492:
2319:
820:
481:
2329:
2308:
770:(the first two years of university). K–16 education adds a four-year undergraduate university degree. For simplicity purposes, education shorthand was created to denote specific education levels of achievement. This shorthand is commonly used in articles, publications and educational legislation. The following list contains the most commonly found shorthand descriptors:
630:
well. Property taxes would pay for the new school system. A school board, elected by the community, would make decisions about the system's management and hire the necessary professionals to run each school. Illustrating the racism that existed in Ohio during this era, the Akron School Law excluded
African-American children from the public school system.
666:
804:
for the implementation of the
Vocational and Technical Education Act (VTEA), managing and coordinating activities that impact other interagency and intra-agency objectives. In addition, the CTE Unit is also responsible for the development, dissemination, and implementation of the California State Plan and the annual performance reports.
700:
The image at the right illustrates the education system in the United States. The table shows the progression of the education system starting with the basic K–12 system then progressing through post-secondary education. K–14 refers to K–12 plus two years of post-secondary where training was received
620:
The first K–12 public school systems appeared in the early 19th century. In the 1830s and 1840s, Ohioans were taking a significant interest in the idea of public education. At that point in time, schools were commonly operated independently of each other, with little attempt at uniformity. The Akron
803:
The ASCCC Chancellor's Office Career
Technical Education (CTE) Unit of the Economic Development and Workforce Preparation Division focuses on program coordination and advocacy, policy development and coordination with K–18 workforce preparation and career and technical education systems. Responsible
629:
Under the Akron School Law, there was to be one school district encompassing the entire city. Within that district would be a number of elementary schools, with students divided into separate "grades" based on achievement. When enough demand existed, the school board would establish a high school as
612:
U.S. public education was conceived of in the late 18th century. In 1790, Pennsylvania became the first state to require some form of free education for everyone regardless of whether they could afford it. New York passed similar legislation in 1805. In 1820, Massachusetts became the first state to
709:
The term is often used as a kind of shorthand to collectively refer to the entirety of primary and secondary education, as it is much easier than having to say one is referring in the aggregate to elementary, middle, and high school education. However, it is rare for a school district to actually
644:
Since its inception, public K–12 has been debated and subject to several waves of reform throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. In the 1980s, Reagan's 'A Nation at Risk' initiative included provisions requiring public education to be evaluated based on standards, and teacher pay to be based on
799:
The Career
Technical Education (CTE) Unit of the California Community College Economic Development and Workforce Preparation Division focuses on program coordination and advocacy, policy development and coordination with K–18 workforce preparation and career and technical education systems.
710:
teach all K–12 grades at one unified school campus. Even the smallest school districts try to maintain, at a minimum, a two-tier distinction between an elementary school (K–8) and a high school (9–12). Unified K–12 schools are common, however, in rural and remote areas throughout Canada.
701:
from vocational-technical institutions or community or junior colleges. K–16 is 12 years of compulsory education plus a 4-year undergrad program. The K numbers refer to the years of educational attainment and continues to progress upward accordingly depending on the degree being sought.
645:
evaluations. In the 1990s, the Goals 2000 Act and the "Improving
America's Schools" act provided additional federal funding to states to bolster local K–12 systems. This was followed in the 2000s by a rigorous uptick in standards-based evaluations with the
807:
Further reference to K–18 education can be found in this publication by Ann Diver-Stamnes and Linda
Catelli in chapter 4 "College/University Partnership Projects for Instituting Change and Improvement in K–18 Education".
641:(ESEA), which committed the federal government to significant ongoing expenditures to each state for the purpose of sustaining local K–12 school systems. The ESEA essentially made K–12 education the law of the land.
604:. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
264:
469:
73:
752:, without including the separate kindergarten component. In Canada (Nova Scotia) P–12 is used commonly in place of K–12 and serves students from grade Primary through 12.
378:
77:
650:
351:
149:
1471:
1267:
427:
373:
235:
417:
82:
326:
1179:
405:
634:
In 1849, the state of Ohio enacted a law modeled after the Akron law which extended the idea of school districts to cover the rest of the state.
520:
358:
254:
243:
451:
259:
183:
316:
306:
249:
284:
193:
2226:
363:
341:
203:
87:
1162:
1130:
1866:
1778:
459:
410:
886:
400:
346:
188:
44:
1078:
638:
455:
383:
166:
1251:
1814:
721:(or in the United States, the state top-level domain). The terms "PK–12", "PreK–12", or "Pre-K–12" are sometimes used to add
463:
311:
213:
112:
102:
744:, where it is used as an official term in the curriculum framework. P–12 schools serve children for the thirteen years from
2177:
368:
301:
230:
176:
154:
144:
1324:
1015:
2363:
1819:
1231:
513:
388:
171:
134:
637:
By 1930, all 48 states had passed laws making education compulsory, and in 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the
289:
198:
139:
1397:
2332:
2241:
422:
107:
97:
1297:
1103:
912:
159:
92:
1824:
553:
506:
53:
1275:
2236:
1368:
761:
718:
129:
1583:
593:
279:
17:
1355:"Girls can be anything... but boys will be boys: discourses of sex difference in education reform debates"
2358:
1325:"Commitment to Excellence: Transforming Teaching and Teacher Education in Inner-City and Urban Settings"
1183:
2353:
2117:
1512:
654:
625:
unified the operations, curriculum and funding of local schools into a single public school district:
1522:
1425:
393:
225:
1844:
1760:
1532:
646:
597:
565:
296:
657:(ESSA), which returned some power to state governments with respect to evaluations and standards.
2292:
1912:
1879:
1658:
614:
693:" is also occasionally used in Australia and the United States to refer to the sum of K–12 plus
2122:
1700:
1653:
1205:
569:
2322:
1959:
1796:
1705:
1693:
1390:
269:
1053:
963:
544:, is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported
2132:
2127:
1986:
1971:
1939:
1924:
1907:
1786:
1773:
1668:
1527:
1517:
577:
496:
331:
321:
274:
33:
8:
2204:
2147:
1678:
1673:
1610:
1494:
1159:
1138:
745:
694:
601:
557:
549:
728:
It is also used by
American multinationals selling into the educational sector, such as
2217:
2187:
2152:
2086:
1902:
1834:
1725:
1598:
1573:
1542:
1359:
937:
878:
838:
585:
581:
573:
561:
2157:
2137:
1991:
1981:
1944:
1839:
1648:
1620:
1502:
1453:
1416:
767:
589:
545:
2267:
2199:
2182:
2142:
2096:
2042:
2027:
2005:
1976:
1851:
1630:
1615:
1567:
1438:
1383:
1248:
825:
722:
485:
1235:
2194:
2076:
2032:
2022:
1856:
1735:
1354:
1255:
1166:
1019:
2312:
2231:
2101:
1917:
1809:
1791:
1768:
1663:
1562:
1537:
1483:
1012:
686:
2347:
2262:
2091:
2017:
1929:
1730:
1578:
1507:
1478:
1466:
678:
336:
1079:"Top 14 Companies in the Smart Education and eLearning Industry | Technavio"
2257:
1949:
1934:
1874:
1740:
1588:
1557:
1461:
1443:
674:
537:
1032:
1861:
1547:
1182:. Department of Education and Training (Queensland). 2004. Archived from
749:
682:
622:
2081:
1688:
1301:
741:
740:
In
Australia, P–12 is sometimes used in place of K–12, particularly in
732:
where UK customers are presented with this as a market segment choice.
541:
1107:
1804:
1433:
1268:"CTE Community Collaborative : Career Technical Education (CTE)"
2037:
1683:
833:
2052:
2047:
1643:
1638:
1552:
1406:
1375:
819:
480:
560:, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before
1206:"Why we need a K–16 education system - The Hechinger Report"
729:
857:
Spoken as "k twelve", "k through twelve", or "k to twelve"
714:
665:
988:
1131:"P-12 curriculum, assessment and reporting framework"
815:
1169:– education.qld.gov.au. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
989:"Online Education Programs & Schooling | K12"
964:"Short History of K–12 Reform | Hoover Institute"
906:
904:
669:"The structure of education in the United States"
2345:
1249:http://www.desertcolleges.org/Faculty/Career.htm
681:(12) for 17–18 year-olds, as the first and last
1322:
913:"Federal role in education has a long history"
901:
621:School Law of 1847 changed this. The city of
1391:
653:. In 2015, President Barack Obama signed the
514:
755:
1398:
1384:
521:
507:
1180:"Why is P–12 career education important?"
938:"Akron School Law | Ohio History Central"
713:The term is often used in school website
673:The expression "K–12" is a shortening of
88:History of education in the United States
1352:
910:
664:
1298:"Links to Other Resources | ASCCC"
1129:Training, Department of Education and.
789:K–16: Kindergarten to bachelor's degree
14:
2346:
1054:"Digest of Education Statistics, 2012"
786:K–14: Kindergarten to associate degree
689:in these countries. The related term "
639:Elementary and Secondary Education Act
1379:
795:K–20: Kindergarten to graduate degree
792:K–18: Kindergarten to master's degree
777:P–16: Pre-school to bachelor's degree
113:History of education in New York City
103:History of education in Massachusetts
2328:
2178:Ancient higher-learning institutions
1128:
962:Finn, Chester Jr. (March 14, 2013).
961:
774:P–14: Pre-school to associate degree
564:in several other countries, such as
1033:"P–12 | US Department of Education"
911:Hornbeck, Dustin (April 26, 2017).
783:P–20: Pre-school to graduate degree
780:P–18: Pre-school to master's degree
613:create a tuition-free high school,
24:
1346:
889:from the original on July 23, 2018
25:
2375:
717:, generally appearing before the
2327:
2318:
2317:
2306:
1405:
879:"Education in the United States"
818:
490:
479:
108:History of education in Missouri
98:History of education in Kentucky
1316:
1290:
1260:
1224:
1198:
1172:
1153:
1122:
1096:
1071:
93:History of education in Chicago
1046:
1025:
1006:
981:
955:
930:
871:
851:
677:(K) for 5–6 year olds through
428:Full-service community schools
13:
1:
1369:William S. Boyd School of Law
1104:"Dell Schools | Dell UK"
864:
766:K–14 education also includes
719:country code top-level domain
1584:University technical college
1353:Williams, Juliet A. (2013).
660:
7:
1272:www.berkeleycitycollege.edu
1013:Heritage College Cooranbong
942:www.ohiohistorycentral.org/
811:
406:For-profit higher education
10:
2380:
2364:Education in North America
1513:College-preparatory school
1232:"Educational Services-CTE"
759:
655:Every Student Succeeds Act
607:
359:School corporal punishment
31:
29:Kindergarten to 12th grade
2301:
2280:
2250:
2213:
2173:
2166:
2110:
2069:
2013:
2004:
1967:
1958:
1898:
1891:
1753:
1718:
1629:
1606:
1597:
1523:Comprehensive high school
1493:
1452:
1424:
1414:
1254:October 29, 2013, at the
1160:P–12 Curriculum Framework
762:K–16 (education movement)
756:K–14, K–16, K–18 and K–20
394:School-to-work transition
1880:State-integrated school
1754:By funding / eligibility
1533:Continuation high school
844:
704:
647:No Child Left Behind Act
497:United States portal
43:This article is part of
2293:Educational institution
1913:Anarchistic free school
1659:Institute of technology
1165:August 4, 2014, at the
735:
215:Education policy issues
184:Environmental education
2123:Compensatory education
1875:State or public school
1701:Upper division college
1018:July 23, 2011, at the
670:
632:
352:Standards-based reform
327:Gender achievement gap
317:Racial achievement gap
250:Educational attainment
1779:Comprehensive school
1706:Vocational university
668:
627:
418:Research universities
285:Student financial aid
280:Graduate unemployment
255:Post-secondary issues
231:Primary and secondary
194:Mathematics education
2242:in the United States
2133:Continuing education
2128:Compulsory education
1972:Free school movement
1940:Single-sex education
1925:International school
1908:Democratic education
1787:For-profit education
1774:Community day school
1669:Liberal arts college
1528:Comprehensive school
1518:Collegiate institute
1323:Barnes & Noble.
1304:on September 8, 2012
1210:The Hechinger Report
1186:on December 15, 2009
1135:education.qld.gov.au
685:, respectively, of
486:Education portal
322:Desegregation busing
275:Elite overproduction
204:Vocational education
34:K12 (disambiguation)
32:For other uses, see
2251:Informal or illegal
2205:Medieval university
2148:Inclusive education
2118:College preparatory
1679:Residential college
1674:Research university
1611:Professional school
1486:/ Elementary school
1238:on October 17, 2007
695:preschool education
651:Race to the Top Act
550:secondary education
439:Levels of education
411:For-profit colleges
379:Foreign involvement
2359:Educational stages
2313:Schools portal
2218:indigenous peoples
2215:Schools imposed on
2153:Remedial education
2087:Distance education
1903:Alternative school
1892:By style / purpose
1867:Specialist school
1726:All-through school
1574:Sixth form college
1360:Nevada Law Journal
1329:Barnes & Noble
839:All-through school
768:community colleges
671:
562:tertiary education
401:Community colleges
347:School segregation
265:Cost and financing
189:Language education
2354:Educational years
2341:
2340:
2276:
2275:
2158:Special education
2138:Further education
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2000:
1999:
1987:Montessori school
1982:Laboratory school
1945:Specialist school
1883:
1870:
1815:UK private school
1800:
1782:
1764:
1749:
1748:
1714:
1713:
1649:Community college
1621:Vocational school
1503:Adult high school
1417:educational stage
1141:on August 4, 2014
1083:www.technavio.com
531:
530:
384:Special education
374:Sexual harassment
167:Medical education
121:Curriculum topics
57:
16:(Redirected from
2371:
2331:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2200:Cathedral school
2183:Platonic Academy
2171:
2170:
2143:Gifted education
2097:Prison education
2043:Parochial school
2028:Christian school
2011:
2010:
1977:Folk high school
1965:
1964:
1896:
1895:
1881:
1869:(United Kingdom)
1868:
1852:Selective school
1798:
1780:
1762:
1616:Technical school
1604:
1603:
1568:Secondary school
1472:Global influence
1439:Pre-kindergarten
1422:
1421:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1300:. Archived from
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1278:on July 23, 2018
1274:. Archived from
1264:
1258:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1234:. Archived from
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1176:
1170:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1137:. Archived from
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1110:on July 11, 2011
1106:. Archived from
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1029:
1023:
1022:, NSW, Australia
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
934:
928:
927:
925:
923:
917:The Conversation
908:
899:
898:
896:
894:
875:
858:
855:
828:
826:Education portal
823:
822:
723:pre-kindergarten
523:
516:
509:
495:
494:
493:
484:
483:
423:Community school
342:Racial diversity
312:Achievement gaps
216:
78:in insular areas
60:
56:Education in the
55:
39:
38:
21:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2307:
2305:
2297:
2272:
2246:
2237:in South Africa
2220:
2216:
2209:
2195:Monastic school
2162:
2106:
2077:Boarding school
2057:
2033:Female seminary
2023:Catholic school
1996:
1954:
1887:
1857:Separate school
1745:
1736:One-room school
1710:
1654:Graduate school
1625:
1593:
1489:
1448:
1426:Early childhood
1410:
1404:
1349:
1347:Further reading
1344:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1256:Wayback Machine
1241:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1167:Wayback Machine
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1127:
1123:
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1111:
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1097:
1087:
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1077:
1076:
1072:
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1051:
1047:
1037:
1035:
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1026:
1020:Wayback Machine
1011:
1007:
997:
995:
987:
986:
982:
972:
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946:
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861:
856:
852:
847:
824:
817:
814:
764:
758:
738:
707:
663:
610:
527:
491:
489:
488:
478:
452:Early childhood
434:
369:School violence
302:Charter schools
214:
208:
177:Nursing degrees
155:Legal education
150:Music education
145:Civic education
83:By subject area
58:
54:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2377:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
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2315:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2281:Related topics
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2268:in South Tyrol
2265:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2232:in New Zealand
2229:
2223:
2221:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
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2190:
2185:
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2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2102:Virtual school
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
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2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1992:Waldorf school
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
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1920:
1918:Sudbury school
1915:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1889:
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1885:
1877:
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1854:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1812:
1810:Private school
1807:
1802:
1794:
1792:Free education
1789:
1784:
1776:
1771:
1769:Charter school
1766:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1747:
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1728:
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1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1696:
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1666:
1664:Junior college
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
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1635:
1633:
1627:
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1618:
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1607:
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1595:
1594:
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1591:
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1581:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1563:Minor seminary
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1538:Grammar school
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1484:Primary school
1481:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1464:
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1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
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59:United States
52:
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48:
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41:
40:
35:
27:
19:
2287:
1950:Vocal school
1935:Music school
1797:Free school
1741:Ranch school
1589:Upper school
1558:Maths school
1462:First school
1444:Kindergarten
1364:
1358:
1332:. Retrieved
1328:
1318:
1306:. Retrieved
1302:the original
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1276:the original
1271:
1262:
1240:. Retrieved
1236:the original
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1209:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1184:the original
1174:
1155:
1143:. Retrieved
1139:the original
1134:
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1108:the original
1098:
1086:. Retrieved
1082:
1073:
1061:. Retrieved
1057:
1048:
1036:. Retrieved
1027:
1008:
996:. Retrieved
992:
983:
971:. Retrieved
967:
957:
945:. Retrieved
941:
932:
920:. Retrieved
916:
891:. Retrieved
882:
873:
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806:
802:
798:
765:
739:
727:
712:
708:
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690:
675:kindergarten
672:
643:
636:
633:
628:
619:
611:
538:kindergarten
533:
532:
447:
446:
364:School meals
242:
42:
26:
18:K-12 schools
2070:By location
1960:Progressive
1862:Sink school
1831:University
1820:preparatory
1548:Hauptschule
1334:February 5,
1063:February 5,
1058:nces.ed.gov
973:February 4,
947:February 4,
922:February 4,
598:South Korea
594:Philippines
566:Afghanistan
2348:Categories
2258:in Ireland
2167:Historical
2082:Day school
1694:Collegiate
1689:University
1308:August 27,
1242:August 27,
1190:January 1,
865:References
760:See also:
742:Queensland
649:, and the
542:12th grade
332:Head Start
307:Inequality
160:Law school
2263:in Greece
2227:in Canada
2006:Religious
1805:Institute
1799:(England)
1781:(British)
1763:(England)
1543:Gymnasium
1495:Secondary
1434:Preschool
661:Etymology
570:Australia
460:Secondary
244:Financing
2323:Category
2111:By scope
2038:Gurukula
1761:Academy
1719:Combined
1684:Seminary
1599:Tertiary
1282:July 23,
1252:Archived
1216:July 23,
1163:Archived
1145:July 23,
1088:July 23,
1016:Archived
998:July 23,
893:July 23,
887:Archived
834:Day care
812:See also
130:Literacy
74:By state
45:a series
2333:Commons
2053:Yeshiva
2048:Madrasa
1835:private
1644:College
1639:Academy
1454:Primary
1114:July 4,
750:Year 12
608:History
578:Ecuador
546:primary
536:, from
456:Primary
66:Summary
2188:Lyceum
1840:public
1825:public
1631:Higher
1553:Lyceum
1407:School
748:until
683:grades
602:Turkey
600:, and
592:, the
558:Canada
297:Reform
260:Bubble
1409:types
1371:: 12.
1367:(2).
845:Notes
705:Usage
623:Akron
586:India
582:Egypt
574:China
2288:K–12
1336:2018
1310:2012
1284:2018
1244:2012
1218:2018
1192:2010
1147:2018
1116:2011
1090:2018
1065:2018
1040:2016
1000:2018
975:2019
949:2019
924:2019
895:2018
746:prep
736:P–12
730:Dell
715:URLs
691:P–12
590:Iran
556:and
548:and
534:K–12
462:) –
448:K–12
76:and
1415:By
993:K12
540:to
2350::
1365:13
1363:.
1357:.
1327:.
1270:.
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1133:.
1081:.
1056:.
991:.
966:.
940:.
915:.
903:^
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