199:, Learned founded Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, an organization aimed at addressing tribal poverty across the state. She was appointed director of the organization in 1971. She returned to tribal politics and was re-elected to the business committee in 1977. Learned served that year and then again from 1982 to 1992 without a break in service. She became the first woman to serve as tribal chair in 1982, and served a two-year-term. During her term, she led protests against the closure of the Concho Indian School and obtained an injunction from the
33:
227:, former tribal treasurer; and Mike Shadaram, previously the tribe's financial director, were "convicted of converting tribal money to their personal use by filing falsified claims for payments". Learned was ordered to pay $ 400 in restitution and was placed on a two-year probation, while the other committee members were given 12- to 15-month prison terms. She appealed her conviction, which was posthumously dismissed in 1996 by the
192:
case was tried, the ruling favored
Learned, and a new election was held in 1966, where she as well as two other women won council seats. She did not serve the following term, but was re-elected in 1970. She served as tribal treasurer that year and Native Americans at the 50th Anniversary meeting of the US Department of Labor's Women's Division in Washington.
191:
In 1965, Learned was a write in candidate for the 1966â1967 term on the
Cheynne-Arapaho Business Committee. Because votes for her were not counted in the results, she obtained an injunction from the federal district court to stop the elected delegates from Canton from sitting on the council. When the
206:
Learned became tribal chair again in 1988, serving through 1990 and in that year was elected to serve as the chair of the
Oklahoma Indian Gaming Commission, as well as being re-elected tribal chair. In 1990, she went to Washington, D.C., along with other tribal leaders, in an attempt to reclaim the
167:. She was raised on the farm of her grandparents, Howling Buffalo, also known as Howard Lincoln, and Crazy Wolf (nÊe Myrtle Badman), also known as Myrtle Howling Buffalo or Myrtle Lincoln. She attended the
219:
in 1991. The following year, she was named to serve on the board of the
Oklahoma Institute of Indian Heritage, an organization formed to assist in the development of Native American tourism in the state.
1310:
1175:. Washington, D.C.: Office of Indian Affairs, National Archives and Records Administration. April 16, 1930. p. 2. NARA microfilm series M595, roll #31, lines 1096
885:
200:
1045:
1023:
1128:
1107:
1166:
228:
986:
753:
243:. Two of her sons, Brent and Matt, became artists and her son John became a founder and the executive director of the Great Plains Indian Center in
1421:
1094:. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. April 1, 1934. p. 104. NARA microfilm series 595, roll #32, lines 1081â1090
1074:. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. April 1, 1931. p. 90. NARA microfilm series 595, roll #31, lines 1086â1095
854:
1054:. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. April 16, 1930. p. 6A. NARA microfilm series T626, roll #1893, lines 3â10
1032:. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. April 16, 1930. p. 6A. NARA microfilm series T626, roll #1893, lines 3â10
1137:. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. May 17, 1940. p. 5B. NARA microfilm series T627, roll #3277, lines 41â48
1116:. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. May 17, 1940. p. 5A. NARA microfilm series T627, roll #3277, lines 38â40
1431:
1426:
203:
to stop the closure. Despite their efforts, the school was closed in 1983, though the school buildings were returned to the tribe in 1985.
1278:
1411:
1348:
1441:
1406:
1324:
212:
1416:
843:
895:
151:
Juanita
Howling Buffalo (also Juanita Lincoln and Juanita Chiefly) was born on September 6, 1930, in Carlton Township, near
1446:
261:
818:
1364:
309:
183:. The couple would marry in 1953 and after their military service returned to Oklahoma, later having 10 children.
722:
743:
215:. Learned was appointed to serve with representatives from other tribes on an advisory board to reorganize the
168:
1167:"Births Occurring Between the Dates of April 1, 1930 and March 31, 1931 to Parents Enrolled at Jurisdiction"
976:
958:
810:
1087:
179:. During her service, while stationed in South Carolina, she met John W. Learned, who was serving in the
160:
128:
1067:
1198:
180:
953:
216:
770:
1369:
1188:
240:
156:
64:
1230:
1003:
932:
912:
696:
1294:
1268:
1252:
1150:
1214:
804:
829:
244:
176:
1340:
223:
In 1995, Learned, along with
Senator Mike Combs, who had served as tribal business manager;
1401:
1396:
1315:
1193:
890:
208:
140:
136:
139:
from closing, as well as actions to return the school building, and land and buildings of
8:
864:. No. 3. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Alumni Association. pp. 21â25.
701:
405:
452:
450:
855:"Time Traveler: Brent Learned's Palette Elicits Fresh Appreciation for Plains Indians"
865:
839:
814:
784:
645:
172:
447:
1436:
1320:
333:
152:
60:
432:
835:
775:
714:
196:
1390:
1273:
1235:
981:
869:
788:
748:
558:
82:
1161:(13). Tecumseh, Oklahoma: Citizens Band Potawatomi Tribe: 11. February 1991.
806:
Tribal
Sovereignty and the Historical Imagination: Cheyenne-Arapaho Politics
1225:(3). Tecumseh, Oklahoma: Citizens Band Potawatomi Tribe: 7. September 1983.
1171:
1133:
1112:
1050:
1028:
603:
588:
543:
1263:(5). Tecumseh, Oklahoma: Citizens Band Potawatomi Tribe: 15. Spring 1988.
489:
224:
211:, which had been vacated by the military in 1948 and transferred to the
1305:(7). Tecumseh, Oklahoma: Citizens Band Potawatomi Tribe: 14. July 1992.
127:(September 6, 1930 â August 26, 1996) was the first woman to chair the
509:
507:
32:
504:
285:
164:
132:
783:(29). Bethesda, Maryland: Editorial Projects in Education, Inc.
465:
231:, which also reversed the convictions against Combs and Hatch.
175:. After finishing her schooling, Howling Buffalo served in the
1046:"1930 U.S. Census: Carlton Township, Blaine County, Oklahoma"
1024:"1930 U.S. Census: Carlton Township, Blaine County, Oklahoma"
1151:"Advisory Task Force to Reorganize Bureau of Indian Affairs"
1129:"1940 U.S. Census: Canton Township, Blaine County, Oklahoma"
1108:"1940 U.S. Census: Canton Township, Blaine County, Oklahoma"
1002:
Shannonhouse, R. Claire; Biskupic, Joan M. (April 7, 1983).
633:
159:, to Rose Howling Buffalo. Her family were members of the
420:
201:
United States
District Court for the District of Columbia
578:
576:
1363:
1339:
660:
411:
327:
291:
279:
1239:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. August 28, 1996. p. 22
369:
359:
357:
355:
353:
351:
623:
621:
573:
1309:
1001:
886:"Our Mothers Helped Define American Indian Identity"
519:
513:
477:
456:
393:
381:
229:
United States Court of
Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
1347:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. 1996.
1229:
1004:"Indians Planning Protest of Concho School Closing"
697:"Ex-Tribal Officials' Convictions Reversed (pt. 1)"
672:
651:
531:
348:
1187:
618:
438:
339:
297:
1311:"Man Plans American Indian Center in Kansas City"
828:Hirschfelder, Arlene; Molin, Paulette F. (2012).
827:
471:
1388:
1373:. Lawton, Oklahoma. December 21, 1971. p. 4
1189:"Bitterness Tempers Final Graduations at Concho"
831:The Extraordinary Book of Native American Lists
1295:"Levier Elected to Position on Heritage Board"
1267:
1086:
1066:
564:
271:
267:
721:Boczkiewicz, Robert E. (October 17, 1996).
695:Boczkiewicz, Robert E. (October 17, 1996).
694:
639:
146:
1277:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. June 11, 1990.
771:"Plan To Shut Indian School Sparks Outcry"
31:
1106:
1044:
1022:
852:
666:
375:
323:
319:
315:
275:
1293:
1251:
1213:
1149:
913:"Cheyenne-Arapaho Eye Fort Reno (pt. 1)"
768:
744:"Indians to Use Concho School Buildings"
609:
594:
549:
525:
495:
171:and then furthered her education at the
1422:20th-century American women politicians
894:. Kansas City, Missouri. Archived from
883:
741:
678:
537:
135:and was known for her work to keep the
1389:
1165:
1088:"1934 Indian Census: Cheyenne Arapaho"
1068:"1931 Indian Census: Cheyenne Arapaho"
974:
951:
939:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. p. S-2
919:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. p. S-1
910:
802:
627:
582:
483:
426:
399:
387:
363:
303:
1231:"Ex-Tribal Leader Dies before Appeal"
1010:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. p. 11
977:"Ex-Tribal Official Gets Prison Term"
1432:Haskell Indian Junior College alumni
729:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. p. 2
705:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. p. 1
239:Learned died on August 26, 1996, in
1427:People from Blaine County, Oklahoma
1351:from the original on August 1, 2020
1281:from the original on August 1, 2020
989:from the original on August 1, 2020
884:Learned, John (November 22, 2017).
756:from the original on August 3, 2020
742:Brawley, Chris (February 6, 1985).
234:
13:
1412:20th-century Native American women
14:
1458:
1442:Native American women in politics
1407:20th-century American politicians
975:Parker, John (October 31, 1995).
931:Medley, Robert (April 16, 1990).
911:Medley, Robert (April 16, 1990).
769:Bridgman, Anne (April 11, 1984).
514:Shannonhouse & Biskupic 1983
1323:. June 24, 2014. Archived from
962:. Fort Worth, Texas. p. B1
687:
954:"Her Goal: Rights for Indians"
952:Miller, Patsy (May 28, 1970).
1:
1417:20th-century Native Americans
472:Hirschfelder & Molin 2012
250:
959:The Fort Worth Star-Telegram
811:University of Nebraska Press
328:Smithsonian Institution 1996
292:Smithsonian Institution 1996
280:Smithsonian Institution 1996
255:
7:
1381:– via Newspapers.com.
1365:"New Director of OIO Named"
1253:"Fishery Count Up for 1987"
1247:– via Newspapers.com.
1209:– via Newspapers.com.
1018:– via Newspapers.com.
985:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
970:– via Newspapers.com.
947:– via Newspapers.com.
927:– via Newspapers.com.
752:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
737:– via Newspapers.com.
161:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
129:Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
10:
1463:
1447:Women in Oklahoma politics
1201:. May 16, 1982. p. 7b
1199:United Press International
181:United States Marine Corps
853:Lazzarino, Chris (2006).
213:Department of Agriculture
186:
114:
106:
98:
90:
71:
42:
30:
23:
1269:"Gaming Leaders Elected"
803:Fowler, Loretta (2002).
217:Bureau of Indian Affairs
147:Early life and education
1370:The Lawton Constitution
413:The Lawton Constitution
241:Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
207:land and facilities of
157:Blaine County, Oklahoma
94:Juanita Lincoln Learned
65:Blaine County, Oklahoma
47:Juanita Howling Buffalo
1215:"Board Chairman Named"
862:Kansas Alumni Magazine
102:Cheyenne-Arapaho chair
1197:. Sapulpa, Oklahoma.
809:. Lincoln, Nebraska:
245:Kansas City, Missouri
163:in Oklahoma and were
1345:womenshistory.si.edu
1316:The Washington Times
898:on November 23, 2017
891:The Kansas City Star
834:. Lanham, Maryland:
458:The Washington Times
169:Concho Indian School
137:Concho Indian School
1319:. Washington, D.C.
1236:The Daily Oklahoman
1008:The Daily Oklahoman
937:The Daily Oklahoman
917:The Daily Oklahoman
727:The Daily Oklahoman
702:The Daily Oklahoman
653:The Daily Oklahoman
429:, pp. 186â187.
16:American politician
1194:The Sapulpa Herald
440:The Sapulpa Herald
341:The Sapulpa Herald
326:, pp. 5Aâ5B;
272:Indian Census 1934
268:Indian Census 1931
177:Women's Army Corps
125:Juanita L. Learned
25:Juanita L. Learned
845:978-0-8108-7710-8
173:Haskell Institute
122:
121:
107:Years active
57:September 6, 1930
1454:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1327:on June 26, 2014
1321:Associated Press
1306:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1264:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1226:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1162:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1019:
1017:
1015:
998:
996:
994:
971:
969:
967:
948:
946:
944:
928:
926:
924:
907:
905:
903:
880:
878:
876:
859:
849:
824:
799:
797:
795:
765:
763:
761:
738:
736:
734:
718:
712:
710:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
649:
643:
640:Boczkiewicz 1996
637:
631:
625:
616:
607:
601:
592:
586:
580:
571:
562:
556:
547:
541:
535:
529:
523:
517:
511:
502:
493:
487:
481:
475:
469:
463:
454:
445:
436:
430:
424:
418:
409:
403:
397:
391:
385:
379:
373:
367:
361:
346:
337:
331:
313:
307:
301:
295:
289:
283:
265:
235:Death and legacy
165:Southern Arapaho
133:Southern Arapaho
91:Other names
78:
56:
54:
35:
21:
20:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1376:
1374:
1354:
1352:
1330:
1328:
1284:
1282:
1242:
1240:
1204:
1202:
1178:
1176:
1140:
1138:
1127:
1119:
1117:
1097:
1095:
1077:
1075:
1057:
1055:
1035:
1033:
1013:
1011:
992:
990:
965:
963:
942:
940:
930:
922:
920:
901:
899:
874:
872:
857:
846:
836:Scarecrow Press
821:
793:
791:
759:
757:
732:
730:
723:"Tribe (pt. 2)"
720:
708:
706:
690:
685:
677:
673:
665:
661:
650:
646:
642:, pp. 1â2.
638:
634:
626:
619:
608:
604:
593:
589:
581:
574:
563:
559:
548:
544:
536:
532:
524:
520:
512:
505:
494:
490:
482:
478:
470:
466:
455:
448:
437:
433:
425:
421:
410:
406:
398:
394:
386:
382:
374:
370:
362:
349:
338:
334:
314:
310:
302:
298:
290:
286:
274:, p. 104;
266:
262:
258:
253:
237:
189:
149:
86:
80:
76:
75:August 26, 1996
67:
58:
52:
50:
49:
48:
38:
37:Learned in 1970
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1460:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1384:
1383:
1361:
1337:
1307:
1291:
1265:
1249:
1227:
1211:
1185:
1163:
1147:
1104:
1084:
1064:
1042:
1020:
999:
972:
949:
933:"Land (pt. 2)"
908:
881:
850:
844:
825:
819:
800:
776:Education Week
766:
739:
715:Newspapers.com
691:
689:
686:
684:
683:
671:
667:Lazzarino 2006
659:
644:
632:
617:
602:
587:
585:, p. S-1.
572:
557:
542:
530:
518:
503:
488:
476:
464:
446:
431:
419:
404:
402:, p. 129.
392:
390:, p. 133.
380:
376:Lazzarino 2006
368:
347:
332:
324:US Census 1940
322:, p. 6A;
320:US Census 1930
318:, p. 2B;
316:US Census 1910
308:
296:
284:
278:, p. 5B;
276:US Census 1940
270:, p. 90;
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
236:
233:
197:LaDonna Harris
188:
185:
148:
145:
143:to her tribe.
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
81:
79:(aged 65)
73:
69:
68:
59:
46:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1459:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1274:The Oklahoman
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1009:
1005:
1000:
988:
984:
983:
982:The Oklahoman
978:
973:
961:
960:
955:
950:
938:
934:
918:
914:
909:
897:
893:
892:
887:
882:
871:
867:
863:
856:
851:
847:
841:
837:
833:
832:
826:
822:
820:0-8032-2013-8
816:
812:
808:
807:
801:
790:
786:
782:
778:
777:
772:
767:
755:
751:
750:
749:The Oklahoman
745:
740:
728:
724:
716:
704:
703:
698:
693:
692:
680:
675:
669:, p. 25.
668:
663:
657:, p. 22.
656:
654:
648:
641:
636:
629:
624:
622:
615:, p. 14.
614:
612:
606:
600:, p. 11.
599:
597:
591:
584:
579:
577:
569:
567:
566:The Oklahoman
561:
555:, p. 15.
554:
552:
546:
539:
534:
527:
526:Bridgman 1984
522:
516:, p. 11.
515:
510:
508:
500:
498:
492:
486:, p. 86.
485:
480:
474:, p. 52.
473:
468:
461:
459:
453:
451:
443:
441:
435:
428:
423:
416:
414:
408:
401:
396:
389:
384:
378:, p. 23.
377:
372:
366:, p. B1.
365:
360:
358:
356:
354:
352:
345:, p. 7b.
344:
342:
336:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
305:
300:
293:
288:
281:
277:
273:
269:
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144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
83:Oklahoma City
74:
70:
66:
62:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1375:. Retrieved
1368:
1353:. Retrieved
1344:
1329:. Retrieved
1325:the original
1314:
1302:
1298:
1283:. Retrieved
1272:
1260:
1256:
1241:. Retrieved
1234:
1222:
1218:
1203:. Retrieved
1192:
1177:. Retrieved
1172:FamilySearch
1170:
1158:
1154:
1139:. Retrieved
1134:FamilySearch
1132:
1118:. Retrieved
1113:FamilySearch
1111:
1096:. Retrieved
1091:
1076:. Retrieved
1071:
1056:. Retrieved
1051:FamilySearch
1049:
1034:. Retrieved
1029:FamilySearch
1027:
1012:. Retrieved
1007:
991:. Retrieved
980:
964:. Retrieved
957:
941:. Retrieved
936:
921:. Retrieved
916:
900:. Retrieved
896:the original
889:
873:. Retrieved
861:
830:
805:
792:. Retrieved
780:
774:
758:. Retrieved
747:
731:. Retrieved
726:
713:– via
707:. Retrieved
700:
688:Bibliography
679:Learned 2017
674:
662:
652:
647:
635:
610:
605:
595:
590:
565:
560:
550:
545:
538:Brawley 1985
533:
521:
501:, p. 7.
496:
491:
479:
467:
457:
439:
434:
422:
417:, p. 4.
412:
407:
395:
383:
371:
340:
335:
311:
306:, p. 2.
299:
287:
263:
238:
222:
205:
194:
190:
150:
124:
123:
77:(1996-08-26)
18:
1402:1996 deaths
1397:1930 births
1341:"My Mother"
1092:archive.org
1072:archive.org
628:Parker 1995
583:Medley 1990
484:Fowler 2002
427:Fowler 2002
400:Fowler 2002
388:Fowler 2002
364:Miller 1970
304:Births 1931
225:Viola Hatch
1391:Categories
251:References
131:. She was
99:Occupation
85:, Oklahoma
53:1930-09-06
1377:August 2,
1355:August 2,
1331:August 3,
1285:August 2,
1243:August 2,
1205:August 2,
1179:August 2,
1141:August 2,
1120:August 2,
1098:August 2,
1078:August 2,
1058:August 2,
1036:August 2,
1014:August 3,
993:August 2,
966:August 2,
943:August 3,
923:August 3,
902:August 3,
875:August 2,
870:0745-3345
794:August 3,
789:0277-4232
760:August 3,
733:August 3,
709:August 3,
256:Citations
209:Fort Reno
141:Fort Reno
110:1965â1993
1349:Archived
1299:HowNiKan
1279:Archived
1257:HowNiKan
1219:HowNiKan
1155:HowNiKan
987:Archived
754:Archived
611:HowNiKan
596:HowNiKan
551:HowNiKan
497:HowNiKan
115:Children
1437:Arapaho
868:
842:
817:
787:
187:Career
153:Canton
61:Canton
858:(PDF)
195:With
1379:2020
1357:2020
1333:2020
1287:2020
1245:2020
1207:2020
1181:2020
1143:2020
1126:and
1122:2020
1100:2020
1080:2020
1060:2020
1038:2020
1016:2020
995:2020
968:2020
945:2020
929:and
925:2020
904:2020
877:2020
866:ISSN
840:ISBN
815:ISBN
796:2020
785:ISSN
762:2020
735:2020
719:and
711:2020
655:1996
613:1992
598:1991
568:1990
553:1988
499:1983
460:2014
442:1982
415:1971
343:1982
72:Died
43:Born
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