1361:, told the story of what he saw, which does not match the official account: "The general in Chief, Justo Rufino Barrios, decided, about 8 a.m., to personally command the attack on the northeast side of "Casa Blanca"; and in order to accomplish that, he sent the Jirón Brigade, whose soldiers were all Jalapas. These soldiers behaved in the most cowardly and disgraceful way. It is believed that they had been indoctrinated by some miserable traitor, one of those men without heart or conscience, one of those ungrateful people that was licking their benefactor's hand and abusing both his good heart and fortune. Unfortunately, a moment after the attack began, an enemy bullet wounded him mortally and he had to be taken off the battlefield. This sad occurrence was enough for some coward Jalapa soldiers who saw general Barrios dead, to leave their post and spread the sad news."
577:
364:
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1350:, as did his son, General Venancio Barrios, on 2 April 1885. The official liberal version is that Barrios was killed in action, alongside officer Adolfo V. Hall. However, some versions insist that a Guatemalan soldier missed a shot and killed president Barrios from behind or that there might have been a murder plot.
1244:, as it allowed to publicly sell those common Indian lots. Therefore, the fundamental characteristic of the productive system during Barrios' regime was the accumulation of large swaths of land among few owners and a sort of "farmland servitude," based on the exploitation of the native day laborers.
412:
was declared president and
Barrios commander of the armed forces. While Barrios was back in Quetzaltenago, García Granados was seen as weak by his own party members and was asked to call for elections, as the general consent was that Barrios would make a better president. Barrios was elected
1239:
had so strongly defended was confiscated and distributed among those officers who had helped him during the
Liberal Revolution in 1871. Decree # 170 (a.k.a. Census redemption decree) made it easy to confiscate those lands in favor of the army officers and the German settlers in
1195:
When a person wishes for his or her farm a batch of day laborers, he or she must request it from the
Political Chief of the Department he or she lives in, whose authority will designate which native town must provide such batch. In any case can be larger than 60 day
1281:
In 1879, a constitution was ratified for
Guatemala. This was the Republic's first as an independent nation, as the old Conservador regime had ruled by decree. In 1880, Barrios was reelected President for a six-year term. Barrios unsuccessfully attempted to get the
1168:
Barrios oversaw substantial cleaning and reconstruction of
Guatemala City, and set up a new accountable police force. He brought the first telegraph lines and railroads to the republic. He established a system of public schools in the country.
1357:, president Barrios' nephew, picked up the lifeless body of Venancio Barrios and organized the withdrawal of the Guatemalan battalions, while preparing the defense against a possible Salvadorian attack. Reyna Barrios, signing as
1191:
A day laborer can be contracted upon employer's needs, but it cannot go beyond four years. However, a day laborer cannot leave the employer's farm land until he has paid in full any debts he or she might have incurred at the
1188:
Employer obligations: employers are mandated to keep record of all accounts, where they will keep the debits and credits of each day laborer, making it known to the laborer every week by an accounting booklet.
1272:
Created the day laborer booklet: a document that proved that a day laborer had no debts to his employer. Without this document, any day laborer was at the mercy of the local authorities and the landlords.
433:
gave military backing to a group of
Guatemalan Conservatives wishing to take back the government, so Barrios declared war on the Honduran government. At the same time, Barrios, together with President
703:
He also was intolerant with his political opponents, forcing many to flee the country and building the infamous
Guatemalan Central penitentiary where he had numerous people incarcerated and tortured.
700:
Barrios had a
National Congress totally pledged to his will, and therefore was able to enact a new constitution in 1879, which allowed him to be reelected as president for another six-year term.
1269:
subject to "habilitation:" a type of forced advanced pay, which buried the day laborer in debt and then made it legal for the landlords to keep them on their land for as long as they wanted.
2093:
1983:
1310:
feared
Barrios' liberal reforms and the potential of a strong Central America as a neighbor if Barrios' plans bore fruit. Díaz sent Mexican troops to seize the disputed land of
399:
2039:
1231:
conservative regimes. Soconusco territories were given to México in exchange for their support for the
Liberal revolution in 1871 by Herrera-Mariscal treaty of 1882.
2001:
1718:
565:
The Jesuits had been expelled from the Spanish colonies back in 1765 and did not return to Guatemala until 1852. By 1871, they did not have major possessions.
2453:
1951:
2028:
404:
In July 1871, Barrios, together with other generals and dissidents, issued the "Plan for the Fatherland" proposing to overthrow Guatemala's long entrenched
1514:
Justo Rufino Barrios served as Acting President, many times between 1881 and 1883 because Miguel Garcia Granados suffered from frequent health crises.
2012:
2018:
1989:
1037:
711:
Appleton's guide for México and Guatemala from 1884, shows the twenty departments in which Guatemala was divided during Barrios' time in office:
1259:, who were eventually expelled form the country and saw their properties confiscated. This decree set the following for the native Guatemalans:
2433:
1841:
2428:
1255:, labor legislation that placed the entire native population at the disposition of the new and traditional Guatemalan landlords, except the
2423:
1505:, acting president of Guatemala, in 23 June 1882. Orantes serving with General Justo Rufino Barrios until his return on 6 January 1883.
387:
In 1867, revolt broke out in western Guatemala, which many residents wished to return to its former status of an independent state as
1944:
1266:
under control of local authorities, who were charged with ensuring that day laborers were sent to all the farms that required them.
1263:
forced by law to work on farms when the owners of the farms required them, without regard for where the native towns were located.
2448:
1878:
693:
2312:
1937:
1761:"5. Tendencias del desarrollo agrario en el siglo XIX y surgimiento de la propiedad capitalista de la tierra en Guatemala"
1968:
442:
254:
122:
2159:
2283:
576:
2241:
1733:
1298:
Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras agreed to re-form the Central American Union, but the then Salvadoran President
363:
2438:
2235:
1303:
1131:
2294:
2253:
2328:
2068:
395:, and soon proved himself a capable military leader, and in time gained the rank of general in the rebel army.
2300:
2185:
2190:
2164:
1354:
1215:
Day laborers pay day in Santa Rosa ca. 1890 according to the Day Laborer Regulations established by Barrios.
2265:
2132:
2121:
1498:
636:
388:
169:
921:
367:
Francisca Aparicio y Auyón, 1892. Francisca was Barrios' wife. After his death, she left Guatemala for
2288:
2202:
1782:
Appleton's guide to Mexico, including a chapter on Guatemala, and a complete English-Spanish vocabulary
1459:
2271:
755:
1523:
These were communities of native Guatemalans that worked for the farms and sugar mills of the friars.
900:
285:
2143:
1900:
449:
425:
Guatemalan National Penitentiary, built by Barrios to incarcerate and torture his political enemies.
409:
103:
2180:
1849:
1832:
942:
858:
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621:
335:(19 July 1835 – 2 April 1885) was a Guatemalan politician and military general who served as
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1960:
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355:
336:
303:
115:
68:
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2247:
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500 años de lucha por la tierra. Estudios sobre propiedad rual y reforma agraria en Guatemala
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963:
250:
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1343:
795:
734:
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879:
837:
8:
2364:
2007:
44:
2380:
995:
984:
2099:
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1826:
1410:
1219:
1110:
484:
1780:
1418:
1248:
1089:
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1810:
La Patria del Criollo, Ensayo de interpretación de la realidad colonial guatemalteca
2344:
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During his time in office, Barrios continued with the liberal reforms initiated by
408:(conservative) administration; soon after, they succeeded in doing so, and General
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56:
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1334:
Reformador Tower, inaugurated on July 19, 1935, by the liberal regime of general
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344:
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452:, but he was more aggressive in implementing them. A summary of his reforms is:
2318:
2175:
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1414:
1368:, where Reyna Barrios was promoted to general for his valiant battle services.
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371:, where she enjoyed the large inheritance her husband had left after his death.
1929:
490:
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1494:
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1228:
953:
827:
706:
368:
1790:
Coronado Aguilar, Manuel (1968). "Así murió el general J. Rufino Barrios".
1241:
517:
20:
1235:
During Barrios' tenure, the "Indian land" that the conservative regime of
1204:
La Patria del Criollo, interpretation essay of Guatemala Colonial reality
785:
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1347:
1302:
decided to withdraw, and sent envoys to Mexico to join in an alliance to
932:
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434:
275:
1819:
Estado y políticas de desarrollo agrario: la masacre campesina de Panzós
1330:
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1658:
1058:
375:
Barrios was known from his youth for his intellect and energy, went to
340:
271:
2077:
1353:
Upon learning about his death, the Guatemalan Army panicked; officer
1311:
1211:
806:
1655:
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848:
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1803:(in Spanish). México: Fondo de Cultura de la Universidad de México.
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1326:
Painting of General Barrios' death in Chalchuapa on April 2, 1885.
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Established civil marriage as the only official one in the country
460:
such as Morazán had done in 1829 and confiscated their properties.
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1641:
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24:
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Definitive separation between church and state: he expelled the
1873:
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Properties confiscated from the clergy by the Barrios regime
631:
School and Trentin Seminar of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción
1568:
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In order to ensure a steady supply of day laborers for the
556:
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Guatemalan administrative structure during Barrios’ tenure
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and in its place created the secular National University.
600:
1602:
1559:
1532:
Rosario Yerjabens was an anagram of Reyna Barrios name.
1286:
to mediate the disputed boundary between Guatemala and
1251:, which required many, Barrios' government decreed the
1670:
1626:
1614:
1758:
1664:
1584:
1541:
Jalapas: soldiers from the Guatemalan city of Jalapa.
1364:
On 4 April the defeated Guatemalan forces arrived in
339:
from 1873 to his death in 1885. He was known for his
1501:, since 12 August 1882, the Assembly appointed to
689:Established free and mandatory elementary schools
2405:
1789:
1700:
1590:
686:Established secular education across the country
1959:
1807:
1688:
1649:
170:Provisional Head of the Government of Guatemala
31: and the second or maternal family name is
1374:General Barrios tomb in Guatemala City in 2014
2454:Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala alumni
1945:
1413:bill in Guatemala, and the city and port of
123:President of the Republic of Central America
1798:
1726:Revista del archivo y biblioteca nacionales
1608:
441:, declared an intention to reunify the old
379:to study law, and became a lawyer in 1862.
1952:
1938:
1816:
1812:(in Spanish). México: Ediciones en Marcha.
1716:
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1572:
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1778:
1632:
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1329:
1321:
1218:
1210:
1183:(NOTE: Only main sections are presented)
420:
362:
354:
144:28 February 1885 – 2 April 1885
16:President of Guatemala from 1873 to 1885
1848:(in Spanish). Guatemala. Archived from
683:Civil records superseded religious ones
657:were obliterated by presidential order.
2406:
2434:Liberal Party (Guatemala) politicians
1933:
1839:
1759:Castellanos Cambranes, Julio (1992).
1596:
1493:Justo Rufino Barrios had to leave to
1342:Justo Rufino Barrios died during the
1338:in celebration of Barrios Centennial.
2429:Guatemalan people of Spanish descent
1785:. New York: D. Appleton and Company.
1717:Barrientos, Alfonso Enrique (1948).
1508:
391:. Barrios joined with the rebels in
343:reforms and his attempts to reunite
1969:Federal Republic of Central America
1487:
1409:Today, his portrait is on the five
694:Pontifical University of San Carlos
443:United Provinces of Central America
255:Federal Republic of Central America
182:30 June 1871 – 4 June 1873
81:4 June 1873 – 2 April 1885
13:
1996:direct central rule, 1826–27
1979:direct central rule, 1823–24
14:
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2424:People from San Marcos Department
1866:
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1808:Martínez Peláez, Severo (1990).
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55:
1732:(3–4). Honduras. Archived from
1709:
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653:Church building and housing in
429:The Conservative government in
2449:19th-century Guatemalan people
1517:
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1:
1842:"Jesús de las Tres Potencias"
1548:
614:Large extensions of farm land
537:Large extensions of farm land
504:Large extensions of farm land
416:
359:Barrios' house in San Lorenzo
350:
1799:De los Ríos, Efraín (1948).
1779:Conkling, Alfred R. (1884).
1553:
1499:treaty of limits with Mexico
23:, the first or paternal
7:
1961:Heads of state of Guatemala
1424:
1223:Guatemala territory during
674:members and the archbishop.
637:Congregation of the Oratory
10:
2470:
1665:Castellanos Cambranes 1992
1585:Castellanos Cambranes 1992
1460:History of Central America
1202:From: Martínez Peláez, S.
1172:
400:Liberal Revolution of 1871
397:
333:Justo Rufino Barrios Auyón
234:Justo Rufino Barrios Auyón
18:
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1817:Mendizábal, A.B. (n.d.).
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215:(as First Vice President)
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85:
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67:
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42:
1840:Ortiz, Oscar G. (2007).
1821:(in Spanish). Guatemala.
1794:(in Spanish). Guatemala.
1719:"Ramón Rosa y Guatemala"
1480:
1355:José María Reyna Barrios
1317:
1284:United States of America
622:Archdiocese of Guatemala
2439:Presidents of Guatemala
1974:Supreme Chiefs of State
1846:Cuaresma y Semana Santa
1470:Presidents of Guatemala
1253:Day Laborer regulations
1181:Day Laborer regulations
479:Confiscated properties
1918:Alejandro M. Sinibaldi
1908:President of Guatemala
1901:Miguel García Granados
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1294:Central American Union
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450:Miguel García Granados
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337:President of Guatemala
304:Celia Barrios de Reyna
190:Miguel García Granados
116:Alejandro M. Sinibaldi
104:Miguel García Granados
93:Alejandro M. Sinibaldi
69:President of Guatemala
2078:Republic of Guatemala
1801:Ombres contra Hombres
1701:Coronado Aguilar 1968
1497:in order to sign the
1336:Jorge Ubico Castañeda
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891:Santa Cruz del Quiché
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1881:at Wikimedia Commons
1879:Justo Rufino Barrios
1831:: CS1 maint: year (
1774:. Guatemala: FLACSO.
1753:Justo Rufino Barrios
1689:Martínez Peláez 1990
1650:Martínez Peláez 1990
1475:Torre del Reformador
1465:History of Guatemala
1450:Biography portal
1438:Guatemala portal
1344:Battle of Chalchuapa
1306:. Mexican President
720:Area (square miles)
200:Position established
154:Position established
49:Justo Rufino Barrios
1852:on 22 February 2007
1739:on 19 December 2014
729:Capital population
466:
413:president in 1873.
45:General of Division
1972:(1823–1839);
1893:Political offices
1503:José María Orantes
1421:, bears his name.
1340:
1328:
1249:coffee plantations
1233:
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680:Secular cemeteries
485:Order of Preachers
464:
427:
373:
361:
295:Francisca Aparicio
257:(now in Guatemala)
210:Position abolished
164:Position abolished
90:José María Orantes
2401:
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1928:
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1915:Succeeded by
1877:Media related to
1359:Rosario Yerjabens
1304:overthrow Barrios
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666:Forbid mandatory
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1867:External links
1865:
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1837:
1814:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1776:
1770:(in Spanish).
1756:
1751:Burgess, Paul
1749:
1728:(in Spanish).
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1693:
1691:, p. 854.
1681:
1677:Mendizábal n.d
1669:
1667:, p. 316.
1654:
1652:, p. 842.
1637:
1635:, p. 335.
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1366:Guatemala City
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1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1257:regular clergy
1237:Rafael Carrera
1225:Rafael Carrera
1198:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1143:Cuajiniquilapa
1140:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1002:
1001:
998:
993:
990:
987:
981:
980:
977:
972:
969:
966:
960:
959:
956:
951:
948:
945:
939:
938:
935:
930:
927:
924:
918:
917:
914:
909:
906:
903:
897:
896:
893:
888:
885:
882:
876:
875:
872:
867:
864:
861:
855:
854:
851:
846:
843:
840:
834:
833:
830:
825:
822:
819:
813:
812:
809:
804:
801:
798:
792:
791:
788:
783:
780:
777:
773:
772:
769:
764:
761:
758:
752:
751:
748:
746:Guatemala City
743:
740:
737:
731:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
708:
705:
698:
697:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:secular clergy
661:
660:
659:
658:
655:Guatemala City
649:
646:
639:
633:
632:
629:
626:
624:
618:
617:
616:
615:
612:
607:
604:
597:
595:Conceptionists
591:
590:
589:
588:
583:
580:
573:
567:
566:
563:
560:
553:
547:
546:
545:
544:
541:
538:
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530:
527:
520:
514:
513:
512:
511:
508:
505:
502:
497:
494:
487:
481:
480:
477:
474:
471:
470:Regular order
462:
461:
458:regular clergy
418:
415:
398:Main article:
393:Quetzaltenango
384:
381:
377:Guatemala City
352:
349:
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
316:
315:
314:Guatemala City
312:
308:
307:
301:
297:
296:
293:
289:
288:
283:
279:
278:
269:(aged 49)
263:
259:
258:
233:
231:
227:
226:
222:
221:
218:
217:
208:
202:
201:
198:
192:
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173:
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166:
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156:
155:
152:
146:
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135:
134:
129:
126:
125:
119:
118:
113:
107:
106:
101:
95:
94:
87:
83:
82:
72:
71:
65:
64:
61:
60:
52:
51:
48:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2466:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2387:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2324:Serrano Elías
2322:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2094:López Requena
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2081:(since 1839);
2079:
2075:
2070:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1923:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1896:
1891:
1883:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1788:
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1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1703:, p. 15.
1702:
1697:
1690:
1685:
1678:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1633:Conkling 1884
1629:
1622:
1621:Conkling 1884
1617:
1611:, p. 34.
1610:
1605:
1598:
1593:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1495:New York City
1490:
1486:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1417:, capital of
1416:
1412:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1369:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1308:Porfirio Díaz
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1230:
1229:Vicente Cerna
1226:
1221:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1170:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
994:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
978:
976:
973:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
957:
955:
954:Huehuetenango
952:
949:
946:
944:
943:Huehuetenango
941:
940:
936:
934:
931:
928:
925:
923:
922:Suchitepéquez
920:
919:
915:
913:
912:Quezaltenango
910:
907:
904:
902:
901:Quezaltenango
899:
898:
894:
892:
889:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
873:
871:
868:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
852:
850:
847:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
831:
829:
828:Chimaltenango
826:
823:
820:
818:
817:Chimaltenango
815:
814:
810:
808:
805:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
789:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
774:
770:
768:
765:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
749:
747:
744:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
715:
712:
704:
701:
695:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
669:
665:
664:
656:
652:
651:
650:
647:
644:
640:
638:
635:
634:
630:
627:
625:
623:
620:
619:
613:
610:
609:
608:
605:
602:
598:
596:
593:
592:
586:
585:
584:
581:
578:
574:
572:
569:
568:
564:
561:
558:
554:
552:
549:
548:
542:
539:
536:
533:
532:
531:
528:
525:
521:
519:
516:
515:
509:
506:
503:
500:
499:
498:
495:
492:
488:
486:
483:
482:
478:
475:
473:Coat of arms
472:
469:
468:
459:
455:
454:
453:
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
423:
414:
411:
407:
401:
396:
394:
390:
383:Rise to power
380:
378:
370:
369:New York City
365:
357:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:
298:
294:
290:
287:
284:
280:
277:
273:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
232:
228:
223:
219:
209:
203:
199:
193:
189:
185:
179:
174:
171:
167:
163:
157:
153:
147:
141:
136:
132:
127:
124:
120:
117:
114:
108:
105:
102:
96:
91:
88:
84:
78:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
53:
46:
41:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
2360:Pérez Molina
2203:Ponce Vaides
2148:
1995:
1994:
1978:
1921:
1906:
1885:(in Spanish)
1854:. Retrieved
1850:the original
1845:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1792:El Imparcial
1791:
1781:
1771:
1767:
1752:
1741:. Retrieved
1734:the original
1729:
1725:
1710:Bibliography
1696:
1684:
1672:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1592:
1580:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1489:
1408:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1341:
1297:
1280:
1252:
1246:
1234:
1206:México. 1990
1203:
1200:
1178:
1167:
756:Sacatepéquez
717:Departament
710:
702:
699:
587:Monasterires
518:Mercedarians
476:Clergy type
447:
428:
406:Conservadora
405:
403:
386:
374:
332:
331:
322:Army General
267:(1885-04-02)
265:2 April 1885
244:19 July 1835
206:Succeeded by
177:
160:Succeeded by
139:
130:
111:Succeeded by
76:
37:
32:
28:
21:Spanish name
2444:Positivists
2419:1885 deaths
2414:1835 births
2008:de Aycinena
1348:El Salvador
1277:Second term
1179:Decree #177
933:Mazatenango
870:Totonicapan
859:Totonicapán
723:Population
692:Closed the
611:Monasteries
540:Sugar mills
534:Monasteries
507:Sugar mills
501:Monasteries
435:Luis Bogran
276:El Salvador
247:San Lorenzo
196:Preceded by
150:Preceded by
131:Provisional
99:Preceded by
2408:Categories
2395:† military
2376:Giammattei
2307:Ríos Montt
2170:M. Estrada
2083:Presidents
2040:Valenzuela
2002:J. Estrada
1597:Ortiz 2007
1549:References
1158:1,198,500
1132:Santa Rosa
1059:Chiquimula
1048:Chiquimula
975:San Márcos
964:San Márcos
776:Amatitlán
670:to weaken
417:Government
351:Early life
319:Profession
272:Chalchuapa
251:San Marcos
240:1835-07-19
2391:* interim
2365:Maldonado
2154:Sinibaldi
2019:Barrundia
1990:Barrundia
1827:cite book
1554:Citations
1312:Soconusco
1196:laborers.
807:Escuintla
796:Escuintla
786:Amatitlán
735:Guatemala
571:Recoletos
389:Los Altos
311:Residence
300:Relatives
187:President
178:In office
140:In office
77:In office
2345:Portillo
2295:Laugerud
2272:Ydígoras
2248:Castillo
2219:Toriello
2181:Orellana
2160:Barillas
2133:Aycinena
2110:Martínez
1922:(acting)
1743:18 March
1425:See also
1013:100,000
971:100,000
866:114,000
742:100,000
726:Capital
439:Honduras
431:Honduras
306:(sister)
19:In this
2381:Arévalo
2371:Morales
2335:de León
2278:Peralta
2260:Mendoza
2208:Junta (
2176:Herrera
2149:Barrios
2128:Carrera
2122:Paredes
2116:Escobar
2105:Carrera
2052:Salazar
2029:Márquez
2013:Zenteno
1856:2 March
1411:quetzal
1242:Verapaz
1173:Economy
1155:50,600
1139:38,500
1122:Jutiapa
1118:38,000
1111:Jutiapa
1076:28,000
1063:12,000
1055:70,000
1010:11,200
1006:Verapaz
992:14,000
989:13,200
979:12,600
958:16,000
950:90,000
937:11,500
929:69,000
916:22,000
908:94,000
887:75,000
874:25,000
853:15,000
845:80,000
824:60,000
811:10,000
803:30,000
790:14,000
782:38,000
771:15,000
763:48,000
750:50,000
668:tithing
648:Secular
628:Secular
606:Regular
582:Regular
562:Regular
529:Regular
496:Regular
341:liberal
286:Liberal
29:Barrios
25:surname
2350:Berger
2329:Espina
2319:Cerezo
2284:Méndez
2266:Flores
2242:Monzón
2231:Árbenz
2215:Árbenz
2186:Chacón
2100:Rivera
2089:Rivera
2058:Rivera
2046:Rivera
2035:Gálvez
2024:Molina
1419:Izabal
1288:Mexico
1152:Total
1147:5,000
1136:1,100
1126:7,000
1115:1,700
1105:4,000
1101:Jalapa
1097:8,600
1090:Jalapa
1084:4,000
1080:Zacapa
1073:4,400
1069:Zacapa
1052:2,200
1038:Izabal
1034:3,400
1031:1,500
1027:Izabal
1021:8,000
1017:Salamá
1000:2,200
996:Flores
947:4,550
926:2,500
895:6,300
884:1,300
880:Quiché
849:Sololá
838:Sololá
832:6,300
800:1,950
292:Spouse
86:Deputy
2355:Colom
2301:Lucas
2289:Arana
2211:Arana
2197:Ubico
2191:Reina
2165:Reina
2139:Cerna
1764:(PDF)
1737:(PDF)
1722:(PDF)
1481:Notes
1318:Death
1192:time.
985:Petén
33:Auyón
2340:Arzú
2236:Díaz
1984:Díaz
1858:2015
1833:link
1745:2015
1227:and
1094:450
1042:750
968:750
905:450
863:700
842:700
821:800
779:200
760:250
739:700
262:Died
230:Born
2217:†,
2213:†,
2205:* †
1346:in
437:of
27:is
2410::
2393:;
1844:.
1829:}}
1825:{{
1766:.
1730:27
1724:.
1657:^
1640:^
1561:^
1314:.
1290:.
445:.
347:.
274:,
253:,
249:,
2367:*
2331:*
2315:†
2309:†
2303:†
2297:†
2291:†
2280:†
2274:†
2268:*
2262:†
2256:*
2250:†
2244:†
2238:*
2222:)
2199:†
2193:*
2172:†
2156:*
2135:*
2124:*
2118:*
2112:*
2096:*
2060:*
2054:*
2048:*
2042:*
2031:*
2015:*
2004:*
1986:*
1953:e
1946:t
1939:v
1860:.
1835:)
1772:1
1747:.
1679:.
1599:.
1587:.
242:)
238:(
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
