245:
347:
38:
862:
45:
330:
In 1990, a developer proposed adding 20,000 cubic yards (15,000 m) of fill to an area of the pond in order to create stable land for more housing. A group of hundreds of nearby residents opposed the proposal, including Sandy Pao, a relative of Joseph Pao who led the initial addition of fill to
272:. Beginning in 1959 and continuing through the mid-1960s, soil from other nearby construction projects run by Pao was used to fill in parts of the pond in order to create space for Enchanted Lake Estates, a
162:, Kaʻelepulu was partially filled in and built on beginning in 1959. Today the pond covers about 95 acres (38 hectares) in total, including wetland and some small islands, and has been subject to
280:
179:
303:
and therefore open to the public. The lawsuit said that the pond had been "developed into a recreational lake for the private use of owners of surrounding homes". In
January 1980,
906:
765:
207:
80:
257:
911:
465:
320:
269:
813:
896:
891:
681:
Mākālei, ka Lāʻau Piʻi Ona a ka iʻa, o Moaʻulanuiākea i kaulana. He Moʻolelo Kahiko no ka huli Koʻolau o Kailua a me Waimānalo
292:
316:
773:
745:
241:
from
December 1952 through January 1953; during that same period, 636 ducks were estimated to have died at the pond.
881:
37:
249:
237:
effort at the site was converted into a duck rescue program, and approximately 357 ducks were transported to the
685:
886:
806:
244:
652:
592:
916:
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620:
564:
535:
504:
799:
597:
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began getting sick and dying at Kaʻelepulu Pond. The cause was determined to be an outbreak of
112:
861:
725:
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8:
470:
431:
273:
191:
151:
324:
831:
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literally means "moist blackness". Historically a 200-to-400-acre (81 to 162 hectare)
841:
779:
769:
741:
195:
143:
733:
689:
261:
466:"Where A Developer Sees Houses, Enchanted Lake Residents See A Wetland To Protect"
836:
340:
851:
761:
394:
387:(literally "the famous fish-attracting branch of Moaʻulanuiākea", shortened as
359:
331:
the pond. Also in the 1990s, the Army Corps of
Engineers issued a permit for a
304:
175:
139:
66:
737:
875:
783:
288:
284:
265:
95:
82:
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pumped 2,000,000 US gallons (7,600 m) of water from Kaʻelepulu Pond to
296:
238:
234:
755:
158:
made up of 190 acres (77 hectares) of water and 90 acres (36 hectares) of
726:"Kaelepulu Pond: Community Efforts to Preserve an Urban Tropical Estuary"
379:
167:
375:
700:
693:
485:
355:
336:
215:
190:
Kaʻelepulu Pond was historically a 200-to-400-acre (81 to 162 hectare)
219:
171:
163:
791:
679:
233:, which was an unusual phenomenon in Hawaii at the time. An ongoing
230:
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officials after the Corps had ruled in July that Kaʻelepulu was a
354:
In 2003, the manager of the bird habitat cleared it of overgrown
332:
155:
135:
117:
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and ducks after nearby residents complained about an unpleasant
346:
384:
Mākālei ka lāʻau piʻi ona a ka iʻa o Moaʻulanuiākea i
Kaulana
350:
Aerial view of Kailua in 2010, with Kaʻelepulu Pond at bottom
199:
159:
363:
339:
after a previous owner of the habitat property used it for
300:
226:
203:
327:
was not open for public use despite also being navigable.
754:
706:
491:
621:"WETLANDS: Kailua dispute on filled area will be aired"
414:
412:
410:
182:
advises residents not to eat anything taken from it.
907:
Buildings and structures in
Honolulu County, Hawaii
407:
248:Kaʻelepulu Pond and surrounding wetland in a 1952
873:
730:World Environmental and Water Resources Congress
73:
677:
536:"Enchanted Lake Project Is an Engineering Feat"
505:"357 Birds Sent To Zoo by Duck Rescue Program"
388:
382:
807:
393:) describes the use of both Kaʻelepulu and
299:water of the United States, subject to the
814:
800:
757:Kailua: In the Wisps of the Malanai Breeze
345:
311:of the Corps) decided not to assert the
243:
593:"Corps Awaits Ruling on Kaelepulu Pond"
256:In the 1950s the area was owned by the
44:
874:
723:
653:"Stench From Kaʻelepulu Pond Persists"
650:
464:Downey, Kirstin (September 17, 2019).
463:
418:
369:
821:
795:
646:
644:
562:
293:United States Army Corps of Engineers
222:until the company shut down in 1947.
912:Geography of Honolulu County, Hawaii
724:Bourke, Robert E. (April 26, 2012).
530:
528:
459:
457:
455:
453:
180:Enchanted Lake Residents Association
13:
641:
317:Supreme Court of the United States
252:map, before the pond was filled in
16:Pond and wetland in Kailua, Hawaii
14:
928:
678:Pōmaikaʻi Stone, Johanna (2014).
525:
450:
860:
684:(Masters thesis) (in Hawaiian).
651:Aguiar, Eloise (March 6, 2003).
544:. September 23, 1960. p. 20
43:
36:
671:
629:. September 28, 1990. p. 8
565:"Suit to Decide Status of Pond"
563:McCoy, Jim (December 1, 1979).
897:Archaeological sites in Hawaii
892:Estuaries of the United States
716:
707:Kailua Historical Society 2009
613:
601:. January 10, 1980. p. 13
585:
556:
497:
492:Kailua Historical Society 2009
424:
287:, and two developers sued the
1:
686:University of Hawaii at Manoa
400:
335:bird habitat in the pond as
7:
436:Healthy Climate Communities
10:
933:
513:. June 4, 1953. p. 34
281:Enchanted Lake Association
194:. It belonged to Princess
185:
858:
827:
766:Kailua Historical Society
111:
72:
62:
31:
26:
21:
882:Bodies of water of Oahu
657:The Honolulu Advertiser
598:The Honolulu Advertiser
389:
383:
208:Waimanalo Sugar Company
626:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
570:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
541:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
510:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
351:
313:right of public access
309:Pacific Ocean Division
307:(then the head of the
279:In December 1979, the
264:much of the land in a
253:
198:in the 1880s, and she
96:21.38000°N 157.74000°W
738:10.1061/40976(316)444
349:
247:
202:surrounding land to
101:21.38000; -157.74000
887:Fishponds of Hawaii
471:Honolulu Civil Beat
370:In Hawaiian culture
274:housing subdivision
92: /
352:
254:
225:In December 1952,
192:Hawaiian fish pond
152:Hawaiian fish pond
869:
868:
842:Kahaluu Fish Pond
822:Fishponds of Oahu
438:. January 2, 2017
432:"Hamakua History"
196:Ruth Keʻelikōlani
123:
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130:, also known as
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85:
75:
47:
46:
40:
19:
18:
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927:
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923:
922:
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917:Farms in Hawaii
902:History of Oahu
872:
871:
870:
865:
856:
847:Kaʻelepulu Pond
837:Huilua Fishpond
832:Heʻeia Fishpond
823:
820:
790:
776:
748:
719:
714:
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486:
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451:
441:
439:
430:
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417:
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397:as fish ponds.
372:
341:illegal dumping
188:
170:as a result of
128:Kaʻelepulu Pond
100:
98:
94:
91:
86:
83:
81:
79:
78:
58:
57:
56:
55:
54:
53:
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51:Kaʻelepulu Pond
48:
22:Kaʻelepulu Pond
17:
12:
11:
5:
930:
920:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
867:
866:
859:
857:
855:
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852:Molii Fishpond
849:
844:
839:
834:
828:
825:
824:
819:
818:
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796:
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762:Kailua, Hawaii
752:
746:
720:
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715:
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699:
670:
640:
612:
584:
555:
524:
496:
494:, p. 167.
484:
449:
423:
405:
404:
402:
399:
395:Kawainui Marsh
371:
368:
360:domestic geese
305:Henry J. Hatch
260:, which began
187:
184:
176:surface runoff
154:, and later a
140:Kailua, Hawaii
132:Enchanted Lake
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
76:
70:
69:
67:Kailua, Hawaii
64:
60:
59:
50:
49:
42:
41:
35:
34:
33:
32:
29:
28:
27:Enchanted Lake
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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775:9781883528393
771:
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758:
753:
749:
747:9780784409763
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
721:
709:, p. 50.
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374:The Hawaiian
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348:
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328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
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298:
294:
291:and multiple
290:
289:United States
286:
285:Bishop Estate
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
266:joint venture
263:
259:
251:
246:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
214:each day for
213:
209:
206:farmers. The
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201:
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65:
61:
39:
30:
25:
20:
846:
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729:
702:
680:
673:
661:. Retrieved
659:. p. 11
656:
631:. Retrieved
624:
615:
603:. Retrieved
596:
587:
575:. Retrieved
568:
558:
546:. Retrieved
539:
515:. Retrieved
508:
499:
487:
475:. Retrieved
469:
440:. Retrieved
435:
426:
421:, p. 1.
373:
353:
329:
278:
258:Bishop Trust
255:
239:Honolulu Zoo
235:bird banding
224:
189:
168:algal blooms
147:
131:
127:
126:
124:
717:Works cited
694:10125/32929
573:. p. 2
419:Bourke 2012
358:as well as
319:ruled that
99: /
87:157°44′24″W
74:Coordinates
876:Categories
401:References
356:vegetation
337:mitigation
325:Hawaii Kai
321:Kuapa Pond
315:after the
270:Joseph Pao
262:developing
216:irrigation
164:fish kills
148:Kaʻelepulu
84:21°22′48″N
784:551223444
297:navigable
220:sugarcane
212:Waimānalo
172:pollution
768:. 2009.
732:: 1–10.
376:moʻolelo
231:botulism
144:Hawaiian
134:, is an
63:Location
663:May 29,
633:May 29,
605:May 29,
577:May 29,
548:May 28,
517:May 29,
477:May 28,
442:May 28,
390:Mākālei
333:wetland
186:History
156:fishery
136:estuary
118:Estuary
782:
772:
744:
200:leased
178:; the
142:. The
268:with
227:ducks
174:from
160:marsh
146:name
780:OCLC
770:ISBN
742:ISBN
665:2021
635:2021
607:2021
579:2021
550:2021
519:2021
479:2021
444:2021
380:epic
378:and
364:odor
301:tide
250:USGS
204:rice
166:and
113:Type
734:doi
690:hdl
323:in
218:of
138:in
878::
778:.
764::
760:.
740:.
728:.
688:.
655:.
643:^
623:.
595:.
567:.
538:.
527:^
507:.
468:.
452:^
434:.
409:^
366:.
343:.
283:,
276:.
815:e
808:t
801:v
786:.
750:.
736::
696:.
692::
667:.
637:.
609:.
581:.
552:.
521:.
481:.
446:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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