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slow starvation, with bread and all other foods scarce and dear, fields without crops, frontiers without protection, existence without hope. Even when there was almost nothing to eat
Spaniards could feel themselves well-fed if they could believe in their dream; once the dream vanished, all crumbled away. Jose Fernando of Bavaria had been the point around which fantasy could weave compensating patterns of national dignity, at his death the insubstantial fabric disappeared.
1362:"Testamento del Rey Don Carlos II. Cláusula de dclaraciĂłn de sucesor y heredero de la Corona de España". Madrid, 11 November 1698. In Baviera y BorbĂłn, Adalberto, Prince of; Maura Gamazo, Gabriel, Duke of Maura: "Documentos inĂ©ditos referentes a las postrimerĂas de la Casa de Austria en España (1678–1703)" Volume II. Real Academia de la Historia (p. 1871)
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found numerous followers among the nobles dissatisfied with the German clique of
Mariana of Neuburg. According to rumors circulated by the court, there was a plot which intended to lock up the Queen and bring Prince Joseph Ferdinand to Madrid, to be placed on the throne under the regency of the Queen Mother and her chief supporters.
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The Queen Mother died on May 16, 1696. Her triumph was a posthumously signed will in which her son, Charles II, decreed in
September 1696 his great-nephew Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria, the heir to the monarchy. In the State Council of June 13, 1696, an intermediate position between the French and the
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At the
Spanish court, conflict over the succession of Charles II emerged between the two Marianas—the Queen Mother and the Consort—sparking a period of intense political tension and intrigue from 1693 to 1696, culminating in the death of the Queen Mother. The Bavarian cause, led by the Queen Mother,
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It was as if the one iron band holding together a crumbling ruin had suddenly broken; the mystical joy gave way to very material discontent. The population which had been exalted by patriotic fantasy into a state of euphoria that bore no relation whatever to their daily experiences, now saw life as
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I declare my legitimate successor in all my kingdoms, states and dominions, the
Electoral Prince Maximilian Joseph, only son of the Archduchess Maria Antonia, my niece, and Electoral Duke of Bavaria, who was also the only child of the Empress Margaret, my sister, who married the Emperor, my uncle,
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The stubborn defence of the nomination by the pro-Bavarian
Cardinal Portocarrero, become a key policy of the last years of the reign of Charles II. The Cardinal prevented Charles II from succumbing to the influence of his wife and possibly summoning a Parliament to modify the testament.
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In
September of that year Charles II had a severe relapse so the State Council resolved to force the King to sign the will in June. The King had a relapse on October 9, so that the State Council reconvened. At that meeting the Bavarian party got the will pushed through and
337:, to succeed Charles II. In an attempt to limit his grandson's succession rights and strengthen the claim of his son, Emperor Leopold I had forced his daughter, Maria Antonia (the Electoral Prince's mother), to waive her inheritance rights before she died.
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on
February 6, 1699, at the age of six, leaving the Spanish Succession uncertain again. His death was quite sudden, marked by seizures, vomiting and prolonged loss of consciousness. He was rumored to have been poisoned by his grandfather
66:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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During the minority of Joseph
Ferdinand, the regency instituted by the will appointed a governing board which supported Mariana of Austria during the minority of Charles II, headed by Cardinal Portocarrero, the
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The
Spanish refused to have their empire divided without being consulted, and on 14 November 1698, Charles II published his will making Joseph Ferdinand heir to an independent and undivided Spanish Empire.
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my sister wherefore the said Electoral Prince Joseph Ferdinand as sole heir of this right, a man closest to me in the most immediate and direct line, is my legitimate successor in all of them ...
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imperial candidates for succession, in which Joseph Ferdinand was featured as the candidate best suited to the succession. In the end Charles wrote a will in which he declared the
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first the line of succession to all my kingdoms, by the will of the king, my lord and father, as claimed by the laws of those kingdoms, as has been said; the exclusion of the
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In early 1698 Portocarrero presented the king with a new report of the State Council in favor of the Bavarian Succession. The monarch wanted to consult with
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Mariana of Neuburg reacted against the Testament by having Catalonia seized, and German troops were sent to Toledo and Madrid, while her cousin,
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was signed with England on September 8 and the United Provinces on 11 October. It provided that the peninsular kingdoms, with the exception of
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His mother died soon after his birth. He was then left in the charge of his grandfather, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, as his father was in
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with his troops. The French Ambassador to Madrid, Henri, duc d’Harcourt, met 6000 soldiers who had arrived in Madrid ready to intervene.
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agreed in The Hague with the maritime powers on the distribution of the Spanish Crown's lands on the death of Charles II: the
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would swear an oath on the death of Charles II. Joseph Ferdinand came to the Flemish capital on 23 May 1698. Meanwhile,
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Charles II of Spain suffered from ill health for most of his life and seemed likely to die childless. Because the
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Mariana of Austria and Imperial Spain: Court, Dynastic, and International Politics in Seventeenth-Century Europe
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forced King Charles II to sign the testament in favor of the Electoral Prince of Bavaria: only the
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would remain in possession of the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, as well as the
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due to its alignment with the emerging balance of power doctrine in Europe.
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Prince Joseph Ferdinand was born in Vienna on October 28, 1692, son of Duke
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1584:Kamen, Henry
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82:edit summary
73:
40:
32:
1744:1699 deaths
1739:1692 births
1605:21 November
1568:21 November
1498:21 November
1470:21 November
1433:24 November
1240:24 November
1134:Bluche 1990
1119:21 November
1067:21 November
1012:21 November
1713:Categories
986:References
37:in Spanish
1691:Leopold I
1525:Hume 1906
1513:Hume 1906
1396:Louis XIV
1315:Hume 1906
1279:Hume 1906
1267:Hume 1906
1212:Hume 1906
451:Leopold I
418:GuipĂşzcoa
410:Louis XIV
399:Barcelona
312:Philip IV
265:Leopold I
100:talk page
1667:(1983).
1653:(1963).
1639:(1906).
1586:(1969).
1488:(1974).
1426:Philip V
1423:(2001).
1393:(1990).
1230:(1970).
1109:(2000).
1057:(1836).
455:Brussels
446:smallpox
428:and the
318:and the
276:Brussels
177:Brussels
162:, Vienna
76:provide
1630:Sources
465:ended.
316:England
148:in 1698
98:to the
80:in the
39:.
1698:
1677:
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367:Regent
288:Munich
284:Vienna
255:, 1695
209:Mother
199:Father
243:Youth
188:House
60:DeepL
1696:ISBN
1675:ISBN
1607:2023
1594:ISBN
1570:2023
1557:ISBN
1500:2023
1472:2023
1435:2023
1401:ISBN
1242:2023
1193:ISBN
1121:2023
1069:2023
1014:2023
935:15.
877:14.
815:13.
757:12.
693:11.
635:10.
286:for
167:Died
154:Born
74:must
72:You
53:View
903:7.
841:3.
783:6.
719:1.
661:5.
599:2.
573:9.
541:4.
515:8.
62:or
1715::
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432:.
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102:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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