364:
38:
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by
Overlapping Spreading Centers and other types of nontransform discontinuities. The long segments persist for millions of years, while the finer scale segments are shorter-lived, hundreds of thousands of years or less. The shorter segments are important because they define the scale at which individual volcanoes function on the ridge, which, in turn, control the creation of new oceanic crust and hydrothermal activity
304:, showing that the plate boundary intersection of an oceanic ridge and transform fault is sharp, only a few km in area, and documenting that these two types of plate boundaries are narrow. Their work demonstrated that the inside corner region is an area of diffuse deformation caused by extreme tectonic extension.
205:
including its spreading centers and transform faults, two of the three types of plate boundaries central to the theory of plate tectonics. His work has taken him to the north and south
Atlantic oceans, the north and south Pacific oceans, the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea and the Sea of Cortez, as well as
319:
Previous to this discovery, it was thought that mid-ocean ridges were offset only by transform faults, usually at right angles. The expedition found that the ridge is segmented on a length scale of hundreds of kilometers by transform faults, but also at much shorter scales, km to tens of kilometers,
315:
overlap, apparently pushing against each other, which would violate one of the rules of plate tectonics: plates are rigid. This paradox is solved by the fact that the OSCs are non-steady-state, and propagate along the ridge; as one segment lengthens, the neighboring segment shortens, and the
246:
Joint
Program in Oceanography specializing in marine geophysics in 1975. He was awarded a Cecil H. and Ida Green Research Fellowship to work at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics with James Brune in 1975. He joined the research staff at the
1149:
Macdonald, K.C., D.A. Castillo, S.P. Miller, P.J. Fox, K.A. Kastens and E. Bonatti (1986). "Deep-tow studies of the Vema fracture zone I. Tectonics of a major slow slipping transform fault and its intersection with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge".
506:
Macdonald, Ken; Sempere, Jean-Christophe; Fox, P. J. (1984). "East
Pacific Rise from Siqueiros to Orozco Fracture Zones: Along-strike continuity of axial neovolcanic zone and structure and evolution of overlapping spreading centers".
1009:
Macdonald, K.C., S.P. Miller, B.P. Luyendyk, T.M. Atwater and L. Shure (1983). "Investigation of a Vine-Matthews magnetic lineation from a submersible: The source and character of marine magnetic anomalies, 1983".
408:) (2002), member of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Corporation, and numerous panels and future planning committees for the National Science Foundation, in particular for NSF Ocean Sciences program.
328:
In recognition of his work he was the first marine geophysicist to be awarded the Cody gold medal and prize for his outstanding work and leadership in the Ocean
Sciences as well as election as Fellow to the
1746:
and
Macdonald, K.C., 1985. The Geology of Deep-Sea Hot Springs: Recently discovered hot springs burst from the seafloor in areas of active volcanism and deposit metal-rich minerals on the seabed.
286:
on the East
Pacific Rise in 1979, and was the first to calculate their contribution to global geothermal heat flux. He was also chief scientist and lead diver on the expedition which documented
1277:
Macdonald, K.C., J.-C. Sempere ,P.J. Fox and R. Tyce (1987). "Tectonic evolution of ridge axis discontinuities by the meeting, linking or self-decapitation of neighboring ridge segments".
636:"Hydrothermal vent distribution along the East Pacific Rise crest (9°09′–54′N) and its relationship to magmatic and tectonic processes on fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges"
255:. In 1979, he joined the faculty of the Department of Geological Sciences at UCSB and the Marine Sciences Institute as an associate professor and research geophysicist.
1790:
699:
Macdonald, Ken C.; Fox, P. J.; Alexander, Russ T.; Pockalny, Robert; Gente, Pascal (March 1996). "Volcanic growth faults and the origin of
Pacific abyssal hills".
678:; Macdonald, Ken (1992). "East Pacific Rise 8°–10°30′N: Evolution of ridge segments and discontinuities from SeaMARC II and three-dimensional magnetic studies".
750:
Luyendyk, B.P. and K.C. Macdonald (1977). "Physiography and structure of the Famous Rift Valley inner floor observed with a deep towed instrument package".
334:
290:, the recording of magnetic reversals in the volcanic rocks of the deep seafloor, an important aspect of proving seafloor spreading and plate tectonics.
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1135:
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777:
Macdonald, K.C. (1977). "Near-bottom magnetic anomalies, asymmetric spreading, oblique spreading, and tectonics of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (37°N)".
1513:
405:
235:
960:
Macdonald, K.C., K. Becker, F.N. Spiess and R. Ballard (1980). "Hydrothermal heat flux of the black smoker vents on the East
Pacific Rise".
477:
Macdonald, K C (May 1982). "Mid-Ocean Ridges: Fine Scale
Tectonic, Volcanic and Hydrothermal Processes Within the Plate Boundary Zone".
396:
Review Committee (1979–82), founding member of the RIDGE Steering Committee (1987–90), member of the U.S. Geodynamics Committee (of the
540:; Cormier, M.-H.; Shor, A. N. (September 1988). "A new view of the mid-ocean ridge from the behaviour of ridge-axis discontinuities".
397:
804:
Macdonald, K.C. and B.P. Luyendyk (1977). "Deep-tow studies of the structure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge crest near 37°N (Famous)".
1326:
Langmuir, CH, JF Bender, and R Batiza (1986). "Petrological and tectonic segmentation of the East Pacific Rise, 5 30′–14 30′ N".
198:
1438:; White, Scott M. (October 2004). "Fine-scale segmentation of volcanic/hydrothermal systems along fast-spreading ridge crests".
1800:
1382:; Klein, Emily M. (2016). "Tectonic and magmatic segmentation of the Global Ocean Ridge System: a synthesis of observations".
330:
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in 1947. As of 2018 he is professor emeritus at the Department of Earth Science and the Marine Sciences Institute at the
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Ballard, Robert and Emory Kristof, Window on Earth’s Interior, National Geographic, vol. 150, no.2, p.228-249, Aug 1976.
1234:
Macdonald, K.C. and P.J. Fox (1983). "Overlapping spreading centers: New accretion geometry on the East Pacific Rise".
401:
231:
210:. Macdonald has participated in over 40 deep sea expeditions, and was chief- or co-chief scientist on 31 expeditions.
1218:
1785:
1092:
Macdonald, K.C., K. Kastens, S.P. Miller and F.N. Spiess (1979). "Deep-tow studies of the Tamayo transform fault".
1148:
1780:
413:
909:
Spiess, F.N.; K.C. Macdonald; et al. (1980). "East Pacific Rise: Hot springs and geophysical experiments".
1709:
Macdonald, Ken C., “Mid-Ocean Ridges: The Quest for Order”, Oceanus, vol. 34, no. 4, p. 9-10, 1991.
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790:
763:
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Atwater, T.M. and K.C. Macdonald (1977). "Are spreading centres perpendicular to their transform faults?".
381:
279:
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He has contributed to the advancement of ocean sciences by serving on the Ocean Studies Board of the
194:
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Macdonald, Ken C.; Fox, P. J.; Perram, L. J.; Eisen, M. F.; Haymon, R. M.; Miller, S. P.;
263:
His PhD work focused on the tectonic and magnetic properties of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge on
8:
460:
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1502:, Rebirth of a Deep-sea Vent, National Geographic, vol. 186, no.5, p. 114-126, Nov 1994.
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GROSVENOR, G., 1979. INCREDIBLE WORLD OF THE DEEP-SEA OASES-STRANGE WORLD WITHOUT SUN.
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581:(30 August 1991). "Mid-Ocean Ridges: Discontinuities, Segments and Giant Cracks".
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Macdonald, K.C. and T.M. Atwater (1978). "Evolution of rifted ocean ridges".
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He has also served in the following editorial capacities: associate editor,
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Fox, Edward, “The Deep”, Esquire Magazine, p.104-110, April 1994.
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201:(UCSB). His work focuses on the tectonics and geophysics of the global
37:
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282:- a research expedition which discovered superheated "black smoker"
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Reynales, Trish, “Islands of the Future”, p.24-25, Aug. 1993.
635:
206:
to the deep seafloor on over 50 dives in the research submersible
803:
749:
19:
This article is about the oceanographer. For the politician, see
873:
830:
400:) (1999-2000), Chairman National Undersea Research Panel of the
1514:"Rumbling Up From Ocean Floor, A Vast Volcano Cluster Is Found"
360:
in 1980 for the discovery and analysis of black smoker vents.
698:
1233:
625:
234:
graduating with a B.S. in engineering in 1970. Funded by a
307:
He was chief scientist on the expedition which discovered “
908:
626:
Haymon, Rachel M.; Fornari, Daniel J.; Edwards, Margo H.;
1299:
10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<993:TEORDB>2.0.CO;2
818:
10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<621:DSOTSO>2.0.CO;2
791:
10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<541:NMAASO>2.0.CO;2
764:
10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<648:PASOTI>2.0.CO;2
576:
1374:
535:
104:
Newcomb Cleveland Prize of Amer. Assoc. Adv. Science
505:
335:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
75:
ocean spreading centers deep sea hydrothermal vents
42:
Macdonald and map of East Pacific Rise crest at 9°N
1599:
674:
1762:
1384:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
1205:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 318 pp.
1791:University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
776:
375:
236:National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship
1600:Macdonald, Ken C.; Luyendyk, Bruce P. (1981).
251:in 1976 as Research Geophysicist working with
479:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
1655:Macdonald, Kenneth C.; Fox, Paul J. (1990).
1654:
1360:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1311:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1184:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1134:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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994:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
680:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
509:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
438:
353:for the most important article published in
1434:
293:Macdonald led expeditions which mapped the
213:
1050:
36:
1718:
1411:
1068:
476:
388:Panel for the Advanced Drilling Project (
362:
1053:"Magnetic Reversals from a Submersible"
199:University of California, Santa Barbara
1763:
1721:"Exploring-the-global-mid-ocean-ridge"
1198:
311:” (OSCs). In this geometry two active
1536:
331:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
240:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
97:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1602:"The Crest of the East Pacific Rise"
1511:
343:Geological Society of America (1995)
323:
258:
244:Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
130:Scripps Institution of Oceanography;
126:Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
1440:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
640:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
634:; Macdonald, Ken C. (1 June 1991).
577:Macdonald, K. C.; Scheirer, D. S.;
499:10.1146/annurev.ea.10.050182.001103
420:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
249:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
13:
1626:10.1038/scientificamerican0581-100
1539:"Researchers get back to the deep"
443:His work has been featured in the
402:National Undersea Research Program
16:American oceanographer (born 1947)
14:
1812:
1681:10.1038/scientificamerican0690-72
470:
278:He was co-chief scientist of the
271:. (his other primary advisor was
242:in 1970, graduating from the MIT/
226:, California, and graduated from
92:Fellow Amer. Assoc. Adv. Science
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414:Journal of Geophysical Research
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902:
867:
824:
797:
770:
743:
429:Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences
86:Fellow Geological Soc. America
1:
1801:Harry Ells High School alumni
931:10.1126/science.207.4438.1421
736:
425:Marine Geophysical Researches
309:Overlapping Spreading Centers
146:Bruce Luyendyk, Tanya Atwater
982:10.1016/0012-821X(80)90163-6
896:10.1016/0012-821X(78)90017-1
660:10.1016/0012-821X(91)90226-8
603:10.1126/science.253.5023.986
382:National Academy of Sciences
376:Leadership in the profession
316:overlapped region migrates.
7:
392:) (1983–85), member of the
89:Fellow Amer. Geophys. Union
51:1947 (age 76–77)
10:
1817:
1719:Macdonald, Ken C. (1998).
1460:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.08.002
339:American Geophysical Union
18:
439:Public outreach and media
398:National Research Council
390:Deep Sea Drilling Project
195:San Francisco, California
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79:
71:
63:
55:
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35:
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1512:Nash, Nathaniel (1993).
1211:10.1017/CBO9781139084260
463:, Oceanus Magazine, and
455:, Islands Magazine, and
384:(1980–83), the Oceanic
214:Early life and education
1786:American oceanographers
1452:2004E&PSL.226..367H
1172:10.1029/JB091iB03p03334
1024:10.1029/JB088iB04p03403
974:1980E&PSL..48....1M
962:Earth Planet. Sci. Lett
888:1978E&PSL..39..319M
876:Earth Planet. Sci. Lett
652:1991E&PSL.104..513H
529:10.1029/JB089iB07p06049
433:Encyclopedia of Geology
351:Newcomb Cleveland Prize
183:Kenneth Craig Macdonald
1781:American geophysicists
372:
341:(1995), Fellow of the
228:Harry Ells High School
1657:"The Mid-Ocean Ridge"
1378:; Smith, Deborah K.;
459:. He has written for
366:
230:in 1966. He attended
218:Macdonald grew up in
1796:Marine geophysicists
1537:Feder, Toni (2014).
1376:Carbotte, Suzanne M.
1199:Searle, R C (2013).
417:; associate editor,
30:Kenneth C. Macdonald
1673:1990SciAm.262f..72M
1661:Scientific American
1618:1981SciAm.244e.100M
1606:Scientific American
1555:2014PhT....67f..29F
1474:NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
1396:2016GSLSP.420..249C
1291:1987Geo....15..993M
1248:1983Natur.302...55M
1164:1986JGR....91.3334M
1106:1979MarGR...4...37M
1051:Cann, J.R. (1983).
923:1980Sci...207.1421S
917:(4438): 1421–1433.
845:1977Natur.270..715A
806:Bull. Geol. Soc. Am
779:Bull. Geol. Soc. Am
752:Bull. Geol. Soc. Am
713:1996Natur.380..125M
595:1991Sci...253..986M
554:1988Natur.335..217M
521:1984JGR....89.6049M
491:1982AREPS..10..155M
461:Scientific American
445:National Geographic
267:expeditions led by
191:marine geophysicist
1748:American Scientist
1498:Lutz, Richard and
1114:10.1007/BF00286145
465:American Scientist
431:; section editor,
427:; section editor,
373:
284:hydrothermal vents
238:, he attended the
1563:10.1063/PT.3.2415
1436:Haymon, Rachel M.
1334:(6078): 422–429.
1158:(B3): 3334–3354.
1094:Mar. Geophys. Res
839:(5639): 715–719.
707:(6570): 125–129.
692:10.1029/91JB03065
686:(B5): 6959–6982.
676:Carbotte, Suzanne
628:Carbotte, Suzanne
589:(5023): 986–994.
548:(6187): 217–225.
515:(B7): 6049–6069.
324:Awards and honors
313:spreading centers
259:Career and impact
203:mid-oceanic ridge
180:
179:
113:Scientific career
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457:Esquire Magazine
367:KC Macdonald on
337:, Fellow of the
333:, Fellow of the
302:Transform faults
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142:Doctoral advisor
133:UC Santa Barbara
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538:Carbotte, S. M.
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185:is an American
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67:UC Berkeley MIT
64:Alma mater
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471:Selected works
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269:Bruce Luyendyk
265:Project FAMOUS
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