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During 1968 the Women's Branch evolves into a de facto social services program for FRELIMO in the liberated areas. It organizes health centers, schools, and child care centers. It helps families whose homes have been destroyed, and provides emotional support to wounded soldiers and peasant families
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During 1970 Josina begins to suffer from stomach pains and weakness. She travels to Moscow for medical attention. The apparent diagnosis is liver cancer. Rest and a strict diet are recommended, but Josina returns to her duties with FRELIMO. At the end of the year, she leaves Samito with a friend
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In mid-1968 Josina is named a delegate to the Second FRELIMO Congress where she is a strong advocate for the full inclusion of women within all aspects of the liberation struggle. She is then appointed head of the Women's
Section in FRELIMO's Department of International Relations. In this position
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In March 1971 Josina traveled again, this time to Cabo
Delgado, to evaluate social programs being implemented there. During the marches she struggles with chronic fatigue and exhaustion. Yet at one point she leads a meeting of more than 1,000 persons. Tired and very thin, she decides to return to
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1969 proves an eventful year for Josina. She is appointed head of FRELIMO's
Department of Social Affairs where she actively develops child care and educational centers in northern Mozambique and advocates with local populations for the importance of sending girls to school. When FRELIMO President
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as the movement's social and political arm for women. Inspired in part by the ideals of women's emancipation that Machel promoted, the organization continued to work for this goal following
Mozambican independence in 1975. A number of Josina's sisters in arms went on to play important leadership
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Afterwards, Josina and other women combatants combine defensive roles in guarding supplies and facilities behind the lines of combat with community organizing roles in which they explain FRELIMO's history, goals, and purposes to the local liberated populations in the effort to win their moral and
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Dar es Salaam at the beginning of April. As she crosses the border into
Tanzania, she hands her pistol to a companion and says, “Comrades, I can continue no longer. Give this to the military commander of the province so that it may contribute to the salvation of the Mozambican people.”
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where they joined 14 others who are also seeking to get to
Tanzania. Here they were declared “undesirable visitors” by the British colonial authorities and arrangements are made to deport them all to Swaziland. Following intense international publicity involving the
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she travels periodically to international meetings on women's rights and the role of women in development where she uses examples of FRELIMO experiences to advocate for women's equal participation in all aspects of the development process. She is now 24 years old.
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Josina subsequently became one of 25 young women to go through three months of military training at
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Eduardo
Mondlane is assassinated in Tanzania by Portuguese agents, Josina moves in with his wife, Janet, to provide comfort and company. In May she marries Samora Machel at the Educational Center of
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traumatized by the warfare. Josina plays a visionary role in identifying the need for child care centers to look after children who have been orphaned or separated from their families by the war.
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Four months afterwards Josina fled
Mozambique for a second time, again with a group of fellow students. From this point, Josina never saw any member of her family again. The group seeks asylum in
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in 1949. Her political consciousness developed within the organization, which was surveilled by colonial police, until once she was 18 she fled the country with eight other students (including
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succeeded in persuading the
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and undertakes a two-month trip, largely on foot, through Niassa Province to assess conditions and plan activities for the Department of Social Affairs.
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in southern Tanzania, a facility she had helped to develop. At the end of November, Josina and Samora's only child, named
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As she reached her 20th birthday, Josina was immediately assigned responsibilities within FRELIMO's multifaceted quest for
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roles in this organization and in government. The principal secondary school in the capital city is named after her.
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material support. This division of labor frees up additional men for direct military actions.
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In Dar es Salaam, Josina becomes seriously ill on April 5. She was taken to
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and died on April 7, 1971, at the age of 25 years. She was buried in
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families. Two years later her father was transferred to the town of
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Josina Machel: Icone da Emancipacao da Mulher Mocambicana
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Núcleo dos Estudantes Africanos Secundários de Mocambique
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in Mozambique. In March 1973 FRELIMO established the
527:reference/Renato Matusse and Josina Malique, 2008,
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19:This article is about the first wife of
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