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the matter, but also restated the problems of the villages, which had still not been solved. The petition also contained a separate letter from the three villages, in which they took on responsibility for Varga's actions and thereby legitimized her safe-passage to Vienna. They further requested an independent examination of the issues at the expense of the villages, and that all military intervention should cease until after the examination had concluded. Chancellor Jósika, who feared outright rebellion in the country, suspended military actions and asked for the assistance of
157:, led by Varga, armed themselves with staffs and axes and marched against the government officials who had begun planting trees on the villagers' lands. In the end no one was harmed, but the villagers destroyed the saplings. This time around Deputy-Lieutenant Fosztó decided in favor of both the 1841 petition and on the side of the Detunáta villagers. The Treasury however was discontented with this, and labeled Varga a "dangerous rebel" and a "deceiver". This marks the beginning of several unsuccessful attempts on the part of the comitatus to capture Varga.
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put on Deputy-Lieutenant Fosztó, who began speaking with and trying to advise the villagers personally, with only minor successes. In
Bucsony, Katalin Varga and 50 followers armed with staffs went to the courtyard of judge Ion Pleşa Danciu; their demands of an explanation about their tax moneys resulted in a minor scuffle. Reports about these events named Varga guilty of inciting them all, and the Treasury continued to press for her capture.
212:. On April 25, 1845, when work should have already begun, the locals rose up against it in the belief that the building was a government office. Dumitru Nicoară and others tried to prevent with pitchforks the construction, claiming that the land belonged to the peasants. Vienna assumed that the instigator of the problems was Varga. She was no longer allowed to travel to Vienna and many of her newer petitions were rejected outright.
87:. Her father János Varga and her mother Katalin Rosondai were minor landowners, and they worked their land themselves. The only reference to their state of nobility can be found in one petition dating from 1846. From the age of 10, Katalin Varga was raised by her aunt, along with her younger sister Ilonka and her brother. Other than her native language,
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settle the matter. Again and again no resolution could be reached, and finally the case was dismissed and sent to archive by the district judge. Varga put her property losses behind her and attempted to start her life anew. In 1840, during the course of her travels to and from Vienna, she had met with mineworkers from the villages of
99:. At the age of 20, she married György Kelemen, a wealthy wheeler, whose two children she raised. She also joined him in his business, hemp trading. In the early days, the business made profit; but later they gave credit to customers who did not pay it back. In the meantime, Varga and Kelemen divorced, and he died shortly after.
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well-paid writers and officials, who profit from this trouble-making." In response to this, Varga advised the villagers to continue using as much wood as they wanted for their homes and furnaces, and to chase away the forest rangers. Presumably they did, and predictably in March 1843 the Royal
Chancery reopened the case.
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After Varga moved to Bucium, she prepared a petition which she herself signed and brought to Vienna. It outlined the complaints of the three villages: harassment by the officers; an increase in forced labor; and a general breaking of the villagers' privileges. In
January 1841 the petition came before
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to ask for help at the royal court there. On August 1, 1839, the Royal
Chancery declared that they could not reach a decision, and sent the case back to Brassó. Here the case lingered without resolution, so in April 1840 she returned to Vienna, where the court demanded that the Brassó borough council
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requested military aid from
General Anton Freiherr von Puchner. In light to this situation, Varga personally took a petition to Vienna in which she admitted to the faults in some of her and the villages' actions, asked pardon for their mistakes, and thanked the court for their continued patience in
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church in which she spoke out against the government officials who continued cutting wood from the villages' forests. She also enlisted the help of local lawyer Sámuel Szakács Mikes to deal with new government restrictions on alcoholic drinks. Because of her rapidly growing influence, pressure was
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did send a fact-finding commission, but regarding a separate matter: the illegal use of the forest by the villagers. The representative, Deputy-Lieutenant Menyhért Fosztó, ruled against the villagers. In his report, he concluded that "the reason for the villagers' restlessness incited by certain
136:: zalatnai kincstári uradalom); at the time they were involved in a dispute with their landlord involving his unwillingness to pay them their part of the gold mines' income. The inhabitants of the three villages entrusted Varga with their case, and from this moment their interests became her own.
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The trial finally took place in 1851, with a sentence of three months given. After serving her time, Varga was exiled to the village of her birth, Halmágy. It is assumed that she lived out the remainder of her life there, and died sometime after 1852.
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The authorities were not pleased with these claims, and took action to imprison Varga as the instigator. With the assistance of resident bishop Şaguna, she was arrested on trumped-up charges in
January 1847. First she was held in the prison at
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In 1977, the villagers in Hălmeag erected a monument to Varga in the courtyard of the local church. During the
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Beginning with the 18th century, there had been an ongoing effort to convert the local
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This article is about the historical person
Katalin Varga. For the Hungarian canoeist, see
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A szolnoki Varga
Katalin Általános Leánygimnázium évkönyve az 1958/59. tanévről
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Varga was born into a family of impoverished nobility on August 22, 1802, in
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While the case was continuing, on May 6, 1843 a group of villagers of
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306:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Művelt Nép Könyvkiadó. 943. T80.
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On August 10, 1846, at the news of a peasant uprising in
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On March 9, 1845, Varga gave a speech in front of the
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