635:
whom they were disciples of
Professor Miguel Morazán at the Central Normal School for Boys, (from the Spanish "Escuela Normal Central para Varones"). Martínez Mont and Arévalo were since then close friends; they studied teaching together and by 1923 they were already exemplary teachers at the Central Normal School for Boys. They also embarked on the creation of a literary magazine, which they called Alba and although it only had four issues, it published texts by renowned Guatemalan writers Rafael Arévalo Martínez, Flavio Herrera and Carlos Wyld Ospina. In 1927, as part of their educational project, the government of General Lázaro Chacón had called a contest for teachers, where the best would be awarded scholarships to study pedagogy abroad; both won: Martínez Mont left for Switzerland and Arévalo for Argentina.
353:
1614:
776:
812:, removed government officials with ties to the communist newspaper and shut down the Marxist instruction facility known as Escuela Claridad. Regardless of the aforementioned measures, Arévalo endured nearly 30 attempted coups from members of the Guatemalan military due to his perceived empathy for communists. He responded to anti-communists' attacks in a speech to the U.S. Congress in which he said, referring to World War II, "I fear the West has won the battle, but in its blind attacks on social welfare will lose the war to fascism."
227:
85:
44:
627:
187:
808:'s materialist tendency and affirmed that "Communism is contrary to human nature, for it is contrary to the psychology of man". Spiritual socialism's anti-communist stance was apparent through Arévalo's suppression of various communist influenced initiatives operating in Guatemala. The president exiled several communist activists, declined to legalize the
796:
restriction of civil rights in the event individual liberties conflict with national security and the will of the majority. The limit on civil rights appears contradictory to the notion of a
Guatemalan government that expresses the free will of the people. However, the ambiguity is associated with Arévalo's dismissal of
642:, in a contest which is generally reckoned as the first truly free election in the country's history. Arévalo won over 86 percent of the vote, garnering more than four times as many votes as the other candidates combined. It is still the largest margin of victory for a free election in the country's history.
795:
Arevalismo did emphasize the importance of civil freedoms as the essential groundwork for human development, but the political principle maintained that "Individual liberty must be exercised within the limits of social order". Democracy, according to Arévalo, was a social structure that required the
823:
system was an aspiration of the revolutionary
Guatemalan government. Arévalo's political philosophy stressed the importance of government intervention in the realm of economic and social interests as necessary to sustain the desires of the majority's free will. Deviating from Marxism, Arévalo valued
787:
was directed towards the moral development of
Guatemalans with the intent to "liberate man psychologically". Arévalo, the revolution's intellectual pillar, positioned his theoretical doctrine as integral to the construction of a progressive and peaceful Guatemalan society. Governments are capable of
634:
Arévalo was born in
Taxisco, Santa Rosa, on 10 September 1904, son of Mariano Arévalo Bonilla and Elena Bermejo de Paz. He was born in a lower middle class family. From his childhood he showed leadership and intelligence; he was a fellow student of Luis Martínez Mont from the age of seventeen, with
695:
In
Guatemala's cities, newly enfranchised labor unions accompanied reformist labor laws that greatly benefitted the urban lower and middle classes. Several parties and trade unions were formed. The enfranchisement of a large proportion of the population was a significant legacy of his term. The
645:
Arévalo's administration was marked by unprecedented relatively free political life during his six-year term. Arévalo, an educator and philosopher, understood the need for advancement in individuals, communities, and nations by practical means. Before his presidency, Arévalo had been an exiled
731:
in 1954, open democracy would not return to a destabilized
Guatemala for three decades. Arévalo went into voluntary exile in Mexico as a university professor and writer. In 1956, he would write a notable book called "The Shark and the Sardines," which attacked the United States Government and
762:
hours after he was inaugurated on 14 January 1986. During the meeting, Arévalo praised the transition from military to civilian rule and even stated that "The
October revolution is going to have a second chapter," though these hopes would soon be dashed by persistent human rights abuses, an
691:
Many foreign estates, especially those undeveloped for agriculture, were confiscated and redistributed to peasants; landowners were obliged to provide adequate housing for their workers; new schools, hospitals, and houses were built; and a new minimum wage was introduced.
611:. As president, he enacted several social reform policies, including an increase in the minimum wage and a series of literacy programs. He also oversaw the drafting of a new constitution in 1945. He is the father of the current President of Guatemala
1012:
800:
as an applicable guideline for
Guatemalan governments. Arévalo's rejection of Western oriented liberal individualism and apparent socialist inclinations led conservative sectors of the press to denounce the revolutionary president as a communist.
716:, proposed as mediated and fairly compensated land redistribution. Failure in achieving that was a weakness for Arévalo's party in Congress and thus for his administration, which his successor attempted to confront and to remedy with
727:, who continued the agrarian reform approach of Arévalo's government. Arévalo freely yielded succession to his presidency in 1951 to Jacobo Árbenz in the second democratic election in Guatemala's republican history. Following
267:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
788:
initiating the formation of an ideal society by allowing citizens the freedom to pursue their own opinions, property and way of life. The revolution's first president asserted that safeguarding the
959:
828:
with the aim to subordinate them to benefit
Guatemala as a whole if required. Overall, Arévalo sought to improve the social environment of the working majority through a reform of the
1638:
1528:
864:
He is the author of a scathing allegorical short story "The Shark and the Sardines," published in 1956. In 1963 he published a sequel entitled "Anti-Communism in Latin America".
852:, by whom he had a son, Julio Solórzano Foppa. At the time of his death, he was married to Margarita de Leon and had five children, including the current President of Guatemala
559:
758:
then seized power, and Arévalo fled the country again. He would later return to Guatemala in the mid-1970s, and later held a meeting with civilian Guatemala President
1584:
1546:
2018:
1496:
618:
Because of his reforms and policies that transcended his time, Arévalo is considered the most popular and influential president in the history of Guatemala.
1573:
1040:
1557:
270:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
1563:
1534:
646:
university professor. He returned to Guatemala to help in the reconstruction efforts of the new post-Ubíco government, especially in the areas of
2028:
2013:
933:
607:. He remained in office until 1951, surviving 25 coup attempts. He did not contest the election of 1951, instead choosing to hand over power to
595:(10 September 1904 – 8 October 1990) was a Guatemalan statesman and professor of philosophy who became Guatemala's first democratically elected
1988:
829:
2023:
1413:
907:
750:, had pledged to oversee a free and open election in which Arévalo would participate, flew into exile to Nicaragua after he was deposed in a
1369:
149:
1983:
1978:
792:
of citizens generates popular support for governmental institutions, which ensure the security of the individual and collective equally.
732:
powerful American companies for their treatment of Latin America. "The Shark and the Sardines" would be endorsed by American sociologist
121:
1973:
783:
Categorized as a dedicated democrat and nationalist, Juan José Arévalo defined his political philosophy as "spiritual socialism". The
1489:
128:
2033:
1993:
1968:
102:
57:
996:
639:
201:
135:
1857:
1482:
2008:
1513:
1704:
742:
On 27 March 1963 he returned to his country to announce his candidacy for the November presidential elections. Dictator
352:
117:
1828:
458:
278:
1786:
1319:
1236:
1164:
1135:
917:
326:
291:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
168:
71:
751:
1780:
1839:
662:, may be considered less an economic system than a movement toward the liberation of the imagination of oppressed
1798:
575:
2003:
1998:
1873:
1613:
1286:
1108:
564:
106:
1845:
1730:
1735:
1709:
1810:
1677:
1666:
393:
300:
142:
63:
841:
498:
1833:
1747:
1449:
809:
706:, remained patrician, racist, unyielding, and harsh. Whilst the government made some effort to improve
486:
414:
1816:
1065:
815:
The character of the 1944 revolution, envisioned by Arévalo, was based on the development of a modern
743:
685:
1097:
The Most Dangerous Area in the World: John F. Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America
239:
1688:
1725:
763:
ineffectual civilian administration and deep economic problems. On 7 October 1990, Arévalo died in
286:
1879:
1804:
1660:
1654:
1423:
1822:
1568:
845:
755:
399:
95:
1311:
712:
peasants' civil rights, rural conditions in Guatemala could not be improved without large-scale
1851:
1763:
1755:
1714:
1698:
1683:
1602:
1590:
1505:
1456:
759:
747:
599:
in 1945. He was elected following a popular uprising against the United States-backed dictator
596:
374:
1868:
1125:
986:
1792:
1596:
1228:
1152:
1100:
678:, serving as a cause for unease and alarm, which garnered support from neighboring satellite
604:
570:
307:
1963:
1958:
1920:
1693:
873:
832:. As a result, Arévalo faced at least 25 unsuccessful coup attempts during his presidency.
820:
797:
1904:
844:, but at the time of his presidency they were separated, yet Martínez assumed the role of
8:
1909:
1552:
1392:
1343:
888:
775:
654:
which granted the people civil rights and liberties they had never previously known. His
1925:
853:
612:
546:
200:
Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
1644:
1633:
1304:
1315:
1282:
1232:
1221:
1160:
1131:
1104:
1013:"Document #9: "Introduction to the Shark and the Sardines," Juan José Arévalo (1956)"
992:
960:"Arévalo, del anonimato a la presidencia de Guatemala por el hastío de la corrupción"
913:
816:
282:
1579:
1889:
1884:
819:
society. A conversion from the remaining presence of feudalistic arrangements to a
638:
Arévalo served as president from 15 March 1945 to 15 March 1951. He was elected in
1775:
1759:
1466:
878:
724:
608:
426:
1418:
1092:
825:
733:
713:
647:
1899:
1894:
1279:
Managing the counterrevolution : the United States and Guatemala, 1954-1961
849:
1863:
1720:
1672:
1649:
764:
475:
1474:
1952:
1915:
671:
663:
667:
651:
20:
1741:
883:
600:
717:
702:
655:
554:
289:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
934:"Perfil: Arévalo vuelve a la Presidencia de Guatemala 80 años después"
1622:
789:
728:
697:
675:
84:
1372:. Chicago, Illinois: The Chicago Tribune. 8 October 1990. p. 7
1281:. Athens: Ohio Univ. Center for Internat. Studies. pp. 16–17.
1041:"Juan Jose Arevalo Is Dead at 86; Guatemala President in Late 40's"
784:
680:
805:
708:
454:
24:
991:(Fifth ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 618.
264:
186:
626:
1223:
The Battle for Guatemala: Rebels, Death Squads, and U.S Power
1099:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina press. pp.
1384:
1252:
Relentless Persistence: Nonviolent Action in Latin America
696:
benefits did not spread to the rural agrarian areas where
1153:"The Revolutionary Governments: Communism or Nationalism"
630:
Arévalo Bermejo in his teenage years in a family portrait
579:
1157:
The CIA in Guatemala: The Foreign Policy of Intervention
1306:
Latin American women and the search for social justice
1310:. Hanover: University Press of New England. p.
260:
1254:(McManus & Schlabach, eds., New Society, 1991).
770:
109:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1335:
1303:
1220:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1159:. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 48.
674:and other countries misinterpreted Arevalismo as
1950:
1504:
1390:
1027:
31: and the second or maternal family name is
1393:""The Shark and the Sardines", Online Version"
1391:Arévalo Bermejo, Juan José (24 January 2024).
285:accompanying your translation by providing an
251:Click for important translation instructions.
238:expand this article with text translated from
1490:
1295:
2019:People from Santa Rosa Department, Guatemala
1370:"Ex-Guatemalan Leader Juan Jose Arevalo, 86"
1341:
72:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1497:
1483:
746:, who, despite the firm opposition of the
351:
779:President Arévalo during his inauguration
658:of "spiritual socialism," referred to as
327:Learn how and when to remove this message
169:Learn how and when to remove this message
1362:
1276:
1150:
774:
625:
912:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. June 2011.
894:
2029:Revolutionary Action Party politicians
2014:National University of La Plata alumni
1951:
1342:Poniatowska, Elena (21 October 2012).
1301:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1038:
387:15 March 1945 – 15 March 1951
198:about several aspects of Ponce's life.
1989:Ambassadors of Guatemala to Venezuela
1478:
1218:
1123:
2024:20th-century presidents of Guatemala
1091:
984:
220:
180:
107:adding citations to reliable sources
78:
37:
1514:Federal Republic of Central America
1227:. Boulder: Westview Press. p.
1080:
297:{{Translated|es|Juan José Arévalo}}
13:
1984:Ambassadors of Guatemala to Israel
1979:Ambassadors of Guatemala to France
1541:direct central rule, 1826–27
1524:direct central rule, 1823–24
14:
2045:
1974:Ambassadors of Guatemala to Chile
1406:
1350:(in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico
1066:"Cuba: "Listen Yankee!"-a Review"
53:This article has multiple issues.
1612:
1422:. 5 January 1962. Archived from
771:Spiritual socialism (Arevalismo)
514:
225:
185:
83:
42:
1344:"Alaíde Foppa: 31 años después"
1270:
1257:
1245:
1212:
1199:
1186:
1173:
1144:
1130:. Toronto: Gagne. p. 107.
909:Britannica Enciclopedia Moderna
835:
670:period, the governments of the
576:National University of La Plata
531:
510:
94:needs additional citations for
61:or discuss these issues on the
2034:World War II political leaders
1994:Guatemalan democracy activists
1969:20th-century Guatemalan people
1117:
1058:
1039:Golden, Tim (8 October 1990).
1005:
988:Mastering Modern World History
978:
952:
926:
900:
295:You may also add the template
1:
1277:Streeter, Stephen M. (2000).
1194:The Revolutionary Governments
966:(in Spanish). 12 January 2024
848:. He had a relationship with
830:capitalist mode of production
650:. He also helped draft a new
358:
940:(in Spanish). 21 August 2023
810:Communist Party of Guatemala
621:
23:, the first or paternal
7:
1506:Heads of state of Guatemala
867:
560:Escuela Normal para Varones
16:24th President of Guatemala
10:
2050:
2009:Guatemalan anti-communists
1302:Miller, Francesca (1991).
1151:Immerman, Richard (1990).
1015:. Brown University Library
804:Arévalo opposed classical
487:Revolutionary Action Party
415:Juan Federico Ponce Vaides
259:Machine translation, like
18:
1933:
1621:
1610:
1512:
1463:
1454:
1446:
1441:
723:Arévalo was succeeded by
593:Juan José Arévalo Bermejo
586:
553:
541:
492:
482:
465:
441:
436:
432:
420:
408:
391:
380:
372:
368:
350:
343:
240:the corresponding article
859:
842:Elisa Martínez Contreras
499:Elisa Martínez Contreras
1519:Supreme Chiefs of State
1414:"Echoes from a Sardine"
1219:Jonas, Susanne (1991).
840:Arévalo was married to
756:Enrique Peralta Azurdia
744:Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes
686:Anastasio Somoza García
306:For more guidance, see
1457:President of Guatemala
780:
760:Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo
748:Kennedy administration
631:
375:President of Guatemala
196:is missing information
2004:Guatemalan socialists
1999:Guatemalan Revolution
1623:Republic of Guatemala
985:Lowe, Norman (2013).
778:
629:
605:Guatemalan Revolution
308:Knowledge:Translation
279:copyright attribution
1467:Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán
1426:on 30 September 2007
895:References and notes
879:Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán
874:History of Guatemala
821:democratic socialist
798:classical liberalism
725:Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán
513: 1925;
427:Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán
103:improve this article
1450:Juan Federico Ponce
1124:Handy, Jim (1984).
889:Operation PBSuccess
700:traditions, termed
357:Official portrait,
118:"Juan José Arévalo"
1517:(1823–1839);
1442:Political offices
1045:The New York Times
781:
754:on 31 March 1963.
729:Árbenz's expulsion
632:
287:interlanguage link
1946:
1945:
1473:
1472:
1464:Succeeded by
1265:Gift of the Devil
1207:Gift of the Devil
1181:Gift of the Devil
1127:Gift of the Devil
998:978-1-137-27694-0
817:social democratic
736:in his 1961 book
590:
589:
524:Margarita de León
452:10 September 1904
345:Juan José Arévalo
337:
336:
329:
319:
318:
252:
248:
219:
218:
179:
178:
171:
153:
76:
2041:
1941:
1937:
1766:
1616:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1447:Preceded by
1439:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1401:
1400:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1309:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1226:
1216:
1210:
1203:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1093:Rabe, Stephen G.
1089:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1036:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1009:
1003:
1002:
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
956:
950:
949:
947:
945:
930:
924:
923:
904:
854:Bernardo Arévalo
613:Bernardo Arévalo
568:
535:
533:
518:
516:
512:
472:
451:
449:
437:Personal details
423:
411:
404:
400:Mario Monteforte
396:
385:
363:
360:
355:
341:
340:
332:
325:
298:
292:
265:Google Translate
250:
247:(September 2021)
246:
229:
228:
221:
214:
211:
205:
189:
181:
174:
167:
163:
160:
154:
152:
111:
87:
79:
68:
46:
45:
38:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2038:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1771:Arévalo Bermejo
1754:
1689:García Granados
1627:
1625:
1617:
1608:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1503:
1469:
1460:
1452:
1429:
1427:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1217:
1213:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1187:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1090:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1037:
1028:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1006:
999:
983:
979:
969:
967:
958:
957:
953:
943:
941:
932:
931:
927:
920:
906:
905:
901:
897:
870:
862:
838:
826:property rights
773:
734:C. Wright Mills
714:agrarian reform
648:social security
624:
603:that began the
574:
562:
537:
534: 1959)
529:
525:
521:
520:
517: 1958)
508:
504:
501:
483:Political party
474:
470:
453:
447:
445:
421:
409:
402:
392:
386:
381:
364:
361:
346:
333:
322:
321:
320:
315:
314:
313:
296:
290:
253:
230:
226:
215:
209:
206:
199:
190:
175:
164:
158:
155:
112:
110:
100:
88:
47:
43:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2047:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1944:
1943:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1858:Mejía Víctores
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1799:González López
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1550:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1408:
1407:External links
1405:
1403:
1402:
1383:
1361:
1334:
1320:
1294:
1287:
1269:
1256:
1244:
1237:
1211:
1198:
1185:
1172:
1165:
1143:
1136:
1116:
1109:
1079:
1057:
1026:
1004:
997:
977:
951:
925:
918:
898:
896:
893:
892:
891:
886:
881:
876:
869:
866:
861:
858:
837:
834:
772:
769:
765:Guatemala City
738:Listen Yankee!
666:. In the post-
623:
620:
588:
587:
584:
583:
557:
551:
550:
543:
539:
538:
527:
523:
522:
506:
502:
497:
496:
494:
490:
489:
484:
480:
479:
476:Guatemala City
473:(aged 86)
469:8 October 1990
467:
463:
462:
443:
439:
438:
434:
433:
430:
429:
424:
418:
417:
412:
406:
405:
397:
394:Vice President
389:
388:
378:
377:
370:
369:
366:
365:
356:
348:
347:
344:
335:
334:
317:
316:
312:
311:
304:
293:
271:
268:
257:
254:
235:
234:
233:
231:
224:
217:
216:
193:
191:
184:
177:
176:
91:
89:
82:
77:
51:
50:
48:
41:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2046:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:Serrano Elías
1867:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1639:López Requena
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1626:(since 1839);
1624:
1620:
1615:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1371:
1365:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1323:
1321:0-87451-557-2
1317:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1298:
1290:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1240:
1238:0-8133-0614-0
1234:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1215:
1208:
1202:
1195:
1189:
1182:
1176:
1168:
1166:9780292710832
1162:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1139:
1137:9780896082472
1133:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1068:. Winter 1961
1067:
1061:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1014:
1008:
1000:
994:
990:
989:
981:
965:
961:
955:
939:
935:
929:
921:
919:9781615355167
915:
911:
910:
903:
899:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
865:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
833:
831:
827:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
802:
799:
793:
791:
786:
777:
768:
766:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
739:
735:
730:
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
710:
705:
704:
699:
693:
689:
687:
683:
682:
677:
673:
672:United States
669:
665:
664:Latin America
661:
657:
653:
649:
643:
641:
636:
628:
619:
616:
614:
610:
609:Jacobo Árbenz
606:
602:
598:
594:
585:
581:
577:
572:
566:
561:
558:
556:
552:
548:
545:5 (including
544:
540:
500:
495:
491:
488:
485:
481:
477:
468:
464:
460:
456:
444:
440:
435:
431:
428:
425:
419:
416:
413:
407:
401:
398:
395:
390:
384:
379:
376:
371:
367:
354:
349:
342:
339:
331:
328:
309:
305:
302:
294:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
269:
266:
262:
258:
256:
255:
249:
243:
241:
236:You can help
232:
223:
222:
213:
203:
197:
194:This article
192:
188:
183:
182:
173:
170:
162:
151:
148:
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
127:
123:
120: –
119:
115:
114:Find sources:
108:
104:
98:
97:
92:This article
90:
86:
81:
80:
75:
73:
66:
65:
60:
59:
54:
49:
40:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1905:Pérez Molina
1770:
1748:Ponce Vaides
1540:
1539:
1523:
1455:
1428:. Retrieved
1424:the original
1417:
1396:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1347:
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1305:
1297:
1278:
1272:
1264:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1188:
1180:
1175:
1156:
1146:
1126:
1119:
1096:
1070:. Retrieved
1060:
1048:. Retrieved
1044:
1017:. Retrieved
1007:
987:
980:
968:. Retrieved
963:
954:
942:. Retrieved
937:
928:
908:
902:
863:
850:Alaíde Foppa
839:
836:Private life
814:
803:
794:
782:
741:
737:
722:
707:
701:
694:
690:
679:
668:World War II
659:
652:constitution
644:
637:
633:
617:
592:
591:
471:(1990-10-08)
422:Succeeded by
382:
338:
323:
283:edit summary
274:
245:
237:
207:
195:
165:
156:
146:
139:
132:
125:
113:
101:Please help
96:verification
93:
69:
62:
56:
55:Please help
52:
32:
28:
21:Spanish name
1964:1990 deaths
1959:1904 births
1553:de Aycinena
1397:archive.org
970:5 September
944:5 September
884:Jorge Ubico
601:Jorge Ubico
563: [
478:, Guatemala
461:, Guatemala
410:Preceded by
403:(1948–1949)
362: 1945
1953:Categories
1940:† military
1921:Giammattei
1852:Ríos Montt
1715:M. Estrada
1628:Presidents
1585:Valenzuela
1547:J. Estrada
1461:1945–1951
1348:La Jornada
1288:0896802159
1192:Immerman,
1110:080784764X
846:first lady
718:Decree 900
703:latifundia
660:Arevalismo
656:philosophy
555:Alma mater
459:Santa Rosa
448:1904-09-10
242:in Spanish
210:April 2019
159:April 2019
129:newspapers
58:improve it
1936:* interim
1910:Maldonado
1699:Sinibaldi
1564:Barrundia
1535:Barrundia
790:free will
709:campesino
698:hacendado
681:caudillos
676:communism
622:Biography
597:president
493:Spouse(s)
383:In office
373:24th
301:talk page
202:talk page
64:talk page
1890:Portillo
1840:Laugerud
1817:Ydígoras
1793:Castillo
1764:Toriello
1726:Orellana
1705:Barillas
1678:Aycinena
1655:Martínez
1430:31 March
1354:22 April
1095:(1999).
1072:16 March
1050:16 March
1019:16 March
964:France24
868:See also
785:ideology
684:such as
547:Bernardo
542:Children
277:provide
19:In this
1926:Arévalo
1916:Morales
1880:de León
1823:Peralta
1805:Mendoza
1753:Junta (
1721:Herrera
1694:Barrios
1673:Carrera
1667:Paredes
1661:Escobar
1650:Carrera
1597:Salazar
1574:Márquez
1558:Zenteno
1376:20 June
1327:20 June
1263:Handy,
1205:Handy,
1179:Handy,
806:Marxism
536:
528:
519:
507:
503:
455:Taxisco
299:to the
281:in the
244:.
143:scholar
33:Bermejo
29:Arévalo
25:surname
1895:Berger
1874:Espina
1864:Cerezo
1829:Méndez
1811:Flores
1787:Monzón
1776:Árbenz
1760:Árbenz
1731:Chacón
1645:Rivera
1634:Rivera
1603:Rivera
1591:Rivera
1580:Gálvez
1569:Molina
1318:
1285:
1267:, 103.
1235:
1209:, 111.
1183:, 107.
1163:
1134:
1107:
995:
916:
145:
138:
131:
124:
116:
1900:Colom
1846:Lucas
1834:Arana
1756:Arana
1742:Ubico
1736:Reina
1710:Reina
1684:Cerna
1196:, 47.
1101:73–75
860:Works
567:]
530:(
526:
509:(
505:
261:DeepL
150:JSTOR
136:books
1885:Arzú
1781:Díaz
1529:Díaz
1432:2007
1419:Time
1378:2015
1356:2015
1329:2015
1316:ISBN
1283:ISBN
1233:ISBN
1161:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1105:ISBN
1074:2022
1052:2022
1021:2022
993:ISBN
972:2024
946:2024
914:ISBN
752:coup
640:1944
515:div.
466:Died
442:Born
275:must
273:You
122:news
1762:†,
1758:†,
1750:* †
1312:126
938:ABC
580:PhD
571:BEd
263:or
105:by
27:is
1955::
1938:;
1416:.
1395:.
1346:.
1314:.
1231:.
1229:30
1155:.
1103:.
1082:^
1043:.
1029:^
962:.
936:.
856:.
767:.
720:.
688:.
615:.
573:)
565:es
532:m.
511:m.
457:,
359:c.
67:.
1912:*
1876:*
1860:†
1854:†
1848:†
1842:†
1836:†
1825:†
1819:†
1813:*
1807:†
1801:*
1795:†
1789:†
1783:*
1767:)
1744:†
1738:*
1717:†
1701:*
1680:*
1669:*
1663:*
1657:*
1641:*
1605:*
1599:*
1593:*
1587:*
1576:*
1560:*
1549:*
1531:*
1498:e
1491:t
1484:v
1434:.
1399:.
1380:.
1358:.
1331:.
1291:.
1241:.
1169:.
1140:.
1113:.
1076:.
1054:.
1023:.
1001:.
974:.
948:.
922:.
582:)
578:(
569:(
549:)
450:)
446:(
330:)
324:(
310:.
303:.
212:)
208:(
204:.
172:)
166:(
161:)
157:(
147:·
140:·
133:·
126:·
99:.
74:)
70:(
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)