1283:
1006:
1837:. These rivers have a significant influence on the character of Kakhetian wines. Kakheti is bordered on the west by another very important wine region of Georgia - Kartli. Together with the location, the climatic conditions of the region play an essential role in the formation of Kakheti wines. Kakheti vineyards are cultivated at an altitude of 250–800 meters above sea level. We can find both humid subtropicals as well as continental climates in the region. Kakheti terroir provides ideal conditions for both local varieties and international wine varieties as well. When talking about the Kakheti wine region, the first thing that comes to mind is Rkatsiteli and Saperavi grapes. These two wine varieties have become the face of the region and Georgia. With the increase in the awareness of Georgian wine, the interest in these varieties is growing, so do not be surprised if you encounter these Kakhetian wine varieties in different wine regions in the world.
82:
1558:. The same year, the Ottoman army marched against the Constantine II, who was unable to stop it and offered to negotiate. The Ottomans entered Tbilisi on June 12, 1723, deceiving and imprisoning King of Kakheti during the negotiations. Fortunately for him, Constantine II managed to escape to his realm. After Vakhtang VI of Kartli immigrated to Russia in 1724, King of Kakheti became the sole leader of the anti-Ottoman resistance in eastern Georgia. Since Safavid Iran was on the verge of collapse, nominally Muslim Constantine II decided to return to the centuries-old pro-Russian foreign policy of his forefathers and offered to place Kartli and Kakheti under the Russian protection. However, Peter the Great, as well as his successors had no intention to start a new war against the Ottomans.
1206:. The Iranians, armed with the latest weaponry, were well prepared for the assault, having dug trenches and deployed their troops in four lines, with the first kneeling, the second standing, the third on horseback, and the fourth on camels. Georgians, lacking firearms, suffered heavy casualties, but the impetus of their attack pierced the Qizilbash lines and spread confusion among the enemy. As the Iranians began to flee, a small group of Georgian troops pursued them while others began to plunder the Qizilbash camp. At this moment, the Iranian reinforcement numbering 20,000, led by Shahbandeh Khan of Azerbaijan, arrived charging the befuddled Georgians; in the resultant confusion, Prince
1515:
93:
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905:
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979:. After eleven years Terek-Town fort was built, Russians became nearly direct neighbours of Kakheti. In 1563, King Levan, grandson of Alexander I, appealed to the Muscovites to take his realm under their protection against the Ottomans, and Safavids. Tsar Ivan IV responded by sending a Russian detachment to Georgia, but Levan, pressured by Iran, had to turn these troops back after several years. King Alexander II also appealed for Russian support against foreign encroachments. In 1587, he negotiated
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1494:– insignificant town during the fifteenth–seventeenth centuries – emerged as a new political and urban center of the Kingdom. Effectively exploiting military resources of his father's realm, Archil II organized several victorious expeditions in Dagestan, forcing mountaineers to submission. As a result, during the reign of Archil II inroads of the Dagestani bands decreased significantly. However, in 1675, he had to leave Kakheti, while
630:
1490:(1664–1675), the eldest son of the Kartlian King Vakhtang V, was confirmed as a new King of Kakheti, nominally converting to Islam. Eleven years of the Archil's reign proved to be the most successful period of the calamitous seventeenth century. Archil II managed to start a long process of the revival of Kakheti. During his reign tens of deserted villages were repopulated, churches and monasteries repaired, castles rebuilt. In addition,
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1061:. Next spring, he turned on Kakheti, demanding Teimuraz's sons as hostages. After taking counsel, Teimuraz I sent his mother Ketevan and his younger son, Alexander, to Iran. The Shah insisted; reluctantly, the Kakhetians sent the heir, Levan. Shah Abbas I then demanded Teimuraz's attendance. At this point war broke out. In 1614–1617, Abbas I led several campaigns against Kakheti and Kartli, massacred and
1005:
1566:, while Dagestani bands devastated countryside. As a result, Constantine II had to find shelter in Pshavi. Yet still, in 1725, Georgians managed to drive marauding bands of the mountaineers out of Kakheti. By 1730, Kakhetian King was forced to recognize Ottoman supremacy and agreed to pay tribute. Additionally, Constantine II, indifferent to religion, converted from
1032:, younger son of Alexander II, who was raised at the Safavid court and converted to Islam, according to Shah's secret instruction assassinated his father and brother. The assassination of the royal family and usurpation of the crown by Constantine I infuriated the Georgians, who rose in a rebellion under the direction of
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1279:
devastated and never fully recovered from the blow dealt by the invaders. Hundreds of villages, castles and churches were razed to the ground or badly damaged. Yet still, fierce resistance resulted in
Georgians preserving statehood, most of their ethnic territories, as well as religion of the ancestors.
1687:
Loss of independence and establishment of the
Imperial administration led to an imminent uprisings. In 1802, Kakhetian nobles revolted, insurgents planned to restore kartli-Kakhetian Kingdom. However, Russians quickly responded and crushed the rebellion. In 1810–1811, Kakheti suffered from poor
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gorge. At the council of war, George
Saakadze urged King Teimuraz I and other lords to remain in position, since descending into the valley would allow the Iranians to take advantage of their numerical superiority as well as firepower. However, powerful lords were concerned about the enemy ravaging
943:
etc. calling them for aid against the
Ottoman and Safavid incursions. However, nothing came from these attempts, geographic distance and ongoing wars made it impossible for the Europeans to support fellow Christian nation. As a result Georgian political entities had to fight against Muslim invaders
1628:
and his daughter
Ketevan as hostages: Nader Shah married Ketevan to a relative, and enlisted Heraclius, who had military genius, for the Indian front. Meanwhile, in 1738, Teimuraz II, supported by the Qizilbashes, came back in his realm. He managed to suppress the anti-Iranian rebellion led by the
1278:
Demographic, material, economic and cultural losses inflicted to the
Kingdom of Kakheti by the hordes of the Qizilbashes, during the first quarter of the seventeenth century, were irreparable. Population of the Kingdom dwindled to 50,000–60,000, while Gremi and Zagemi were almost completely
1105:
had maintained covert communications with the
Georgian forces and devise a plan to destroy the enemy army. Saakadze surreptitiously united Kartli and Kakheti behind him. He deviously ‘advised’ Qarachaqay Khan to split his forces into small groups and send them into Kakheti, while the major army
1919:
The travel infrastructure in
Kakheti is fast developing, since it is the most visited region of Georgia. One can choose to stay in a guest house, in a small and comfortable hotel, or a beautiful boutique-style hotel while traveling in this region. Telavi and Signagi are the most visited towns.
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was captured. The
Georgian Uprising of 1625 debunked Shah Abbas’ plans of destroying the Georgian states and setting up Qizilbash khanates in Kartli and Kakheti. Losing half of his army forced Shah Abbas I to let vassals rule eastern Georgia. He abandoned plans to cleanse it of Christians.
1688:
harvests and plague, which led to food shortages and high prices. Despite the hardship, Russian officials forced the peasantry to sell their remaining produce to the state at a low price. As the
Russian troops began requisitioning supplies, a peasant uprising flared up in the village of
1360:. Moreover, by 1638, Kakheti was under full control of the unruly King. During the 1630s Teimuraz I renewed his attempts to establish close ties with Russia. In 1639, he petitioned the Tsar of Russia for help and signed an oath of loyalty. However, no military aid had arrived.
1371:, expel Qizilbashes and unite eastern Georgian Kingdoms. However, a conspirator betrayed the plot. Rostom had the Catholicos-Patriarch arrested and imprisoned at the citadel of Tbilisi, where he was strangled. Eudemus I was canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church as a holy
901:, whose rulers tried to wreak havoc to the borderlands of Kakheti, kidnapping peasants and looting countryside. During the last quarter of the sixteenth century Kakhetian feudal army defeated Shamkhals’ undisciplined bands several times, killing hundreds of marauders.
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later that year. On October 22, 1605, the Kakhetian army routed the Qizilbash forces of Constantine, who was killed on the battlefield. Caught by surprise, Abbas I grudgingly accepted the result of the 1605 Uprising and was forced to confirm sixteen years old
1589:(1732–1744), the only Christian son of Heraclius I. With the accession of Teimuraz II to the throne forty years of Muslim Kings ruling period (1664–1675; 1703–1732) was over. In 1733, Teimuraz II reluctantly recognized suzerainty of the
1356:, uncle of the late Simon II, forced Teimuraz I to Imereti. Rostom (1633–1658) became the new King of Kartli. However, in the following year, to the disappointment of the Shah, Teimuraz I managed to reestablish himself in the Duchies of Aragvi and
1561:
Meanwhile, Ottoman Empire skillfully used coreligionist Sunni Dagestanis against recalcitrant Georgian King, encouraging them to put constant pressure on Kakheti. On September 26, 1724, the Ottomans defeated Constantine's army in the fierce battle of
1235:, bishops of Rustavi and Kharchisho. Furthermore, Zurab Eristavi, the mighty Duke of Aragvi, was severely wounded. The Iranians suffered heavy losses as well, losing some 14,000 men, including Amir Guneh Khan of Erivan – deadly wounded by
1440:
chose to sacrifice their lives to avoid further bloodshed and traveled to Isfahan, where they were executed. The events of the 1659 Uprising produced numerous oral traditions, especially in mountainous regions of eastern Georgia –
1527:(1709–1722) had to deal with the incessant Dagestani inroads. Despite some initial successes, Eliseni, the easternmost region of the Kingdom, was irrevocably lost in the 1710s, and free communities of the mountaineers, known as
1501:
From 1676 to 1703 Kakheti was put under direct control of the Safavid appointed khans, whose authority being merely nominal. Iranian khans, unable to deal with the Georgian nobility backed by restive vassal of the Safavids
1056:
could attack eastern Georgia without hindrance – dethrone Christian Kings, establish Qizilbash khanates and deport or exterminate insubmissive Georgians from their homeland. In October 1613, Abbas I moved his army to
1210:
was killed but the rumor spread that King Teimuraz I had been killed, further demoralizing the Georgian host. The Georgians were defeated, losing about 10,000 killed and wounded, including 900 mountaineers from the
1432:(‘Exterminated’), where the most Qizilbashes were slaughtered, became infamous. By 1660, Shah acknowledged his failure in Kakheti. However, Safavids also threatened retaliation if rebel leaders did not surrender.
1724:, and the Russian forces lost more than 1,000 men in clashes with the insurgents. The rebellion continued throughout 1812 until the superior Imperial army, led by governors of Caucasus – Italian-born
1522:
In 1703, Kakhetian branch of the house of Bagrationi was restored, ruling as the vassals of the degenerating Safavid dynasty. During the next twenty years Heraclius I (1675–1676; 1703–1709) and
1313:
between the Georgians and marauding Dagestani bands, greatly hampering revival of the Kakhetian Kingdom. Teimuraz I took an energetic measures against the Dagestanis’, suddenly attacked and decapitated the
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at the turn of the seventeenth century. On December 28, 1732, the Ottomans, never fully confident in Constantine's loyalty, murdered Kakhetian King in a treacherous way, inviting him to negotiate.
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1920:
Signagi was renovated three years ago. Until recently there were only some family hotels (simple rooms in a family-owned house with a shared bathroom), but now Signagi features several hotels.
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Dagestani peoples, encouraged by the Safavid officials, constantly attacked poorly defended countryside of Kakheti, and massively migrated to the easternmost region of the Kingdom –
882:
the Kingdom was a vassal of the successive dynasties of Persia and to a much shorter period Ottoman Empire but enjoyed intermittent periods of greater independence, especially after 1747.
885:
Formally under the vassalage of the Safavid dynasty, Levan of Kakheti was desirous to diminish foreign influence over Georgia, stealthily sending Kakhetian detachments to his son-in-law
1133:– Saakadze's and Duke Zurab's army massacred 27,000 out of 30,000 strong Turkoman-Persian army, took their arsenal and besieged Tbilisi's citadel before the puppet-king
1073:. Shah Abbas I castrated both sons of the obdurate King and savagely tortured and burned to death his mother Queen Ketevan on September 13, 1624. Ketevan was canonized by the
2911:
1624:, conceded that a Christian King would best keep Kartli and Kakheti peaceful and spare him from fighting on two fronts. First, he took with him to Iran Teimuraz II, his son
1402:
court – the Shah urged him to accept Islam, offered him meat on a fast day and, when Teimuraz I declined, threw wine in his face and imprisoned him in Astrabad by the
878:. Additionally, greatly accelerated process of the Islamization of the North Caucasian peoples, including Dagestani mountaineers – direct neighbours of Kakheti. From
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Throughout the fifteenth–eighteenth centuries Georgian Kings and Princes, including those of Kakheti, constantly tried to establish diplomatic relations with the
1598:
1380:
1337:, the Safavid governor of Ganja and Karabakh. After Abbas's death in 1629, once mighty clan of the Undiladze fell into disfavor and was destroyed on the order of the
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1506:(1676–1688; 1703–1709), tried to weaken aristocratic resistance by encouraging further incursions and migration of the Dagestanis’ into Kakhetian lands.
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Abbas I, like Iran's and Turkey's chroniclers, was aghast at this debacle. His counterattack came in June 1625, when another Qizilbash army numbering 40,000, led by
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superpower. Alexander I of Kakheti became the first Georgian King to establish formal diplomatic contact with the Russians, dispatching two embassies to Grand Duke
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to subdue eastern Georgia. Although Saakadze had already served the Shah for twelve years, Abbas I didn't trust Georgian general completely and kept George's son,
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2919:
1469:
1394:, thus becoming the first Georgian King to visit Russia. In 1661, seventy-two years old King was captured during the Imeretian campaign of the King of Kartli,
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and remains a symbolic figure in Georgian history. The story of her martyrdom was publicized in Europe, and several literary works were produced, including
993:(1601–1602), the rebellious son of Alexander II, during his short reign reaffirmed loyalty to the foreign policy of his predecessors. However, as the
593:
Beyond the modern-day administrative subdivision into the districts, Kakheti has traditionally been subdivided into four parts: Inner Kakheti (შიდა კახეთი,
1318:, avenging for his participation in the Abbas I's Georgian campaigns. Besides that Teimuraz I tried to reestablish Christianity in the westernmost part of
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228:
1740:
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and Kartlian nobles, to assassinate Rostom of Kartli, when the Muslim King was relaxing unguarded in the country. After that, Teimuraz I had to capture
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1160:
After that, Saakadze's army invaded neighbouring provinces of the Safavid Empire – plundering Ganja and razing to the ground countryside to the
2965:
1697:
1550:, who adopted an anti-Safavid policy and made an alliance with Russia, which proved to be unsuccessful. Constantine II of Kakheti, reinforced by the
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several times, simultaneously strengthening his realm. In addition, Alexander's army had to confront north-eastern neighbour of the Kingdom –
813:(1574-1605), was marked by peace and prosperity, population grew steadily and at the turn of the seventeenth century reached 250,000–300,000.
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1098:
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2018:
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river to be massacred by Kakhetians. Additionally, Teimuraz's army immediately invaded Arran and Karabakh several times, pillaging Ganja twice.
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nation against the Ottoman and Safavid hordes during the first quarter of the seventeenth century. The film is based on the six-volume novel,
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1693:
1429:
825:, attracting merchants and artisans from the neighbouring countries. New churches, castles and palaces were built and agriculture developed.
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in the 1560s. Alexander II, the astute son of the previous King, continued Levan's policy, switching sides during the Ottoman–Safavid
3387:
1640:(1744–1762) as the kings of Kartli and Kakheti and allowed them to perform Christian coronations. Father and son were crowned at the
1531:, were established, while Georgian peasants living there had to leave or to Islamize gradually. They who chose the latter, became known as
1480:
1125:– another Georgian noble in Abbas's service – charged with his main forces, virtually annihilating leaderless Iranian troops.
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Following the battle, Saakadze again led the Georgian resistance and turned to guerrilla war, eliminating some 12,000 Qizilbashes in the
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81:
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were caught by surprise and had to flee further south hastily. Even though Georgians managed to capture thousands of Qizilbashes. As
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at the beginning of the eleventh century, but for less than a decade. Only in the beginning of the twelfth century did Georgian King
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1696:, killing 2 officers and 212 soldiers, captured and slaughtered the entire Russian garrison of Signagi and later seized Telavi,
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virtually alone, while geographical isolation greatly limited opportunity for the Georgian elites to come into contact with the
3110:
1934:
1121:, and his Georgian escorts killed other Qizilbash commanders, including Imam Verdi Khan, Qarachaqay's son. Receiving a signal,
1616:
in his campaigns to restore Iranian dominance in eastern Transcaucasus, in the 1730s. Initially, Tahmasp Qoli Khan already as
3660:
1509:
1089:
In 1624, Shah Abbas I turned his attention to Georgia again. Fearing a potential revolt, he dispatched some 35,000 men under
1326:, traditionally closely related with Kakheti. Despite some initial successes, efforts made by the King proved to be futile.
1620:, distrusted the stubborn King, who refused to convert to Islam even after detainment. However, the Shah, preoccupied by
1574:. Seven years long resistance of Georgians resulted in invaders abandoning initial plan of annexation of Kakheti, as the
997:
began in Russia, Georgian political entities could not count on Muscovite assistance in their struggle for independence.
1329:
During the next five years Teimuraz I got rid of his major rivals one by one – defeating Saakadze in the decisive
508:
is partially located in this province and is subject to a border dispute between Georgian and Azerbaijani authorities.
1744:
1554:
and Dagestanis, invaded Kartli and captured Tbilisi on May 4, 1723. Defeated King of Kartli and his supporters fled to
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3022:
1898:
1808:
1621:
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1880:
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119:
17:
1976:
1424:
In 1656, Shah Abbas II made another attempt to settle Turkoman tribes in Kakheti. As a result, in 1659, Georgians
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their estates and threatened to defect unless the battle was given at once, thus the Grand Mouravi was overruled.
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2744:
1876:
1786:
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river, thus avenging Shah Abbas’ invasions. Since the Georgian Uprising was sudden, Qizilbash tribes living in
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and 500 musketeers. Horsemen and foot soldiers were armed with bows, arrows, sabres, shields and spears, while
547:
505:
1708:. After some hesitations the rebels were supported by the local nobility and clergy. They proclaimed a prince
3334:
1406:. Here, the most valiant Georgian King of the seventeenth century died in 1663. Teimuraz I was buried in the
1954:
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1644:
on October 1, 1745 – the first Christian coronation of the eastern Georgian kings in over a century.
2980:
1542:(1722–1732), the illegitimate son of Heraclius I, became the new King of Kakheti. In the next year,
1510:
Eighteenth century: Heraclius II, political and cultural revival, twilight of the Kartli-Kakhetian Kingdom
1683:
1801–1917: Kakheti within the Russian Empire, uprisings, modernization, Georgian national awakening
1216:
715:
420:
1514:
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in the 1460s. In contrast with other Georgian political entities, long reign of Kakhetian Kings –
3531:
1375:. Six years later stubborn King of Kakheti was finally ousted from the power, losing the heir –
442:
2026:
1652:
1539:
862:
During the sixteenth century international situation of the Georgian Kingdoms worsened dramatically,
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111:
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1782:
1771:
1709:
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1029:
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532:
1829:
The Kakheti Wine Region is located in the eastern part of Georgia and comprises two river basins,
1113:
On March 25, 1625, Saakadze summoned the war council where he personally slew Qarachaqay Khan and
1065:
hundreds of thousands ethnic Georgians to Iran, also despite stiff resistance and heavy defeat at
1041:(1605–1648) – nemesis of the Safavids in the future – as a new King of Kakheti.
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1865:
1775:
1747:. Since the Georgian independence in 1991, Kakheti has been a region of the republic of Georgia.
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1625:
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had hand-guns. Furthermore, Alexander II made some futile efforts to introduce artillery from
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again, tens of thousands Turkomans were massacred, or forced to leave Kakheti. The location,
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1137:(1619–1630) could arrive. Within days, all Kartli and Kakheti was in Georgian hands.
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1333:(1626) and assassinating Simon II and Zurab Eristavi, both in 1630. In 1632, he sheltered
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1524:
1503:
1425:
1413:
1341:. In response, Daud Khan colluded with Teimuraz I, deceitfully leading detachment of the
1334:
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had already been martyred on the orders of the Shah in 1622, Teimuraz I was invited from
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During the last years of the sixteenth century Kakhetian feudal army consisted of 10,000
782:
663:
404:
1633:, and consolidate his power in Kartli, thus de facto uniting eastern Georgian Kingdoms.
1612:
A shrewd statesman, Teimuraz II tried to use Qizilbashes to his advantage and supported
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1398:(1658–1675). Teimuraz I was escorted as an honoured prisoner through Kartli to
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basin; Kiziq'i (ქიზიყი) between the Alazani and the Iori; Thither Area (გაღმა მხარი,
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392:
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369:
193:
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The Caucasian War in Different Essays, Episodes, Legends, and Biographies. volume I
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on January 31, 1812. The insurgents defeated Russians in the hard-fought battle of
1630:
1453:, where poems dedicated to local heroes became popular. In the nineteenth century,
1363:
In 1642, Teimuraz I conspired with Catholicos-Patriarch of eastern Georgia –
1353:
1219:
who defended the royal banner to the last, as well as the prominent nobles –
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1078:
994:
806:
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is its administrative center. The region comprises eight administrative districts:
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1498:
was forced to stay in Isfahan for years, before his nominal conversion to Islam.
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1418:
1315:
1212:
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1090:
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Fifteenth–Sixteenth centuries: peace and prosperity, geopolitical situation
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from the historical province of Kakheti and the small, mountainous province of
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Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond
1671:. Russian suzerainty over Kakheti and the rest of Georgia was recognized by
1086:(1657). Moreover, Shah sought to populate Kakheti with the Turkoman tribes.
963:, freed from the Mongol-Tatar yoke in 1480, seemed as a steadfastly growing
61:
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3037:
3012:
1830:
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Seventeenth century: Abbas I's invasions, Teimuraz I, struggle for survival
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617:) on the left bank of the Alazani. It also includes the medieval region of
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to take the crowns of Kartli and Kakheti, thereby uniting both Kingdoms.
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875:
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Georgian Orthodox church and fortress located in Kakheti, 10th century AD
1647:
In 1762, the Kakhetian Kingdom was united with the neighboring Georgian
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from the end of the eighth century. It was incorporated into the united
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1617:
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The Alazani River Plain, with the Caucasus Mountains in the background
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Valley alone. Among the dead was Shahbandeh Khan of Azerbaijan, while
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1383:. Rostom, loyal vassal of the Shah, became the new ruler of Kakheti.
1338:
1310:
1262:
1228:
972:
890:
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785:(1089–1125) incorporate Kakheti into his Kingdom successfully.
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whose name has fallen into gradual oblivion since the 15th century.
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3197:
3142:
3088:
1821:
1590:
1479:(1956) is also a Soviet Georgian historical drama film directed by
1386:
Taking shelter in Imereti, deposed Kakhetian King had his grandson
1319:
1302:
1224:
1165:
1107:
1022:
848:
836:
822:
317:
1911:
1101:, as a hostage. The Shah's anxiety was justified, since the Grand
3594:
3536:
3513:
3475:
3460:
3422:
3311:
3238:
3230:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3053:
3002:
2895:
2107:
1834:
1701:
1689:
1442:
1368:
1306:
1191:
1102:
1010:
844:
602:
482:
396:
3584:
2083:
874:– Empires, while Georgia was completely isolated from the
582:
457:. The region is bordered to the west by the Georgian regions of
3498:
3493:
3377:
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3301:
3215:
3184:
2989:
2970:
2329:
2317:
1721:
1491:
1446:
1391:
1352:
In 1633, Safavid counterattack came, the Qizilbash army led by
1195:
1018:
629:
618:
400:
388:
309:
203:
72:
47:
2810:
Russian Embassies to the Georgian Kings 1589 to 1605. Volume I
2749:
2601:
1257:(1942) is a Soviet Georgian historical drama film directed by
3470:
3427:
3417:
3207:
2997:
2681:
2679:
2666:
2664:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2295:
2293:
2124:
2122:
1243:
1169:
928:
818:
814:
478:
350:
2625:
2466:
1390:
sent to the Russian court. In 1658, Teimuraz I travelled to
2574:
2538:
2502:
2478:
2427:
2278:
2056:. Regional Government of Kakheti. Retrieved on May 22, 2009
1732:
finally defeated it and pacified the region by early 1813.
1667:, in 1801 the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti was annexed to the
1009:
The scene of the martyrdom of Queen Ketevan on a panoramic
916:
450:
2785:
2703:
2676:
2661:
2613:
2591:
2589:
2526:
2396:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2341:
2305:
2290:
2242:
2230:
2206:
2146:
2119:
2444:
2442:
2218:
1720:
as the King of Kartli-Kakheti. The revolt soon spread to
1457:
used these traditions to create one of his finest poems,
2649:
2637:
2071:
2773:
2715:
2691:
2586:
2562:
2550:
2353:
2254:
2194:
2182:
2170:
2158:
2134:
1735:
In 1918–1921 Kakheti was part of the independent
2514:
2454:
2439:
2415:
2384:
2266:
2019:"Ancient monastery starts modern-day feud in Caucasus"
1636:
In 1744, Nader Shah confirmed Teimuraz II and his son
821:
became one of the most important urban centers of the
589:
is becoming an important cultural center in the region
2490:
1518:
King Teimuraz II by Efim Vinogradov and Alexei Grekov
2761:
1994:"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"
1052:
with the Ottomans was temporarily over. From now on
2095:
2059:
866:became battleground of the powerful Muslim –
1597:, caught by unawares, were defeated in the bloody
1593:, only to attack his forces in the next year. The
955:If the political and military assistance from the
453:producing regions of Georgia, home to a number of
3132:
2016:
1467:produced another classic of Georgian literature,
1290:. A sketch from the album of the contemporaneous
1194:Field, while the Georgians were higher up in the
473:. Popular tourist attractions in Kakheti include
3647:
985:, forming an alliance between Kakheti and the
373:
3118:
2927:
2834:
2580:
2508:
2433:
2335:
2323:
2284:
1986:
2852:
2791:
2755:
2709:
2685:
2670:
2619:
2607:
2472:
2409:
2299:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2152:
2128:
2077:
1879:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1789:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
624:
550:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3125:
3111:
2934:
2920:
2819:The Dialogue between Teimuraz and Rustveli
1190:, entered in Kartli and bivouacked on the
2825:
2655:
2643:
2631:
1899:Learn how and when to remove this message
1809:Learn how and when to remove this message
639:The Kakheti region is divided into eight
570:Learn how and when to remove this message
449:. Kakheti is one of the most significant
2870:
2843:
2779:
2721:
2697:
2595:
2568:
2556:
2544:
2484:
2366:
2260:
2200:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2140:
2089:
1910:
1820:
1750:
1603:
1513:
1412:
1281:
1202:On July 1, 1625, Teimuraz I ordered the
1139:
1004:
903:
827:
628:
581:
3671:Historical regions of Georgia (country)
2896:Kakheti regional administration website
2816:
2532:
2520:
2460:
2448:
2421:
2390:
2378:
2347:
2311:
2272:
2248:
1957:. National Statistics Office of Georgia
1655:under King Heraclius II. Following the
1261:, depicting the heroic struggle of the
959:proved to be unrealistic, in the north
14:
3648:
2879:
2496:
971:of Muscovy in 1483 and 1491. In 1556,
795:disintegration of the Georgian Kingdom
243:11,310 km (4,370 sq mi)
3666:Former provinces of Georgia (country)
3106:
2915:
2873:Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia
2861:
2828:Description of the Kingdom of Georgia
2807:
2767:
2113:
2101:
2065:
1840:
382:
1877:adding citations to reliable sources
1844:
1787:adding citations to reliable sources
1754:
1144:George Saakadze's portrait drawn by
1129:(25 March) brought an extraordinary
548:adding citations to reliable sources
515:
2950:Administrative divisions of Georgia
2908:(Հայերը Կախեթում) PDF. In Armenian.
2901:Travel guide to Kakheti wine region
1743:and in 1936–1991 part of the
1309:river. Such a development led to a
24:
948:taking place in Europe during the
817:, capital city of the Kingdom and
25:
3682:
3453:Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti
3023:Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti
2889:
1977:"Regional Gross Domestic Product"
1739:, in 1922–1936 part of the
1546:ordered him to remove from power
647:Municipalities of Kakheti Region
391:) formed in the 1990s in eastern
3174:
2979:
2943:
2855:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
2017:Michael Mainville (2007-05-03).
1849:
1759:
1585:Constantine II was succeeded by
1463:(1892), while his fellow writer
520:
186:
138:
120:Vashlovani Strict Nature Reserve
100:
91:
80:
71:
60:
2853:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2007).
2727:
465:, to the north and east by the
2826:Bagrationi, Vakhushti (1973).
2040:
2010:
1969:
1947:
1737:Democratic Republic of Georgia
919:and Christian Monarchs of the
908:King Levan, a fresco from the
605:; Outer Kakheti (გარე კახეთი,
601:, along the right bank of the
506:David Gareja monastery complex
110:From the top to bottom-right:
13:
1:
2812:. Cambridge University Press.
2808:Allen, William E. D. (1970).
1940:
1935:List of sovereigns of Kakheti
1286:King Teimuraz I and his wife
3661:Regions of Georgia (country)
2844:Lamberti, Arcangelo (2020).
2817:Bagrationi, Archili (1989).
2739:p 728 ABC-CLIO, 2 dec. 2014
2116:, pp. 137–138, 217–218.
1629:influential Kartlian noble,
511:
7:
2835:Egnatashvili, Beri (1989).
1923:
1217:nine brothers Kherkheulidze
716:Dedoplistskaro Municipality
599:Tsiv-Gombori mountain range
261: • Estimate
10:
3687:
3172:
2837:The New Georgian Chronicle
2801:
1322:, between the mountainous
1305:, on the left bank of the
1215:. Among the dead were the
768:
469:, and to the southeast by
27:Region (mkhare) of Georgia
3560:
3522:
3484:
3451:
3353:
3320:
3272:
3229:
3206:
3183:
3141:
3082:
3066:
3046:
2988:
2977:
2956:
2880:Witsen, Nicolaes (2013).
2871:Rayfield, Donald (2013).
2092:, pp. 176, 179, 227.
1653:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
495:Lagodekhi Protected Areas
374:
345:
326:
316:
303:
292:
281:
276:
268:
260:
252:
247:
239:
234:
224:
219:
209:
199:
181:
146:
137:
112:Lagodekhi Managed Reserve
54:
45:
35:
3047:City with special status
1915:Gremi church in Kakheti.
1642:Svetitskhoveli Cathedral
1075:Georgian Orthodox Church
775:independent principality
625:Administrative divisions
1955:"Population by regions"
293: • Per Capita
3486:Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
3133:Historical regions of
3028:Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
2882:Noord en Oost Tartarye
2862:Potto, Vasily (1887).
2830:. Sabchota Sakartvelo.
2047:Kakheti municipalities
1916:
1826:
1609:
1519:
1421:
1298:
1271:(1937–1958), of
1208:Teimuraz Mukhranbatoni
1157:
1083:Katharina von Georgien
1025:
961:Grand Duchy of Muscovy
912:
840:
755:Sighnaghi Municipality
729:Lagodekhi Municipality
636:
590:
277:Gross Regional Product
1998:hdi.globaldatalab.org
1914:
1824:
1751:Winemaking in Kakheti
1607:
1552:Transcaucasian Tatars
1548:Vakhtang VI of Kartli
1517:
1436:, Shalva and Elizbar
1434:Bidzina Cholokashvili
1416:
1285:
1143:
1115:Yusuf Khan of Shirvan
1069:forced Teimuraz I to
1046:treaty of Nasuh Pasha
1008:
907:
831:
742:Sagarejo Municipality
690:Gurjaani Municipality
632:
585:
272:27/km (71/sq mi)
225: • Governor
116:Tusheti National Park
2958:Autonomous republics
2906:Armenians in Kakheti
1873:improve this section
1783:improve this section
1712:, great-grandson of
1657:Treaty of Georgievsk
1173:Luarsab II of Kartli
910:Philotheou monastery
797:, Kakheti became an
703:Kvareli Municipality
677:Akhmeta Municipality
544:improve this section
269: • Density
2866:. V. A. Berezovski.
2758:, pp. 385–386.
2733:Timothy C. Dowling
2634:, pp. 603–604.
2610:, pp. 177–178.
2547:, pp. 214–220.
2535:, pp. 471–472.
2487:, pp. 188–189.
2381:, pp. 448–449.
2350:, pp. 447–448.
2338:, pp. 769–771.
2326:, pp. 780–781.
2314:, pp. 446–447.
2251:, pp. 444–445.
1741:Transcaucasian SFSR
1726:Marquis de Paulucci
1504:George XI of Kartli
1335:Daud Khan Undiladze
1296:Cristoforo Castelli
1237:Manuchar III Jaqeli
1221:Baadur Tsitsishvili
950:early modern period
799:independent Kingdom
664:Telavi Municipality
648:
609:) along the middle
288:3.13 billion (2022)
162: /
3033:Samtskhe–Javakheti
2857:. Scarecrow Press.
2052:2011-07-21 at the
1917:
1841:Travel information
1827:
1677:Treaty of Gulistan
1665:Agha Mohammad Khan
1610:
1580:Samtskhe-Saatabago
1520:
1438:Eristavis of Ksani
1422:
1417:King Archil II by
1408:Alaverdi Monastery
1331:battle of Bazaleti
1311:prolonged conflict
1299:
1248:Qazaq Khan Cherkes
1158:
1026:
991:David I of Kakheti
982:The Book of Pledge
913:
841:
646:
637:
634:Alaverdi Monastery
591:
499:Alaverdi Monastery
467:Russian Federation
384:[kʼaχetʰi]
282: • Total
253: • Total
240: • Total
229:Giorgi Aladashvili
3643:
3642:
3355:Mtskheta-Mtianeti
3100:
3099:
3087:independent (see
3059:
3018:Mtskheta-Mtianeti
2875:. Reaktion Books.
2581:Egnatashvili 1989
2509:Egnatashvili 1989
2475:, pp. 26–27.
2434:Egnatashvili 1989
2336:Egnatashvili 1989
2324:Egnatashvili 1989
2285:Egnatashvili 1989
2023:Middle East Times
1909:
1908:
1901:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1730:Nikolay Rtishchev
1710:Grigol Bagrationi
1649:Kingdom of Kartli
1614:Tahmasp Qoli Khan
1608:King Heraclius II
1599:battle of Magharo
1381:battle of Magharo
1379:, in the fateful
1273:Anna Antonovskaya
1268:The Grand Mouravi
1259:Mikheil Chiaureli
1117:, while his son,
1079:Andreas Gryphius’
995:Times of Troubles
977:Ivan the Terrible
975:was conquered by
925:Holy Roman Empire
887:Simon I of Kartli
783:David the Builder
766:
765:
597:) to the east of
580:
579:
572:
459:Mtskheta-Mtianeti
443:Kakhetian dialect
363:
362:
166:41.750°N 45.717°E
128:Tsinandali Palace
30:Mkhare in Georgia
16:(Redirected from
3678:
3393:Tskhradzmiskhevi
3178:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3057:
2983:
2948:
2947:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2913:
2912:
2885:
2876:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2813:
2795:
2792:Mikaberidze 2007
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2756:Mikaberidze 2007
2753:
2747:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2710:Mikaberidze 2007
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2686:Mikaberidze 2007
2683:
2674:
2671:Mikaberidze 2007
2668:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2620:Mikaberidze 2007
2617:
2611:
2608:Mikaberidze 2007
2605:
2599:
2593:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2473:Mikaberidze 2007
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2410:Mikaberidze 2007
2407:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2300:Mikaberidze 2007
2297:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2237:Mikaberidze 2007
2234:
2228:
2225:Mikaberidze 2007
2222:
2216:
2213:Mikaberidze 2007
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2153:Mikaberidze 2007
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2129:Mikaberidze 2007
2126:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2078:Mikaberidze 2007
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2025:. Archived from
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1951:
1904:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1853:
1845:
1814:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1763:
1755:
1716:and grandson of
1631:Givi Amilakhvari
1127:Annunciation Day
809:(1518-1574) and
779:Georgian Kingdom
649:
645:
575:
568:
564:
561:
555:
524:
516:
386:
377:
376:
359:
356:
354:
352:
337:
192:
190:
189:
177:
176:
174:
173:
172:
167:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
142:
124:Kakheti Vineyard
104:
95:
84:
75:
64:
33:
32:
21:
18:Kakheti, Georgia
3686:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3556:
3518:
3480:
3447:
3349:
3316:
3268:
3225:
3202:
3179:
3170:
3137:
3131:
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3096:
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3062:
3042:
2984:
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2940:
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2790:
2786:
2778:
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2766:
2762:
2754:
2750:
2732:
2728:
2720:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2677:
2669:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2594:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2527:
2519:
2515:
2507:
2503:
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2483:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2459:
2455:
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2440:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2310:
2306:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2127:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2054:Wayback Machine
2045:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2015:
2011:
2002:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1926:
1905:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1870:
1854:
1843:
1815:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1780:
1764:
1753:
1685:
1661:sack of Tbilisi
1544:Shah Tahmasp II
1512:
1465:Akaki Tsereteli
1419:Nicolaes Witsen
1400:Shah Abbas II's
1316:Sultan of Elisu
1254:George Saakadze
1213:Duchy of Aragvi
1188:Kaikhosro-Mirza
1146:Teramo Castelli
1095:George Saakadze
1091:Qarachaqay Khan
1048:was concluded,
1003:
987:Russian Tsardom
946:epochal changes
876:Christian world
791:
773:Kakheti was an
771:
627:
576:
565:
559:
556:
541:
525:
514:
387:) is a region (
349:
335:
334:
312:(Georgian Time)
187:
185:
170:
168:
164:
161:
156:
153:
151:
149:
148:
133:
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130:
107:
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105:
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67:
66:
65:
50:
48:Mkhare (region)
41:
38:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3684:
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3668:
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3582:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3542:Maghrandvaleti
3539:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3490:
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3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
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2890:External links
2888:
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2850:
2846:Colchide Sacra
2841:
2832:
2823:
2814:
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2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:, p. 386.
2784:
2782:, p. 272.
2772:
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2760:
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2714:
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2702:
2700:, p. 232.
2690:
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2675:
2673:, p. 239.
2660:
2658:, p. 612.
2656:Vakhushti 1973
2648:
2646:, p. 605.
2644:Vakhushti 1973
2636:
2632:Vakhushti 1973
2624:
2622:, p. 136.
2612:
2600:
2598:, p. 210.
2585:
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2573:
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2094:
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1799:September 2023
1767:
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1669:Russian Empire
1540:Constantine II
1529:Djaro-Belokani
1511:
1508:
1455:Vazha-Pshavela
1292:Roman Catholic
1233:Cholokashvilis
1225:David Jandieri
1154:Ottoman Empire
1150:Constantinople
1123:Zurab Eristavi
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2884:. Universali.
2883:
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2833:
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2780:Rayfield 2013
2776:
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2746:
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2730:
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2722:Rayfield 2013
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2596:Rayfield 2013
2592:
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2569:Rayfield 2013
2565:
2558:
2557:Rayfield 2013
2553:
2546:
2545:Lamberti 2020
2541:
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2510:
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2498:
2493:
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2485:Lamberti 2020
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2367:Rayfield 2013
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2261:Rayfield 2013
2257:
2250:
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2227:, p. 26.
2226:
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2201:Rayfield 2013
2197:
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2165:Rayfield 2013
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2137:
2130:
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2110:
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2090:Rayfield 2013
2086:
2080:, p. 25.
2079:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2055:
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2043:
2029:on 2007-09-29
2028:
2024:
2020:
2013:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1978:
1972:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:Kakhetian pig
1928:
1927:
1921:
1913:
1903:
1900:
1892:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1858:This section
1856:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1823:
1813:
1810:
1802:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1768:This section
1766:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
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1727:
1723:
1719:
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1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1576:Ottoman Porte
1573:
1569:
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1557:
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1530:
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1167:
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1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:In 1612, the
1042:
1040:
1035:
1034:Queen Ketevan
1031:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1015:Graça Convent
1012:
1007:
998:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:
978:
974:
970:
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962:
958:
953:
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947:
942:
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911:
906:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
864:Transcaucasus
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
838:
834:
830:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
805:(1476-1511),
804:
800:
796:
786:
784:
780:
776:
761:
759:1,251 km
758:
756:
753:
752:
748:
746:1,515 km
745:
743:
740:
739:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
722:
720:2,531 km
719:
717:
714:
713:
709:
707:1,000 km
706:
704:
701:
700:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
683:
681:2,248 km
680:
678:
675:
674:
670:
668:1,094 km
667:
665:
662:
661:
657:
654:
651:
650:
644:
642:
635:
631:
622:
620:
616:
615:Gaghma Mkhari
612:
608:
604:
603:Alazani River
600:
596:
595:Shida Kakheti
588:
584:
574:
571:
563:
553:
549:
545:
539:
538:
534:
529:This section
527:
523:
518:
517:
509:
507:
504:The Georgian
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
380:
371:
367:
358:
348:
344:
341:
332:
329:
325:
321:
319:
318:ISO 3166 code
315:
311:
308:
306:
302:
299:10,235 (2022)
298:
295:
291:
287:
284:
280:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
242:
238:
233:
230:
227:
223:
218:
214:
212:
208:
205:
202:
198:
195:
184:
180:
175:
147:Coordinates:
145:
141:
136:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
103:
94:
83:
74:
63:
53:
49:
44:
34:
19:
3562:Tao-Klarjeti
3524:Shida Kartli
3322:Kvemo Kartli
3273:
3084:
3038:Shida Kartli
3013:Kvemo Kartli
3007:
2881:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2787:
2775:
2763:
2751:
2735:
2729:
2717:
2705:
2693:
2651:
2639:
2627:
2615:
2603:
2576:
2564:
2552:
2540:
2533:Archili 1989
2528:
2521:Archili 1989
2516:
2504:
2492:
2480:
2468:
2461:Archili 1989
2456:
2449:Archili 1989
2429:
2422:Archili 1989
2417:
2391:Archili 1989
2386:
2379:Archili 1989
2374:
2348:Archili 1989
2343:
2331:
2319:
2312:Archili 1989
2307:
2280:
2273:Archili 1989
2268:
2256:
2249:Archili 1989
2244:
2232:
2220:
2208:
2196:
2184:
2172:
2160:
2148:
2136:
2109:
2097:
2085:
2073:
2061:
2042:
2031:. Retrieved
2027:the original
2012:
2001:. Retrieved
1997:
1988:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1949:
1918:
1895:
1886:
1871:Please help
1859:
1828:
1805:
1796:
1781:Please help
1769:
1745:Georgian SSR
1734:
1714:Heraclius II
1686:
1675:in the 1813
1646:
1638:Heraclius II
1635:
1622:war on India
1611:
1584:
1578:had done in
1560:
1556:Shida Kartli
1537:
1521:
1500:
1485:
1476:Bashi-Achuki
1474:
1470:Bashi-Achuki
1468:
1458:
1423:
1385:
1377:Prince David
1362:
1351:
1328:
1300:
1277:
1266:
1252:
1241:
1201:
1181:
1159:
1112:
1106:camped near
1088:
1081:
1054:Shah Abbas I
1043:
1027:
980:
954:
914:
889:against the
884:
861:
842:
811:Alexander II
792:
772:
638:
614:
607:Gare Kakheti
606:
594:
592:
566:
557:
542:Please help
530:
503:
463:Kvemo Kartli
437:
378:
365:
364:
213:
3615:Zemo Kartli
3552:Zena Sopeli
3345:Dmaniskhevi
3287:Gagmamkhari
3282:Garekakheti
3166:Samurzakano
2848:. Artanuji.
2839:. Nakaduli.
2821:. Nakaduli.
2497:Witsen 2013
1694:Bodbiskhevi
1587:Teimuraz II
1572:Sunni Islam
1496:Heraclius I
1430:Gatsqvetila
1373:hieromartyr
1354:Rostom Khan
1324:Dido people
1294:missionary
1030:Constantine
899:Shamkhalate
891:Qizilbashes
803:Alexander I
733:890 km
694:849 km
658:Population
169: /
3650:Categories
3547:Samachablo
3433:Khevsureti
3388:Ksniskhevi
3193:Machakhela
2768:Potto 1887
2745:1598849484
2114:Allen 1970
2102:Allen 1970
2066:Allen 1970
2033:2007-06-23
2003:2018-09-13
1941:References
1718:George XII
1673:Qajar Iran
1618:Nader Shah
1481:Leo Esakia
1460:Bakhtrioni
1451:Khevsureti
1396:Vakhtang V
1229:Machabelis
1067:Tsitsamuri
1039:Teimuraz I
853:musketeers
845:cavalrymen
793:After the
611:Iori River
471:Azerbaijan
441:speak the
439:Kakhetians
248:Population
220:Government
3635:Javakheti
3610:Sokhoista
3590:Shavsheti
3509:Samegrelo
3504:Sabediano
3466:Lechkhumi
3413:Tchartali
3398:Tsanareti
3383:Tskhavati
3335:Gardabani
3264:Sajavakho
3249:Mukhurisi
3151:Abkhazeti
3058:(capital)
1860:does not
1770:does not
1706:Pasanauri
1651:into the
1626:Heraclius
1538:In 1722,
1488:Archil II
1486:In 1664,
1388:Heraclius
1365:Eudemus I
1339:Shah Safi
1288:Khorashan
1028:In 1605,
973:Astrakhan
531:does not
512:Geography
429:Lagodekhi
305:Time zone
3630:Samtskhe
3625:Trialeti
3575:Klarjeti
3532:Bazaleti
3403:Tsilkani
3368:Mukhrani
3363:Mtiuleti
3340:Gachiani
3330:Borchalo
3307:Saingilo
3292:Gujareti
3161:Tsebelda
3143:Abkhazia
3089:Abkhazia
3085:De facto
2966:Abkhazia
2050:Archived
1961:27 April
1924:See also
1659:and the
1564:Zedavela
1533:Ingiloys
1525:David II
1473:(1896).
1426:revolted
1320:Dagestan
1263:Georgian
1231:, seven
1184:Isa Khan
1166:Karabakh
1135:Simon II
1119:Avtandil
1108:Martqopi
1063:deported
1023:Portugal
969:Ivan III
965:Orthodox
923:–
849:infantry
847:, 3,000
837:medieval
823:Caucasus
447:Georgian
417:Sagarejo
409:Gurjaani
379:K’akheti
370:Georgian
353:.kakheti
3656:Kakheti
3605:Basiani
3595:Ardahan
3537:Dvaleti
3514:Svaneti
3461:Takveri
3443:Khorkhi
3423:Khandro
3408:Tsobeni
3312:Tusheti
3274:Kakheti
3259:Sachino
3239:Argveti
3231:Imereti
3198:Chaneti
3135:Georgia
3054:Tbilisi
3008:Kakheti
3003:Imereti
2990:Regions
2802:Sources
1881:removed
1866:sources
1835:Alazani
1791:removed
1776:sources
1702:Dusheti
1690:Akhmeta
1443:Tusheti
1404:Caspian
1369:Tbilisi
1345:to the
1307:Alazani
1303:Eliseni
1227:, nine
1192:Marabda
1156:in 1626
1131:victory
1103:Mouravi
1071:Imereti
1013:at the
1011:azulejo
937:Prussia
872:Safavid
868:Ottoman
857:Muscovy
833:Kvetera
769:History
762:29,948
749:51,761
736:41,678
723:21,221
710:29,827
697:54,337
684:31,461
671:58,350
587:Signagi
552:removed
537:sources
487:Kvetera
483:Signagi
475:Tusheti
433:Akhmeta
425:Signagi
413:Qvareli
397:Tusheti
393:Georgia
366:Kakheti
346:Website
264:306,216
256:310,051
200:Capital
194:Georgia
182:Country
157:45°43′E
154:41°45′N
37:Kakheti
3600:Nigali
3499:Odishi
3494:Egrisi
3438:Kherki
3378:Pkhovi
3373:Pshavi
3302:Hereti
3297:Kiziki
3254:Okriba
3221:Surebi
3216:Lazika
3185:Adjara
3156:Abzhua
3056:
2971:Adjara
2743:
1722:Kartli
1704:, and
1591:Sultan
1492:Telavi
1447:Pshavi
1392:Moscow
1343:Qajars
1204:attack
1196:Kojori
1162:Araxes
1019:Lisbon
941:Naples
933:France
819:Zagemi
619:Hereti
405:Telavi
401:Telavi
389:mkhare
375:კახეთი
372::
330:(2021)
204:Telavi
191:
40:კახეთი
3580:Speri
3471:Racha
3428:Khevi
3418:Khada
3208:Guria
3067:Other
2998:Guria
1980:(PDF)
1698:Anaga
1595:Turks
1358:Ksani
1244:Ksani
1177:Gonio
1170:Saint
1099:Paata
1059:Ganja
929:Spain
917:Popes
815:Gremi
807:Levan
655:Area
652:Name
491:Bodbe
479:Gremi
333:0.757
322:GE-KA
310:UTC+4
3620:Tori
3585:Kola
3244:Vake
2741:ISBN
1963:2024
1864:any
1862:cite
1833:and
1831:Iori
1774:any
1772:cite
1728:and
1568:Shia
1449:and
1347:Iori
1223:and
1186:and
1093:and
921:West
880:1555
870:and
835:, a
535:any
533:cite
497:and
461:and
451:wine
431:and
355:.gov
336:high
235:Area
3570:Tao
1875:by
1785:by
1663:by
1570:to
1148:in
1050:war
1017:in
895:war
546:by
501:.
445:of
435:.
357:.ge
351:www
340:5th
328:HDI
3652::
3091:,
2678:^
2663:^
2588:^
2441:^
2398:^
2355:^
2292:^
2121:^
2021:.
1996:.
1700:,
1679:.
1601:.
1535:.
1483:.
1445:,
1410:.
1275:.
1239:.
1152:,
1110:.
1021:,
989:.
952:.
939:,
935:,
931:,
927:,
859:.
643::
493:,
489:,
485:,
481:,
477:,
427:,
423:,
419:,
415:,
411:,
407:,
399:.
381:;
338:·
126:,
122:,
118:,
114:,
3126:e
3119:t
3112:v
3095:)
2935:e
2928:t
2921:v
2036:.
2006:.
1982:.
1965:.
1902:)
1896:(
1891:)
1887:(
1883:.
1869:.
1812:)
1806:(
1801:)
1797:(
1793:.
1779:.
573:)
567:(
562:)
558:(
554:.
540:.
368:(
297:₾
286:₾
215:8
20:)
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