 10268: 10259: 10255: 10246: 10242: 10233: 10229: 10216: 10215: 10211: 10202: 10195: 10185: 10183: 10179: 10173:keystone-xl.com 10168: 10164: 10163: 10156: 10139: 10135: 10114: 10113: 10109: 10092: 10088: 10078: 10076: 10063: 10062: 10058: 10048: 10046: 10042: 10041: 10037: 10029: 10025: 10024: 10020: 10008: 10004: 10003: 9999: 9989: 9987: 9975: 9971: 9961: 9959: 9946: 9945: 9941: 9931: 9929: 9912: 9908: 9898: 9896: 9883: 9879: 9869: 9867: 9855: 9851: 9841: 9839: 9828: 9824: 9814: 9812: 9801: 9797: 9787: 9785: 9781: 9777: 9776: 9772: 9762: 9760: 9748: 9744: 9734: 9732: 9720: 9716: 9703: 9702: 9698: 9688: 9686: 9675: 9674: 9670: 9660: 9658: 9646: 9639: 9629: 9627: 9615: 9611: 9601: 9599: 9589: 9585: 9575: 9573: 9572:on July 6, 2018 9564: 9563: 9559: 9545: 9541: 9532: 9530: 9522: 9518: 9517: 9513: 9505: 9498: 9488: 9486: 9474: 9470: 9460: 9458: 9446: 9442: 9434: 9427: 9419: 9412: 9402: 9400: 9391: 9390: 9386: 9376: 9374: 9349: 9348: 9341: 9331: 9329: 9320: 9313: 9311: 9298: 9291: 9289: 9284: 9283: 9279: 9262: 9253: 9243: 9241: 9232: 9231: 9227: 9217: 9215: 9205: 9201: 9187: 9183: 9170: 9169: 9165: 9155: 9153: 9149: 9142: 9138: 9137: 9130: 9120: 9118: 9107: 9106: 9102: 9087: 9086: 9082: 9059: 9055: 9045: 9043: 9032: 9031: 9027: 9014: 9013: 9009: 9000: 8996: 8986: 8984: 8975: 8974: 8970: 8961: 8959: 8955: 8948: 8940: 8936: 8921: 8920: 8916: 8899: 8895: 8885: 8883: 8873: 8869: 8859: 8857: 8846: 8845: 8841: 8831: 8829: 8816: 8812: 8802: 8800: 8787: 8786: 8782: 8773: 8769: 8761:Wayback Machine 8747:Wayback Machine 8729:Wayback Machine 8717:, July 12, 2011 8705:Wayback Machine 8695: 8691: 8681: 8679: 8667: 8663: 8653: 8651: 8635: 8631: 8621: 8619: 8607: 8603: 8593: 8591: 8581: 8574: 8564: 8562: 8552: 8545: 8535: 8533: 8520: 8519: 8515: 8505: 8503: 8494: 8493: 8486: 8476: 8474: 8464: 8460: 8450: 8448: 8439: 8438: 8434: 8424: 8422: 8410: 8406: 8389: 8385: 8368: 8364: 8354: 8352: 8340: 8336: 8326: 8324: 8322:Chicago Tribune 8314: 8310: 8301: 8300: 8296: 8280: 8279: 8267: 8251: 8247: 8204: 8200: 8190: 8188: 8178: 8174: 8157: 8153: 8140: 8139: 8135: 8118: 8111: 8101: 8099: 8087: 8080: 8070: 8068: 8048: 8044: 8034: 8032: 8022: 8018: 8008: 8006: 7994: 7990: 7986:, July 8, 2013. 7980:Wayback Machine 7970: 7966: 7958: 7954: 7941: 7937: 7922: 7918: 7903: 7902: 7898: 7885: 7884: 7877: 7860: 7856: 7841: 7832: 7822: 7820: 7803: 7799: 7789: 7787: 7781: 7777: 7767: 7765: 7754: 7753: 7749: 7738: 7729: 7719: 7717: 7700: 7693: 7683: 7681: 7664: 7660: 7651: 7647: 7634: 7633: 7629: 7619: 7617: 7616:. July 27, 2013 7606: 7605: 7601: 7591: 7589: 7577: 7573: 7563: 7561: 7551: 7547: 7537: 7535: 7529:The Observatory 7521: 7517: 7507: 7505: 7501: 7494: 7489: 7488: 7484: 7474: 7472: 7461: 7460: 7456: 7446: 7444: 7434: 7430: 7420: 7418: 7400: 7396: 7381: 7374: 7368:Wayback Machine 7358: 7354: 7345: 7341: 7331: 7329: 7314: 7310: 7300: 7298: 7288: 7284: 7274: 7272: 7263: 7262: 7258: 7248: 7246: 7233: 7232: 7228: 7218: 7216: 7207: 7206: 7202: 7187: 7186: 7182: 7167: 7163: 7148: 7144: 7134: 7132: 7117: 7113: 7103: 7101: 7080: 7076: 7066: 7064: 7036: 7032: 7022: 7020: 7009: 7008: 7004: 6995: 6994: 6990: 6980: 6978: 6961: 6957: 6949: 6945: 6936: 6932: 6922: 6920: 6900: 6893: 6880: 6879: 6872: 6865: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6821: 6814: 6804: 6802: 6791: 6790: 6783: 6772: 6768: 6729: 6725: 6715: 6713: 6702: 6698: 6663: 6662: 6658: 6648: 6646: 6633: 6632: 6628: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6601: 6595: 6591: 6581: 6579: 6575: 6569: 6565: 6555: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6544: 6540: 6530: 6528: 6519: 6518: 6511: 6501: 6499: 6491: 6490: 6486: 6476: 6474: 6461: 6457: 6442: 6438: 6429: 6428: 6424: 6414: 6412: 6403: 6402: 6398: 6388: 6386: 6374: 6370: 6356: 6354: 6341: 6337: 6327: 6325: 6313: 6309: 6299: 6297: 6296:on May 21, 2018 6286: 6282: 6272: 6270: 6250: 6246: 6236: 6234: 6222: 6215: 6205: 6203: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6179: 6177: 6164: 6160: 6145: 6138: 6128: 6126: 6122: 6115: 6111: 6110: 6103: 6093: 6091: 6086: 6085: 6076: 6066: 6064: 6047: 6040: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6010: 6008: 5999: 5998: 5991: 5981: 5979: 5975:Upstream Online 5966: 5965: 5961: 5951: 5949: 5940: 5939: 5935: 5925: 5923: 5914: 5913: 5909: 5896: 5895: 5891: 5881: 5879: 5867: 5863: 5853: 5851: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5824: 5822: 5810: 5806: 5801:. July 6, 2020. 5794: 5790: 5789: 5785: 5775: 5773: 5761: 5754: 5748:Wayback Machine 5739: 5735: 5726:Wayback Machine 5712: 5708: 5698: 5696: 5677: 5670: 5660: 5658: 5647: 5646: 5639: 5629: 5627: 5617: 5613: 5603: 5601: 5596: 5595: 5591: 5582: 5580: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5553: 5551: 5542: 5541: 5537: 5527: 5525: 5524:(Press release) 5518: 5514: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5480: 5478: 5462: 5458: 5445: 5444: 5440: 5430: 5428: 5409: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5381: 5377: 5367: 5365: 5355: 5351: 5341: 5339: 5327: 5323: 5313: 5311: 5302: 5301: 5297: 5287: 5285: 5272: 5271: 5267: 5254: 5253: 5249: 5239: 5237: 5225: 5221: 5211: 5209: 5187: 5183: 5173: 5171: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5145: 5143: 5131: 5127: 5108: 5107: 5100: 5090: 5088: 5076: 5072: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5031: 5020: 5010: 5008: 4988: 4984: 4974: 4972: 4971:. March 9, 2017 4963: 4962: 4947: 4931: 4930: 4916: 4912: 4898: 4896: 4884: 4880: 4870: 4868: 4864: 4857: 4851: 4847: 4837: 4835: 4814: 4813: 4806: 4798: 4794: 4779: 4778: 4771: 4756: 4755: 4748: 4740: 4733: 4716: 4712: 4695: 4691: 4681: 4679: 4667: 4663: 4654: 4652: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4620: 4618: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4592: 4590: 4581: 4580: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4552: 4551: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4520: 4509: 4497: 4495: 4486: 4485: 4478: 4476: 4468: 4464: 4463: 4456: 4446: 4444: 4434: 4430: 4413: 4406: 4391: 4387: 4378: 4374: 4364: 4362: 4361:, April 9, 2016 4358: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4337: 4335: 4334:, April 2, 2016 4331: 4325: 4324: 4320: 4310: 4308: 4307:, June 28, 2011 4304: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4283: 4281: 4271: 4267: 4257: 4255: 4245: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4206: 4196: 4194: 4185: 4184: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4128: 4121: 4111: 4109: 4100: 4099: 4095: 4085: 4083: 4073: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4034: 4032: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3982: 3980: 3976:Upstream Online 3967: 3966: 3962: 3952: 3950: 3941: 3940: 3933: 3923: 3921: 3906: 3902: 3892: 3890: 3886: 3879: 3875: 3874: 3867: 3857: 3855: 3846: 3845: 3838: 3828: 3826: 3815: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3793:. March 2, 2012 3785: 3784: 3775: 3758: 3754: 3744: 3742: 3730: 3723: 3713: 3711: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3687: 3685: 3673: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3632: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3596: 3595: 3591: 3581: 3579: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3542: 3538: 3528: 3526: 3513: 3512: 3508: 3498: 3496: 3490: 3486: 3476: 3474: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3449: 3440: 3439: 3430: 3420: 3418: 3405: 3404: 3397: 3388: 3387: 3383: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3344: 3333: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3296:. May 30, 2024. 3288: 3287: 3283: 3273: 3271: 3263: 3262: 3255: 3245: 3243: 3226: 3222: 3213: 3212: 3203: 3186: 3185: 3176: 3159: 3158: 3149: 3132: 3131: 3122: 3112: 3110: 3101: 3100: 3091: 3074: 3073: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3054: 3045: 3041: 3028: 3024: 3019: 2982: 2935: 2898:Seaway pipeline 2890: 2881: 2834: 2829: 2746:Hillary Clinton 2734: 2714:Native American 2710: 2693: 2687: 2667:In April 2018, 2650: 2620:synthetic crude 2600: 2535:Omaha, Nebraska 2504:Kalamazoo River 2483: 2464:In April 2013, 2347: 2327:migratory birds 2315: 2260:Lennox Yearwood 2248:The Sierra Club 2142: 2113: 2104:Kalamazoo River 2057: 2006: 1981: 1972: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1951: 1947: 1940: 1938:Economic issues 1885:A map of world 1879: 1840:Ambassador Doer 1823: 1787: 1743: 1703: 1690:Hillary Clinton 1651:Koch Industries 1632: 1627: 1575:Morgan, Montana 1563: 1547:Houston Lateral 1543: 1519: 1510:Peabody, Kansas 1487: 1392: 1387: 1363: 935: 889:Williston Basin 860: 848:executive order 798:Williston Basin 794:light crude oil 612: 514: 489: 487: 380: 285: 273: 259: 223: 221: 156: 142: 115: 67: 51: 37: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15764: 15754: 15753: 15748: 15743: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15703: 15698: 15693: 15688: 15683: 15678: 15673: 15668: 15663: 15658: 15653: 15636: 15635: 15633: 15632: 15627: 15621: 15618: 15617: 15614: 15613: 15611: 15610: 15603: 15596: 15589: 15582: 15575: 15566: 15559: 15552: 15545: 15538: 15531: 15524: 15517: 15516: 15515: 15504: 15502: 15498: 15497: 15495: 15494: 15489: 15484: 15479: 15474: 15469: 15464: 15459: 15453: 15451: 15438: 15437: 15435: 15434: 15429: 15424: 15419: 15413: 15411: 15398: 15392: 15391: 15388: 15387: 15385: 15384: 15377: 15375:Project E-Pana 15372: 15363: 15361: 15357: 15356: 15354: 15353: 15348: 15347: 15346: 15336: 15330: 15328: 15319: 15318: 15313: 15308: 15303: 15298: 15297: 15296: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15265: 15263: 15259: 15258: 15255: 15254: 15252: 15251: 15246: 15245: 15244: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15223: 15222: 15212: 15207: 15206: 15205: 15194: 15192: 15190:and misconduct 15182: 15181: 15179: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15128: 15123: 15122: 15121: 15110: 15108: 15098: 15097: 15095: 15094: 15092:Long-term DWAs 15089: 15088: 15087: 15085:Joyce Echaquan 15082: 15080:Brian Sinclair 15074: 15069: 15064: 15063: 15062: 15052: 15050:Climate change 15047: 15042: 15036: 15034: 15023: 15017: 15016: 15013: 15012: 15010: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14989: 14983: 14981: 14975: 14974: 14972: 14971: 14966: 14961: 14960: 14959: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14938: 14937: 14935:Chanie Wenjack 14928: 14917: 14915: 14909: 14908: 14906: 14905: 14900: 14893: 14888: 14880: 14878: 14869: 14865: 14864: 14856: 14855: 14848: 14841: 14833: 14826: 14825: 14813: 14801: 14789: 14777: 14754: 14753: 14751: 14750: 14739: 14738: 14733: 14727: 14726: 14723:← Donald Trump 14718: 14715: 14714: 14712: 14711: 14706: 14701: 14698:Situation Room 14694: 14689: 14684: 14679: 14674: 14669: 14664: 14659: 14654: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14634: 14628: 14626: 14622: 14621: 14619: 14618: 14615:Spitting Image 14611: 14603: 14596: 14585: 14578: 14571: 14564: 14557: 14549: 14547: 14541: 14540: 14538: 14537: 14534:Vilnius speech 14531: 14525: 14519: 14518: 14517: 14512: 14507: 14497: 14491: 14484: 14482: 14478: 14477: 14475: 14474: 14466: 14459: 14451: 14449: 14443: 14442: 14440: 14439: 14438: 14437: 14429: 14428: 14427: 14422: 14417: 14409: 14403: 14397: 14394:Kathleen Buhle 14391: 14385: 14379: 14373: 14367: 14361: 14355: 14349: 14343: 14337: 14330: 14328: 14322: 14321: 14318: 14317: 14315: 14314: 14313: 14312: 14307: 14306: 14305: 14300: 14290: 14289: 14288: 14273: 14272: 14271: 14266: 14261: 14256: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14240: 14239: 14234: 14224: 14223: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14192: 14182: 14181: 14180: 14175: 14165: 14164: 14163: 14152: 14150: 14146: 14145: 14143: 14142: 14141: 14140: 14135: 14130: 14120: 14119: 14118: 14113: 14108: 14103: 14098: 14087: 14085: 14081: 14080: 14078: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14041: 14039: 14032: 14026: 14025: 14023: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 14001: 14000: 13995: 13985: 13980: 13974: 13972: 13968: 13967: 13965: 13964: 13955: 13946: 13945:(2021–present) 13939: 13936: 13935: 13928: 13927: 13920: 13913: 13905: 13896: 13895: 13892: 13891: 13888: 13887: 13885: 13884: 13879: 13873: 13871: 13864: 13857: 13851: 13850: 13847: 13846: 13843: 13842: 13840: 13839: 13833: 13831: 13824: 13820: 13819: 13816: 13815: 13813: 13812: 13806: 13804: 13800: 13799: 13797: 13796: 13789: 13787: 13783: 13782: 13780: 13779: 13773: 13767: 13761: 13755: 13749: 13743: 13737: 13735: 13728: 13721: 13715: 13714: 13711: 13710: 13707: 13706: 13704: 13703: 13692: 13690: 13686: 13685: 13683: 13682: 13671: 13669: 13665: 13664: 13662: 13661: 13650: 13639: 13637: 13633: 13632: 13630: 13629: 13618: 13607: 13605: 13601: 13600: 13598: 13597: 13587: 13577: 13566: 13564: 13560: 13559: 13557: 13556: 13546: 13536: 13526: 13516: 13506: 13496: 13485: 13483: 13476: 13469: 13463: 13462: 13455: 13454: 13447: 13440: 13432: 13423: 13422: 13420: 13419: 13410: 13400: 13397: 13396: 13394: 13393: 13392: 13391: 13384: 13377: 13363: 13356: 13349: 13342: 13335: 13328: 13327: 13326: 13313: 13311: 13305: 13304: 13302: 13301: 13294: 13293: 13292: 13278: 13271: 13268:Infrastructure 13264: 13257: 13256: 13255: 13248: 13241: 13232:Foreign policy 13229: 13228: 13227: 13220: 13206: 13205: 13204: 13197: 13190: 13183: 13168: 13166: 13160: 13159: 13156: 13155: 13153: 13152: 13144: 13137: 13130: 13123: 13116: 13109: 13101: 13093: 13084: 13082: 13078: 13077: 13075: 13074: 13073: 13072: 13065: 13058: 13051: 13044: 13037: 13036: 13035: 13032:by Mike Pompeo 13028: 13014: 13007: 13000: 12993: 12979: 12972: 12971: 12970: 12963: 12956: 12949: 12937: 12936: 12935: 12928: 12921: 12914: 12902: 12901: 12900: 12893: 12886: 12879: 12867: 12866: 12865: 12858: 12851: 12844: 12832: 12829:First 100 days 12824: 12818: 12812: 12811: 12809: 12808: 12801: 12800: 12799: 12792: 12785: 12778: 12771: 12757: 12750: 12749: 12748: 12741: 12734: 12727: 12720: 12706: 12705: 12704: 12701:Stop the Steal 12690: 12689: 12688: 12674: 12667: 12666: 12665: 12658: 12651: 12644: 12637: 12630: 12623: 12616: 12604: 12597: 12590: 12583: 12576: 12569: 12562: 12555: 12554: 12553: 12546: 12532: 12525: 12518: 12511: 12504: 12497: 12490: 12489: 12488: 12481: 12467: 12460: 12453: 12446: 12445: 12444: 12437: 12423: 12416: 12415: 12414: 12407: 12400: 12393: 12379: 12372: 12371: 12370: 12363: 12356: 12349: 12335: 12334: 12333: 12326: 12319: 12305: 12298: 12291: 12284: 12277: 12270: 12269: 12268: 12254: 12253: 12252: 12245: 12238: 12231: 12217: 12216: 12215: 12208: 12194: 12193: 12192: 12185: 12178: 12171: 12157: 12156: 12155: 12148: 12136: 12129: 12122: 12121: 12120: 12113: 12106: 12092: 12091: 12090: 12076: 12068: 12066: 12062: 12061: 12053: 12052: 12045: 12038: 12030: 12021: 12020: 12018: 12017: 12008: 11998: 11995: 11994: 11992: 11991: 11983: 11981: 11977: 11976: 11974: 11973: 11966: 11959: 11952: 11945: 11938: 11930: 11928: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11918: 11917: 11916: 11909: 11897: 11890: 11887:Dodd–Frank Act 11883: 11876: 11868: 11866: 11860: 11859: 11857: 11856: 11855: 11854: 11847: 11840: 11833: 11826: 11819: 11812: 11805: 11795:Domestic trips 11791: 11784: 11777: 11770: 11763: 11756: 11749: 11742: 11734: 11732: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11724: 11717: 11710: 11703: 11696: 11695: 11694: 11687: 11673: 11666: 11659: 11652: 11651: 11650: 11643: 11631: 11624: 11623: 11622: 11615: 11608: 11601: 11587: 11586: 11585: 11578: 11564: 11561:Obama Doctrine 11556: 11554: 11552:Foreign policy 11548: 11547: 11544: 11543: 11541: 11540: 11533: 11526: 11519: 11512: 11505: 11498: 11491: 11483: 11474: 11472: 11468: 11467: 11465: 11464: 11457: 11456: 11455: 11448: 11441: 11427: 11426: 11425: 11418: 11417: 11416: 11409: 11402: 11381: 11374: 11367: 11366: 11365: 11358: 11351: 11344: 11337: 11330: 11323: 11316: 11302: 11299:First 100 days 11295: 11288: 11281: 11273: 11267: 11261: 11260: 11252: 11251: 11244: 11237: 11229: 11203: 11202: 11200: 11199: 11189: 11176: 11173: 11172: 11170: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11138: 11136: 11134:Joint ventures 11130: 11129: 11127: 11126: 11124:Trans Mountain 11120: 11118: 11112: 11111: 11109: 11108: 11102: 11100: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11059: 11057: 11051: 11050: 11047: 11046: 11044: 11043: 11037: 11035: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10949: 10947: 10938: 10932: 10931: 10929: 10928: 10922: 10920: 10914: 10913: 10902: 10901: 10894: 10887: 10879: 10873: 10872: 10866: 10860: 10854: 10843: 10842:External links 10840: 10839: 10838: 10833:978-0295741512 10832: 10813: 10790: 10767: 10744: 10718: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10681: 10665: 10639: 10609: 10582: 10556: 10528: 10510: 10490: 10477: 10459: 10438: 10418: 10386: 10354: 10317: 10291: 10279: 10266: 10253: 10240: 10227: 10209: 10193: 10154: 10133: 10107: 10086: 10069:www.canada.com 10056: 10035: 10018: 9997: 9969: 9939: 9906: 9877: 9849: 9822: 9795: 9770: 9742: 9714: 9696: 9668: 9637: 9609: 9583: 9557: 9539: 9529:, July 5, 2018 9511: 9496: 9468: 9440: 9425: 9410: 9384: 9339: 9277: 9251: 9225: 9199: 9181: 9163: 9128: 9100: 9080: 9053: 9025: 9007: 8994: 8968: 8934: 8914: 8893: 8867: 8839: 8810: 8780: 8767: 8765: 8764: 8750: 8738:Pipeline 101, 8736: 8718: 8696:Larry Lakely, 8689: 8661: 8629: 8601: 8572: 8543: 8513: 8502:. May 23, 2019 8484: 8458: 8432: 8404: 8383: 8362: 8334: 8308: 8294: 8265: 8245: 8218:(4): 433–448. 8198: 8186:Texas Observer 8172: 8151: 8133: 8109: 8096:The New Yorker 8078: 8042: 8016: 7988: 7964: 7952: 7935: 7916: 7896: 7875: 7854: 7849:Financial Post 7830: 7797: 7775: 7747: 7727: 7691: 7658: 7645: 7627: 7599: 7571: 7545: 7515: 7482: 7454: 7428: 7411:Financial Post 7403:Francis, Diane 7394: 7389:Financial Post 7372: 7352: 7339: 7322:Financial Post 7308: 7282: 7256: 7226: 7200: 7180: 7161: 7142: 7111: 7074: 7030: 7002: 6988: 6955: 6943: 6930: 6891: 6870: 6863: 6843: 6812: 6781: 6766: 6739:(4): 433–448. 6723: 6712:on May 4, 2012 6696: 6656: 6626: 6589: 6563: 6538: 6509: 6484: 6455: 6436: 6422: 6396: 6368: 6350:whitehouse.gov 6335: 6307: 6280: 6244: 6213: 6187: 6158: 6136: 6101: 6074: 6038: 6018: 5989: 5959: 5933: 5907: 5889: 5861: 5832: 5804: 5783: 5752: 5733: 5706: 5668: 5637: 5625:Calgary Herald 5611: 5600:. June 5, 2019 5589: 5561: 5535: 5512: 5488: 5456: 5438: 5403: 5375: 5349: 5321: 5308:Financial Post 5295: 5265: 5247: 5219: 5181: 5153: 5125: 5098: 5070: 5046: 5018: 4982: 4945: 4910: 4893:whitehouse.gov 4878: 4845: 4804: 4792: 4769: 4746: 4731: 4710: 4689: 4661: 4651:, January 2014 4632: 4614:whitehouse.gov 4600: 4571: 4542: 4507: 4498:|journal= 4454: 4428: 4404: 4385: 4372: 4370:Primary source 4345: 4343:Primary source 4318: 4316:Primary source 4291: 4265: 4236: 4204: 4175: 4149: 4119: 4093: 4067: 4056:on May 1, 2009 4041: 4018: 4004:ConocoPhillips 3990: 3960: 3931: 3900: 3865: 3836: 3804: 3773: 3752: 3721: 3695: 3662: 3621: 3589: 3557: 3536: 3506: 3484: 3459: 3428: 3395: 3381: 3364: 3331: 3317: 3299: 3294:www.alberta.ca 3281: 3253: 3220: 3217:. transcanada. 3201: 3174: 3147: 3120: 3109:on May 9, 2015 3089: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3039: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2981: 2978: 2949:In June 2012, 2934: 2931: 2889: 2886: 2880: 2877: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2733: 2730: 2718:Cheyenne River 2709: 2708:Water supplies 2706: 2689:Main article: 2686: 2683: 2649: 2646: 2599: 2596: 2559: 2558: 2550: 2526:Lake Sakakawea 2522: 2519:Missouri River 2507: 2500: 2482: 2479: 2371:drinking water 2346: 2343: 2341:in the world. 2323:water supplies 2314: 2311: 2152:global warming 2141: 2138: 2112: 2109: 2056: 2053: 2045:Gulf of Mexico 2005: 2002: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1954: 1952: 1945: 1939: 1936: 1921:greater risk. 1878: 1875: 1864:", declaring: 1847:Whistler, B.C. 1822: 1819: 1786: 1783: 1772:eminent domain 1752:eminent domain 1747:eminent domain 1742: 1741:Eminent domain 1739: 1702: 1699: 1680:climate change 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1579:Baker, Montana 1562: 1559: 1542: 1539: 1518: 1515: 1486: 1483: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1372:ConocoPhillips 1362: 1359: 1200:Justin Trudeau 1171:Houston, Texas 1144:eminent domain 1037:greenhouse gas 971:George W. Bush 967:ConocoPhillips 934: 931: 893:Baker, Montana 859: 856: 790:Baker, Montana 723: 722: 717: 713: 712: 709: 705: 704: 701: 697: 696: 692: 691: 686: 682: 681: 678: 674: 673: 668: 664: 663: 659: 658: 653: 649: 648: 646:Baker, Montana 643: 642:Passes through 639: 638: 633: 629: 628: 624: 623: 615: 614: 604: 603: 600: 596: 595: 591: 590: 587: 583: 582: 579: 575: 574: 569: 565: 564: 561: 557: 556: 551: 547: 546: 542: 541: 539:Houston, Texas 536: 532: 531: 526: 522: 521: 517: 516: 506: 505: 502: 498: 497: 484: 480: 479: 476: 472: 471: 467: 466: 463: 459: 458: 455: 451: 450: 445: 441: 440: 437: 433: 432: 427: 423: 422: 418: 417: 412: 408: 407: 402: 401:Passes through 398: 397: 392: 388: 387: 383: 382: 372: 371: 368: 361: 360: 357: 353: 352: 349: 345: 344: 340: 339: 336: 332: 331: 328: 324: 323: 318: 314: 313: 310: 306: 305: 300: 296: 295: 291: 290: 283: 279: 278: 271: 267: 266: 262: 261: 251: 250: 247: 240: 239: 236: 232: 231: 218: 214: 213: 210: 206: 205: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 189: 185: 184: 181: 177: 176: 171: 167: 166: 162: 161: 151: 147: 146: 137: 136:Passes through 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 118: 117: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 91: 87: 86: 81: 77: 76: 72: 71: 62: 58: 57: 53: 52: 49: 41: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15763: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15679: 15677: 15674: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15657: 15654: 15652: 15649: 15648: 15646: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15622: 15619: 15609: 15608: 15604: 15602: 15601: 15597: 15595: 15594: 15590: 15588: 15587: 15583: 15581: 15580: 15579:Rustic Oracle 15576: 15574: 15572: 15567: 15565: 15564: 15563:Quiet Killing 15560: 15558: 15557: 15553: 15551: 15550: 15546: 15544: 15543: 15539: 15537: 15536: 15532: 15530: 15529: 15525: 15523: 15522: 15518: 15514: 15511: 15510: 15509: 15506: 15505: 15503: 15499: 15493: 15490: 15488: 15485: 15483: 15480: 15478: 15475: 15473: 15470: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15454: 15452: 15450: 15443: 15439: 15433: 15430: 15428: 15425: 15423: 15420: 15418: 15415: 15414: 15412: 15410: 15402: 15399: 15393: 15383: 15382: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15369: 15365: 15364: 15362: 15358: 15352: 15349: 15345: 15342: 15341: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15332: 15331: 15329: 15327:and inquiries 15323: 15317: 15314: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15301:Red handprint 15299: 15295: 15294:Red Dress Day 15292: 15291: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15266: 15264: 15260: 15250: 15247: 15243: 15240: 15239: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15221: 15218: 15217: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15204: 15201: 15200: 15199: 15196: 15195: 15193: 15191: 15183: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15171:Amber Tuccaro 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15136:Tina Fontaine 15134: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15120: 15117: 15116: 15115: 15112: 15111: 15109: 15107: 15099: 15093: 15090: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15077: 15075: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15065: 15061: 15058: 15057: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15045:Child poverty 15043: 15041: 15038: 15037: 15035: 15027: 15024: 15018: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15002:Indian agents 15000: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14984: 14982: 14980: 14976: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14958: 14955: 14954: 14953: 14952:Sixties Scoop 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14936: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14923: 14922: 14919: 14918: 14916: 14914: 14910: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14898: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14886: 14882: 14881: 14879: 14877: 14873: 14870: 14866: 14862: 14854: 14849: 14847: 14842: 14840: 14835: 14834: 14831: 14824: 14823:United States 14814: 14812: 14802: 14800: 14790: 14788: 14783: 14778: 14776: 14771: 14766: 14765: 14762: 14749: 14741: 14740: 14737: 14734: 14732: 14731:← Dick Cheney 14729: 14728: 14725: 14724: 14720: 14719: 14716: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14699: 14695: 14693: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14683: 14680: 14678: 14675: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14665: 14663: 14660: 14658: 14657:Buy a Shotgun 14655: 14653: 14650: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14633: 14630: 14629: 14627: 14623: 14617: 14616: 14612: 14610: 14608: 14604: 14602: 14601: 14597: 14595: 14590: 14586: 14583: 14582:One Last Ride 14579: 14577: 14576: 14575:My Son Hunter 14572: 14569: 14565: 14563: 14562: 14558: 14556: 14555: 14551: 14550: 14548: 14542: 14535: 14532: 14529: 14526: 14523: 14522:Warsaw speech 14520: 14516: 14513: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14503: 14502: 14501: 14498: 14495: 14492: 14489: 14486: 14485: 14483: 14479: 14473: 14471: 14467: 14465: 14464: 14460: 14458: 14457: 14453: 14452: 14450: 14448: 14444: 14436: 14433: 14432: 14430: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14404: 14401: 14398: 14395: 14392: 14389: 14386: 14383: 14380: 14377: 14374: 14371: 14368: 14365: 14362: 14359: 14356: 14353: 14350: 14348:(second wife) 14347: 14344: 14341: 14338: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14329: 14327: 14323: 14311: 14308: 14304: 14301: 14299: 14296: 14295: 14294: 14291: 14287: 14284: 14283: 14282: 14279: 14278: 14277: 14276:2024 campaign 14274: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14229: 14228: 14225: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14205:organizations 14203: 14201: 14198: 14197: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14187: 14186: 14185:2020 campaign 14183: 14179: 14176: 14174: 14171: 14170: 14169: 14168:2008 campaign 14166: 14162: 14159: 14158: 14157: 14156:1988 campaign 14154: 14153: 14151: 14147: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14125: 14124: 14123:2012 campaign 14121: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14104: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14093: 14092: 14091:2008 campaign 14089: 14088: 14086: 14082: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14043: 14042: 14040: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14027: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13990: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13975: 13973: 13969: 13962: 13961:from Delaware 13959: 13956: 13953: 13950: 13947: 13944: 13941: 13940: 13937: 13933: 13926: 13921: 13919: 13914: 13912: 13907: 13906: 13903: 13883: 13880: 13878: 13875: 13874: 13872: 13868: 13865: 13861: 13858: 13856: 13852: 13838: 13835: 13834: 13832: 13828: 13825: 13821: 13811: 13808: 13807: 13805: 13801: 13795: 13791: 13790: 13788: 13784: 13778: 13774: 13772: 13768: 13766: 13762: 13760: 13756: 13754: 13750: 13748: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13738: 13736: 13732: 13729: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13716: 13701: 13697: 13694: 13693: 13691: 13687: 13680: 13676: 13673: 13672: 13670: 13666: 13659: 13655: 13651: 13648: 13644: 13641: 13640: 13638: 13634: 13627: 13623: 13619: 13616: 13612: 13609: 13608: 13606: 13602: 13595: 13591: 13588: 13585: 13581: 13578: 13575: 13571: 13568: 13567: 13565: 13561: 13554: 13550: 13547: 13544: 13540: 13537: 13534: 13530: 13527: 13524: 13520: 13517: 13514: 13510: 13507: 13504: 13500: 13497: 13494: 13490: 13487: 13486: 13484: 13480: 13477: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13464: 13460: 13453: 13448: 13446: 13441: 13439: 13434: 13433: 13430: 13417: 13416: 13411: 13408: 13407: 13402: 13401: 13398: 13389: 13385: 13382: 13378: 13375: 13371: 13370: 13368: 13364: 13361: 13357: 13354: 13350: 13347: 13343: 13340: 13336: 13333: 13329: 13322: 13321: 13319: 13315: 13314: 13312: 13310: 13306: 13299: 13295: 13290: 13286: 13285: 13283: 13282:Social issues 13279: 13276: 13272: 13269: 13265: 13262: 13258: 13253: 13252:America First 13249: 13246: 13242: 13239: 13235: 13234: 13230: 13225: 13221: 13218: 13214: 13213: 13211: 13207: 13202: 13198: 13195: 13191: 13188: 13184: 13181: 13177: 13176: 13174: 13170: 13169: 13167: 13165: 13161: 13149: 13145: 13142: 13138: 13135: 13131: 13128: 13124: 13121: 13117: 13114: 13110: 13106: 13102: 13098: 13097:Warsaw speech 13094: 13090: 13086: 13085: 13083: 13079: 13070: 13066: 13063: 13059: 13056: 13052: 13049: 13045: 13042: 13041:Riyadh summit 13038: 13033: 13029: 13026: 13022: 13021: 13019: 13018:international 13015: 13012: 13008: 13005: 13001: 12998: 12994: 12991: 12987: 12986: 12984: 12980: 12977: 12973: 12968: 12964: 12961: 12957: 12954: 12950: 12947: 12943: 12942: 12938: 12933: 12929: 12926: 12922: 12919: 12915: 12912: 12908: 12907: 12903: 12898: 12894: 12891: 12887: 12884: 12880: 12877: 12873: 12872: 12868: 12863: 12859: 12856: 12852: 12849: 12845: 12842: 12838: 12837: 12833: 12830: 12826: 12825: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12813: 12806: 12802: 12797: 12796:controversies 12793: 12790: 12786: 12783: 12779: 12776: 12772: 12769: 12765: 12764: 12762: 12758: 12755: 12751: 12746: 12742: 12739: 12735: 12732: 12728: 12725: 12721: 12718: 12714: 12713: 12711: 12707: 12702: 12698: 12697: 12695: 12691: 12686: 12682: 12681: 12679: 12675: 12672: 12668: 12663: 12659: 12656: 12652: 12649: 12645: 12642: 12638: 12635: 12631: 12628: 12624: 12621: 12617: 12614: 12610: 12609: 12605: 12602: 12601:Legal affairs 12598: 12595: 12591: 12588: 12584: 12581: 12577: 12574: 12570: 12567: 12563: 12560: 12556: 12551: 12547: 12544: 12543:Communication 12540: 12539: 12537: 12533: 12530: 12526: 12523: 12519: 12516: 12512: 12509: 12505: 12502: 12498: 12495: 12491: 12486: 12482: 12479: 12475: 12474: 12472: 12471:Syria strikes 12468: 12465: 12461: 12458: 12454: 12451: 12447: 12442: 12438: 12435: 12431: 12430: 12428: 12424: 12421: 12417: 12412: 12408: 12405: 12401: 12398: 12394: 12391: 12390:peace process 12387: 12386: 12384: 12380: 12377: 12373: 12368: 12364: 12361: 12357: 12354: 12350: 12347: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12336: 12331: 12327: 12324: 12320: 12317: 12313: 12312: 12310: 12306: 12303: 12299: 12296: 12292: 12289: 12285: 12282: 12278: 12275: 12271: 12266: 12262: 12261: 12259: 12255: 12250: 12246: 12243: 12239: 12236: 12232: 12229: 12225: 12224: 12222: 12218: 12213: 12209: 12206: 12202: 12201: 12199: 12195: 12190: 12186: 12183: 12179: 12176: 12172: 12169: 12165: 12164: 12162: 12158: 12153: 12149: 12146: 12142: 12141: 12137: 12134: 12130: 12127: 12123: 12118: 12114: 12111: 12107: 12104: 12100: 12099: 12097: 12093: 12088: 12084: 12083: 12081: 12077: 12074: 12070: 12069: 12067: 12063: 12058: 12051: 12046: 12044: 12039: 12037: 12032: 12031: 12028: 12015: 12014: 12009: 12006: 12005: 12000: 11999: 11996: 11989: 11985: 11984: 11982: 11978: 11971: 11967: 11964: 11960: 11957: 11953: 11950: 11946: 11943: 11942:Marine policy 11939: 11936: 11932: 11931: 11929: 11927: 11926:Energy policy 11923: 11914: 11910: 11907: 11903: 11902: 11898: 11895: 11891: 11888: 11884: 11881: 11877: 11874: 11870: 11869: 11867: 11865: 11861: 11852: 11848: 11845: 11841: 11838: 11834: 11831: 11827: 11824: 11820: 11817: 11813: 11810: 11806: 11803: 11799: 11798: 11796: 11792: 11789: 11785: 11782: 11781:Social policy 11778: 11775: 11774:Native policy 11771: 11768: 11767:Marine policy 11764: 11761: 11757: 11754: 11750: 11747: 11743: 11740: 11736: 11735: 11733: 11729: 11722: 11718: 11715: 11711: 11708: 11704: 11701: 11697: 11692: 11688: 11685: 11681: 11680: 11678: 11674: 11671: 11667: 11664: 11660: 11657: 11653: 11648: 11644: 11641: 11637: 11636: 11632: 11629: 11625: 11620: 11616: 11613: 11609: 11606: 11602: 11599: 11595: 11594: 11592: 11588: 11583: 11582:by John Kerry 11579: 11576: 11572: 11571: 11569: 11565: 11562: 11558: 11557: 11555: 11553: 11549: 11538: 11534: 11531: 11527: 11524: 11520: 11517: 11513: 11510: 11506: 11503: 11499: 11496: 11492: 11488: 11484: 11480: 11476: 11475: 11473: 11469: 11462: 11458: 11453: 11449: 11446: 11442: 11439: 11435: 11434: 11432: 11428: 11423: 11422:controversies 11419: 11414: 11410: 11407: 11403: 11400: 11396: 11395: 11393: 11392:Supreme Court 11389: 11388: 11386: 11382: 11379: 11375: 11372: 11368: 11363: 11359: 11356: 11352: 11349: 11345: 11342: 11338: 11335: 11331: 11328: 11324: 11321: 11317: 11314: 11310: 11309: 11307: 11303: 11300: 11296: 11293: 11289: 11286: 11282: 11279: 11275: 11274: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11262: 11257: 11250: 11245: 11243: 11238: 11236: 11231: 11230: 11227: 11221: 11217: 11216: 11211: 11198: 11190: 11188: 11178: 11177: 11174: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11139: 11137: 11135: 11131: 11125: 11122: 11121: 11119: 11117: 11113: 11107: 11104: 11103: 11101: 11099: 11095: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11060: 11058: 11056: 11052: 11042: 11039: 11038: 11036: 11034: 11030: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10946: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10933: 10927: 10924: 10923: 10921: 10919: 10915: 10911: 10907: 10900: 10895: 10893: 10888: 10886: 10881: 10880: 10877: 10870: 10867: 10864: 10861: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10849: 10846: 10845: 10835: 10829: 10825: 10821: 10820: 10814: 10810: 10804: 10796: 10791: 10787: 10781: 10773: 10768: 10764: 10758: 10750: 10745: 10741: 10735: 10724: 10719: 10715: 10709: 10698: 10694: 10690: 10689: 10678: 10674: 10669: 10653: 10649: 10643: 10627: 10623: 10619: 10613: 10597: 10596:The Oil Daily 10593: 10586: 10570: 10566: 10560: 10545: 10544: 10539: 10532: 10524: 10520: 10514: 10507: 10503: 10500: 10497:TransCanada, 10494: 10487: 10481: 10473: 10469: 10463: 10455: 10454: 10449: 10442: 10434: 10433: 10428: 10422: 10403: 10402: 10397: 10390: 10375: 10371: 10370: 10365: 10358: 10342: 10338: 10334: 10333: 10328: 10321: 10306: 10302: 10295: 10289: 10283: 10276: 10270: 10263: 10257: 10250: 10244: 10237: 10231: 10223: 10222:Gallup Report 10219: 10213: 10206: 10200: 10198: 10178: 10174: 10167: 10161: 10159: 10150: 10149: 10144: 10137: 10129: 10125: 10124: 10118: 10111: 10103: 10102: 10097: 10090: 10074: 10070: 10066: 10060: 10045: 10039: 10028: 10022: 10014: 10007: 10001: 9986: 9985: 9980: 9973: 9957: 9953: 9952:National Post 9949: 9943: 9927: 9923: 9922: 9917: 9910: 9894: 9893: 9888: 9881: 9866: 9865: 9860: 9853: 9837: 9833: 9826: 9810: 9806: 9799: 9780: 9774: 9759: 9758: 9753: 9746: 9731: 9730: 9725: 9718: 9710: 9706: 9700: 9684: 9683: 9678: 9672: 9657: 9656: 9651: 9644: 9642: 9626: 9625: 9620: 9613: 9598: 9594: 9587: 9571: 9567: 9561: 9554: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9528: 9521: 9515: 9508: 9503: 9501: 9485: 9484: 9479: 9472: 9457: 9456: 9451: 9444: 9437: 9432: 9430: 9422: 9417: 9415: 9398: 9394: 9388: 9372: 9368: 9364: 9360: 9359: 9353: 9346: 9344: 9327: 9323: 9309: 9305: 9301: 9300:"XL Pipeline" 9287: 9281: 9273: 9272: 9267: 9260: 9258: 9256: 9239: 9235: 9229: 9214: 9210: 9203: 9196: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9177: 9173: 9167: 9148: 9141: 9135: 9133: 9116: 9115: 9110: 9104: 9096: 9095: 9090: 9084: 9076: 9072: 9071: 9065: 9057: 9041: 9040: 9035: 9029: 9021: 9017: 9011: 9004: 8998: 8987:September 14, 8982: 8978: 8972: 8962:September 14, 8954: 8947: 8946: 8938: 8930: 8929: 8924: 8918: 8910: 8909: 8904: 8897: 8882: 8878: 8871: 8855: 8854: 8849: 8843: 8827: 8826: 8821: 8814: 8798: 8794: 8790: 8784: 8777: 8774:Paul Hammel, 8771: 8763:May 20, 2012. 8762: 8758: 8755: 8751: 8748: 8744: 8741: 8737: 8734: 8730: 8726: 8723: 8719: 8716: 8713: 8709: 8708: 8706: 8702: 8699: 8693: 8678: 8677: 8672: 8665: 8650: 8646: 8645: 8640: 8633: 8618: 8617: 8612: 8605: 8590: 8586: 8579: 8577: 8561: 8557: 8550: 8548: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8517: 8501: 8497: 8491: 8489: 8473: 8469: 8462: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8421: 8420: 8415: 8408: 8400: 8399: 8394: 8387: 8379: 8378: 8373: 8366: 8351: 8350: 8345: 8338: 8323: 8319: 8312: 8304: 8298: 8290: 8284: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8262: 8258: 8257: 8249: 8241: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8209: 8202: 8187: 8183: 8176: 8168: 8167: 8162: 8155: 8147: 8143: 8137: 8129: 8128: 8123: 8116: 8114: 8098: 8097: 8092: 8085: 8083: 8067: 8063: 8059: 8058: 8053: 8046: 8031: 8027: 8020: 8005: 8004: 7999: 7992: 7985: 7981: 7977: 7974: 7968: 7962: 7956: 7949: 7945: 7939: 7931: 7927: 7920: 7912: 7911: 7906: 7900: 7892: 7888: 7882: 7880: 7871: 7870: 7865: 7858: 7850: 7846: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7818: 7814: 7813: 7808: 7801: 7786: 7779: 7763: 7762: 7757: 7751: 7743: 7736: 7734: 7732: 7715: 7711: 7710: 7705: 7698: 7696: 7679: 7675: 7674: 7669: 7662: 7655: 7649: 7641: 7637: 7631: 7615: 7614: 7609: 7603: 7588: 7587: 7582: 7575: 7560: 7556: 7549: 7534: 7530: 7526: 7519: 7500: 7493: 7486: 7470: 7466: 7465: 7458: 7443: 7439: 7432: 7416: 7412: 7408: 7404: 7398: 7390: 7386: 7379: 7377: 7369: 7365: 7362: 7356: 7349: 7343: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7312: 7297: 7293: 7286: 7270: 7266: 7260: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7230: 7214: 7210: 7204: 7196: 7195: 7190: 7184: 7177: 7176: 7171: 7165: 7158: 7157: 7152: 7146: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7115: 7099: 7095: 7094:San Francisco 7091: 7090: 7085: 7078: 7063: 7059: 7055: 7051: 7047: 7046: 7041: 7034: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7006: 6998: 6992: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6959: 6952: 6947: 6940: 6934: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6910: 6905: 6898: 6896: 6887: 6883: 6877: 6875: 6866: 6860: 6856: 6855: 6847: 6832: 6831: 6826: 6819: 6817: 6800: 6799: 6794: 6788: 6786: 6777: 6770: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6727: 6711: 6707: 6704:TransCanada. 6700: 6692: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6666: 6660: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6630: 6611: 6607: 6600: 6593: 6574: 6567: 6548: 6542: 6526: 6522: 6516: 6514: 6498: 6494: 6488: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6459: 6451: 6447: 6440: 6432: 6426: 6410: 6406: 6400: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6372: 6364: 6352: 6351: 6346: 6339: 6324: 6323: 6318: 6311: 6295: 6291: 6284: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6260: 6255: 6248: 6233: 6232: 6227: 6220: 6218: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6175: 6174: 6169: 6162: 6154: 6150: 6143: 6141: 6121: 6114: 6108: 6106: 6089: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6062: 6058: 6057: 6052: 6045: 6043: 6034: 6033: 6028: 6022: 6006: 6002: 5996: 5994: 5977: 5976: 5970: 5963: 5947: 5946:EPCM Holdings 5943: 5937: 5921: 5920:Valero Energy 5917: 5911: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5865: 5849: 5847: 5842: 5836: 5821: 5820: 5815: 5808: 5800: 5793: 5787: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5759: 5757: 5749: 5745: 5742: 5737: 5730: 5727: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5716: 5710: 5694: 5690: 5689: 5683: 5675: 5673: 5657: 5655: 5650: 5644: 5642: 5626: 5622: 5615: 5599: 5593: 5578: 5571: 5565: 5549: 5545: 5539: 5523: 5516: 5508: 5504: 5503: 5498: 5492: 5477: 5473: 5472: 5467: 5460: 5453: 5448: 5442: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5415: 5407: 5392: 5391: 5386: 5379: 5364: 5363:Common Dreams 5360: 5353: 5338: 5337: 5332: 5325: 5309: 5305: 5299: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5269: 5262: 5257: 5251: 5236: 5235: 5230: 5223: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5193: 5185: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5157: 5142: 5141: 5136: 5129: 5121: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5105: 5103: 5087: 5086: 5081: 5074: 5066: 5062: 5061: 5056: 5050: 5042: 5041:Harv. L. Rev. 5037: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4986: 4970: 4969:BNN Bloomberg 4966: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4941: 4935: 4927: 4926: 4921: 4914: 4906: 4895: 4894: 4889: 4882: 4863: 4856: 4853:Kerry, John. 4849: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4824: 4818: 4811: 4809: 4801: 4796: 4788: 4787: 4782: 4776: 4774: 4765: 4764: 4759: 4753: 4751: 4743: 4738: 4736: 4727: 4726: 4721: 4714: 4706: 4705: 4704:BuzzFeed News 4700: 4693: 4678: 4677: 4672: 4665: 4650: 4646: 4644: 4636: 4628: 4616: 4615: 4610: 4604: 4588: 4584: 4578: 4576: 4559: 4555: 4549: 4547: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4503: 4490: 4474: 4467: 4461: 4459: 4443: 4439: 4432: 4424: 4423: 4418: 4411: 4409: 4400: 4396: 4389: 4382: 4376: 4357: 4356: 4349: 4330: 4329: 4322: 4303: 4302: 4295: 4280: 4276: 4269: 4254: 4250: 4243: 4241: 4224: 4217: 4211: 4209: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4180: 4163: 4159: 4153: 4137: 4133: 4126: 4124: 4107: 4103: 4097: 4082: 4078: 4071: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4031: 4030: 4022: 4006: 4005: 4000: 3994: 3978: 3977: 3971: 3964: 3948: 3944: 3938: 3936: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3904: 3885: 3878: 3872: 3870: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3841: 3824: 3820: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3792: 3791:A Barrel Full 3788: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3769: 3768: 3763: 3756: 3741: 3740: 3735: 3728: 3726: 3709: 3705: 3699: 3684: 3683: 3678: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3609: 3605: 3604: 3599: 3593: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3561: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3540: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3510: 3495: 3488: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3447: 3443: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3402: 3400: 3391: 3385: 3374: 3368: 3349: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3327: 3321: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3295: 3291: 3285: 3270: 3266: 3260: 3258: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3231: 3224: 3216: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3062: 3049: 3043: 3036: 3032: 3026: 3022: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2944: 2939: 2930: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2910: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2876: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2852: 2849: 2843: 2838: 2832:United States 2824: 2820: 2817: 2811: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2729: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2595: 2591: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2555: 2551: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2505: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2478: 2474: 2471: 2470:Dave Heineman 2467: 2462: 2458: 2455: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2443: 2438: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2421: 2417: 2415: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2356: 2351: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2319:air pollution 2310: 2306: 2304: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2276:Michael Brune 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2240: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2205: 2201: 2199: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2179:Dave Heineman 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2148:Bill McKibben 2145: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2108: 2105: 2101: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2036: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2023: 2019: 2018:Suncor Energy 2015: 2011: 2001: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1970: 1958: 1953: 1944: 1943: 1935: 1933: 1932:Kinder Morgan 1929: 1924: 1923:Diane Francis 1918: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1888: 1883: 1873: 1871: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1848: 1843: 1841: 1836: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1818: 1815: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1800:According to 1798: 1796: 1795:Cardno Entrix 1792: 1782: 1780: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1728: 1723: 1719: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1698: 1696: 1695:Dakota Access 1691: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1636: 1622: 1620: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1589:in Nebraska. 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1565:The proposed 1558: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1401: 1396: 1382: 1380: 1375: 1373: 1368: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1329: 1327: 1322: 1320: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1289: 1287: 1284:affirmed the 1283: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1267: 1265: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1224: 1219: 1217: 1212: 1208: 1207:Rachel Notley 1205: 1201: 1198: 1194: 1186: 1185:Dakota Access 1182: 1178: 1174: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1152: 1147: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1117:Dave Heineman 1114: 1108: 1106: 1101: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1024:Hub north of 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 998: 996: 992: 989:, Canada, to 988: 984: 979: 976: 972: 968: 963: 960: 955: 952: 948: 944: 940: 930: 927: 924: 920: 918: 914: 910: 904: 900: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 855: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 834: 830: 825: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 778: 776: 772: 768: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 721: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 693: 690: 689:WorleyParsons 687: 683: 679: 675: 672: 669: 665: 660: 657: 654: 650: 647: 644: 640: 637: 634: 630: 625: 621: 616: 609: 601: 597: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 573: 572:WorleyParsons 570: 566: 562: 558: 555: 552: 548: 543: 540: 537: 533: 530: 527: 523: 518: 511: 503: 499: 495: 485: 481: 477: 473: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 449: 448:WorleyParsons 446: 442: 438: 434: 431: 428: 424: 419: 416: 413: 409: 406: 403: 399: 396: 393: 389: 384: 377: 369: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 341: 338:February 2011 337: 333: 329: 325: 322: 321:WorleyParsons 319: 315: 311: 307: 304: 301: 297: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 263: 256: 248: 241: 237: 233: 229: 219: 215: 211: 207: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 175: 172: 168: 163: 159: 155: 152: 148: 145: 141: 138: 134: 131: 128: 124: 119: 112: 105: 102: 98: 95: 92: 88: 85: 82: 78: 73: 70: 69:United States 66: 63: 59: 54: 47: 42: 33: 30: 19: 15605: 15598: 15591: 15584: 15577: 15568: 15561: 15554: 15547: 15540: 15533: 15528:Foster Child 15526: 15521:Finding Dawn 15519: 15379: 15367: 15274:History wars 15151:Serena McKay 15040:Birth alerts 14997:Potlatch ban 14933: / 14895: 14883: 14736:Mike Pence → 14721: 14696: 14687:Public image 14613: 14606: 14598: 14588: 14573: 14559: 14554:Confirmation 14552: 14469: 14461: 14454: 14384:(son-in-law) 14382:Howard Krein 14376:Ashley Biden 14370:Hunter Biden 14342:(first wife) 14298:endorsements 14232:endorsements 14195:endorsements 14149:Presidential 13958:U.S. Senator 13764: 13413: 13404: 13298:Space policy 13275:Racial views 13245:as President 13238:as candidate 13062:Hanoi summit 12976:January 2021 12655:second trial 12607:Impeachments 12404:Hanoi summit 12145:January 2018 12126:Social media 12080:Inauguration 12011: 12002: 11788:Space policy 11213: 11062: 10818: 10668: 10656:. Retrieved 10652:the original 10642: 10630:. Retrieved 10626:the original 10612: 10600:. Retrieved 10595: 10585: 10573:. Retrieved 10569:the original 10559: 10549:November 19, 10547:. Retrieved 10541: 10531: 10523:the original 10513: 10493: 10484:Jill Burke, 10480: 10472:the original 10462: 10451: 10441: 10430: 10421: 10411:November 26, 10409:. Retrieved 10399: 10389: 10377:. Retrieved 10367: 10357: 10347:November 26, 10345:. Retrieved 10341:the original 10330: 10320: 10310:November 26, 10308:. Retrieved 10294: 10286:Pew Center, 10282: 10269: 10256: 10243: 10230: 10221: 10212: 10203:Pew Center, 10184:. Retrieved 10177:the original 10172: 10146: 10136: 10121: 10110: 10099: 10089: 10079:February 11, 10077:. Retrieved 10073:the original 10068: 10059: 10047:. Retrieved 10038: 10021: 10012: 10000: 9988:. Retrieved 9982: 9972: 9960:. Retrieved 9956:the original 9951: 9942: 9930:. Retrieved 9926:the original 9919: 9909: 9897:. Retrieved 9890: 9880: 9868:. Retrieved 9862: 9852: 9840:. 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