José Batlle y Ordóñez

1748:

by the authorities who are in charge of fulfilling such a lofty social mission, dedicating their activities to the organization of services respective implanted in great part in the capital and that, gradually it is tried to extend to the departments of the interior. There are 11 assistance houses operating in the capital, including hospitals and asylums, and 12 hospitals, 5 aid rooms and a colony for the insane in charge of the National Public Assistance, with 25,811 individuals having received assistance in all of them during the past year, a figure which had not yet been reached in our country, which indicates the increase that the public service in question has taken." A Permanent Assistance medical service was inaugurated on March the 1st 1913, with "its true importance could be appreciated, proving its undeniable usefulness, to the point that there has already been a need to expand the elements it has, in order to respond, if not in a complete way, at least very effective, to the needs of the population. The number of emergency assistance, 11,600, in just ten months of operation, is the most eloquent demonstration of the usefulness that the new service provides." Measures were adopted to relieve overcrowding in the Hospital Maciel, including the acquisition of Doecker pavilions, while "The lease of the building in which the British Hospital was installed for many years was resolved, in order to expand the services of the Maciel Hospital, and thus, using that premises, and the extensions that were also made in the year 1913 in the Germán Segura Pavilion, a bit of relief has been achieved for the old Charity Hospital, even though it has not been able to stay within its hygienic proportions." In addition, other improvements "can be noted in the Maciel Hospital during the past year. The transfer of the Electricity Section to another more apparent location within the same Hospital, which contemplates the most rigorous demands of science and in which a very complete installation of apparatus has been made; the installation in a place near the aforementioned establishment, of the Urinary Tract Clinic, whose service is attended by a truly extraordinary number of patients; the replacement of the current poor lighting of the surgery rooms by a system adopted with great success in the United States and in some European countries, having empowered the General Directorate to acquire the necessary equipment, and others, are important improvements made in the said hospital."

1728:

requesting that the discount suffered by Passive Classes in general be reduced to 10%. The measure came to favor 3,739 people. The Assembly also completely abolished the 19% tax on assignments and salaries that did not exceed $ 660 per year and reduced that of the largest to 10%. Another law more effectively protected retirees and school pensioners. A network of popular libraries was set up, and the capital of the Bank of the Republic, which issued currency and directly loaned money to the public, was substantially increased, while a series of economic-development institutes in fishing, geological drilling, industrial chemistry, agriculture and ranching were set up. A bill that was converted into law and put into execution authorized an issue of Public Debt for the amount of $ 500,000 "for the purchase or expropriation of land that would be divided into farms and resold on the basis of combinations with the Mortgage Bank of Uruguay." These colonization centers would be set up "in the most appropriate places due to the unnatural nature of the land, its proximity to the roads of communication and transportation facilities to the centers of consumption, for which 'the necessary facilities of the railways would be opportunely managed, and around the Agronomic Stations, as a means of taking advantage of the progressive impulse of the high agricultural education and the suggestive example of the experimental farms." Under an Act of January the 19th 1912 a rural credit section was established within the Bank of the Republic and the formation of local rural credit banks was authorized. By the law of 11 January 1912 the effects of a provision of 1906 that authorized the Executive to import cereal seeds for resale at cost price, free of customs duties, were extended. The Bank of the Republic was also nationalized, with previous laws paving the way for this. As noted by one study "The laws of July 1907 and 17 November 1908 – sanctioned by Batllist chambers – prepared the nationalization of the Bank." Under the law of 17 July 1907, as noted by one study, "$ 1,000,000 was transferred from the national treasury surplus to increase the capital of the Bank and by the law of 17 November 1908 it was provided that whenever the public revenues exceeded expenditures the dividends on the Bank shares held by the government were to be utilized automatically to acquire the second series of shares originally destined for public distribution."

1760:

that has concerned the aforementioned Corporation has been that related to the construction of the buildings that will serve as the seat of the two most important dependencies of the benefactor Institution: the Educational Colony for Men and the Reformatory of girls. The works of the first of the mentioned buildings, for which Your Honorability has sanctioned a law that authorizes the investment of the sum of $ 100,000,—promulgated on June 16 of last year,—are well advanced, since it is about to be finished. the first pavilion for asylum seekers, the second being halfway through its construction. In addition, the building that will be used for the Subdirectorate and the one that will be the house-room of the Subdirector, are already out of the foundations, and it is expected that this first section of the works will be inaugurated before the middle of the current year. Around $ 50,000 have been spent on the execution of the two pavilions and the Subdirectorate." Provisional constructions that had started at the end of 1912 were completed, "constructions that put the old pastoral establishment in a position to regularly receive close to one hundred asylum seekers, which include: lodging, with three large bedrooms for minors, rooms for employees, dining rooms for employees and minors, kitchens, storage rooms, pantry and two rooms to teach primary instruction classes." Also, "In the house that served as lodging for the owners of the old cabin and that today constitutes the seat of the central offices of the Colony, a comfortable extension of four rooms was made. In addition, the facilities of the Colony were completed with some rural constructions, pigsties, a cistern and a pool, which is supplied through. a water motor from a well for washing clothes, irrigation pipes, a box for the lighting service, enabling a small pavilion duly refurbished for nursing and medicine cabinet. These works, carried out in the old buildings that existed, and which, with the temporary extensions, have meant that the establishment for the Protection of Minors in question could be operating a year ago, have cost $ 13,050."

1625:

women and children, a weekly rest day, and prohibition of the labour of women for four weeks after child-birth "during which period the State would provide suitable financial support." The bill's main objective was the eight-hour day but despite having a workable majority in Congress "he was unable to persuade his party to accept this radical innovation." On 26 June 1911 a new labor bill was sent to Congress by Batlle which provided for an eight-hour day "without the intermediate period of one year established in his earlier bill and with broadened coverage," repeated provisions as to weekly rest and child labour, and increased the compulsory period of rest after child-birth to forty-five days. On 31 May 1913 the Chamber approved in general Batlle's project modified by its Labor Commission, with provisions on child labor and women's work left aside to include them in a separate project, as well as the day of rest. A Chamber Committee had left out these provisions to simplify passage and Batlle, according to one study, "to close off accusations of Godless crackpotism, acknowledged that the one-day-in-six provision was "an aspiration for the future," and agreed to the committee's procedures. The chamber leadership knew what Batlle wanted, and the Chamber voted down requests for delay for additional documentation." The Chamber voted 44 in favor and 8 against. As discussions in the House developed, several conservative Colorado legislators tried to reactivate a proposal to increase the working day by 3 hours through a contract, but that initiative was rejected. By voice vote, with the result being sufficiently close for Gregorio L. Rodríguez (the deputy who put forward the 3 hour overtime provision as an amendment) to call for a second vote, overtime was defeated. In the Senate, however, approval was hindered until the chambers were renewed on 17 November 1915, when the project was finally voted affirmatively.

1634:

party program. Manini summed up Colorado accomplishments in 40 years of power and outlined a 5-point program. This included constitutional reform, concern for labor, economic self-sufficiency, increase of rural population, and reduction of taxes on consumption. As noted by one study however, "None of the points proposed anything specific. For example, the labor plank invoked the standard consoling fiction “It is an exaggeration to present these problems in our society in the almost dreadful terms in which they are agitated … in some European societies." In 1907 Jose Espalter was tasked with drawing up a party program that would include constitutional refor, separation of Church and State, municipal autonomy, and labor legislation. The program favored reduction of consumption taxes and the enacting of progressive taxation, not of the magnitude that would despoil private fortunes but rather "a limited and moderate progression, whose rate oscillates between certain limits." In addition, the State had a right to intervene in labor questions, but "It is a matter of elevated inspiration and exquisite tact." At the end of the Batlle's first government in February 1907, the National Convention of the Colorado Party met and formulated a declaration of principles. These were "Reform of the Constitution; universal suffrage, that is, authorization to vote in favor of all citizens; election of the President of the Republic directly by the people; proportional representation of the parties; autonomous municipalities; the rights of assembly and association are not expressly enshrined in the Constitution and that gap must be filled; separation: of Church and State; easy naturalization of foreigners; decrease in consumption taxes, establishing instead a progressive tax; solution of problems related to capital and labor, within the limits of justice, law and freedom."

1601:"After having fulfilled the primary duty of rendering solicitous care to the sick wounded of the last conflict, the Government has devoted its attention to the improvement of this important branch, and hopes to obtain satisfactory results. During this period, the National Council of Hygiene sponsored the project of one of its members on the creation of establishments called 'Gota de Leche,' so beneficial to the health of children and to the education of mothers because it provides them with resources and knowledge to raise their children properly. This mission was entrusted to the National Commission of Charity and efforts will be made to complete it through a law that protects newborns and prevents their mothers from abandoning them when exercising the profession of wet nurses. By continuing to apply the current international sanitary agreement, said Council planned to establish a disinfection center in the port, and by accepting said project, the Government offered to provide a credit of $ 32,000 to be repaid. In addition, said Council was authorized to acquire a steamer equipped with the necessary apparatus for the maritime health service. It was proposed to create the post of terrestrial health inspector whose mission will be to travel to any point in the Republic where an epidemic develops in order to adopt the appropriate measures with due authority and competence. At present, a project to reform the organic law of the Council, the formation of the 'Codex medicamentarius' and several regulations that have to complete the health service are being studied. For the rest, the sanitary state of the Republic is excellent and the municipal authorities cooperate with the National Council of Hygiene to improve all this service and ensure that the ordinances are strictly applied and that a true zeal is shown in combating contagious diseases." 1756:

construction of the San Eugenio Hospital is nearing completion. The magnificent building of the Hospital de la Colonia has been completed and enabled, having transferred to it the Aid Room, which worked in precarious conditions. It is a hospital built in accordance with the modern progress of hospital hygiene. Significant improvements have been made in the Durazno Aid Room, with the construction of an operating room, a restroom and an autopsy room." Also, several ordinances "with the approval of the government have been put into force in the previous period, being able to cite the one that includes epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis among those of obligatory declaration; the one that authorizes the use of a poster announcing the presence of contagious diseases; the one that declares disinfection optional in cases of measles; the one that determines certain precepts to avoid contagion of epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis, etc." Other developments included the installation of a small analysis laboratory in the Prostitution Dispensary and another larger and more complete one in the "Doctor Germán Segura" Pavilion, "which indicate an evident improvement in the health service against avariosis, since by virtue of these works, been able to place the fight against such a terrible evil on a completely scientific terrain. In the Lazaretto of the Island of Flores, a reinforced concrete tank has been built, destined to provide drinking water at all times to the personnel of the Island and to the passengers who remain there for observation. In the aforementioned Island of Flores, the reinforced concrete bridge that permanently ensures the passage between the second and third islands has been completed, a work of real importance that will render innumerable services to that Sanitary Station."

1752:

given lodging. As for the men section, the transfer of some one hundred to the Alienated Colony, and the adoption of other measures that will be put into practice, allow us to suppose that in the future the situation of the referred hospital will improve." Also, "In the course of the past year, the existing facilities in the Alienated Colony have been completed, which were converted into large pavilions for alienated persons, having transferred to them more than 200 inmates, in unbeatable conditions, insofar as it is related to hygiene and safety. comfort they enjoy. In addition to the construction of the kitchen, dining room for the sick and related services, a Doecker pavilion with 25 beds and chalets were built for the director, administrator and butler's homes." Ina addition, "Active work has been done to complete two works of great importance: one refers to the new pavilions of the Fermín Ferreyra Hospital, which will accommodate 240 patients. These pavilions are now completely finished, and very soon they will be released to public service. The other work to which I refer is the Maternity Pavilion and Shelter for Pregnant Women, which is also expected to be enabled as soon as possible." Also, in the Asilo Dámaso Larrañaga, the construction of the classrooms, which occupy the upper part of the building facing San Salvador Street, was completed. This work, for which all requirements in terms of capacity, ventilation and light have been considered, allowed the expansion of the original, insufficient premise. Also, "The benefits that are expected from the School of Nurses, and the convenience of definitively incorporating it into Public Assistance, led to the acceptance of the offer of sale made by the owners of the building in which it is installed."

1768:

agricultural advances to the same rural producer. This is a complementary task of the Agronomic Schools, whose productions can be easily appreciated, since instructing the farmer or rancher on the ground implies the immediate application of the education received for the benefit of increasing and improving rural production." Also, "With the help of the publications, it has also been possible to bring new teachings to the campaign, using, instead of long-read magazines, bulletins of a few pages, with simple instructions and practices written in a style completely within the reach of our rural inhabitants. Seven of these bulletins have been published in the year, five of which have appeared after the month of September, which reveals the effort made, bringing teachings on fruit horticulture; utility, planting and care of trees; land preparation, seed selection and crop rotation; wheat pairing; orange tree cultivation, etc. These publications have circulated profusely and free of charge throughout the campaign, since the editions carried out so far exceed one hundred thousand copies. In addition, the technical personnel of the Inspection have collaborated assiduously in the Magazine of the Ministry of Industries, as evidenced by the fact that more than twenty works have appeared in that publication, and the Zone Agronomic Inspectors publish teaching articles at least every fortnight." In addition, "The Seed Section is well advanced in its work to establish control over the seeds that are sold in commerce, so that farmers acquire good quality grains,—and just as the Chemistry Section has established minimum rates for that farmers and landowners can have land, seeds and rural products in general analyzed, with the benefits that can be imagined."

1780:

the Colegiado for some years, unlike the present arrangement in which every incoming president was free to reverse or ignore his predecessor’s policies." The Colegiado proposal, however, was not welcomed by several politicians. Cabinet ministers resigned, and the majority of the Senate (despite consisting of men personally chosen by Batlle) announced that it would not bring up for debate the legislation that would enable a Constitutional Convention. An unforeseen gold crisis also struck Uruguay. As one study summed up this depressing situation: "Financing businesses became difficult; financing new government projects became impossible. The Bank of the Republic’s gold holdings dropped below its charter requirements, and it stopped granting credit. Business was depressed, international trade decreased, government revenues dropped, and the budget surplus became a budget deficit. Workers’ wages kept falling, and unemployment rose. Only ranchers, whose meat, wool, and hide exports were bringing first good, and then astronomical, prices were prospering, but they were holding on to their money in these troubled times." Nevertheless, Batlle resisted economic retrenchment and quickly responded to the political crisis. He chose a new cabinet from the young and obscure members of the Colorado Party, men who were committed Colegialists. In an election held on 30 November 1914, the mainstream of the Colorados, the Colegialists, gained 60% of the votes cast, and would have 68 seats in the Chamber of Deputies as opposed to the Nationalists’ 21, while The Anticolegialists did not win a single seat.

1089:

for the general welfare, comfort, and hygiene." As one study noted, Batlle intended the power plant "to be only the first of a set of state enterprises that would provide low-cost services, simultaneously saving the public money and keeping Uruguayan capital from being shipped abroad as profits by foreign companies operating in the country." In 1911 the administration nationalized BROU, a savings and loan institution that monopolized the printing of money, while also establishing industrial institutes for geology and drilling (coal and hydrocarbon explorations), industrial chemistry, and fisheries. In 1914 the administration purchased the North Tramway and Railway Company (which later became the State Railways Administration). In agriculture, a number of government institutes were established "dedicated to technological research and development in the fields of livestock raising, dairying, horticulture, forestation, seeds, and fodder." A protectionist policy for industry was also pursued, with the government imposing, as noted by one study, "tariffs on foreign products, favoring machinery and raw materials imports, and granting exclusive licensing privileges to those who started a new industry." Indigenous companies also emerged, although foreign capital (especially from Britain and the U.S.A), as noted by one study, "also took advantage of the legislation and came to control the meat industry. The growth of the frigorífico meat-processing industry also stimulated the interbreeding of livestock, Uruguay's main source of wealth."

2099:

study, "It was the first election in thirty years in which the outcome was not predetermined." In the 1905 elections for the House of Diputados, Batlle's sector the Batllistas won 57.7% of the vote. In subsequent elections for the House of Diputados and the Constituency Assembly the Batllistas continued to perform well, winning 64.2% of the vote in 1907, 79.9% of the vote in 1910, 60% of the vote in 1913, 45.2% of the vote in 1916, 49.3% of the vote in 1917, 29.5% of the vote in 1919, and 52.2% of the vote in 1920. Also, in the elections of 1905, 1907 and 1913, in nineteen departments Batllismo won in seventeen. According to one observer "Batllismo, from 1911 to 1915, was all-powerful, dominated absolutely in the Chamber of Deputies, it had some reservations in the Senate. There was not a single nationalist representative in the Senate at that time." As noted by one study, "Until 1917, Batllismo dominated the successive elections and obtained its best result in 1910 with 79.9 % of the votes." As noted by another study, "The institutional difficulty resulting from the complex reading of the results was apparently not immediately perceived by contemporaries, but it came to the forefront when in January 1917 the legislative elections held according to the traditional rule of public vote gave Batlle back control of both chambers." One study has noted that 1917 "Batllismo had the majority in the chambers that it lacked in the Constituent Assembly."

1744:

settlers. In doing so, it seeks, undoubtedly, to eliminate by competition the colonizing companies that had little or no regard for the interests of the colonists, and that for the same reason — and especially due to the peremptory terms for repayment of the loan — led to failure to most colonizing attempts." The aforementioned law authorized the P.E. to issue a colonization loan worth 500,000 pesos, for "purchase and subdivision of land for agricultural colonization." (art.2) The lots "will be sold in cash or for a term of up to thirty years with a mortgage guarantee, which the P.E. can transfer to the Mortgage Bank by issuing bonds (art.3)." The same Power is also authorized to expropriate the necessary lands "for which purpose it is already declared of public utility" (art. 4), and said lands "shall be free from the payment of Real Estate Tax for a term of ten years and from executions and embargoes originating from debts contracted by the settlers before and during the first five years, except for mortgages." Also, to avoid the concentration of land, it is indicated that "no settler may buy more than one farm". On 6 February 1915, by decree of the P.E., "it was a matter of promoting colonization in a certain specialized sense; In effect, the Colonization Advisory Commission is authorized to buy land for forestry, granting properties with payment facilities to whoever commits to carry out forest plantations in a third of its surface."

1610:

predominates, the working classes." In a speech he made during his first presidency, Batlle described his Colorado Party as one that was concerned with peoples' well-being, stating that "I cannot accompany you in supporting the motto that you carry "Down with peace", because my duty as President of the Republic is to guarantee peace and harmony, because peace means advancement, progress, the well-being of the people, which is the true motto of the Colorado Party. I declare that if I had been brought to this position to provoke the war, I would not have accepted it; but I can guarantee that in this conflict, in which the Nation has been so unjustly involved, I will preserve by all legal means the Colorado Party's stay in power, which currently means the stability of the constitutional order, making an effort at the same time to avoid bloodshed, the ruin of national wealth and all the horrors that civil content brings, as an obligatory procession. It is not enough for the Party to have power, it is necessary to govern to do good, it is necessary to govern with honor for the same." One 1913 study reflected this view, stating that (in relation to the late Nineteenth Century) "In the proximity of the '73 elections, and as always, his first act was to formulate a concise exposition of ideas that honors our party annals. This was the obsessive concern of our party, to root more and more in the field of law, freedom and social justice."

1647:, where he proposed a plan for a society of nations to maintain peace. After the conference adjourned Batlle visited Switzerland; becoming familiar with the contributions that country made to the science of government. By December 1909, agitation was begun by the Colorado Party to make him their candidate in 1911. A small conservative anti-Batlle sentiment within the Colorado Party "was lost in a growing tide of enthusiasm for a renomination." On July the 3rd 1910 Batlle's candidacy was unanimously proclaimed by the party's national committee. Batlle stated in a letter to the party's committee while he was in Europe the kind of platform he could stand for. Apart from his reiterated advocacy of an eight-hour day, Batlle "took a stand for popular instead of legislative election of the national president; for proportional representation of parties in the congress; for assurance of such workers’ rights as those to life, health, and culture; for full protection of children, women, the ill, and the aged; for free and assisted immigration; for free public instruction in all its levels and obligatory education at the elementary level; for assistance to stock raising and agriculture and the stimulation of national industry; for the organization by the state of all services social interest." According to one study, "Truly it was a broad platform, hewn to a political design far in advance of its time." 1844:

rights and civil equality for women; the status of the public official; the Labor Code, with regulations on the work of women and minors; workers' insurance for disability; hygiene and safety in workshops; work accident insurance; measures for forced unemployment; conciliation and arbitration, as a solution to the strike; economical and hygienic rooms for urban and rural workers; improvement and development of assistance; vocational technical schools; construction of urban and rural schools, improvement of salaries and guarantees in the appointments and promotions of teaching personnel; compulsory physical education, free vocational education courses, popular libraries; reform of the tax system, deducting essential items; promotion of industries derived from the use of the country's raw material, promotion of public works and improvement of means of transportation." Other Colorado factions emerged in later years, such as Vierismo and Sosismo, both of which presented themselves as politically progressive. Sosismo identified itself with the defense of workers' rights while "emphasizing the need for a Colorado agreement to overcome internal divisions and thus avoid the triumph of the whites." Vierismo characterized the National Party "as a conservative, retrograde, anti-democratic, anti-liberal group, and opposed to foreigners, to social-labour rights, to workers and to the humble classes."

1589:

the work undertaken by the League. The Conversion and Public Works Loan Law passed in 1906 earmarked $ 1,000,000 for school construction. That amount was reinforced with $ 200,000 and later with $ 300,000 during Battle's second administration. The university curriculum was expanded, foreign professors and technicians were brought in, and scholarships for study in Europe and the United States were set up. University expansion also took place. A decree authorized a long-needed house-to-house property reassessment of Montevideo; "the decree required land to be evaluated separately from improvements." For the first time, army and police uniforms were required to be made from Uruguayan cloth, while the government also stipulated the piece rate paid the seamstresses who sewed the uniforms. Under a law of the 27th September 1906 the name of an enterprise was changed to Usina Eléctrica de Montevideo, "with exclusive privilege of selling electric light and power in Montevideo for twenty years." The Executive was given power to fix rates, while profits "after setting aside 15 per cent for reserves, were to go to the Junta Económico-Administrativa de Montevideo. The Act’s original purpose had been to enable the Usina to meet power requirements, but the law was passed on the promise of lower lighting rates and better service on the insistence of the Cámara de Representantes."

1585:

of construction of the Pereira-Rossell Children's Hospital and the inauguration of the Military Hospital. In 1905, Batlle negotiated and obtained from the Assembly the abolition of 10% and 5% reductions on salaries of less than $ 360 a year. A decree established the Central Board of Aid, "under whose supervision the National Charity Commission acted, in the relief and hospitalization of the wounded and sick of the civil war of 1904." A law that authorized the introduction of electric traction in the trams of La Comercial had been vetoed by the Government of Battle's predecessor Cuestas in 1902 on the grounds that the traction systems were in their infancy and that the term of 75 years was excessively long. One of the first measures of Batlle's administration consisted in the withdrawal of that veto, and thanks to this the work began immediately. The Executive Power justified this decision by arguing that the change of traction was a progress that Montevideo demanded and that it would have "effective repercussions in the improvement of the housing of the working class, due to the ease with which he will be able to transpose daily the distances that separate the habitual center of occupations from the localities where land ownership can still be obtained relatively cheaply."

1595:"In the past year, the National Charity Commission has had to attend, apart from the ordinary services entrusted to it by law, the numerous wounded and sick from the armed forces, and provide the mobilized corps and the organized expeditions with by the Central Aid Board, the healing elements and the necessary medicines. This extraordinary attention has not prevented, however, the continuation of the expansion and improvement plan begun in previous years, among them worthy of mention the completion and fitting out of the new women's department in the Asylum for Beggars and Chronic People; the expansion of the infirmary of the Asylum for Foundlings and Orphans; the inauguration of electric lighting in the Hospital; several sanitation works in the Isolation House and other works, although of less importance, all tending to improve the hygienic conditions of the Nursing Homes and Hospices. The National Commission has also cooperated with its revenues to support the Dispensaries of the Anti-Tuberculosis League and some departmental hospitals, and has contributed, by dispensing prescriptions free of charge, to the action of Home Public Assistance and various philanthropic societies." 1614:

granted police permits to parade through the center of Montevideo. According to one study "They sang the Internationale and heard fiery speeches. One speaker exulted that Uruguay now led South America in modern ideas because of its President’s liberalism." On another occasion during his first presidency, Batlle helped resolve a rail strike. This occurred after a union formed by railroad workers made a list of demands that the railroad rejected, including dismissal payments to men over 50 who were discharged, 2 days off with pay every month, wages of 80 pesos a month for locomotive engineers and 1 peso and 20 cents a day for manual laborers, and an 8-hour day 6 months a year and a 10-hour day the other 6 months. Claudio Williman, the railroad's former attorney, was sent by Batlle to offer himself as mediator. As noted by one study, the railroad "knew Batlle’s pro-labor sympathies, verified by Williman’s presence, and accepted most of the striker’s demands, It drew a line at recognizing the union, but promised to take back the strike leaders in due time-a remarkable concession. The jubilant strikers returned to work."

1736:

campaign to promote old age provision among the poorer classes. As noted by one study, this type of insurance, known as Seguro popular, "was offered without medical examination and without rigid requirements for payment of premium. The poor man was enabled 'to substitute an insurance policy for a savings bank account.' With an ordinary policy he might lose by being unable to continue paying premiums due to loss of his job, but with seguro popular he could deposit money whenever he wished; in the event of becoming incapacitated he withdrew the full amount of his contributions plus 6 percent interest; if he died before the date of policy payment his savings would go to his heirs; if he lived to old age he had a permanent income." A law of 10 November 1916 "provided that capital payments up to $ 5,000 and income up to $ 1,200 annually derived from seguro popular could not be attached." However, "Seguro popular (really a deferred annuity with special clauses) failed to gain favour with the public and in 1936 there were less than 200 policies of that type outstanding."

1577:"Public employees who have more than 10 years of service and are unable to continue due to illness, disability or advanced age; employees who, after having served the same number of years, cease due to termination of employment or exoneration, not due to omission or crime; and those with more than 30 years of service and 60 years of age. The mother, the widow and the minor and unmarried children of public employees are entitled to a pension. The Fund is integrated with the help of a monthly fee of 6,000 pesos paid by the State, (doubled later), the monthly discount of one day's salary for employees (5% later) and other lesser taxes. The funds will be invested in public debt securities. Retirement will be as many thirty-thirds of the average salary that the employee has enjoyed in the last five years, as long as the years of service rendered. The pension in favor of the relatives of the employee, will be half of the retirement, Retirements and pensions can not be seized or disposed of." 1764:

them we can mention: the approval of a Regulation that establishes the obligation of periodic visits by the Inspectors to the minors delivered in precarious custody and the creation of a system of checkbooks destined to record the way in which the givers fulfill their mission. ; the formation of the money of the minors who work in the radio workshops assigned to them in the Prison and in the works or tasks of the Colony of Suárez; obligatory intervention of the Council in every transfer of minors to the various houses of Public Assistance, as well as for their retirement; surveillance of certain workshops against which the Council had received a complaint that they imposed excessive hours on minors; intervention of the Legal Advisor of the corporation in all the demands established by the Inspector of the Council to whom the respective power has been granted, in order to legally demand the collection of the monthly payments owed by the guardians to their wards, etc."

1297:. By March 1887 however, as noted by one study, "Batlle was ready to launch upon a new aspect of his life's work, that of reorganizing and revivifying the Colorado Party." Batlle's time in the journalistic battle had convinced him that the Colorado Party still had a "powerful vitality" but had been seriously discredited and comprised by several dictatorships carrying the Colorado label. As noted by one study, "Batlle was convinced that the Colorado Party "must recover its prestige" so that the country could enter an era that he characterized as "institutional truth, fruitful freedom, order and solid and enlightened progress." Faced with the lack of structure of the Colorado Party in 1903, the elected President of the Republic became its natural guide, since his influence was decisive for the appointments of candidates and Political Leaders; and Batlle used that power to promote numerous changes in the party organization." 1339:"Batlle had been working to reorganize the Colorado Party so that it could win real elections and name presidents. Herrera y Obes saw the party’s role differently it should be the instrument of the president, not his superior; the power of the government, not the broad base of the party, would win the elections. When Herrera y Obes proceeded to name the Colorado candidates for the legislature, Batlle broke with the President. And when Idiarte Borda continued Herrera y Obes’ political tactics and combined them with overt corruption, Batlle erupted in Colorado party meetings and in the press. The young grocery clerk who assassinated Borda in ’97, during Saravia’s revolution, had been inspired, he said, by the bitter articles against the President in opposition newspapers, but evil tongues insisted that Batlle’s connection with the assassination was more direct than merely writing blistering press editorials." 1275:. In 1881 Batlle assumed the editorship of La Razon to oppose the government of General Santos. Batlle was exposed to all kinds of threats until one night his house was assaulted and an attempt made against the life of his father at whom shots were fired but which fortunately missed their mark. In 1885 Batlle returned to the journalistic field in company with the famous journalist Dr. Teofilo D. Gil. He and Gil devoted themselves to preparing the public sentiment for a revolutionary outbreak. As noted by one study, however, "Hardly had the opportunity arrived when Batlle, who had started with Rufino T. Dominguez the organization of the first battalion of volunteers, abandoned the pen of the journalist, emigrated to Buenos Aires, and devoted himself exclusively to the work of a soldier, until the unfortunate issue of the struggle at Quebracho." in 1886 Batlle founded the newspaper 2090:"It can be stated without hyperbole that our country has never enjoyed a prosperity superior to the present one or more complete civil and political liberty, from the time it was organized constitutionally. The national energies have been developing with increasing vigor in all economic fields, and for its part the Government has put all its zeal for the public interest into intelligently aiding the progress of the nation. Public works have received a considerable impulse; higher education is moving toward new and fruitful orientations which will widen our general culture and make our principle industries, ranching and agriculture, more scientific. Government income has increased in unprecedented fashion, permitting us to end the financial period with a budget surplus which by itself says more in honor of the Administration than any propaganda could." 1581:

Agriculture to establish a Seed Station on the fiscal lands of Toledo. A later year, the Assembly enacted a law "authorising the Executive Branch to allow the free importation of seeds for three years". The subsequent losses of agriculture gave rise "to the Public Powers intensifying their stimulating action" with a 1906 law authorizing the government to help abandoned farmers with food and seeds. A supplementary credit of 50,000 pesos was allocated for this purpose. In 1904, the Executive Power appointed a commission in charge of drawing up a protection plan for morally and materially destitute minors. In July 1903, a resolution was sent by Defense Minister Jose Serrato to the General directorate of Public Instruction, creating night courses for adults. In 1906, departmental high schools were created.

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to settlers in parcels usually 60 acres or less, and purchasers of such parcels were granted a tax exemption of 10 years. According to a 1956 study, since the time the Mortgage Bank was converted from a private to a government-owned and –operated status, "it has been active, though by no means monopolistic, in mortgage financing both in urban and rural areas." A State Insurance Bank was opened in 1912 which assumed a prominent role in the fields of fire and workmen's compensation. As noted by one study, Batlle sought to centralize insurance services "through a state monopoly to lower rates and increase public confidence." Under the State Insurance Bank, insurance was provided for risks such as death, labor accidents, fires, and hail.

1720:

relation to wages, Offer and job demand, Labor census, Situation of the worker element, Labor legislation, and Organization of employers and workers. On 17 May 1912 a law was approved providing for the creation of the Women's Section of Secondary Education. Expansion and dissemination of physical education also took place, with a National Commission of Physical Education set up and sports places in Montevideo and in the interior established. Industrial education was expanded while free secondary and university education was introduced and departmental high schools created in the interior while a female section of secondary education was established, which managed to get many girls to go to high school.

1574:

farmers, the permanent sale of seeds on behalf of the State, the creation of the Faculties of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, and the creation of colonies on expropriated estates in Paysandú. According to one study, the modifications introduced to the initial proposal made the expropriation impossible. In 1904 an Education Pension Fund established in 1896 was extended to include the administrative employees of the school system. That same year, a Civil Service Pension Fund was set up that was aimed at regularizing the civil-service pension system "while expanding both coverage and benefits." The Assembly modified the retirement and civil pension system in this way:

1350:, and quickly rose to further prominence within the Colorado party. Batlle started organizing Colorado party clubs based on "grass-roots" democratic assemblies, and towards the end of 1895 circumstances led to Batlle adopting a pro-labor attitude that he would hold for the rest of his life. Montevideo workers who sought to improve their wages and reduce their working hours (which were 15–19 hours daily) organized and went on strike. The government, made up of Batlle's own Colorado party, denounced the strikers as "rebellious workers" and brought all of its force to bear to break the strike The strikers were strongly supported by Batlle and 1095:"Modern conditions have increased the number of industries that fall under the heading of public services ... competition has ceased to mean something invariably beneficial, monopoly is not necessarily condemnable… The modern state unhesitatingly accepts its status as an economic organization. It will enter industry when competition is not practicable, when control by private interests vests in them authority inconsistent with the welfare of the State, when a fiscal monopoly may serve as a great source of income to meet urgent tax problems, when the continued export of national wealth is considered undesirable." 1826:“The observation of the same nationalist representative that they do not have the necessary data to sanction the project lacks solid foundation. It's true, the last census is from 1908. But that's enough. What you need to know is not precisely the number of elderly people and taxpayers in the country. It is the numerical relationship in which they are each other. And this relationship is given as well by the 1908 census as a new one could. On the other hand, if it were necessary to wait for another census to be taken to decree pensions, it can be assured that the project would be postponed for many years. 2231:"The revitalization of the Colorado party was one of the early accomplishments of the great Batlle y Ordóñez. Sterility, a creeping cynicism, the incubus of the military dictatorships of recent years, all combined to put the Colorado party in almost as unenviable a position as that occupied by the Blancos. Batlle sold his party on its need for idealism and a program of reform, on the importance of intra-party democracy, discipline, and cohesiveness. The Colorado program, as Batlle thus evolved it, might have been a Latin archetype for the pattern of the New Deal in the United States a generation later." 1740:

decreeing of a law of literary and artistic copyright, approval of an urbanization plan for the city of Montevideo, and the issuance of regulations for a school of nursing. Under a law of 21 October 1912, the State was given, through the Usinas Eléctricas del Estado, "a monopoly of the supply of electric light and power throughout the country." Labour benefited from this decision, with the first budget of Usinas Eléctricas providing for a general increase in wages "which was intended to bring the wage scale up to that of other public utilities and to offset the rising cost of living."

1656: 1621:"I have worked to prepare a plan of social reforms, all designed to look after and to liberate the working classes. But you must realize that up to now we have had a Senate composed of good patriots, but conservatives. The new Senate, on the other hand, will be entirely liberal and will not put obstacles in the way of the reforms. The workers already know that they will find protection in the government. I believe – in effect – that in countries like ours, where the problem of liberty is already resolved, it is necessary to begin to resolve social problems." 722: 1175: 1099:

deserve and those who have received less.... But this does not mean that a man is either exploited or an exploiter. The inequality is not deliberate on the part of the most fortunate." That same year, he argued that "The gap must be narrowed-and it is the duty of the State to attempt that task." Batlle believed in the power of the State to reduce inequalities, stating on another occasion that "Modern industry must not be allowed to destroy human beings. The State must regulate it to make more happy the life of the masses."

1840:"Are we socialists or are we Colorados? And let's give ourselves the clear, categorical and definitive answer. The Colorado Party in its capacity as liberal, advanced and evolutionary shares several points of the minimum socialist program, from all the secular solutions to almost all the postulates of legal improvement for the working class; but in its capacity as a party of government, order and institutional defense, it cannot share, it does not share, the purposes of social revolution that animate all socialists." 1365:(while Batlle was still on good terms with him) the latter replied, astounded "Why, man, you're a socialist!" Similarly, Cuestas, who didn't trust Batlle entirely, described him as such "This citizen is a young man of 45, well educated, the son of the late President Batlle, a newspaperman by profession, a revolutionary political agitator, a very tall man with the muscles of a Roman gladiator. He is popular with the politically active elements of the younger generation. He is not accepted by conservative opinion." 25: 6323: 1724:

and turbines be accessible only to their operators; that women and children should not be employed in the cleaning or repair of machinery in motion; that gears be shielded; that masons and painters working at a height of more than 3 metres be protected by a rail 90 centimetres on each side, etc." A 1914 law on severance pay, which referred to commercial employees, introduced two months' notice before dismissal together with compensation proportional to the years of work that the worker had in his job.

1255:, whose work was introduced to Batlle by Váquez y Vega. Ahrens 'Course of Natural Law,' as one study noted, "exalted the human personality and made proposals for the reform of society based on the innate dignity of man." Batlle acknowledged a great debt later in life to Váquez y Vega, writing in 1913 on the title page of a gift copy of Ahrens "in this great work I formed my criterion of the law and it has served me as a guide in my public life." 960: 2054:, a project was presented by Batlle to the Batllista caucus and by it to the Legislative Body, which established that two-thirds of the profits of the State industrial companies, whose services were mainly provided by workers, would be used to raise the salaries and wages of workers and employees "up to double at least the average of private services." Although it triumphed in the Chamber of Deputies, it was rejected by the Senate. 1369:

strict economy and conciliation of the Nationalists. Cuestas had in mind his Minister of Government, Eduardo MacEachen, who was a substantial landowner and prominent member of the conservative classes. In the end, Batlle would go on to succeed Cuestas as president to put in place policies that tackled the numerous social issues facing Uruguay.

1820:"The discussion of the old-age pensions project, recommended by the P.E., will continue tomorrow in the Chamber of Deputies. The colorado majority is willing to sanction it as soon as possible, without admitting delays that would hurt too much those who have begun to base hopes for a better situation on the sanction of that project.” 1715:

presidency, Ramón V. Benzano (the newly appointed Mayor of Montevideo) "ordered the Department of Public Health to inspect all the tenements, most of which, according to a 1906 survey, lacked light and air and space, and close those that were not improved within a year." A special labor division of the Montevideo police set up under

1346:, whom Batlle saw as an opportunity to have free elections and remake the Colorado Party along the lines Batlle had long preached. Batlle would become President of the National executive Committee of the Colorado Party, or at least the pro-Cuestas faction of the party. He was eventually elected in 1891 as a deputy for the 1618:

drag was the certainty that the Senate, as presently constituted, would not be disposed to their passage." Following senate elections in 1906, the Executive sent Batlle's labor project to the legislature. Explaining in a post-election interview why he had held the bill back for so long, Batlle stated that

2098:

Both the Batllista wing of the Colorado Party and the Colorado Party performed well during Batlle's presidencies, a trend that would continue in subsequent years. In the legislative election that Batlle called for in January 1905, his hand-picked candidates won the majority of seats. According to one

2086:

The economy did well for much of Batlle's tenure. The peace following the end of the 1904 war, as noted by one study, "encouraged ranchers, who formed the base of the country’s economy, to buy breeding stock to make up for their war losses and to buy or rent more land to pasture their livestock." The

1763:

The Council also studied and resolved "many points related to its mission, solving difficulties that have arisen in some cases not provided for by law, issuing consultations, regulating procedures, dealing with various projects of the Departmental Committees referring to campaign minors. , etc. Among

1759:

In addition, the work carried out by the Council, "which is in charge of the important services that the law of 24 February 1911, places under its care, indicates an advanced step towards the definitive organization of the protection of abandoned minors. The main point of the task of a diverse nature

1747:

Various developments in public assistance and child protection also took place during Batlle's second presidency. A presidential message from 1914, for instance, noted that "The function of assistance and protection of all individuals included in the law of 7 November 1910 has been carefully attended

1739:

Other highlights of Batlle's reform program in 1912 included the division of the country into new military zones, creation of an institute of industrial chemistry, the promulgation of a law making the supply of electric light and power a country-wide state monopoly, a bill for suppressing bullfights,

1624:

The project provided for an eight-hour limit "in the strenuous and intensive occupations and ten hours in the less exacting commercial occupations" while a one-year transition period was provided "during which an additional hour per day was permitted." It also provided for regulation of the labour of

1609:

A progressive supporter of labor rights, Batlle also presided over a number of pro-labor policies. Batlle had identified his Colorado Party with labor, stating in April 1887, regarding a demonstration that was organized in Montevideo "It is true : in the Colorado Party, the element of the people

1584:

Batlle's time in office also saw the improvement of roads, the construction of bridges and ports, the navigation of some important interior rivers, the creation of the Veterinary and Agronomy Schools, the construction of school buildings worth $ 1,000, 000, the improvement of many services, the start

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presidency in 1899. While President of the Senate Batlle was, according to one study, "second-ranking elective official in the country, until a coalition of conservative Colorados and Blancos expelled him from the post in 1900. He continued his organizational and ideological efforts within the party,

1098:

Throughout his life, Batlle also expressed his opposition to social injustices in society. On one occasion, he declared that "There is great injustice in the enormous gap between the rich and the poor." In 1917, he argued that "Our population may be divided into those who have received more than they

1088:

Government intervention in the economy also increased during Batlle’s time in office. Montevideo’s electric power plant was nationalized; a move Batlle justified in the context of his "interest in the widest diffusion and distribution of all classes of services that are presently considered necessary

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was also opened to women, and educational enrollment increased throughout the country. Batlle also, in the words of one source, "revitalized the Colorado party and strengthened its liberal tradition, giving way to ideas of general and universal interest, and favoring the right of the working class to

1633:

Various Colorado Party platforms were also drafted and/or adopted during Batlle’s first presidency. In September 1905 the Colorado Executive Committee and the Colorado legislators entrusted Pedro Manini Rios (the leader of the young Colorados) to draft a pre-electoral manifesto that would serve as a

1588:

Sanitation works were also carried out, while yielding to the exhortation of the Executive Power, the Charity Commission granted the "Uruguayan League against Tuberculosis" a monthly subsidy of $ 2,000 which the same Executive Power obtained after it was raised to $ 3,000, invoking the importance of

1270:

Batlle also became a prominent journalist. In 1878 Batlle and a friend founded a raionalistic journal, 'El Espíritu Nuevo,' whose mission was "the total emancipation of the American spirit from the tutelage of the Old World." Batlle contributed scientific articles and poetry to the review, and later

4741:

In Table 1 I have shown the popular vote to the Chamber of Representatives and the Constitutional Assembly, because I do not have figures showing votes for Batllismo alone – while, under the electoral system of the time, the Colorado electoral ticket included other factions as well as the Batllista

1755:

In the departmental hospitals, many works were carried out by the directing authorities of Public Assistance, "in order to install new services and expand the existing ones. Refurbishments have been carried out in the Molo and Salto hospital buildings, installing electric light service in them. The

1731:

In 1912 the government purchased control of the National Mortgage Bank "and proceeded to liberalize the bank’s loan policies. More attention was given to small loans and loans on rural property." Ownership of small farms was encouraged, with the bank purchasing large tracts of land and selling them

1719:

was abolished, and Batlle announced that he would reintroduce his bill providing for an 8-hour day. In order to prepare materials for the study of the labor problems, the Executive Power resolved in 1913 that the Labor Office would include a number of topics in its program such as Cost of living in

1714:

Further reforms were carried out during Batlle's second presidency. As noted by one study, following the swearing in of Batlle's ministers, "that "rain" of projects which so disturbed conservative opinion during Batlle's first administration again began to fall." A few days after Batlle assumed the

1617:

Batlle also prepared a labor reform project aimed at improving working conditions, although legislative realities delayed the time in which he submitted this to the legislature for consideration. According to one study, "One reason why Chamber debate on divorce and kindred bills had been allowed to

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laws were also established during this time. A number of other projects were approved during Batlle's first presidency, such as an increase in resources allocated to teaching, the contracting of a loan of for the construction and improvement of roads, free distribution of seeds and clothing to poor

1843:

Manini even voted against the 8-hour law, despite the fact that the initial project for this measure bore his signature. However, although a more conservatively inclined group, the Riveristas called for a number of progressive policies similar to those proposed by Batlle. These included "political

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model. This was offered as a way to prevent presidential dictatorship (in a nation where every person older than 13 had lived under a dictator) while also, as Batlle believed, as one study noted, assuring continuing reform "because the Colorado Party, with its ongoing action program, would control

1735:

The State Insurance Bank was established on 11 January 1912, and started operations in Fire insurance on 1 March, in workmen's compensation 15 March, and in hail, human life, pedigreed-animal life, marine, glass, and automobile civic responsibility insurance later that year. In 1914 it initiated a

1723:

Under a law of 21 July 1914 industrial employers, including those in state and municipal establishments, "were required to install safety devices to prevent accidents in the use of machinery." The law required that "dangerous machinery should be inspected, if necessary; that steam engines, wheels,

1613:

During Batlle's first presidency regulations on police procedure during strikes were promulgated for the first time. Police had to remain neutral, protecting both the right to strike and the right to work. Also for the first time during Batlle's first presidency on May Day labor demonstrators were

1154:

followed in 1818. Batlle's grandmother died in Sitges in 1823, and his grandfather subsequently returned to Montevideo in 1833 to reopen the flour mill. Batlle's father Lorenzo had been born in Uruguay in 1810, and returned the Montevideo three years before the rest of the family in 1830, after an

1767:

A presidential message from 1914 also mentioned various agricultural developments. For instance, the Agricultural Inspectors "have carried out a constant work of extensive teaching, through conferences, consultations, practical lessons, contests, demonstrations, etc., in order to bring the latest

1751:

In the Vilardebó Hospital, with a capacity for 600 patients, the amount of 1,500 alienated was reached, while the women's section, which is the one in the worst conditions, "has been alleviated with the installation of the new Doecker pavilions in which about two hundred alienated women have been

1806:

Batlle kept a handwritten list of how the Senators stood on the linked issues of the eight - hour day and the Colegiado . On the eight - hour day there were "12 in favour, one doubtful and nothing beside the other five." Support for the Colegiado was less certain, with "7 in favour, 5 against, 6

1290:

on behalf of the children in an orphan asylum and of pauper maniacs in an insane asylum. This campaign, one study noted, "had the excellent result of depriving the City Council of Montevideo of the control of public charity and entrusting it to a commission of distinguished citizens." When a new

1368:

Despite this, Cuestas did not veto Batlle's candidacy for the presidency as his government still needed the Colorado political support Batlle contributed. However, Cuestas had no intention of allowing Batlle to succeed him, instead wanting a successor who would continue his cardinal principles,

1810:

According to one study Batlle's fight for the collegiate executive "had overshadowed all else during the closing years of his greatest activity, but Batlle still found time to direct the negotiation of a number of arbitration treaties, to initiate a state-owned railway system, to sponsor a law

1743:

A law of January 1913 authorized the issuance of a loan of 500,000 pesos destined for the purchase and division of land. With the promulgation of the law of 22 January 1913, the State began its direct action "which acquires or expropriates lands to sell them based on the mortgage credit to the

1727:

Foreign professors were hired to establish new university schools such as agronomy and veterinary medicine, agricultural and home economics courses were established for rural youth, and study missions were sent abroad. In regards to salary discounts, The Executive Branch addressed the Assembly

1580:

In 1903, the executive branch had to "actively attend to the seed supply service in various agricultural regions of the country", which had punished by drought and the subsequent loss of crops. Stimulated by the first successes of the distribution, it authorized the Department of Livestock and

1837:), according one study, "went off the range on the issue of the collegiate or plural executive." They were led by Pedro Manini Rios, a Colorado who used to be close to Batlle; even drafting a law message of 8 hours and weekly rest in 1911, but broke with him. Manini asked rhetorically in 1913 156: 2138:

on 18 September 1929 for the first of two planned operations. While Batlle had made somewhat of a recovery a month later (with the second operation planned for another two or three months later), he had suffered some setbacks. Around midday on 20 October, Battle suffered the first of two

1707:. Batlle's proposal for a collective leadership body was defeated in 1916 referendum, but he managed to establish a model in which executive powers were split between the presidency and the National Council of Administration when a variant of his proposal was implemented with the 5387:

José Batlle y Ordóñez Documentos Serie VIII 1919 - 1929 / CONVENCION NACIONAL DEL PARTIDO COLORADO1920- 1929 / La Investigación y corrección de pruebas estuvo a cargo de las Sras. Blanca Franzini y Nancy Ferrari de Pucurull. Cuidado de la edición a cargo de Abelardo M. García

2234:

According to one source, Batlle was responsible "for directing the liberal, democratic-independence institutional reform of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay, which placed her at the head of progressive and justice achievements; and gave him great fame in the American concert."

1829:

No! The colorado majorities of the House and Senate allow these beneficent ideas to be carried out and there is no need to stop. All the men in the situation have made them, with beautiful unanimity, their program of principles, which they will not fail to carry out.”

3169:

The consoling fiction, as noted by Milton Vanger on page 207 of his study "José Battle Y Ordoñez of Uruguay: the Creator of His Times, 1902-1907," was that local workers were better off than European workers, something that Uruguayan public men usually invoked during

1051:

In 1898, he served as interim president for a few weeks. He was later elected to the presidency for two terms: from 1903 to 1907 and from 1911 to 1915. He remains one of the most popular Uruguayan presidents, mainly due to his role as a social reformer. Influenced by

1335:

sold at 2 cents a copy on the streets. As noted by one study, it was "the first street sale of newspapers in Uruguay, the first newspaper whose aim was mass readership." The presidency of Herrera y Obes disappointed Batlle however, with one study noting that

1398:

however, with much success, so that in 1903 he finally became the President of the Republic. The country's highest post allowed him nearly full control of public policy and the opportunity to forward his broad program of social and economic reform."

1258:

Batlle left university in 1879 without completing his law degree, and the following year a 24-year-old Batlle convinced his father to let him study for a year in Paris, where he took a course in English and sat in on philosophy lectures at the

1360:

started a permanent department called "The Working Man's Movement" as a forum for the employed classes. Batlle continued his ruminations through his years as a Colorado politician. On one occasion, while confiding some of his ruminations with

1642:

Following the end of his first presidency, Batlle went on an extended tour of Europe and other foreign parts. One of Batlle's main purposes was to study Europe's political and economic problems. He also headed the Uruguayan delegation to the

69:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge. 1291:

revolutionary movement started at Buenos Aires, Batlle removed there to act as secretary to Colonel Galeano. However, the movement died in its inception, and returning to Montevideo Batlle again assumed the editorship of

1698:

In 1913, influenced by visiting and studying French and Swiss politics between his first and second terms, Batlle proposed a reorganization of the government which would replace the presidency with a nine-member

4216:

Batlle y Ordoñez, José (15 February 1905). Mensaje del presidente de la República ciudadano D. José Batlle y Ordoñez a la H. Asamblea General al inaugurarse el 1ª periodo de la XXII legislatura (Report).

55: 2221:. The National Council of Government fully abolished the presidency, making it closer to Batlle's desired system, but was itself abolished for a second time and the presidency re-established by the 2152:

Probably in no other country in the world in the past two centuries has any one man so deeply left his imprint upon the life and character of a country as has José Battle y Ordóñez upon Uruguay.

2087:

nation's businesses started to invest in foreign companies to build miles of new railroad lines and to electrify the trolley lines in Montevideo. In his last annual message Batlle argued that:

1791:

on 25 November 1917. Under the new Constitution, a split executive was created, but the President continued to control the ministries of Foreign Affairs, Interior and Defence. The new nine-man

4081: 2167:

Batlle is commonly explained as being "ahead of his times." He was more than ahead of his times. Batlle created his times. His success reminds us that a man’s ideals can lead other men.

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These measures reflected Batlle's belief that the state had a part to play in economic affairs, as he noted in a 1911 when urging the legislature to create government monopolies:

1405:

as President of the Senate by one vote. Batlle would later briefly regain the position of President of the Senate in February 1903 before becoming President of the Republic.

4211:

Batlle y Ordoñez, José (15 February 1914). Mensaje del presidente José Batlle y Ordoñez a la H. Asamblea General al inaugurarse el 1ª periodo de la XXV legislatura (Report).

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that year started contributing articles to a Montevideo newspaper. His first article, published 3 days before he turned 23, was an attack on the dictatorship of Colonel

5562: 1811:

providing equality of rights between legitimate and natural children, and to prepare a bill establishing pensions for the aged." In regards to the pensions proposal,

1672: 5055: 1954: 6540: 5218:

Diario de sesiones de la Cámara de Senadores de la República Oriental del Uruguay (Report). Vol. 259. Uruguay General Assembly, Chamber of Senators. 1967.

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Parker, David S. (2010). "Uruguay's José Batlle y Ordóñez: The Determined Visionary, 1915- 1917 by Milton I. Vanger". Reviews: Politics & Governance.

1994: 1500: 6500: 6394: 6384: 2075: 1914: 5353: 2004: 1676: 1510: 2019: 72:

Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.

1989: 439: 4875: 4857: 5901: 1356:, where Batlle wrote "if this working day ought to be considered suicide for the workers, it is, on the part of the employer, an assassination." 364: 1904: 1460: 5191: 1833:

Batlle's constitutional reform proposals spilt the Colorado Party; a dissident wing called the riverista Colorados (named after party founder

6485: 4681: 2228:

In addition to his reforms, Batlle also succeeded in moving his Colorado Party in a more progressive direction, with one study arguing that

6505: 6480: 1688: 988: 4102:"Collegiate Executives and Direct Democracy in Switzerland and Uruguay: Similar Institutions, Opposite Political Goals, Distinct Results" 1964: 1382: 1118:

and Amalia Ordoñez. Batlle's grandfather, José Batlle y Carreó, had arrived in Montevideo on his own ship with Batlle's grandmother from

371: 756: 6530: 1924: 1470: 941: 908: 784: 5186:

Daily Consular and Trade Reports, Issues 154-230 (Report). United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 1912. p. 300.

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Various developments in Public Assistance also took place during Batlle’s first presidency. As noted by a 1905 presidential message

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However, the colegiado proposal was defeated in a 1916 referendum, but Batlle then managed to get support from the Blancos and the

746: 5229: 4784: 4659: 1899: 1455: 1072:. Education started a process of great expansion from the mid-to-late 19th century onward. It became the key to success for the 3954: 1949: 1495: 903: 6465: 2250: 6073: 4701: 4479: 4377: 1316: 1229: 595: 495: 1795:, which consisted of six Colorados and three Blancos, controlled the ministries of Education, Finances, Economy and Health. 1385:. As the President of the Senate was (at the time) the first in line to the presidency, Batlle briefly served as the acting 1220:

were actively engaged in politics, with César and Lorenzo serving in. He was also the uncle of another Uruguayan president,

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Street, John (1964). "M. I. Vanger, "José Batlle y Ordóñez of Uruguay. The creator of his times. 1902-1907"". Book Review.

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to exile in Brazil in 1847. Lorenzo Batlle married Batlle's mother, the daughter of another Colorado guerrilla, during the

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The reforms introduced under Batlle, and continued by several of his followers, would help make Uruguay a fairer society.

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education. He was one of the main promoters of Uruguayan secularization, which led to the separation of the state and the

6495: 5894: 5145: 4749: 1200:, with five of Batlle's relatives serving as president. Batlle's father Lorenzo had served as Minister of War during the 5066: 4711: 4083:

Anales históricos del uruguay tomo VI, Abarca los gobiernos de Viera, Brum, Serrato y Campisteguy, desde 1915 hasta 1930

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Batlle with other prominent politicians at the beginning at of his second presidency in 1911. Standing (left to right):

1251:, Batlle was a prominent member of the idealists. Batlle's political ideology was influenced by the work of philosopher 6349: 5493: 4456:

Filgueira, Fernando (1995). A Century of Social Welfare in Uruguay: Growth to the Limit of the Batllista Social State.

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Lopez-Alves, Fernando (2002). "Chapter 4: State Reform and Welfare in Uruguay, 1890-1930". In Dunkerley, James (ed.).

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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.

2043:. He subsequently served as its president for a two-year term from 1 March 1921 to 1 March 1923 alongside president 1799:, who served between Batlle's two terms, was his supporter and continued all his reforms, as did the next President 4553:

Henderson, James D.; Henderson, Alexander C.; Delpar, Helen; Brungardt, Maurice Philip; Weldon, Richard N. (2000).

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La idea de nación en el relato político durante las fiestas patrias del centenario en Treinta y Tres: (1925 y 1930)

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La fuerza de las ideas La impronta del Estado Batllista en la identidad nacional By Julio María Sanguinetti, 2022

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Presidencia de la Asamblea General y del Sendado; Presidencia de la Camara de Representantes (29 October 2013).

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Knarr, James C. (2011). "Uruguay's José Batlle y Ordóñez: The Determined Visionary, 1915 – 1917". Book Review.

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In the Shadow of Batlle: Workers, State Officials, and the Creation of the Welfare State in Uruguay, 1900–1916

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In 1913, in an attempt to prevent future Presidential dictatorships, Batlle proposed a collective Presidency (

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Pendle, George (1963). "José Batlle y Ordóñez of Uruguay: The Creator of his Times. 1902–1907". Reviews.

2111:, a National Party deputy, in a formal duel that stemmed from vitriolic editorials published in Batlle's 974: 804: 701: 6261: 1553:. Without their leader, Saravia's followers abandoned their fight, starting a period of relative peace. 1155:

extensive education in France and Spain. Batlle's father quickly joined and became prominent within the

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At elections in 1900, however, the Colorados performed poorly, and dissident Colorado senators elected

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Alfaro, Milita; Bai, Carlos (19 November 1986). "5 Batlle, El Reformismo y sus limites (1903-1933)".

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In a 1906 presidential message, other developments in public charity, hygiene and health were noted:

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Wars, Parties and Nationalism Essays on the Politics and Society of Nineteenth-century Latin America

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as ‘Ordoñez’ without the accent on the second "o", but official documents generally used the accent.

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Porzecanski, Arturo C. (1978). "3 The Case of Uruguay Prepared". In Mesa-Lago, Carmelo (ed.).

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Hoover, John (1963). "Jose Batlle y Ordonez of Uruguay, the Creator of His Times, 1902-1907".

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Liberalismo y jacobinismo en el Uruguay batllista: la polémica enter José E. Rodó y Pedro Díaz

6084: 6015: 5616: 5432: 5422: 5403: 4645: 4337:"El Comite Ejecutivo Nacional Provisorio y Los Legisladores Colorados a sus Correlionarios". 1776: 1704: 1390: 1378: 1343: 1213: 1179: 1115: 670: 643: 468: 229: 109: 6211: 4723: 2120: 1315:. His appointment was short-lived, for he resigned after six months to seek election to the 6460: 6455: 6278: 6267: 6226: 6067: 5956: 5879: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5086: 4387:

Edelmann, Alexander T. (1969). "The Rise and Demise of Uruguay's Second Plural Executive".

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Merquior, J. G. (1983). "Radical Reformism in the Pampas: the case of Batllismo". Review.

2057: 1264: 1036:. He was the son of a former president and was widely praised for his introduction of his 8: 6303: 6293: 6241: 5989: 5935: 5344: 5196:. Vol. 2. United States. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 1912. p. 484. 4750:"Última enfermedad y muerte de don José Batlle y Ordóñez: 18 setiembre - 20 octubre 1929" 4605:

Hudson, Rex A.; Meditz, Sandra W., eds. (1990). "Batlle y Ordóñez and the Modern State".

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in hospitals by 1906, and eliminated references to God and the Gospel in public oaths.

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which he used as a political platform for criticizing his opponents and promoting his

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Dos décadas en la historia de la escuela uruguaya: el testimonio de los protagonistas

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stopped publishing, but Batlle reopened the paper in 1889 to support the campaign of

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for the presidency, whose financial support helped Batlle reopen the paper. The new

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in Montevideo. Batlle's grandfather was loyal to the Spanish crown through both the

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Tulane Studies in Political Science Volume VII, Government and Politics of Uruguay

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The president was both head of state and head of government between 1933 and 1955

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The president was both head of state and head of government between 1830 and 1917

6094: 6030: 6000: 5486: 5476: 4554: 1889: 1660: 1323:, however, Batlle lost his spot on the ticket. Following his departure to Minas, 1272: 1252: 1069: 582: 307: 206: 6104: 6062: 5941: 5038:

Social Security in Latin America Pressure Groups, Stratification, and Inequality

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Hacia una democracia integral apuntes para una historia del feminismo en Uruguay

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as a candidate on the Colorado ticket. After a disagreement with then-president

1239:. At university, he became involved in the discussions and debates between the ' 6186: 6176: 6010: 3209: 1562: 964: 837: 799: 741: 6298: 5243: 5224: 5159: 5140: 4830: 4368: 4258:

Decadent Modernity: Civilisation and 'Latinidad' in Spanish America, 1880–1920

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After attending an English school in Montevideo, Batlle began studying at the

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After suffering abdominal pain for some time, Battle admitted himself to the

2051: 2044: 1979: 1800: 1187: 1151: 1045: 1041: 870: 832: 295: 5204:. United Nations General Assembly Delegation from Uruguay. 1950. p. 53. 4692: 4501: 4439: 2544: 6433:

The president is both head of state and head of government from 1967 onward

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Uruguay and the United States, 1903–1929: Diplomacy in the Progressive Era

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and for his role in modernizing Uruguay through his creation of extensive

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Includes various editions of "El Batllismo," a Batlle-oriented periodical

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was confident of its passage, noting in an article dated 31 January 1916

1065: 4938: 4839: 4194:(in Spanish). Vol. 3–6. Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental. 3915: 3124: 2556: 2207:

in 1934, a little over four years after Batlle's death. The idea of the

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Second presidency of the National Council of Administration (1927–1928)

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In 1904 Batlle's government forces successfully ended the intermittent

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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is

4597: 4202:[Background 10: The traditional parties of the 20th century]. 2977: 2842: 2344: 2174:

José Batlle y Ordoñez of Uruguay: The Creator of His Times 1902 – 1907

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First presidency of the National Council of Administration (1921–1923)

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Batlle's political career began in 1887, when he was appointed as the

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El Uruguay y su desarrollo economico: algunos índices representativos

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Uruguay's José Batlle y Ordóñez: The Determined Visionary, 1915–1917

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José Batlle y Ordoñez of Uruguay: The Creator of His Times 1902–1907

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system remained influential, however, and was reintroduced with the

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Martin, Percy Alvin (1930). "The Career of José Batlle y Ordóñez".

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Batllismo and the Yankees: The United States and Uruguay, 1903–1929

4589: 3783: 3633: 3631: 3629: 1566: 1053: 1012: 1006: 926: 5053: 2323: 5911: 3616: 3614: 1570: 1025: 155: 128: 5265: 5225:"The Model Country: José Batlle y Ordóñez of Uruguay, 1907-1915" 3626: 66: 5200: 4348:

La lucha por el pasado historia y nación en Uruguay (1920-1930)

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La república conservadora, 1916-1929: La "guerra de posiciones"

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President of the National Council of Administration of Uruguay

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The Model Country: José Batlle y Ordoñez of Uruguay, 1907–1915

5211:

El sindicalismo uruguayo a 40 años del congreso de unificación

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Utopia in Uruguay: Chapters in the Economic History of Uruguay

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Studies in the Formation of the Nation-State in Latin America

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Qualitative Freedom - Autonomy in Cosmopolitan Responsibility

4198: 4000: 3976: 3224: 2611: 2550: 2532: 1147: 5909: 4972:"Batlle y Ordóñez Gobernate 1898 – 1929: Guía de contenidos" 4891:

La república del Uruguay en su primer centenario (1830-1930)

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attempts to secure Uruguayan independence from Spain led by

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liberalism, he is known for influencing the introduction of

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United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce 1912b

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United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce 1912a

3301: 3299: 2734: 2360: 5323:(in Spanish). Montevideo: Fundación de Cultura Universita. 5208: 4048: 4012: 3988: 3795: 3551: 3269:

Las Primeras reformas, 1911-1913 byJosé Pedro Barrán, P.80

3133: 3102: 3100: 2965: 2143:, with the second one later that afternoon proving fatal. 3467: 3323: 3311: 3236: 3085: 3037: 3013: 2878: 2650: 2623: 2599: 2465: 5217: 4128: 4036: 3944: 3942: 3921: 3843: 3479: 3413: 3377: 3296: 3278: 3253: 3251: 3203: 2983: 2895: 2893: 2872: 2860: 2848: 2824: 2812: 2800: 2788: 2764: 2752: 1208:

in 1868 when Batlle was 12 years old. Batlle's children

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and created more high schools through the country. The

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Batllismo y Sociedad. La Cuestión Obrera En El Uruguay

4513:(in Spanish). Montevideo: Imprento Nacional Colorada. 4428:

The role of José Batlle y Ordóñez in Uruguayan history

4225:(in Spanish). Montevideo: Imprenta Nacional Colorada. 4024: 3891: 3867: 3807: 3750: 3738: 3722:

Cuadernos de Marcha nº 31, noviembre 1969 Batlle, P.66

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which had persisted for many years, when the opposing

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agenda. That same year Batlle undertook a campaign in

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Pintos, Francisco R.; Fernández Ríos, Ovidio (1938).

4304:. Ciencas sociales (in Spanish). Montevideo: Taurus. 4200:"Bases 10: Los partidos tradicionales en el siglo XX" 4086:. Vol. VI. Montevideo: Casa A. Barreiro y Ramos. 3939: 3927: 3903: 3575: 3563: 3539: 3527: 3491: 3455: 3431: 3248: 3173: 3139: 3112: 3073: 3061: 2905: 2890: 2770: 2674: 2380: 2378: 5026: 4509:

Giudici, Roberto B.; González Conzi, Efraín (1928).

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served as acting president for three weeks in 1894.

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a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.

5109:

Batlle el estado de bienestar en el Río de la Plata

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President of the National Council of Administration

4906: 4637: 4362:. Translated by Fincham, Richard. Springer, Cham. 3185: 3151: 3049: 3025: 2959: 2375: 4900:Uruguay entre la depresión y la guerra, 1929-1945 4246: 3290: 6447: 6420:Presidency abolished between 1955 and 1967; the 5167: 5076: 4962: 4954: 4712:"En sus 105 años, La Mañana evoca a su fundador" 4215: 4210: 3777: 3661: 3649: 3637: 3620: 3353: 2947: 2836: 2369: 5351: 5170:El Uruguay en las primeras décadas del siglo XX 4964:Partido Colorado: organización anticolegialista 4615: 3215: 1565:became a major political issue. Uruguay banned 135: and the second or maternal family name is 4192:Batlle, los Estancieros y el Imperio Británico 2039:, Batlle was elected to his first term on the 1650: 87:accompanying your translation by providing an 49:Click for important translation instructions. 36:expand this article with text translated from 6541:Burials at the Central Cemetery of Montevideo 5895: 5382:Batlle y los problemas sociales en el Uruguay 4181:. Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental. 2208: 2190: 1604: 1408: 1306: 1191: 982: 5168:Traversoni, Alfredo; Lastra, Lilian (1977). 5044: 4970: 4604: 4177:Barrán, José Pedro; Nahum, Benjamín (1983). 4149:Batlle y Ordóñez y el Positivismo Filosófico 3305: 2971: 2396: 1105: 508:15 February 1891 – 14 February 1894 5097: 5035: 4888: 4772: 4747: 4734: 4686:. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. 4611:. Washington, D.C.: US Library of Congress. 4556:A Reference Guide to Latin American History 4354: 4223:Batllismo y el problems de los combustibles 4185: 4176: 4006: 3994: 3982: 3885: 3825: 3593: 3485: 3389: 3106: 3091: 2728: 2354: 6501:Education and culture ministers of Uruguay 5902: 5888: 5098:Sanguinetti, Julio María (17 March 2023). 4464: 4170:La junta de gobierno y el Partido Colorado 4054: 4018: 3801: 3732: 3709: 3557: 3473: 3329: 3317: 3230: 2884: 2656: 2617: 2605: 2562: 2538: 2486: 2474: 2127:. He also served twice as Chairman of the 2066:, Batlle was elected to a new term on the 1561:During Batlle y Ordóñez's term in office, 1267:before returning home when money ran out. 989: 975: 460:9 February 1899 – 5 February 1902 154: 5242: 5158: 5029:Batlle y el proceso histórico del Uruguay 4838: 4805: 4722: 4710: 4691: 4455: 4446: 4367: 4269: 4251:. Consejo Nacional de Mujeres de Uruguay. 4119: 4090: 3813: 3756: 3461: 3365: 2716: 2093: 1638:Activities following the first presidency 1628: 942:Uruguayan constitutional referendum, 1996 909:Uruguayan constitutional referendum, 1980 6424:became the collective head of government 4950:. New York: Hispanic Society of America. 4850:Anales de la Universidad Entrega N.° 157 4386: 4271:10.3828/liverpool/9781786941312.001.0001 4130:Anales de la Universidad Entrega N.° 125 4079: 4073:Anales de la Universidad Entrega N.° 138 4070: 4042: 3849: 2740: 2199:, was overthrown in a coup by president 2195:system which Batlle had championed, the 2180: 2081: 1654: 1173: 332:1 March 1927 – 16 February 1928 5345:"Batlle y Ordoñez and the Modern State" 5230:The Hispanic American Historical Review 5085: 4785:The Hispanic American Historical Review 4660:The Hispanic American Historical Review 4491: 4255: 4237: 4136: 3897: 3497: 3437: 2776: 2350: 1085:organize and put forward just demands. 904:Civic-military dictatorship (1973-1985) 481:8 February 1902 – 1 March 1903 99:{{Translated|es|José Batlle y Ordóñez}} 6448: 5740: 5736: 5726: 5632: 5617:Lorenzo Cristóbal Manuel Batlle y Grau 5530: 5526: 5295: 5272: 5251: 5176: 4945: 4897: 4534: 4345: 4336: 4327: 4318: 4167: 4099: 4030: 3948: 3873: 3861: 3744: 3697: 3685: 3673: 3581: 3569: 3545: 3533: 3449: 3401: 3257: 3242: 3191: 3179: 3157: 3145: 3118: 3079: 3067: 3055: 3043: 3031: 3019: 3007: 2995: 2935: 2923: 2911: 2899: 2704: 2692: 2680: 2668: 2644: 2629: 2593: 2581: 2566: 2526: 2514: 2502: 2490: 2459: 2447: 2435: 2423: 2408: 2384: 2338: 1076:community. The state established free 1011: 1005: 5883: 5833: 5830: 5820: 5808: 5798: 5794: 5782: 5780: 5770: 5758: 5748: 5744: 5723: 5713: 5701: 5691: 5687: 5675: 5672: 5662: 5650: 5640: 5636: 5620: 5615: 5605: 5592: 5582: 5578: 5566: 5561: 5551: 5538: 5534: 5106: 4902:. Fundación de Cultura Universitaria. 4847: 4543: 4477: 3933: 3909: 3837: 3605: 3341: 2297: 1526: 1381:in November 1898, and rapidly became 248:term_start3 = 5 February 1899 6486:Colorado Party (Uruguay) politicians 5354:"Batlle Y Ordóñez, José (1856–1929)" 5056:"Parlamentarios Uruguayos 1830-2005" 4908:"Uruguay - Message of the President" 4260:. Liverpool Latin American Studies. 3522:United Nations General Assembly 1950 1377:Batlle was elected as a senator for 1132:British invasions of the River Plate 1028:politician, who served two terms as 1002:José Pablo Torcuato Batlle y Ordóñez 287:1 March 1921 – 1 March 1923 219:1 March 1903 – 1 March 1907 184:1 March 1911 – 1 March 1915 18: 6506:Presidents of the Senate of Uruguay 6481:Uruguayan people of Catalan descent 5209:Universindo Rodríguez Díaz (2006). 5146:Hispanic American Historical Review 5045:Posada-Carbo, Eduardo, ed. (1995). 4530:(in Spanish). Montevideo: Librosur. 4447:Farnworth, Constance Helen (1952). 4247:Cassina de Nogara, Alba G. (1990). 1300: 1224:, and the great-uncle of President 13: 6350:National Council of Administration 5516:Ancestors of José Batlle y Ordóñez 5077:Ramos de Segarra, Aurelia (1904). 4958:. Partido Colorado. 23 April 2016. 4912:Bulletin of the Pan American Union 4548:. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 4155:(in Spanish). Montevideo: Número. 4121:10.1002/j.1662-6370.2008.tb00110.x 2551:Bases de la historia uruguaya 1987 2325:Parlamentarios Uruguayos 1830-2005 2197:National Council of Administration 2129:National Council of Administration 2068:National Council of Administration 2041:National Council of Administration 1793:National Council of Administration 1701:National Council of Administration 1383:President of the Senate of Uruguay 372:President of the Senate of Uruguay 14: 6552: 6531:Children of presidents of Uruguay 5910:Heads of state and government of 5352:Gerardo Caetano (15 April 2021). 5329: 5319:Vasquez Franc, Guillermo (1971). 4724:"El Uruguay Social por Redacción" 4644:(PhD). Ann Arbor, United States. 4546:Labor Law and Practice in Uruguay 2281:Batlle himself wrote the surname 1823:The same article also noted that 1556: 6321: 5093:. No. 2. 30 September 1912. 5079:Memoria de la Cruz Roja Uruguaya 4946:Parker, William Belmont (1921). 4467:Uruguay: Portrait of a Democracy 4328:"El Gobierno de un Periodista". 4179:Las primeras reformas, 1911-1913 4137:Angione, Ana María, ed. (1987). 3790:Pintos & Fernández Ríos 1938 3762: 3715: 2189:The first implementation of the 2185:Monument of Batlle in Montevideo 2159:Uruguay: Portrait of a Democracy 1393:stepped aside to legitimate his 958: 720: 23: 16:Politician, President of Uruguay 4889:Nin y Silva, Celedonio (1930). 4617:"A Basis for a League of Peace" 4577:The Western Political Quarterly 4465:Fitzgibbon, Russell H. (1954). 4063: 3263: 3163: 3134:Universindo Rodríguez Díaz 2006 2064:1926 Uruguayan general election 2037:1920 Uruguayan general election 2005:Minister of Industry and Labour 1511:Minister of Industry and Labour 1196:(prominent figures) within the 1163:, notably personally escorting 1146:, and subsequently returned to 6422:National Council of Government 6152:National Council of Government 5177:Taylor, Philip B. Jr. (1960). 5139:Taylor Jr., Philip B. (1963). 5013:Peterson, Lars Edward (2014). 4748:Mañé Garzón, Fernando (2009). 4535:Hanson, Simon Gabriel (1938). 4426:Espinosa, José Manuel (1931). 4168:Antuña, José Gervasio (1913). 4107:Swiss Political Science Review 2288: 2275: 2251:a town in Lavalleja Department 2219:National Council of Government 2136:Italian Hospital of Montevideo 1020:– 20 October 1929), nicknamed 97:You may also add the template 1: 5087:"Banco de Seguros del Estado" 5049:. University of London Press. 4898:Oddone, Juan Antonio (1990). 4636:Knarr, James Charles (2009). 4526:Grompone, Antonio M. (1984). 4204:Bases de la historia uruguaya 4093:Bases de la historia Uruguaya 3922:Uruguay General Assembly 1967 3414:Anales de la Universidad 1929 3378:Anales de la Universidad 1929 3279:Anales de la Universidad 1929 3204:Anales de la Universidad 1929 2984:Anales de la Universidad 1929 2873:Anales de la Universidad 1929 2861:Anales de la Universidad 1929 2849:Anales de la Universidad 1929 2825:Anales de la Universidad 1929 2813:Anales de la Universidad 1929 2801:Anales de la Universidad 1929 2789:Anales de la Universidad 1929 2765:Anales de la Universidad 1929 2753:Anales de la Universidad 1929 2308: 2205:third Constitution of Uruguay 2203:in 1933 and abolished by the 2102: 1965:Minister for Public Education 1900:Minister of Foreign Relations 1456:Minister of Foreign Relations 1342:Batlle turned his support to 1182:, taken some time before 1888 1150:in 1814, and the rest of the 737:Indigenous peoples in Uruguay 5256:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 5119:Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 5065:(in Spanish). Archived from 4773:Manini Ríos, Carlos (1970). 4492:Giudici, Roberto B. (1947). 3354:Traversoni & Lastra 1977 2215:1952 Constitution of Uruguay 2107:In early 1920 Batlle killed 2074:, until he was succeeded by 1681:José Serrato y Domingo Arena 1403:Juan Carlos Blanco Fernández 1178:A photo of Batlle's father, 429:Juan Carlos Blanco Fernández 407:Juan Carlos Blanco Fernández 127:, the first or paternal 7: 6476:Politicians from Montevideo 4884:. 16 May 1920. p. 117. 4870:. 3 April 1920. p. 15. 4221:Batlle Beres, Luis (1931). 2256: 1651:Second presidency (1911–15) 10: 6557: 6496:Prime ministers of Uruguay 5738: 5626: 5528: 5296:Vanger, Milton I. (2010). 5277:. Hanover, New Hampshire: 5273:Vanger, Milton I. (1980). 5252:Vanger, Milton I. (1963). 4754:Revista Médica del Uruguay 4539:. Oxford University Press. 4449:The Agriculture of Uruguay 4300:; Monreal, Susana (2003). 4262:Liverpool University Press 2263:List of political families 1605:Proposals for labor reform 1530: 1409:First presidency (1903–07) 1237:University of the Republic 1159:, and was involved in the 496:Chamber of Representatives 122: 61:Machine translation, like 6430: 6417: 6408: 6346: 6337: 6330: 6319: 6225: 6148: 5955: 5925: 5918: 5814: 5796: 5788: 5764: 5746: 5742: 5707: 5689: 5681: 5656: 5638: 5634: 5599: 5580: 5572: 5545: 5532: 5500: 5491: 5483: 5473: 5464: 5456: 5446: 5437: 5429: 5419: 5408: 5400: 5395: 5279:Brandeis University Press 5244:10.1215/00182168-61.4.774 5160:10.1215/00182168-43.4.577 5107:Pujol, Miguel J. (1996). 4831:10.1017/S0017257X00018170 4818:Government and Opposition 4544:Hayes, Robert C. (1972). 4494:Fundamentos del batllismo 4369:10.1007/978-3-030-04723-8 4256:Coletta, Michela (2018). 4238:Caetano, Gerardo (1992). 4080:Acevedo, Eduardo (1936). 4071:Acevedo, Eduardo (1936). 2146: 2109:Washington Beltrán Barbat 2050:During the presidency of 2003: 1990:Minister for Public Works 1963: 1923: 1898: 1865:Minister for the Interior 1863: 1509: 1469: 1454: 1429: 1372: 1202:Great Siege of Montevideo 1106:Early life and background 690: 680: 663: 631: 588: 578: 568: 551: 531: 526: 522: 512: 501: 493: 485: 474: 464: 453: 445: 433: 423: 412: 400: 388: 377: 370: 358: 346: 336: 325: 313: 301: 291: 280: 272: 262: 252: 247: 235: 223: 212: 200: 188: 177: 169: 165: 153: 146: 38:the corresponding article 6347:Prime ministers of the 6262:Gregorio Conrado Álvarez 6053:Francisco Antonino Vidal 6036:Francisco Antonino Vidal 5302:Lynne Rienner Publishers 5258:Harvard University Press 5100:"Baltasar, el estadista" 4893:. Montevideo: J. Sureda. 4680:Knarr, James C. (2012). 4673:10.1215/00182168-1165406 4471:Rutgers University Press 4469:. New Brunswick, N. J.: 4458:University of Notre Dame 2397:Hudson & Meditz 1990 2268: 2131:(1921–1923, 1927–1928). 2115:newspaper and Beltrán's 1950:Minister of War and Navy 1669:Mateo Margariños Solsona 843:Revolution of the Lances 6375:Luis Alberto de Herrera 6284:Julio María Sanguinetti 6274:Julio María Sanguinetti 6202:Daniel Fernández Crespo 6006:Gabriel Antonio Pereira 5223:Van Aken, Mark (1981). 4956:"José Batlle y Ordoñez" 4876:"Formal and Fatal Duel" 4693:10.21038/ksup.2012.0015 4390:The Journal of Politics 4346:Demasi, Carlos (2004). 3107:Barrán & Nahum 1979 3092:Barrán & Nahum 1983 2960:Pan American Union 1906 2157:Russell H. Fitzgibbon, 2010:Eduardo Acevedo Vásquez 1645:Second Hague Conference 1249:Prudencio Váquez y Vega 1228:, and his uncle-in-law 353:Luis Alberto de Herrera 108:For more guidance, see 6536:Deaths from thrombosis 6167:Alberto Fermín Zubiría 6140:Andrés Martínez Trueba 5947:Juan Antonio Lavalleja 5031:. C. García & cía. 4775:Anoche me llamó Batlle 4528:La Ideología de Batlle 4146:Ardao, Arturo (1951). 4100:Altman, David (2008). 3291:Cassina de Nogara 1990 2295:Catalan pronunciation: 2242:and a neighborhood in 2209: 2191: 2186: 2179: 2164: 2094:Electoral developments 1789:approved by referendum 1695: 1629:New Colorado platforms 1431:Minister of Government 1307: 1192: 1183: 795:Thirty-Three Orientals 769:Fight for Independence 747:Spanish-Portuguese War 6491:Presidents of Uruguay 6466:José Batlle y Ordóñez 6380:José Batlle y Ordóñez 6365:José Batlle y Ordóñez 6247:Juan María Bordaberry 6090:José Batlle y Ordóñez 6085:Juan Lindolfo Cuestas 6016:Lorenzo Batlle y Grau 5724:José Batlle y Ordóñez 5673:Gertrudis Grau y Font 5563:Josep Batlle i Carreó 5433:Juan Lindolfo Cuestas 5423:Juan Lindolfo Cuestas 5404:Juan Lindolfo Cuestas 5321:El país Batlle heredó 5300:. Boulder, Colorado: 5172:. Editorial Kapelusz. 5081:. Cruz Roja Uruguaya. 5063:www.parlamento.gub.uy 4985:International Affairs 4848:Moron, Isaac (1946). 4652:– via ProQuest. 4511:Batlle y el batllismo 4478:Garay, Mario (2017). 4172:. Montevideo Bertani. 3778:Partido Colorado 1916 3662:Batlle y Ordoñez 1914 3650:Batlle y Ordoñez 1914 3638:Batlle y Ordoñez 1914 3621:Batlle y Ordoñez 1914 2948:Batlle y Ordoñez 1905 2837:Ramos de Segarra 1904 2717:Alfaro & Bai 1986 2370:Partido Colorado 2016 2246:are named after him. 2184: 2165: 2150: 2082:Economic developments 2078:on 16 February 1928. 1955:Juan Bernassa y Jerez 1777:Swiss Federal Council 1705:Swiss Federal Council 1693:José Batlle y Ordoñez 1658: 1391:Juan Lindolfo Cuestas 1379:Montevideo Department 1344:Juan Lindolfo Cuestas 1180:Lorenzo Batlle y Grau 1177: 1144:José Gervasio Artigas 1116:Lorenzo Batlle y Grau 1078:high school education 775:José Gervasio Artigas 671:Lorenzo Batlle y Grau 612:Matilde Ibáñez Tálice 489:Montevideo Department 469:Montevideo Department 268:Juan Lindolfo Cuestas 258:Juan Lindolfo Cuestas 230:Juan Lindolfo Cuestas 160:José Batlle y Ordóñez 148:José Batlle y Ordóñez 110:Knowledge:Translation 81:copyright attribution 6279:Luis Alberto Lacalle 6268:Rafael Addiego Bruno 6192:Eduardo Víctor Haedo 6125:Juan José de Amézaga 6068:Julio Herrera y Obes 6021:José Eugenio Ellauri 5831:Amalia Ordóñez Duval 5467:President of Uruguay 5440:President of Uruguay 5411:President of Uruguay 5181:. Tulane University. 5132:10.3828/bhs.41.3.206 4341:. 23 September 1905. 4319:"En la convencion". 2125:President of Uruguay 1709:Constitution of 1918 1673:Antonio M. Rodríguez 1516:Juan Alberto Capurro 1486:Eugenio J. Magdalena 1387:President of Uruguay 1363:Julio Herrera y Obes 1329:Julio Herrera y Obes 1206:President of Uruguay 1030:President of Uruguay 932:Elections in Uruguay 810:Constitution of 1830 805:Treaty of Montevideo 172:President of Uruguay 6526:Uruguayan duellists 6521:Uruguayan feminists 6511:Uruguayan agnostics 6331:Heads of government 6289:Jorge Batlle Ibáñez 6242:Jorge Pacheco Areco 6237:Óscar Diego Gestido 6217:Alberto Héber Usher 5996:Juan Francisco Giró 5102:. Partido Colorado. 5072:on 29 October 2013. 4977:. Partido Colorado. 4966:. 1916. p. 27. 4948:Uruguyans on to-day 4432:Stanford University 4332:. 27 November 1906. 4323:. 27 February 1907. 3735:, pp. 144–143. 3712:, pp. 133–134. 3416:, pp. 495–496. 3245:, pp. 488–494. 3233:, pp. 130–131. 3046:, pp. 255–256. 3022:, pp. 206–207. 2743:, pp. 502–503. 2620:, pp. 127–128. 2541:, pp. 126–127. 2217:in the form of the 1925:Minister of Finance 1849: 1785:Second Constitution 1539:Uruguayan Civil War 1471:Minister of Finance 1415: 1348:department of Salto 1317:Chamber of Deputies 1313:department of Minas 1169:Uruguayan Civil War 1161:Uruguayan Civil War 1110:Batlle was born in 1018:Montevideo, Uruguay 947:Cannabis in Uruguay 937:Politics of Uruguay 785:Portuguese conquest 6212:Washington Beltrán 6162:Luis Batlle Berres 6135:Luis Batlle Berres 6080:Juan Idiarte Borda 5396:Political offices 4881:The New York Times 4863:The New York Times 4730:. 15 January 2020. 4356:Dierksmeier, Claus 4298:Da Silveira, Pablo 3969:The New York Times 3962:The New York Times 2632:, p. 29, 288. 2187: 2172:Milton I. Vanger, 2121:Washington Beltrán 1970:Juan Blengio Rocca 1847: 1696: 1551:battle of Masoller 1549:was killed at the 1533:Revolution of 1904 1527:Revolution of 1904 1476:Martín C. Martínez 1413: 1222:Luis Batlle Berres 1204:, and was elected 1184: 1128:Royal Spanish Navy 1114:on 23 May 1856 to 1064:, as well as free 1062:eight-hour workday 1058:universal suffrage 1024:, was a prominent 965:Uruguay portal 848:Battle of Masoller 604:Luis Batlle Berres 170:19th and 21st 89:interlanguage link 6443: 6442: 6439: 6438: 6395:Juan Pedro Fabini 6317: 6316: 6252:Alberto Demicheli 6207:Luis Giannattasio 6197:Faustino Harrison 5877: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5510: 5509: 5501:Succeeded by 5474:Succeeded by 5447:Succeeded by 5420:Succeeded by 4703:978-1-60635-128-4 4487:(Masters thesis). 4379:978-3-030-04723-8 4186:Barrán, José P.; 4009:, pp. 64–65. 3985:, pp. 60–61. 3281:, pp. 62–63. 2972:Posada-Carbo 1995 2731:, pp. 72–73. 2695:, pp. 25–26. 2596:, pp. 24–25. 2569:, pp. 23–24. 2505:, pp. 57–58. 2450:, pp. 21–22. 2438:, pp. 18–20. 2411:, pp. 24–25. 2299:[ˈbaʎ.ʎə] 2253:named after him. 2223:1967 constitution 2028: 2027: 1870:Pedro Manini Ríos 1703:, similar to the 1665:Pedro Manini Ríos 1524: 1523: 1265:Collège de France 1016:; 23 May 1856 in 999: 998: 822:Independent State 757:British invasions 694: 693: 448:Senate of Uruguay 121: 120: 50: 46: 6548: 6385:Luis C. Caviglia 6370:Julio María Sosa 6335: 6334: 6325: 6309:Luis Lacalle Pou 6182:Martín Echegoyen 6149:Chairmen of the 6120:Alfredo Baldomir 6110:Juan Campisteguy 6042:Alberto Flangini 5984:Fructuoso Rivera 5967:Fructuoso Rivera 5923: 5922: 5904: 5897: 5890: 5881: 5880: 5539:Cristóbal Batlle 5522: 5521: 5513: 5512: 5504:Julio María Sosa 5498:1921–1923 5484:Preceded by 5471:1911–1915 5460:Claudio Wílliman 5457:Preceded by 5450:Claudio Wílliman 5444:1903–1907 5430:Preceded by 5401:Preceded by 5393: 5392: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5358:Encyclopedia.com 5348: 5340: 5324: 5315: 5292: 5269: 5248: 5246: 5219: 5214: 5205: 5197: 5193:Commerce Reports 5187: 5182: 5173: 5164: 5162: 5135: 5112: 5103: 5094: 5082: 5073: 5071: 5060: 5050: 5041: 5032: 5023: 5021: 5009: 4978: 4976: 4967: 4959: 4951: 4942: 4919: 4903: 4894: 4885: 4871: 4868:Associated Press 4853: 4844: 4842: 4811: 4809: 4778: 4769: 4744: 4731: 4719: 4707: 4695: 4676: 4653: 4643: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4612: 4601: 4570: 4549: 4540: 4531: 4522: 4505: 4488: 4486: 4474: 4461: 4452: 4443: 4422: 4383: 4371: 4351: 4342: 4333: 4324: 4315: 4293: 4273: 4252: 4243: 4234: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4195: 4182: 4173: 4164: 4154: 4142: 4133: 4125: 4123: 4096: 4087: 4076: 4058: 4052: 4046: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4010: 4007:Mañé Garzón 2009 4004: 3998: 3995:Mañé Garzón 2009 3992: 3986: 3983:Mañé Garzón 2009 3980: 3974: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3886:Lopez-Alves 2002 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3826:Manini Ríos 1970 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3781: 3775: 3769: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3701: 3695: 3689: 3683: 3677: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3624: 3618: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3594:Nin y Silva 1930 3591: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3486:Porzecanski 1978 3483: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3390:Sanguinetti 2023 3387: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3309: 3306:Partido Colorado 3303: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3183: 3177: 3171: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2927: 2921: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2810: 2804: 2798: 2792: 2786: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2729:Porzecanski 1978 2726: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2642: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2570: 2560: 2554: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2373: 2367: 2358: 2355:Dierksmeier 2019 2348: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2321: 2302: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2286: 2279: 2212: 2194: 2177: 2162: 2141:thromboembolisms 2076:Luis C. Caviglia 2072:Juan Campisteguy 1915:Emilio Barbaroux 1850: 1846: 1835:Fructuoso Rivera 1797:Claudio Williman 1717:Claudio Williman 1685:Claudio Williman 1547:Aparicio Saravia 1446:Claudio Williman 1436:Juan Campisteguy 1416: 1412: 1310: 1301:Political career 1195: 1165:Fructuoso Rivera 1038:political system 1015: 1009: 991: 984: 977: 963: 962: 961: 899:1973 coup d'etat 871:1933 coup d'etat 752:Treaty of Madrid 724: 714: 696: 695: 624: 616: 608: 600: 558: 541: 539: 527:Personal details 517:Salto Department 506: 479: 458: 436: 426: 417: 403: 395:Carlos de Castro 391: 382: 361: 349: 341:Juan Campisteguy 330: 320:Julio María Sosa 316: 304: 285: 265: 255: 242:Claudio Williman 238: 226: 217: 203: 195:Claudio Williman 191: 182: 158: 144: 143: 100: 94: 67:Google Translate 48: 44: 27: 26: 19: 6556: 6555: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6546: 6545: 6446: 6445: 6444: 6435: 6426: 6413: 6404: 6360:Feliciano Viera 6352: 6348: 6342: 6326: 6313: 6257:Aparicio Méndez 6229: 6221: 6154: 6150: 6144: 6095:Feliciano Viera 6031:Lorenzo Latorre 6001:Venancio Flores 5959: 5951: 5927: 5914: 5908: 5878: 5506: 5497: 5489: 5487:Feliciano Viera 5479: 5477:Feliciano Viera 5470: 5462: 5452: 5443: 5435: 5425: 5416: 5413: 5406: 5362: 5360: 5343: 5335: 5332: 5327: 5318: 5312: 5289: 5227:. Book Review. 5222: 5143:. Book Review. 5138: 5115: 5069: 5058: 5019: 5012: 4998:10.2307/2609295 4981: 4974: 4922: 4814: 4798:10.2307/2518448 4781: 4718:. 29 June 2022. 4704: 4679: 4656: 4635: 4626: 4624: 4621:The Independent 4608:A Country Study 4573: 4567: 4559:. M.E. Sharpe. 4552: 4525: 4508: 4484: 4425: 4403:10.2307/2128563 4380: 4312: 4296: 4282: 4220: 4188:Nahum, Benjamín 4152: 4145: 4066: 4061: 4055:Fitzgibbon 1954 4053: 4049: 4041: 4037: 4029: 4025: 4019:Fitzgibbon 1954 4017: 4013: 4005: 4001: 3993: 3989: 3981: 3977: 3959: 3955: 3947: 3940: 3932: 3928: 3920: 3916: 3908: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3868: 3860: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3836: 3832: 3824: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3802:Fitzgibbon 1954 3800: 3796: 3788: 3784: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3743: 3739: 3733:Fitzgibbon 1954 3731: 3727: 3720: 3716: 3710:Fitzgibbon 1954 3708: 3704: 3696: 3692: 3684: 3680: 3676:, pp. 5–6. 3672: 3668: 3660: 3656: 3648: 3644: 3640:, pp. 6–7. 3636: 3627: 3619: 3612: 3604: 3600: 3592: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3568: 3564: 3558:Fitzgibbon 1954 3556: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3484: 3480: 3474:Fitzgibbon 1954 3472: 3468: 3460: 3456: 3448: 3444: 3436: 3432: 3424: 3420: 3412: 3408: 3400: 3396: 3388: 3384: 3376: 3372: 3364: 3360: 3352: 3348: 3340: 3336: 3330:Fitzgibbon 1954 3328: 3324: 3318:Fitzgibbon 1954 3316: 3312: 3304: 3297: 3289: 3285: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3264: 3256: 3249: 3241: 3237: 3231:Fitzgibbon 1954 3229: 3225: 3217:The Independent 3214: 3210: 3202: 3198: 3190: 3186: 3178: 3174: 3168: 3164: 3156: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3132: 3125: 3117: 3113: 3105: 3098: 3090: 3086: 3078: 3074: 3066: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3030: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2994: 2990: 2982: 2978: 2970: 2966: 2958: 2954: 2946: 2942: 2934: 2930: 2922: 2918: 2910: 2906: 2898: 2891: 2885:Fitzgibbon 1954 2883: 2879: 2871: 2867: 2859: 2855: 2847: 2843: 2835: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2811: 2807: 2799: 2795: 2787: 2783: 2775: 2771: 2763: 2759: 2751: 2747: 2739: 2735: 2727: 2723: 2715: 2711: 2703: 2699: 2691: 2687: 2679: 2675: 2667: 2663: 2657:Fitzgibbon 1954 2655: 2651: 2643: 2636: 2628: 2624: 2618:Fitzgibbon 1954 2616: 2612: 2606:Fitzgibbon 1954 2604: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2580: 2573: 2565:, p. 127; 2563:Fitzgibbon 1954 2561: 2557: 2553:, pp. 6–7. 2549: 2545: 2539:Fitzgibbon 1954 2537: 2533: 2525: 2521: 2513: 2509: 2501: 2497: 2489:, p. 126; 2487:Fitzgibbon 1954 2485: 2481: 2475:Fitzgibbon 1954 2473: 2466: 2458: 2454: 2446: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2422: 2415: 2407: 2403: 2395: 2391: 2383: 2376: 2368: 2361: 2349: 2345: 2337: 2333: 2322: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2305: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2259: 2178: 2171: 2163: 2156: 2149: 2105: 2096: 2084: 2060: 2033: 1995:Víctor Sudriers 1890:Feliciano Viera 1848:Second Cabinet 1775:) based on the 1677:Colonel Laborde 1661:Feliciano Viera 1653: 1640: 1631: 1607: 1559: 1535: 1529: 1501:Eduardo Vázquez 1496:Minister of War 1411: 1375: 1303: 1273:Lorenzo Latorre 1253:Heinrich Ahrens 1108: 1070:Catholic Church 1040:, Batllism, to 1013:[ˈbaʃe] 1007:[ˈbaʒe] 995: 959: 957: 952: 951: 922: 914: 913: 889: 888:Military Regime 881: 880: 861: 853: 852: 823: 815: 814: 770: 762: 761: 732: 712: 705: 676: 659: 627: 622: 614: 606: 598: 583:Matilde Pacheco 569:Political party 560: 556: 555:20 October 1929 543: 537: 535: 507: 502: 480: 475: 459: 454: 434: 424: 418: 413: 401: 389: 383: 378: 359: 347: 331: 326: 314: 308:Feliciano Viera 302: 286: 281: 263: 253: 236: 224: 218: 213: 207:Feliciano Viera 201: 189: 183: 178: 161: 149: 140: 117: 116: 115: 98: 92: 51: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6554: 6544: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6516:Male feminists 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6441: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6418: 6415: 6414: 6409: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6356: 6354: 6344: 6343: 6338: 6332: 6328: 6327: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6306: 6304:Tabaré Vázquez 6301: 6296: 6294:Tabaré Vázquez 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6233: 6231: 6230:(1967–present) 6223: 6222: 6220: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6187:Benito Nardone 6184: 6179: 6177:Carlos Fischer 6174: 6169: 6164: 6158: 6156: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6074:Duncan Stewart 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6011:Bernardo Berro 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5990:Joaquín Suárez 5986: 5981: 5976: 5969: 5963: 5961: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5936:Joaquín Suárez 5931: 5929: 5920: 5919:Heads of state 5916: 5915: 5907: 5906: 5899: 5892: 5884: 5875: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5614: 5611: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5518: 5517: 5511: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5499: 5490: 5485: 5481: 5480: 5475: 5472: 5463: 5458: 5454: 5453: 5448: 5445: 5436: 5431: 5427: 5426: 5421: 5418: 5407: 5402: 5398: 5397: 5391: 5390: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5349: 5341: 5331: 5330:External links 5328: 5326: 5325: 5316: 5310: 5293: 5287: 5270: 5249: 5237:(4): 774–775. 5220: 5215: 5206: 5198: 5188: 5183: 5174: 5165: 5153:(4): 577–579. 5136: 5113: 5104: 5095: 5083: 5074: 5051: 5042: 5033: 5024: 5010: 4979: 4968: 4960: 4952: 4943: 4933:(2): 273–275. 4920: 4904: 4895: 4886: 4872: 4854: 4845: 4825:(1): 120–124. 4812: 4792:(4): 413–428. 4779: 4770: 4745: 4732: 4720: 4708: 4702: 4677: 4667:(2): 365–367. 4654: 4633: 4623:. 20 July 1914 4613: 4602: 4590:10.2307/445874 4571: 4565: 4550: 4541: 4532: 4523: 4506: 4496:(in Spanish). 4489: 4475: 4462: 4453: 4444: 4423: 4397:(1): 119–139. 4384: 4378: 4352: 4343: 4334: 4325: 4316: 4310: 4294: 4280: 4253: 4244: 4235: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4196: 4183: 4174: 4165: 4143: 4134: 4126: 4114:(3): 483–520. 4097: 4088: 4077: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4057:, p. 143. 4047: 4045:, p. 139. 4035: 4033:, p. 274. 4023: 4021:, p. 122. 4011: 3999: 3987: 3975: 3953: 3938: 3936:, p. 189. 3926: 3924:, p. 333. 3914: 3912:, p. 143. 3902: 3890: 3888:, p. 104. 3878: 3876:, p. 262. 3866: 3854: 3852:, p. 231. 3842: 3830: 3828:, p. 122. 3818: 3814:La Mañana 2022 3806: 3804:, p. 148. 3794: 3782: 3770: 3761: 3757:La Mañana 2020 3749: 3747:, p. 106. 3737: 3725: 3714: 3702: 3700:, p. 224. 3690: 3678: 3666: 3654: 3642: 3625: 3610: 3598: 3596:, p. 190. 3586: 3574: 3562: 3560:, p. 132. 3550: 3538: 3526: 3514: 3512:, p. 484. 3502: 3490: 3478: 3476:, p. 102. 3466: 3462:Farnworth 1952 3454: 3442: 3430: 3428:, p. 300. 3418: 3406: 3394: 3382: 3380:, p. 593. 3370: 3366:Filgueira 1995 3358: 3346: 3334: 3332:, p. 182. 3322: 3320:, p. 131. 3310: 3295: 3283: 3271: 3262: 3260:, p. 119. 3247: 3235: 3223: 3208: 3206:, p. 553. 3196: 3184: 3182:, p. 264. 3172: 3162: 3150: 3148:, p. 243. 3138: 3123: 3121:, p. 210. 3111: 3096: 3084: 3082:, p. 128. 3072: 3070:, p. 124. 3060: 3048: 3036: 3024: 3012: 3000: 2988: 2976: 2964: 2952: 2940: 2928: 2916: 2914:, p. 194. 2904: 2902:, p. 225. 2889: 2887:, p. 129. 2877: 2875:, p. 608. 2865: 2863:, p. 225. 2853: 2841: 2829: 2827:, p. 150. 2817: 2815:, p. 223. 2805: 2803:, p. 146. 2793: 2791:, p. 385. 2781: 2769: 2767:, p. 227. 2757: 2755:, p. 105. 2745: 2733: 2721: 2709: 2697: 2685: 2683:, p. 111. 2673: 2661: 2659:, p. 128. 2649: 2634: 2622: 2610: 2608:, p. 127. 2598: 2586: 2571: 2555: 2543: 2531: 2519: 2507: 2495: 2479: 2477:, p. 126. 2464: 2452: 2440: 2428: 2413: 2401: 2389: 2374: 2359: 2357:, p. 106. 2353:, p. 16; 2343: 2341:, p. 287. 2331: 2329:, p. 390. 2312: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2287: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2265: 2258: 2255: 2249:There is also 2169: 2154: 2148: 2145: 2104: 2101: 2095: 2092: 2083: 2080: 2059: 2056: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2012: 2007: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1992: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1942: 1936: 1935: 1932: 1927: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1892: 1886: 1885: 1882: 1876: 1875: 1872: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1652: 1649: 1639: 1636: 1630: 1627: 1606: 1603: 1563:secularization 1558: 1557:Social reforms 1555: 1543:National Party 1531:Main article: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1498: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1473: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1458: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1414:First Cabinet 1410: 1407: 1374: 1371: 1302: 1299: 1230:Duncan Stewart 1198:Colorado Party 1122:, a town near 1107: 1104: 1034:Colorado Party 997: 996: 994: 993: 986: 979: 971: 968: 967: 954: 953: 950: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 923: 921:Modern Uruguay 920: 919: 916: 915: 912: 911: 906: 901: 896: 890: 887: 886: 883: 882: 879: 878: 873: 868: 862: 859: 858: 855: 854: 851: 850: 845: 840: 838:Paraguayan War 835: 830: 824: 821: 820: 817: 816: 813: 812: 807: 802: 800:Cisplatine War 797: 792: 787: 782: 780:Federal League 777: 771: 768: 767: 764: 763: 760: 759: 754: 749: 744: 742:Banda Oriental 739: 733: 730: 729: 726: 725: 717: 716: 707: 706: 699: 692: 691: 688: 687: 682: 678: 677: 675: 674: 667: 665: 661: 660: 658: 657: 654: 651: 646: 641: 635: 633: 629: 628: 626: 625: 617: 615:(niece-in-law) 609: 601: 599:(uncle-in-law) 596:Duncan Stewart 592: 590: 586: 585: 580: 576: 575: 573:Colorado Party 570: 566: 565: 559:(aged 73) 553: 549: 548: 533: 529: 528: 524: 523: 520: 519: 514: 510: 509: 499: 498: 494:Member of the 491: 490: 487: 483: 482: 472: 471: 466: 462: 461: 451: 450: 446:Member of the 443: 442: 440:Juan P. Castro 437: 431: 430: 427: 421: 420: 410: 409: 404: 398: 397: 392: 386: 385: 375: 374: 368: 367: 362: 356: 355: 350: 344: 343: 338: 334: 333: 323: 322: 317: 311: 310: 305: 299: 298: 293: 289: 288: 278: 277: 270: 269: 266: 260: 259: 256: 250: 249: 245: 244: 239: 233: 232: 227: 221: 220: 210: 209: 204: 198: 197: 192: 186: 185: 175: 174: 167: 166: 163: 162: 159: 151: 150: 147: 119: 118: 114: 113: 106: 95: 73: 70: 59: 52: 33: 32: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6553: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6471:Batlle family 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6434: 6429: 6425: 6423: 6416: 6412: 6407: 6401: 6400:Antonio Rubio 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6390:Baltasar Brum 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6351: 6345: 6341: 6336: 6333: 6329: 6324: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6172:Arturo Lezama 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6130:Tomás Berreta 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6115:Gabriel Terra 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6100:Baltasar Brum 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6058:Máximo Santos 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6048:Máximo Santos 6046: 6044: 6043: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5991: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5937: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5924: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5905: 5900: 5898: 5893: 5891: 5886: 5885: 5882: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5828: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5817: 5812: 5811: 5806: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5785: 5778: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5767: 5762: 5761: 5756: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5734: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5721: 5720: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5710: 5705: 5704: 5699: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5685: 5684: 5679: 5678: 5670: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5660: 5659: 5654: 5653: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5630: 5629: 5624: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5603: 5602: 5597: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5586: 5585: 5576: 5575: 5570: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5549: 5548: 5543: 5542: 5536: 5524: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5515: 5514: 5505: 5496: 5495: 5488: 5482: 5478: 5469: 5468: 5461: 5455: 5451: 5442: 5441: 5434: 5428: 5424: 5415: 5412: 5405: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5359: 5355: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5322: 5317: 5313: 5311:9781588266941 5307: 5303: 5299: 5294: 5290: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5180: 5175: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5120: 5114: 5110: 5105: 5101: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5075: 5068: 5064: 5057: 5052: 5048: 5043: 5039: 5034: 5030: 5025: 5018: 5017: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4986: 4980: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4927: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4864: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4819: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4786: 4780: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4746: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4661: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4641: 4634: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4609: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4578: 4572: 4568: 4566:9781563247446 4562: 4558: 4557: 4551: 4547: 4542: 4538: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4490: 4483: 4482: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4459: 4454: 4450: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4391: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4344: 4340: 4335: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4317: 4313: 4311:9789974671805 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4281:9781786941312 4277: 4272: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4254: 4250: 4245: 4241: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4206:. 6 May 1987. 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4151: 4150: 4144: 4140: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4085: 4084: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4068: 4056: 4051: 4044: 4043:Edelmann 1969 4039: 4032: 4027: 4020: 4015: 4008: 4003: 3997:, p. 63. 3996: 3991: 3984: 3979: 3972: 3970: 3965: 3963: 3957: 3951:, p. 26. 3950: 3945: 3943: 3935: 3930: 3923: 3918: 3911: 3906: 3900:, p. 74. 3899: 3894: 3887: 3882: 3875: 3870: 3863: 3858: 3851: 3850:Acevedo 1936b 3846: 3840:, p. 28. 3839: 3834: 3827: 3822: 3815: 3810: 3803: 3798: 3792:, p. 95. 3791: 3786: 3780:, p. 27. 3779: 3774: 3765: 3758: 3753: 3746: 3741: 3734: 3729: 3723: 3718: 3711: 3706: 3699: 3694: 3687: 3682: 3675: 3670: 3664:, p. 25. 3663: 3658: 3651: 3646: 3639: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3622: 3617: 3615: 3608:, p. 42. 3607: 3602: 3595: 3590: 3584:, p. 53. 3583: 3578: 3572:, p. 44. 3571: 3566: 3559: 3554: 3548:, p. 30. 3547: 3542: 3536:, p. 29. 3535: 3530: 3524:, p. 53. 3523: 3518: 3511: 3506: 3500:, p. 20. 3499: 3494: 3487: 3482: 3475: 3470: 3463: 3458: 3452:, p. 72. 3451: 3446: 3440:, p. 86. 3439: 3434: 3427: 3422: 3415: 3410: 3403: 3398: 3391: 3386: 3379: 3374: 3367: 3362: 3356:, p. 73. 3355: 3350: 3344:, p. 57. 3343: 3338: 3331: 3326: 3319: 3314: 3307: 3302: 3300: 3293:, p. 45. 3292: 3287: 3280: 3275: 3266: 3259: 3254: 3252: 3244: 3239: 3232: 3227: 3220: 3218: 3212: 3205: 3200: 3193: 3188: 3181: 3176: 3166: 3159: 3154: 3147: 3142: 3136:, p. 48. 3135: 3130: 3128: 3120: 3115: 3108: 3103: 3101: 3094:, p. 79. 3093: 3088: 3081: 3076: 3069: 3064: 3057: 3052: 3045: 3040: 3033: 3028: 3021: 3016: 3010:, p. 85. 3009: 3004: 2998:, p. 48. 2997: 2992: 2986:, p. 11. 2985: 2980: 2974:, p. 84. 2973: 2968: 2961: 2956: 2950:, p. 19. 2949: 2944: 2938:, p. 43. 2937: 2932: 2926:, p. 86. 2925: 2920: 2913: 2908: 2901: 2896: 2894: 2886: 2881: 2874: 2869: 2862: 2857: 2851:, p. 92. 2850: 2845: 2839:, p. 89. 2838: 2833: 2826: 2821: 2814: 2809: 2802: 2797: 2790: 2785: 2779:, p. 14. 2778: 2773: 2766: 2761: 2754: 2749: 2742: 2741:Acevedo 1936a 2737: 2730: 2725: 2719:, p. 22. 2718: 2713: 2707:, p. 65. 2706: 2701: 2694: 2689: 2682: 2677: 2671:, p. 25. 2670: 2665: 2658: 2653: 2647:, p. 29. 2646: 2641: 2639: 2631: 2626: 2619: 2614: 2607: 2602: 2595: 2590: 2584:, p. 24. 2583: 2578: 2576: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2552: 2547: 2540: 2535: 2529:, p. 59. 2528: 2523: 2517:, p. 58. 2516: 2511: 2504: 2499: 2493:, p. 22. 2492: 2488: 2483: 2476: 2471: 2469: 2462:, p. 22. 2461: 2456: 2449: 2444: 2437: 2432: 2426:, p. 22. 2425: 2420: 2418: 2410: 2405: 2398: 2393: 2386: 2381: 2379: 2371: 2366: 2364: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2340: 2335: 2328: 2326: 2320: 2318: 2313: 2300: 2291: 2284: 2278: 2274: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2254: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2202: 2201:Gabriel Terra 2198: 2193: 2183: 2175: 2168: 2160: 2153: 2144: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2123:would become 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2100: 2091: 2088: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2055: 2053: 2052:Baltasar Brum 2048: 2046: 2045:Baltasar Brum 2042: 2038: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1981: 1980:Baltasar Brum 1978: 1977: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1883: 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Retrieved 4620: 4607: 4581: 4575: 4555: 4545: 4536: 4527: 4510: 4493: 4480: 4466: 4457: 4448: 4427: 4394: 4388: 4359: 4347: 4338: 4329: 4320: 4301: 4257: 4248: 4239: 4222: 4203: 4191: 4178: 4169: 4148: 4138: 4129: 4111: 4105: 4092: 4082: 4072: 4064:Bibliography 4050: 4038: 4026: 4014: 4002: 3990: 3978: 3968: 3961: 3956: 3929: 3917: 3905: 3898:Caetano 1992 3893: 3881: 3869: 3864:, p. 2. 3857: 3845: 3833: 3821: 3809: 3797: 3785: 3773: 3764: 3752: 3740: 3728: 3717: 3705: 3693: 3688:, p. 7. 3681: 3669: 3657: 3652:, p. 8. 3645: 3623:, p. 6. 3601: 3589: 3577: 3565: 3553: 3541: 3529: 3517: 3505: 3498:Riqueza 1912 3493: 3488:, p. 3. 3481: 3469: 3457: 3445: 3438:Giudici 1947 3433: 3421: 3409: 3404:, p. 3. 3397: 3385: 3373: 3368:, p. 6. 3361: 3349: 3337: 3325: 3313: 3286: 3274: 3265: 3238: 3226: 3216: 3211: 3199: 3187: 3175: 3165: 3153: 3141: 3114: 3087: 3075: 3063: 3051: 3039: 3027: 3015: 3003: 2991: 2979: 2967: 2955: 2943: 2931: 2919: 2907: 2880: 2868: 2856: 2844: 2832: 2820: 2808: 2796: 2784: 2777:Angione 1987 2772: 2760: 2748: 2736: 2724: 2712: 2700: 2688: 2676: 2664: 2652: 2625: 2613: 2601: 2589: 2558: 2546: 2534: 2522: 2510: 2498: 2482: 2455: 2443: 2431: 2404: 2392: 2387:, p. 2. 2351:Coletta 2018 2346: 2334: 2324: 2290: 2277: 2248: 2237: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2188: 2173: 2166: 2158: 2151: 2133: 2116: 2112: 2106: 2097: 2089: 2085: 2061: 2049: 2034: 2020:José Ramasso 1984:1913 - 1915 1930:José Serrato 1880:José Serrato 1856:Officeholder 1842: 1839: 1832: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1782: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1713: 1697: 1641: 1632: 1623: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1560: 1536: 1422:Officeholder 1400: 1394: 1376: 1367: 1357: 1351: 1341: 1338: 1332: 1324: 1321:Máximo Tajes 1304: 1292: 1287: 1276: 1269: 1257: 1234: 1226:Jorge Batlle 1185: 1109: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1074:middle class 1050: 1021: 1001: 1000: 876:Neo-Batllism 860:20th Century 620:Jorge Batlle 557:(1929-10-20) 513:Constituency 503: 486:Constituency 476: 465:Constituency 455: 435:Succeeded by 414: 402:Succeeded by 379: 360:Succeeded by 327: 315:Succeeded by 282: 273:2nd and 5th 264:Succeeded by 237:Succeeded by 214: 202:Succeeded by 179: 141: 136: 132: 125:Spanish name 85:edit summary 76: 43: 35: 6461:1929 deaths 6456:1856 births 6353:(1917–1933) 6299:José Mujica 6155:(1955–1967) 5960:(1830–1955) 5928:(1828-1830) 5926:Governors 4290:j.ctv8xnfs1 4031:Vanger 1963 3949:Demasi 2004 3874:Vanger 1963 3862:Vanger 1963 3745:Oddone 1990 3698:Vanger 1980 3686:Vanger 2010 3674:Vanger 2010 3582:Hanson 1938 3570:Hanson 1938 3546:Hanson 1938 3534:Hanson 1938 3450:Hanson 1938 3402:Vanger 2010 3258:Vanger 1980 3243:Altman 2008 3192:El Día 1907 3180:Vanger 1963 3158:El Día 1905 3146:Vanger 1980 3119:Vanger 1980 3080:Hanson 1938 3068:Hanson 1938 3056:El Día 1906 3044:Vanger 1963 3032:Vanger 1963 3020:Vanger 1963 3008:Vanger 1963 2996:Antuña 1913 2936:Hanson 1938 2924:Vanger 1963 2912:Vanger 1963 2900:Vanger 1963 2705:Vanger 1963 2693:Vanger 1963 2681:Taylor 1960 2669:Vanger 1963 2645:Vanger 1963 2630:Vanger 1963 2594:Vanger 1963 2582:Vanger 1963 2567:Vanger 1963 2527:Parker 1921 2515:Parker 1921 2503:Parker 1921 2491:Vanger 1963 2460:Vanger 1963 2448:Vanger 1963 2436:Vanger 1963 2424:Hanson 1938 2409:Hanson 1938 2385:Vanger 2010 2339:Vanger 1963 2240:public park 1940:Pedro Cosio 1803:(1919–23). 1245:positivists 1066:high school 711:History of 542:21 May 1856 425:Preceded by 390:Preceded by 348:Preceded by 303:Preceded by 254:Preceded by 225:Preceded by 190:Preceded by 6450:Categories 6227:Presidents 5957:Presidents 5337:"Batllism" 5288:0874511844 5126:(3): 201. 4992:(4): 654. 4918:(1). 1906. 4161:1025196424 3934:Pujol 1996 3910:Pujol 1996 3838:Garay 2017 3606:Moron 1946 3342:Hayes 1972 2309:References 2244:Montevideo 2176:, page 274 2161:, page 122 2119:. His son 2103:Later life 2024:1913–1915 2014:1911–1913 1999:1911–1915 1974:1911–1913 1959:1911–1915 1944:1913–1915 1934:1911–1913 1919:1913–1915 1909:1911–1913 1905:José Romeu 1894:1913–1915 1884:1912–1913 1874:1911–1912 1689:Diego Pons 1683:. Seated: 1567:crucifixes 1520:1903–1907 1505:1903–1907 1480:1903–1904 1465:1903–1907 1461:José Romeu 1450:1904–1907 1440:1903–1904 1247:'. Led by 1193:prohombres 1112:Montevideo 1082:university 790:Cisplatina 685:Journalist 681:Occupation 656:Ana Amalia 653:Amalia Ana 562:Montevideo 545:Montevideo 538:1856-05-21 45:(May 2021) 40:in Spanish 5213:. Taurus. 4766:1688-0390 4728:La Mañana 4716:La Mañana 4650:288388292 4627:21 August 4519:645388467 4460:(Report). 4419:153786895 4190:(1979) . 2210:colegiado 2192:colegiado 1859:Duration 1773:colegiado 1425:Duration 1284:reformist 1241:idealists 1157:Colorados 1124:Barcelona 1048:reforms. 1026:Uruguayan 894:Tupamaros 828:Civil War 589:Relations 564:, Uruguay 547:, Uruguay 504:In office 477:In office 456:In office 419:1903–1903 415:In office 384:1899–1900 380:In office 337:President 328:In office 292:President 283:In office 215:In office 180:In office 103:talk page 5266:62-19225 4939:40929651 4840:44483474 4646:ProQuest 4502:11755870 4440:25415015 4358:(2019). 3170:strikes. 2257:See also 2170:— 2155:— 1853:Ministry 1807:blank." 1419:Ministry 1395:de facto 1261:Sorbonne 1134:and the 1060:and the 1054:Krausist 1032:for the 1022:Don Pepe 927:Mercosur 866:Batllism 702:a series 700:Part of 673:(father) 632:Children 607:(nephew) 123:In this 79:provide 5912:Uruguay 5414:Acting 5347:. 1990. 5091:Riqueza 5006:2609295 4807:2518448 4742:group." 4411:2128563 4231:9542323 4132:. 1929. 2283:Ordóñez 2117:El País 2062:At the 2035:At the 1571:Divorce 1545:leader 1243:' and ' 1218:Lorenzo 713:Uruguay 649:Lorenzo 137:Ordóñez 129:surname 101:to the 83:in the 42:. 5363:10 May 5308: 5285: 5264: 5022:(PhD). 5004: 4937: 4837: 4804: 4764: 4700: 4648: 4598:445874 4596: 4563: 4517: 4500: 4438: 4430:(MA). 4417: 4409: 4376: 4339:El Día 4330:El Día 4321:El Día 4308: 4288: 4278: 4229: 4159: 2147:Legacy 2113:El Día 1814:El Día 1389:while 1373:Senate 1358:El Día 1353:El Día 1333:El Día 1325:El Día 1294:El Día 1288:El Día 1278:El Día 1214:Rafael 1140:second 1120:Sitges 704:on the 664:Parent 644:Rafael 579:Spouse 133:Batlle 5417:1899 5388:Viera 5070:(PDF) 5059:(PDF) 5020:(PDF) 5002:JSTOR 4975:(PDF) 4935:JSTOR 4835:JSTOR 4802:JSTOR 4594:JSTOR 4584:(4). 4485:(PDF) 4415:S2CID 4407:JSTOR 4286:JSTOR 4153:(PDF) 3971:1920b 3964:1920a 2269:Notes 1490:1907 1210:César 1190:were 1148:Spain 1136:first 639:César 63:DeepL 5365:2021 5306:ISBN 5283:ISBN 5262:LCCN 4762:ISSN 4698:ISBN 4629:2012 4561:ISBN 4515:OCLC 4498:OCLC 4436:OCLC 4374:ISBN 4306:ISBN 4276:ISBN 4227:OCLC 4157:OCLC 3219:1914 2327:2013 1787:was 1691:and 1263:and 1216:and 1186:The 1138:and 552:Died 532:Born 77:must 75:You 56:View 5239:doi 5155:doi 5128:doi 4994:doi 4827:doi 4794:doi 4688:doi 4669:doi 4586:doi 4399:doi 4364:doi 4266:doi 4116:doi 1311:of 1010:or 131:is 65:or 6452:: 5356:. 5304:. 5281:. 5260:. 5235:61 5233:. 5151:43 5149:. 5124:41 5122:. 5089:. 5061:. 5000:. 4990:39 4988:. 4931:67 4929:. 4916:23 4914:. 4910:. 4878:. 4866:. 4860:. 4833:. 4823:18 4821:. 4800:. 4790:10 4788:. 4758:25 4756:. 4752:. 4739:. 4726:. 4714:. 4696:. 4665:91 4663:. 4619:. 4592:. 4582:16 4580:. 4434:. 4413:. 4405:. 4395:31 4393:. 4372:. 4284:. 4274:. 4264:. 4112:14 4110:. 4104:. 3966:; 3941:^ 3628:^ 3613:^ 3298:^ 3250:^ 3126:^ 3099:^ 2892:^ 2637:^ 2574:^ 2467:^ 2416:^ 2377:^ 2362:^ 2316:^ 2238:A 2225:. 2047:. 1711:. 1687:, 1679:, 1675:, 1671:, 1667:, 1663:, 1212:, 1171:. 5903:e 5896:t 5889:v 5367:. 5339:. 5314:. 5291:. 5268:. 5247:. 5241:: 5163:. 5157:: 5134:. 5130:: 5111:. 5040:. 5008:. 4996:: 4941:. 4852:. 4843:. 4829:: 4810:. 4796:: 4777:. 4768:. 4706:. 4690:: 4675:. 4671:: 4631:. 4600:. 4588:: 4569:. 4521:. 4504:. 4473:. 4442:. 4421:. 4401:: 4382:. 4366:: 4350:. 4314:. 4292:. 4268:: 4242:. 4233:. 4163:. 4141:. 4124:. 4118:: 4095:. 4075:. 3973:. 3816:. 3759:. 3464:. 3392:. 3308:. 3221:. 3194:. 3160:. 3109:. 3058:. 3034:. 2962:. 2399:. 2372:. 1280:, 1004:( 990:e 983:t 976:v 540:) 536:( 139:. 112:. 105:.

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