33:
563:, as prominent pseudomedical influencers (PMIs) who were among the top spreaders of COVID-19 misinformation. Using a number of social media accounts, including WhatsApp, Telegram, BitChute and Facebook accounts in both English and Spanish, Mercola's followers numbered over 4 million. The Virality project listed 30 incidents of Mercola spreading misinformation. Amazon gave his book
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FTC's complaint alleged that these claims are false and not supported by science. As part of the settlement, the defendants are banned from selling indoor tanning systems and agreed to provide refunds to people who bought tanning systems after
January 1, 2012, and submitted a completed a claim form by October 31, 2016. Customers will receive an average refund of $ 1,897.
568:
verify data as the backbone of their mis- and disinformation." One example they used was the way in which
Mercola decontextualized the results of a Washington University study that said that people who have had a mild case COVID-19 may have a lasting antibody protection, to claim that vaccine manufacturers had claimed otherwise and this was bad news for them.
604:, claiming that homogenized milk has little nutritional value and contributes to a variety of negative health effects, although scientists consider such a belief "tenuous and implausible", stating "Experimental evidence has failed to substantiate, and in many cases has refuted, the xanthine oxidase/plasmalogen depletion hypothesis."
263:. He stopped treating patients in 2009 to work full-time on his health products and vitamin supplements business. In a 2017 affidavit, Mercola stated that his net worth was "in excess of $ 100 million." Until 2013, Mercola operated the Dr. Mercola Natural Health Center (formerly the Optimal Wellness Center) in
524:
A lawsuit filed by
Mercola in September 2022 against the removal of videos from YouTube was dismissed one year later. Mercola argued that Google, who owns YouTube, violated their provision of giving users an opportunity to remove any of their content to comply with a new policy and asked for $ 75,000
477:
supplements, despite a lack of scientific evidence pointing to the effectiveness of such a treatment. The website was taken down in April 2021 after the Food and Drug
Administration sent a warning letter. In May 2021, Mercola announced he would remove mentions of COVID-19 from his websites, blaming
454:
In March 2021, an analysis of
Twitter and Facebook anti-vaccine content found Mercola's to be one of 12 individual and organization accounts producing up to 65% of all anti-vaccine content on the platforms. As of June 2021, his various social media channels accounted for a total audience exceeding
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a prominent placement on their site. His July 10, 2021 video which garnered over 95 thousand views, said that COVID-19 vaccine, was an "experimental gene therapy" that would destroy millions of lives. The report described how
Mercola and other PMIs "commonly use manipulated statistics and hard-to
333:
wrote he had "amassed a fortune selling natural health products, court records show, including vitamin supplements, some of which he claims are alternatives to vaccines....His net worth, derived largely from his network of private companies, has grown to 'in excess of $ 100 million,' he said in a
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According to the FTC's complaint, the defendants claimed that their
Mercola brand D-Lite, SunSplash, and Vitality indoor tanning systems are safe, that research proves indoor tanning does not increase the risk of melanoma skin cancer, and that its systems can reverse the appearance of aging. The
497:
could prevent or cure COVID-19. A tweet from
Mercola advertising this method was removed from Twitter on April 15, 2020, for violating the platform rules, but he continued to make these claims on other platforms, including during a speech at a major conference of anti-vaccination activists in
641:
stated that "Protection against photodamage by use of broad-spectrum sunscreens is well-documented as an effective means of reducing total lifetime UV dose and, thereby, preventing or ameliorating the effects of UV radiation on both the appearance and biomechanical properties of the
416:, claiming that too many vaccines are given too soon during infancy. He hosts anti-vaccination activists on his website, advocates other measures rather than vaccination in many cases such as using vitamin D rather than a flu shot and strongly criticizes
725:
filed a false advertising complaint against
Mercola and his companies that resulted in Mercola paying $ 2.6 million in refunds to customers who had bought their tanning beds, and agreed to a ban preventing them from ever again selling tanning beds.
420:. Mercola is viewed as an anti-vaccine propagandist. As of 2019, he has donated at least $ 4 million to anti-vaccine groups though his Natural Health Research Foundation, including more than $ 2.9 million to the anti-vaccination group the
203:
has criticized
Mercola for making "unsubstantiated claims clash with those of leading medical and public health organizations and many unsubstantiated recommendations for dietary supplements". Of Mercola's marketing techniques, surgical oncologist
394:
In August 2021, Mercola announced on his website that he would permanently remove all of his articles, but he would continue to post articles daily, which would be deleted after 48 hours. Rachel E. Moran, a conspiracy theory researcher at the
443:
content. Thimerosal has been removed from most vaccines given to young children in the U.S., with no effect on rates of autism diagnosis. Extensive evidence has accumulated since 1999 showing that this preservative is safe, with the
338:
closed their bank accounts. The financial institution indicated those accounts were terminated when they became aware of "multiple occasions of regulatory scrutiny, raising concerns about a pattern of deceptive business practices."
399:
said that this announcement was " trying to come up with his own strategies of avoiding his content being taken down, while also playing up this martyrdom of being an influential figure in the movement who keeps being targeted."
678:(FDA) for falsely advertising products approved to "mitigate, prevent, treat, diagnose, or cure" various diseases, including as examples: 1) in 2005, Living Fuel RX(TM) and Coconut Oil Products, in 2006, Optimal Wellness Center
1239:"This natural health doctor has published over 600 articles claiming coronavirus vaccines are a fraud — he's part of the 'disinformation dozen' responsible for the vast majority of COVID-19 misinformation on Facebook"
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in damages. The court ruled the video platform was "under no obligation to host" his content after his channel was terminated in 2021 and that "YouTube had the discretion to take down content that harmed its users".
387:
Phyllis Entis, a microbiologist and food safety expert, highlighted Mercola.com as an example of websites "likely to mislead consumers by offering one-sided, incomplete, inaccurate, or misleading information."
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But Facebook's actions didn't extend to Elizabeth's husband, Dr. Joseph Mercola, a major funder of the anti-vax movement who has made millions from selling alternative health supplements online.
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Mercola was born July 8, 1954, in Chicago, Illinois. His mother, Jeanette Aldridge (née Freeman) was a waitress and his father, Thomas Nicholas Mercola, was an Air Force veteran who worked for
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Researchers say that Mercola employs teams in Florida and the Philippines who translate his posts into multiple languages and then post them to groups of websites and social media accounts.
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Joseph Mercola was born in Chicago, Illinois on July 8, 1954. He graduated from the University of Illinois at Chicago and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine – Midwestern University.
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Using web browsing data collected between 2016 and 2019, one study found that Mercola's web site had the highest number of visits among a group of sites with vaccine-skeptical content.
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with high UV exposure, and instead advocating the use of natural sunscreens, some of which he markets on his website. This view is not held by mainstream medical science; in 2011, the
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shows the site receives about 1.9 million novel visitors per month, each returning almost ten times each month; the number of views is roughly equal to the number received by the
2029:
1990:
1181:
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Clifford AJ, Ho CY, Swenerton H (August 1983). "Homogenized bovine milk xanthine oxidase: a critique of the hypothesis relating to plasmalogen depletion and cardiovascular disease".
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pandemic, asserting that the government, big business, and the mainstream media have conspired to promote the threat of avian flu to accrue money and power. Mercola has appeared on
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Mercola operates Mercola.com, which he has described as the most popular alternative-health website on the internet. Aside from the main site, it also hosts blog subsites, like
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which opens with this reasonable statement: "Despite considerable advances in HIV science in the past 20 years, the reason why HIV-1 infection is pathogenic is still debated."
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The Truth About COVID-19: Exposing the Great Reset, Lockdowns, Vaccine Passports, and the New Normal: Why We Must Unite in a Global Movement for Health and Freedom
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182:. These positions have received persistent criticism. Mercola is a member of several alternative medicine organizations as well as the political advocacy group
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editorial stated his marketing practices relied on "slick promotion, clever use of information, and scare tactics". In 2005, 2006, 2011, and 2021 the U.S.
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But beating Robert F Kennedy Jr to the No. 1 spot in the 'disinformation dozen' is Joseph Mercola, a natural health doctor based in Cape Coral, Florida.
918:
2174:
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anti-vaccine misinformation on social media platforms. Researchers have identified him as the "chief spreader of coronavirus misinformation online".
368:. Using aggressive direct-marketing tactics, the site and his company, Mercola LLC, brought in roughly $ 7 million in 2010 through the sale of
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and coconut oil, and in 2011, Meditherm Med2000 Infrared camera, which had no approved evidence for use as a diagnostic or therapeutic device.
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68:
689:, Mercola, his company, and social media site were warned again by the FDA in 2020–2021 for falsely advertising the efficacy of high doses of
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199:(FDA) warned Mercola and his company that they were making illegal claims for their products' ability to detect, prevent, and treat disease.
2018:
1977:
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as one of the most prolific spreaders of misinformation, have been called two of the "disinformation dozen" responsible for 65% of COVID-19
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Hoffman CJ, Zabik ME (August 1985). "Effects of microwave cooking/reheating on nutrients and food systems: a review of recent studies".
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In 2020, Mercola was one of the partners in a website called "Stop Covid Cold" offering advice to the public on preventing and treating
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is "part and parcel of the global technocratic agenda" which he says is "the ultimate form of totalitarianism." Mercola suggested the
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521:. According to Imran Ahmed, CEO of the Center for Countering Digital Hate, Mercola's content is "so bad no one else will host it".
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Clements CJ, McIntyre PB (January 2006). "When science is not enough – a risk/benefit profile of thiomersal-containing vaccines".
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252:
244:
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597:, despite consensus that microwaving food does not adversely affect nutrient content compared to conventionally prepared food.
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were removed by the company for breaking their policies on COVID-19 misinformation. Mercola then moved some of his content to
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Advocacy on the labeling and health of genetically modified food, as well as for their elimination entirely from the market.
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named Mercola as one of the 12 most prominent sources of COVID misinformation in a report later cited by US Surgeon General
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stating in 2006 that "there is no evidence of toxicity in infants, children or adults exposed to thimerosal in vaccines."
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described the book as "in effect, summarizing the misinformation surrounding COVID-19" and "monumentally wrong". Senator
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Mercola's medical claims have been criticized by the medical, scientific, regulatory, and business communities. A 2006
981:"FDA Warning Letter to Mercola.com: Unapproved and Misbranded Products Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)"
4388:
2747:
1117:
619:
2636:
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Bierman EL, Shank RE (November 1975). "Editorial: Homogenized milk and coronary artery disease: theory, not fact".
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demanding they do more to tackle misinformation about COVID-19 and stop promoting Mercola's book as a bestseller.
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1079:"12 prominent people opposed to vaccines are responsible for two-thirds of anti-vaccine content online: report"
541:
159:
81:
1612:"Dimon says Jeffrey Epstein lawsuits have impacted JPMorgan brand, and he is sorry for having him as a client"
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with alternative remedies. The website includes links to Mercola's online store and puts a strong emphasis on
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186:, which promotes scientifically discredited views about medicine and disease. He is the author of two books.
32:
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advice in such a way that it's hard for someone without a medical background to figure out which is which".
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3565:
3031:"Wellness influencers fueled pandemic misinformation. Now they have another big conspiracy in their sights"
2270:"Conspiracy theorists, banned on major social networks, connect with audiences on newsletters and podcasts"
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424:, amounting to about 40 percent of that organization's funding. He co-funded an anti-vaccination ad in
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Dietary recommendations on food consumption that often put him at odds with mainstream dietary advice.
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3378:
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Margaret Sullivan on the New York Times' Public Editor's Journal Opinion Pages Blog . March 19, 2015
2347:"Elizabeth Warren asks Amazon to 'stop peddling misinformation about Covid vaccines and treatments.'"
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1781:"Autism: Removing Thimerosal From Vaccines Did Not Reduce Autism Cases In California, Report Finds"
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779:"A major funder of the anti-vaccine movement has made millions selling natural health products"
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To support their ideas, some AIDS denialists have also misappropriated a scientific review in
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Mercola participated in an online fundraising event to support the presidential campaign of
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3665:
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2848:
1684:"A top spreader of coronavirus misinformation says he will delete his posts after 48 hours"
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2017 affidavit." In 2023 however, executives of his company Mercola Market complained that
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American alternative medicine proponent and purveyor of anti-vaccination misinformation
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2085:"Anti-vaccine influencer Joseph Mercola removes Covid disinformation from his website"
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1917:"The sources and correlates of exposure to vaccine-related (mis)information online"
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1747:"Negative Portrayal of Vaccines by Commercial Websites: Tortious Misrepresentation"
1243:
556:
549:
545:
240:
125:
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Institute of Medicine (US) Committee for the Oversight of AIDS Activities (1988).
1932:
1394:"Facebook Is Finally Doing Something About the Biggest Spreaders of Anti-Vax Lies"
850:
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2484:
Cross GA, Fung DY (1982). "The effect of microwaves on nutrient value of foods".
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1512:
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957:
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646:
316:
311:
310:(October 2006). In the bird flu book, Mercola dismisses medical concerns over an
259:). According to Mercola's website, he is a former Chairman of Family Medicine at
2460:"If You Doubt The Organic Industry Leads The Anti-GMO Movement, This Settles It"
2319:"YouTube under no obligation to host anti-vaccine advocate's videos, court says"
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with the claims that they reduced cancer (backed by discredited studies), the
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misinformation on the internet and social media, according to a report by the
4347:
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2440:
Want to Know If Your Food Is Genetically Modified? By Molly Ball MAY 14, 2014
2059:
COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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702:
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224:
209:
171:
4259:
An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
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1448:"Paperback Best Sellers: May 18, 2003, How-to and Miscellaneous: Hardcover"
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Mercola was cited in a February 2022 Stanford University report along with
510:
425:
205:
191:
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2722:
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2583:
2515:
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Memes, Magnets and Microchips: Narrative dynamics around COVID-19 Vaccines
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Tomorrow's table : organic farming, genetics, and the future of food
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3127:"FTC Providing Full Refunds to Mercola Brand Tanning System Purchasers"
2914:
2897:
2239:
1144:"For Some Anti-Vaccine Advocates, Misinformation Is Part Of A Business"
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479:
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377:
376:. The site promotes disproven health ideas, including the notions that
200:
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505:(FDA) in February 2021 for selling fake COVID-19 cures. In March, the
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361:
2213:"Majority of Covid misinformation came from 12 people, report finds"
1423:"Majority of Covid misinformation came from 12 people, report finds"
1205:"The Most Influential Spreader of Coronavirus Misinformation Online"
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611:, a fringe group which denies the role of HIV in causing AIDS. The
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3100:"FDA Warning Letter: Mercola Natural Health Center, 22 March 2011"
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Photococarcinogenesis Study of Retinoic Acid and Retinyl Palmitate
2146:"Will 'Nebulized Hydrogen Peroxide' Help You Avoid Contracting..."
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2295:
1708:"Doctors demand the removal of anti-vaccine ad from Times Square"
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products over some 16 years during the 21st century, Mercola was
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Mercola.com has featured positive presentations of the claims of
575:, along with several other prominent anti-vaccination activists.
514:
162:, and Internet business personality. He markets largely unproven
4173:
3176:
3074:"FDA Warning Letter: Optimal Wellness Center, 21 September 2006"
2790:…the evidence that HIV causes AIDS is scientifically conclusive.
3981:
3056:"FDA Warning Letter: Optimal Wellness Center, 16 February 2005"
2966:
A Tech Column on Wearable Gadgets Draws Fire as ‘Pseudoscience’
2175:"FDA warns Mercola: Stop selling fake COVID remedies and cures"
951:
FDA warns doctor: Stop touting camera as disease screening tool
381:
170:. On his website, Mercola and colleagues advocate unproven and
633:
increase, rather than decrease, the likelihood of contracting
384:
and that vaccinations have hidden detriments to human health.
131:
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1914:
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Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (July 14, 2006).
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could have been deliberately set "to facilitate a land grab".
851:"Who Sits at the Clintons' Table, and Who Picks Up the Tab?"
146:
140:
1915:
Guess AM, Nyhan B, O'Keeffe Z, Reifler J (November 2020).
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products to "mitigate, prevent, treat, diagnose, or cure"
2112:"The Coronavirus Truthers Don't Believe in Public Health"
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considers the evidence that HIV causes AIDS conclusive.
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He has written two books which have been listed on the
208:
says it "mixes the boring, sensible health advice with
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2993:, draft technical report, National Toxicology Program
1414:
251:, graduating in 1976. In 1982, he graduated from the
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1989:. Center for Countering Digital Hate. June 1, 2021.
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Other controversial views Mercola supports include:
143:
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2531:"The Claim: Microwave Ovens Kill Nutrients in Food"
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1065:
1007:"Dr. Joseph Mercola Ordered to Stop Illegal Claims"
1000:
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134:
128:
978:
742:As he pronounces his name on his own videos, e.g.
3102:. US Food and Drug Administration. Archived from
3076:. US Food and Drug Administration. Archived from
3058:. US Food and Drug Administration. Archived from
2364:
2291:"Google sued by anti-vax doctor over YouTube ban"
2282:
2267:
2261:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1191:
4345:
1844:
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1037:(Second ed.). New York, N.Y. p. 138.
855:Association of American Physicians and Surgeons
465:Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic
184:Association of American Physicians and Surgeons
4419:Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine alumni
2244:"YouTube bans all anti-vaccine misinformation"
1811:"Thimerosal in Vaccines Questions and Answers"
1670:
1108:
1106:
1104:
3217:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
3192:
2047:
1581:"Health Investigation: Artificial Sweeteners"
1504:
1230:
974:
972:
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2410:"Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Gives the Game Away"
2389:(Report). The Virality Project. p. 231
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1892:. World Health Organization. Archived from
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1101:
645:Climate disinformation. Mercola claims the
347:
3199:
3185:
2637:"Why You Shouldn't Drink Pasteurized Milk"
1480:"Paperback Best Sellers: October 22, 2006"
1057:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
969:
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329:His business is very successful. In 2019,
247:and studied biology and chemistry at the
31:
4325:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
4266:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
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2483:
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1972:
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1646:Food safety: old habits, new perspectives
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2194:"Mercola.com, LLC – 607133 – 02/18/2021"
2055:"Vitamin D Coronavirus Disease COVID-19"
1835:
1639:
1637:
1141:
1112:
1076:
979:William A. Correll (February 18, 2021).
342:
69:University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
4230:Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
3002:
2634:
2288:
1591:from the original on September 13, 2011
1510:
1391:
1323:
1202:
1004:
943:
916:
861:from the original on September 27, 2011
789:from the original on December 21, 2019.
253:Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine
4346:
3161:from the original on November 27, 2018
3118:
2647:from the original on September 4, 2017
2407:
2268:Elizabeth Dwoskin (January 27, 2022).
2143:
2139:
2137:
2109:
2035:from the original on December 30, 2020
1967:
1791:from the original on December 15, 2018
1751:University of Massachusetts Law Review
1744:
1705:
1609:
1561:from the original on November 24, 2011
1492:from the original on November 11, 2012
1302:from the original on February 16, 2021
1272:from the original on February 16, 2021
1236:
1032:
903:
777:Satija N, Sun LH (December 20, 2019).
629:Claims that many commercial brands of
4399:University of Illinois Chicago alumni
3180:
2831:
2825:
2795:
2616:from the original on January 24, 2015
2210:
2065:from the original on January 27, 2021
2013:
2011:
1908:
1643:
1634:
1460:from the original on October 14, 2012
1420:
1367:"Dr. Mercola's Natural Health Center"
1319:
1317:
891:from the original on February 6, 2012
818:
717:In 2016, after marketing and selling
489:Mercola claimed that inhaling 0.5–3%
403:
174:alternative health notions including
2947:The Health Concerns in Wearable Tech
2878:from the original on January 6, 2004
2377:
2238:
2122:from the original on January 6, 2021
1761:from the original on January 5, 2018
1681:
1551:"The Alternative Health Controversy"
1385:
1187:from the original on March 27, 2021.
949:Tsouderos, Trine (April 26, 2011). "
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
154:; born July 8, 1954) is an American
4379:American anti-vaccination activists
2803:"The Evidence that HIV Causes AIDS"
2344:
2155:from the original on April 22, 2020
2134:
1823:from the original on April 23, 2019
1622:from the original on August 6, 2023
1373:from the original on March 16, 2014
1089:from the original on March 25, 2021
422:National Vaccine Information Center
13:
4279:James Randi Educational Foundation
2813:from the original on June 10, 2010
2780:from the original on July 20, 2011
2420:from the original on June 28, 2023
2026:Center for Countering Digital Hate
2008:
1986:Center for Countering Digital Hate
1726:from the original on June 24, 2017
1531:from the original on June 27, 2014
1344:from the original on July 11, 2020
1314:
1292:"Thomas Nicholas Mercola Obituary"
1177:Center for Countering Digital Hate
919:"Old-Time Sales Tricks on the Net"
831:from the original on March 7, 2020
821:"Dr. Mercola: Visionary or Quack?"
507:Center for Countering Digital Hate
290:Center for Countering Digital Hate
245:Lane Tech College Prep High School
230:
14:
4430:
3206:
3005:"Technocracy and the Great Reset"
2748:U.S. National Academy of Sciences
2606:"Microwave cooking and nutrition"
2543:from the original on July 1, 2017
2458:Senapathy K (February 23, 2016).
2378:Beck EB, ed. (February 2, 2022).
1996:from the original on June 2, 2021
1369:. www.natural-health-center.com.
983:. US Food and Drug Administration
793:
618:Claiming cancer risks arise from
3676:Strauss–Howe generational theory
3654:Moon landing conspiracy theories
3451:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
3125:Henderson J (February 7, 2017).
3003:Mercola DJ (December 21, 2020).
2317:Belanger A (September 5, 2023).
2289:Pierson B (September 29, 2022).
528:Mercola co-authored a book with
124:
4394:Pseudoscientific diet advocates
4369:American osteopathic physicians
4304:The Natural History of Quackery
4246:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
3143:
3092:
3066:
3048:
3029:Paddison L (February 4, 2024).
3022:
2996:
2977:
2958:
2937:
2694:
2659:
2628:
2598:
2555:
2529:O'Connor A (October 17, 2006).
2522:
2477:
2432:
2401:
2338:
2310:
2204:
2185:
2167:
2103:
2077:
1881:
1803:
1773:
1738:
1603:
1573:
1543:
1514:About 'The Great Bird Flu Hoax'
1472:
1440:
1359:
1284:
1254:
1135:
1026:
657:
513:. In September his accounts on
4404:Alternative medicine activists
3151:"An Anti-Vaxxer's New Crusade"
2192:Nutrition Cf (March 4, 2021).
1745:Arthur D (November 16, 2016).
1296:United States Obituary Notices
1122:Office for Science and Society
873:
843:
736:
578:
542:Office for Science and Society
221:misinformation about the virus
1:
4414:American conspiracy theorists
4384:COVID-19 conspiracy theorists
2807:National Institutes of Health
2739:Confronting AIDS: Update 1988
2576:10.1016/S0002-8223(21)03737-8
1933:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.018
1266:Chicago Suburban Daily Herald
1077:Srikanth A (March 24, 2021).
966:. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
729:
712:
593:Claims that microwaving food
534:Organic Consumers Association
435:, a vaccine preservative, is
366:National Institutes of Health
243:in Chicago. Mercola attended
4311:The Psychology of the Occult
3566:Traditional Chinese medicine
3441:Doktor Koster's Antigaspills
3298:Superseded scientific theory
2345:Paz IG (September 9, 2021).
1816:Food and Drug Administration
1262:"Jeanette Aldridge Obituary"
819:Smith B (January 31, 2012).
676:Food and Drug Administration
503:Food and Drug Administration
455:4.1 million followers.
197:Food and Drug Administration
7:
3922:Electronic voice phenomenon
3779:Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
3639:Chemtrail conspiracy theory
2387:Stanford Digital Repository
2144:Garcia A (April 15, 2020).
2110:Merlan A (April 22, 2020).
1706:Platts M (April 18, 2011).
1610:Mangan D (August 2, 2023).
1327:Take Control of Your Health
1203:Frenkel S (July 24, 2021).
1142:Brumfiel G (May 12, 2021).
1005:Barrett S (July 25, 2021).
639:National Toxicology Program
10:
4435:
4318:The Ragged Edge of Science
4049:Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff
3992:Pseudoscientific metrology
3516:Miracle Mineral Supplement
2952:November 24, 2016, at the
2635:Mercola J (June 3, 2010).
2408:Merlan A (June 28, 2023).
1392:Gilbert D (May 14, 2021).
1237:Casado L (July 25, 2021).
1169:"The Disinformation Dozen"
917:Gumpert D (May 23, 2006).
748:February 16, 2021, at the
462:
431:Mercola has asserted that
274:. Mercola and his partner
261:St. Alexius Medical Center
4364:American health activists
4238:
4202:
4029:
3932:Facilitated communication
3862:
3792:
3596:
3331:
3318:
3223:
3214:
2989:October 23, 2011, at the
2834:"The Duesberg phenomenon"
2498:10.1080/10408398209527340
2211:Salam E (July 17, 2021).
1890:"Thiomersal and vaccines"
1682:Alba D (August 4, 2021).
1421:Salam E (July 17, 2021).
956:January 12, 2020, at the
446:World Health Organization
180:opposition to vaccination
113:
105:
98:
88:
64:
42:
30:
23:
4389:Physicians from Illinois
4332:The Skeptic's Dictionary
3890:Biological transmutation
3810:Faster-than-light travel
3784:Enneagram of Personality
3750:Recovered-memory therapy
3634:9/11 conspiracy theories
3132:Federal Trade Commission
2445:August 15, 2015, at the
2019:"The Anti-Vaxx Playbook"
881:"Doc's got odd appetite"
723:Federal Trade Commission
565:The Truth About COVID-19
501:He was warned by the US
397:University of Washington
360:. Traffic counting from
348:Website and publications
4297:The Demon-Haunted World
4215:Bourgeois pseudoscience
3649:COVID-19 misinformation
3588:Young blood transfusion
3359:Anthroposophic medicine
2861:10.1126/science.7992043
1859:10.1517/14740338.5.1.17
459:COVID-19 misinformation
408:Mercola is a critic of
308:The Great Bird Flu Hoax
59:Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
4129:Corentin Louis Kervran
3997:Rapid prompting method
3885:Biodynamic agriculture
3875:Aquatic ape hypothesis
3733:Historical negationism
3436:Doctrine of signatures
3303:True-believer syndrome
2971:June 23, 2015, at the
2680:10.1001/jama.234.6.630
2610:Harvard Medical School
2486:Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
2242:(September 29, 2021).
1587:. September 24, 2010.
1118:The Upside-Down Doctor
620:mobile phone radiation
278:, a blogger listed by
249:University of Illinois
120:Joseph Michael Mercola
4134:The Light (newspaper)
4119:William Donald Kelley
4012:Voice stress analysis
3644:Climate change denial
3583:Wind turbine syndrome
3578:Vertebral subluxation
3471:Germ theory denialism
3157:. November 27, 2018.
2744:Institute of Medicine
2715:10.1093/ajcn/38.2.327
1978:"Pandemic Profiteers"
651:2023 Hawaii wildfires
647:Paris Climate Accords
573:Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
532:, the founder of the
343:Views and controversy
257:Midwestern University
160:osteopathic physician
78:Midwestern University
4124:Robert F. Kennedy Jr
4084:Ignatius L. Donnelly
3755:Past life regression
3614:Arabian Judah theory
3561:Traditional medicine
3354:Alternative medicine
3283:Pathological science
2809:. January 14, 2010.
2179:Alliance for Science
1847:Expert Opin Drug Saf
1488:. October 22, 2006.
613:scientific community
595:alters its chemistry
370:alternative medicine
265:Schaumburg, Illinois
156:alternative medicine
4409:HIV/AIDS denialists
4220:Demarcation problem
4054:Brigitte Boisselier
3683:Hollow Earth theory
3666:Generational theory
3364:Applied kinesiology
3062:on August 29, 2016.
2853:1994Sci...266.1642C
2275:The Washington Post
1896:on November 6, 2009
783:The Washington Post
374:dietary supplements
331:The Washington Post
272:Cape Coral, Florida
164:dietary supplements
4374:Anti-GMO activists
4290:Skeptical Inquirer
4189:Paul Joseph Watson
4164:Hans Alfred Nieper
4002:Statement analysis
3952:Intelligent design
3827:Reactionless drive
3661:Conversion therapy
3609:Ancient astronauts
3496:Leaky gut syndrome
3476:HIV/AIDS denialism
3231:Cargo cult science
3080:on August 29, 2014
2944:The New York Times
2915:10.1038/nm0406-369
2351:The New York Times
2248:The New York Times
1689:The New York Times
1511:Mercola J (2009).
1485:The New York Times
1453:The New York Times
1324:Mercola J (2007).
1209:The New York Times
1180:. March 24, 2021.
1033:Ronald PC (2018).
664:dietary supplement
418:influenza vaccines
414:vaccination policy
404:Anti-vaccine views
281:The New York Times
4341:
4340:
4252:Cults of Unreason
4225:Scientific method
4154:Ministry of Ayush
4099:Nicholas Gonzalez
4025:
4024:
3962:Law of attraction
3942:Flat Earth theory
3822:Quantum mysticism
3762:Scientific racism
3718:Pseudoarchaeology
3624:Conspiracy theory
3322:characterized as
3266:Pseudomathematics
3256:Pseudoarchaeology
3106:on April 22, 2014
2898:"Denying science"
2847:(5191): 1642–44.
2765:978-0-309-03879-9
2703:Am. J. Clin. Nutr
2149:Truth or Fiction?
1927:(49): 7799–7805.
1663:978-1-55581-417-5
1517:. Thomas Nelson.
1298:. April 5, 2018.
1268:. July 10, 2017.
857:. April 1, 1994.
687:COVID-19 pandemic
493:solution using a
491:hydrogen peroxide
304:The No-Grain Diet
270:Mercola lives in
219:, Mercola spread
217:COVID-19 pandemic
117:
116:
4426:
4194:Andrew Wakefield
3895:Creation science
3854:Water-fueled car
3816:Perpetual motion
3738:Holocaust denial
3708:Nibiru cataclysm
3703:Nazi archaeology
3506:Macrobiotic diet
3329:
3328:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3178:
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3087:
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3052:
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3045:
3043:
3041:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3009:Greenmedinfo.com
3000:
2994:
2981:
2975:
2962:
2956:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2917:
2908:(4): 369. 2006.
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2838:
2832:Cohen J (1994).
2829:
2823:
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2820:
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2787:
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2100:
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2015:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1982:
1974:
1965:
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1954:
1944:
1912:
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1885:
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1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1679:
1668:
1667:
1644:Entis P (2007).
1641:
1632:
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1607:
1601:
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1465:
1456:. May 18, 2003.
1444:
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1244:Business Insider
1234:
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1116:(June 4, 2021).
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947:
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938:
936:
927:. Archived from
914:
901:
900:
898:
896:
887:. May 25, 2003.
877:
871:
870:
868:
866:
847:
841:
840:
838:
836:
825:Chicago magazine
816:
791:
790:
774:
753:
740:
624:pseudoscientific
557:Robert W. Malone
546:Elizabeth Warren
292:(CCDH) in 2021.
241:department store
237:Marshall Field's
225:pseudoscientific
210:pseudoscientific
172:pseudoscientific
153:
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4210:Bogdanov affair
4198:
4178:Claude Vorilhon
4064:Robert Charroux
4039:Sucharit Bhakdi
4031:
4021:
3858:
3788:
3728:Genocide denial
3693:Japhetic theory
3688:Indigo children
3604:2012 phenomenon
3592:
3536:Patent medicine
3456:Energy medicine
3429:Colon cleansing
3414:Crystal healing
3349:Adrenal fatigue
3323:
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3013:
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3001:
2997:
2991:Wayback Machine
2982:
2978:
2973:Wayback Machine
2963:
2959:
2954:Wayback Machine
2942:
2938:
2930:Nature Medicine
2896:
2895:
2891:
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2800:
2796:
2783:
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2650:
2648:
2641:Huffington Post
2633:
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2604:
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2599:
2564:J Am Diet Assoc
2560:
2556:
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2447:Wayback Machine
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1650:Wiley-Blackwell
1642:
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1604:
1594:
1592:
1579:
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1564:
1562:
1555:The Dr. Oz show
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1345:
1338:
1330:. Mercola.com.
1322:
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963:Chicago Tribune
958:Wayback Machine
948:
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931:on July 6, 2009
915:
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885:Chicago Tribune
879:
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750:Wayback Machine
741:
737:
732:
715:
660:
609:AIDS denialists
581:
467:
461:
406:
372:treatments and
350:
345:
317:The Dr. Oz Show
312:avian influenza
306:(May 2003) and
300:bestseller list
233:
231:Life and career
168:medical devices
127:
123:
106:Sub-specialties
76:
60:
57:
54:
48:
46:
38:
37:Mercola in 2009
26:
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4269:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4203:Related topics
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4184:Randolph Stone
4181:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4159:Theodor Morell
4156:
4151:
4149:Joseph Mercola
4146:
4144:Jenny McCarthy
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4109:Graham Hancock
4106:
4104:Goop (company)
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4079:Vernon Coleman
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3844:Teleportation
3841:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3802:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3772:Melanin theory
3769:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3720:
3715:
3713:Parapsychology
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3663:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3597:Social science
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3546:Primal therapy
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3511:Magnet therapy
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3424:Detoxification
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3326:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3309:Voodoo Science
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3251:Fringe science
3243:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3204:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3181:
3173:
3172:
3155:The New Yorker
3142:
3117:
3091:
3065:
3047:
3021:
2995:
2976:
2957:
2936:
2889:
2824:
2794:
2764:
2728:
2693:
2658:
2627:
2597:
2554:
2536:New York Times
2521:
2476:
2450:
2431:
2400:
2363:
2337:
2309:
2281:
2260:
2231:
2203:
2184:
2166:
2133:
2102:
2076:
2046:
2007:
1966:
1907:
1880:
1834:
1802:
1772:
1737:
1695:
1669:
1662:
1633:
1602:
1572:
1542:
1524:978-1418534905
1523:
1503:
1471:
1439:
1413:
1384:
1358:
1337:978-0970557414
1336:
1313:
1283:
1253:
1229:
1190:
1160:
1134:
1100:
1064:
1044:978-0199342099
1043:
1025:
994:
968:
942:
902:
872:
842:
792:
754:
734:
733:
731:
728:
714:
711:
659:
656:
655:
654:
643:
627:
616:
605:
602:homogenization
600:Opposition to
598:
591:
588:
580:
577:
530:Ronnie Cummins
460:
457:
405:
402:
349:
346:
344:
341:
298:New York Times
276:Erin Elizabeth
232:
229:
115:
114:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
100:Medical career
96:
95:
93:Erin Elizabeth
90:
86:
85:
66:
62:
61:
58:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
25:Joseph Mercola
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4431:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4359:Living people
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4273:Fortean Times
4270:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4069:Deepak Chopra
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:pseudoscience
4028:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:Cryptozoology
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:Anti-gravity
3798:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3723:Pseudohistory
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3671:Generationism
3669:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:5G conspiracy
3627:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3619:Catastrophism
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3466:FasciaBlaster
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:Correactology
3402:
3400:
3399:Chromotherapy
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3324:pseudoscience
3317:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3261:Pseudohistory
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3246:Fringe theory
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3208:Pseudoscience
3202:
3197:
3195:
3190:
3188:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3139:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3121:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2933:
2931:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2791:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2709:(2): 327–32.
2708:
2704:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2674:(6): 630–31.
2673:
2669:
2662:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2570:(8): 922–26.
2569:
2565:
2558:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2492:(4): 355–81.
2491:
2487:
2480:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2438:The Atlantic
2435:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2404:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2313:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2285:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2253:September 30,
2249:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2140:
2138:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2091:. May 7, 2021
2090:
2086:
2080:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2014:
2012:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1839:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1638:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1355:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1318:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1233:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1060:
1054:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1001:
999:
982:
975:
973:
965:
964:
959:
955:
952:
946:
930:
926:
925:
920:
913:
911:
909:
907:
890:
886:
882:
876:
860:
856:
852:
846:
830:
826:
822:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
788:
784:
780:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
751:
747:
744:
739:
735:
727:
724:
720:
710:
708:
704:
703:pterostilbene
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
662:For his many
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:
621:
617:
614:
610:
606:
603:
599:
596:
592:
589:
586:
585:
584:
576:
574:
569:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
540:. The McGill
539:
535:
531:
526:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
476:
472:
466:
456:
452:
449:
447:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
401:
398:
392:
389:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
340:
337:
332:
327:
325:
324:
319:
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
299:
293:
291:
287:
283:
282:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
228:
226:
222:
218:
213:
211:
207:
202:
198:
194:
193:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
151:
121:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
70:
67:
63:
55:(age 70)
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4309:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4250:
4148:
4139:Mike Lindell
4059:Rhonda Byrne
4030:Promoters of
4017:Water memory
3957:Laundry ball
3849:Tractor beam
3805:Cold fusion
3501:Lunar effect
3446:Ear candling
3394:Chiropractic
3384:Bloodletting
3374:Bates method
3344:Aromatherapy
3307:
3273:Junk science
3165:November 27,
3163:. Retrieved
3154:
3145:
3136:
3130:
3120:
3108:. Retrieved
3104:the original
3094:
3082:. Retrieved
3078:the original
3068:
3060:the original
3050:
3038:. Retrieved
3034:
3024:
3012:. Retrieved
3008:
2998:
2979:
2960:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2905:
2901:
2892:
2882:September 2,
2880:. Retrieved
2844:
2840:
2827:
2815:. Retrieved
2797:
2789:
2782:. Retrieved
2756:10.17226/771
2738:
2731:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2649:. Retrieved
2640:
2630:
2618:. Retrieved
2600:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2547:February 17,
2545:. Retrieved
2534:
2524:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2469:February 11,
2467:. Retrieved
2463:
2453:
2434:
2422:. Retrieved
2413:
2403:
2391:. Retrieved
2386:
2354:. Retrieved
2350:
2340:
2330:September 6,
2328:. Retrieved
2324:Ars Technica
2322:
2312:
2300:. Retrieved
2294:
2284:
2273:
2263:
2251:. Retrieved
2247:
2234:
2222:. Retrieved
2218:The Guardian
2216:
2206:
2197:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2157:. Retrieved
2148:
2124:. Retrieved
2115:
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2088:
2079:
2067:. Retrieved
2058:
2049:
2037:. Retrieved
2025:
1998:. Retrieved
1984:
1942:10871/123840
1924:
1920:
1910:
1900:November 20,
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