281:
494:
47:
255:
Joints are mainly classified structurally and functionally. Structural classification is determined by how the bones connect to each other, while functional classification is determined by the degree of movement between the articulating bones. In practice, there is significant overlap between the two
62:
421:
allowed, and distinguished between joints with one, two or three degrees of freedom. A further classification is according to the number and shapes of the articular surfaces: flat, concave and convex surfaces. Types of articular surfaces include
635:
of the joint or simply as a result of aging and the deterioration of articular cartilage. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that abnormal anatomy may contribute to early development of osteoarthritis. Other forms of arthritis are
1327:
Klein, E. (1971). A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the
English language. Dealing with the origin of words and their sense development thus illustration the history of civilization and culture. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science
375:. Individual intervertebral discs allow for small movements between adjacent vertebrae, but when added together, the vertebral column provides the flexibility that allows the body to twist, or bend to the front, back, or side.
4715:
4692:
674:(TMJ) involves the jaw joints and can cause facial pain, clicking sounds in the jaw, or limitation of jaw movement, to name a few symptoms. It is caused by psychological tension and misalignment of the jaw (
413:
Joints can also be classified, according to the number of axes of movement they allow, into nonaxial (gliding, as between the proximal ends of the ulna and radius), monoaxial (uniaxial), biaxial and
327:– not directly joined – the bones have a synovial cavity and are united by the dense irregular connective tissue that forms the articular capsule that is normally associated with accessory ligaments.
627:
Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in people over the age of 55. There are many different forms of arthritis, each of which has a different cause. The most common form of arthritis,
564:
are abundant in joint capsules and ligaments, as well as in the outer part of intra-articular menisci. These nerve fibers are responsible for pain perception when a joint is strained.
288:
Structural classification names and divides joints according to the type of binding tissue that connects the bones to each other. There are four structural classifications of joints:
220:, are self-lubricating, almost frictionless, and are able to withstand compression and maintain heavy loads while still executing smooth and precise movements. Other joints such as
1079:
660:
crystals in the joint that results in subsequent inflammation. Additionally, there is a less common form of gout that is caused by the formation of rhomboidal-shaped crystals of
434:
Joints can also be classified based on their anatomy or on their biomechanical properties. According to the anatomic classification, joints are subdivided into
4720:
346:
Joints can also be classified functionally according to the type and degree of movement they allow: Joint movements are described with reference to the basic
160:
3986:
889:
2962:
4697:
3963:
1398:
2834:
252:
are included, age of the human and the definition of joints. However, the number of sesamoids is the same in most people with variations being rare.
725:
Humans have also developed lighter, more fragile joint bones over time due to the decrease in physical activity compared to thousands of years ago.
2591:
4049:
3501:
808:
1108:
1016:
2872:
136:
4294:
1351:
4289:
4386:
3945:
1083:
1053:
3825:
3685:
3140:
3821:
3703:
2955:
2917:
3590:
3268:
4602:
3086:
1391:
1299:
4597:
3585:
2827:
2522:
1149:
208:
into a functional whole. They are constructed to allow for different degrees and types of movement. Some joints, such as the
385:) – freely movable. Synovial joints can in turn be classified into six groups according to the type of movement they allow:
3313:
2584:
1137:
4439:
4149:
4042:
3940:
3917:
3548:
3494:
2948:
2928:
314:
4564:
4471:
3922:
3864:
3543:
2923:
2867:
306:
4664:
4631:
4569:
4159:
3219:
2710:
1384:
1248:
872:
792:
4636:
4587:
4541:
4425:
4154:
3906:
3901:
3772:
3713:
3634:
3450:
3214:
2820:
2223:
671:
4592:
4546:
4504:
4421:
4317:
3263:
3160:
3019:
2577:
361:, such as skull sutures. This lack of mobility is important, because the skull bones serve to protect the brain.
4707:
4674:
4669:
4494:
4430:
4396:
4312:
4107:
4035:
3978:
3754:
3487:
3318:
3155:
3014:
418:
967:
Chen, Wei; Cheng, Jiaxiang; Sun, Ran; Zhang, Zekun; Zhu, Yanbin; Ipaktchi, Kyros; Zhang, Yingze (2015-07-15).
4466:
4434:
4391:
3445:
1892:
1870:
155:
284:
Types of joints based upon their structure (L to R): cartilaginous joint, fibrous joint, and synovial joint.
4654:
4322:
3859:
3440:
3124:
1419:
943:
4659:
4458:
4304:
4281:
4232:
4208:
4190:
3854:
3807:
3803:
3649:
3333:
3255:
1216:
4684:
4203:
4185:
4175:
4170:
3816:
3812:
3767:
3762:
3601:
3120:
2882:
2388:
2120:
845:
4102:
3955:
3721:
3606:
2892:
2753:
2080:
1043:
Principles of
Anatomy & Physiology, 12th Edition, Tortora & Derrickson, Pub: Wiley & Sons
812:
1112:
1020:
4777:
4401:
3912:
3558:
3553:
3286:
3206:
3060:
2897:
2758:
2461:
2447:
2088:
119:
4556:
4449:
3883:
3849:
3580:
3568:
3422:
3417:
3135:
2909:
2859:
2620:
2493:
2443:
2429:
2420:
535:
4646:
4623:
4237:
4096:
3932:
3644:
3639:
3535:
3459:
3323:
2748:
2735:
2702:
2687:
2666:
2649:
2489:
2014:
1919:
1771:
864:
858:
631:(also known as degenerative joint disease), occurs following trauma to the joint, following an
530:
525:
167:
143:
131:
89:
31:
17:
1196:
1176:
4579:
4499:
4260:
3893:
3869:
3464:
3278:
3246:
3055:
3043:
2851:
2715:
2697:
2336:
2266:
1821:
1264:
1238:
782:
754:
661:
555:
390:
2812:
4533:
4486:
4117:
4091:
4086:
3291:
2720:
2692:
2216:
2050:
1996:
1786:
1172:
1057:
969:"Prevalence and variation of sesamoid bones in the hand: a multi-center radiographic study"
944:"Sesamoid Injuries in the Foot – Sesamoiditis Foot | Foot Health Facts - Foot Health Facts"
637:
8:
4509:
4476:
3878:
3386:
3351:
3305:
3196:
3111:
3082:
2625:
2397:
2273:
1799:
1568:
645:
641:
587:
372:
368:
317:
composed of hyaline cartilage covering the articular surfaces of the involved bones with
298:
71:
67:
4027:
1371:
594:
and osteoarthritis. Swimming is a great way to exercise the joints with minimal damage.
4747:
4742:
4734:
4524:
4215:
3835:
3677:
3626:
3610:
3394:
2543:
1991:
1862:
1624:
1615:
1601:
993:
968:
925:
477:
280:
228:
permit very little movement (only during birth) in order to protect the brain and the
4112:
3731:
3695:
3188:
2781:
2743:
2517:
2438:
2434:
2190:
2180:
1711:
1508:
1244:
1145:
998:
980:
917:
909:
905:
868:
788:
665:
591:
581:
466:
347:
334:
310:
2569:
1279:
929:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4225:
4122:
3432:
3091:
3006:
2987:
2727:
2393:
2157:
1664:
1647:
1528:
1478:
1473:
988:
901:
649:
540:
414:
3479:
4772:
4255:
4220:
3840:
3615:
3409:
3399:
3048:
3038:
2791:
2676:
2671:
2321:
2209:
2165:
2113:
2065:
1986:
1583:
1411:
739:
610:
520:
402:
205:
124:
2940:
4413:
3874:
3654:
3597:
3102:
3030:
2659:
2654:
2635:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2480:
2367:
2362:
2293:
2256:
2042:
1932:
1776:
1754:
1727:
1573:
1428:
1266:
Sarrafian's
Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle: Descriptive, Topographic, Functional
628:
505:
473:
455:
378:
364:
324:
318:
221:
52:
1017:"Introduction to Joints (3) – Joints – Classification by Tissue Joining Bones"
423:
4766:
4007:
3130:
2682:
2600:
2512:
2278:
2246:
2185:
2025:
1880:
1850:
1838:
1825:
1809:
1563:
1498:
984:
913:
358:
292:
249:
148:
1339:
A Latin dictionary founded on
Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary.
493:
3991:
3968:
3726:
3373:
2786:
2644:
2484:
2357:
2326:
2170:
1493:
1441:
1376:
1002:
675:
602:
406:
354:
295:– joined by dense regular connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers
84:
921:
844:
Saladin, Ken. Anatomy & Physiology. 7th ed. McGraw-Hill
Connect. Web.
4012:
3576:
3382:
3170:
2996:
2612:
2604:
2457:
2383:
2311:
2306:
2298:
2261:
2098:
1947:
1927:
1742:
1737:
1677:
744:
598:
573:
398:
394:
386:
330:
229:
2466:
2346:
2006:
1875:
1845:
1794:
1699:
1407:
1212:
1192:
734:
609:. Most joint disorders involve arthritis, but joint damage by external
236:
is also called a joint, and is described as a fibrous joint known as a
4066:
3074:
2776:
2470:
2425:
2283:
2251:
1969:
1764:
1545:
657:
632:
606:
577:
545:
501:
The joints may be classified anatomically into the following groups:
459:
302:
237:
1503:
863:(39th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. p.
4062:
3526:
3514:
2975:
2847:
2801:
2558:
2553:
2145:
2108:
2103:
2030:
1902:
1483:
1468:
1446:
749:
217:
201:
1109:"Introduction to Joints (2) – Joints – Classification by Movement"
173:
3745:
2796:
2416:
2175:
2093:
2070:
1974:
1964:
1959:
1897:
1833:
1538:
1488:
1463:
1272:
590:) or the bones and muscles that stabilize the joints can lead to
233:
3237:
2130:
2125:
2060:
2055:
2001:
1937:
1885:
1804:
1694:
1682:
1637:
1596:
1591:
1533:
1458:
860:
Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice
357:– permits little or no mobility. Most synarthrosis joints are
204:, or other hard structures in the body which link an animal's
4345:
3795:
3668:
2979:
2842:
2140:
2135:
2020:
1747:
1654:
1513:
1452:
515:
510:
275:
225:
213:
103:
1358:. Smithsonian, 22 December 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
240:. Joints are classified both structurally and functionally.
4336:
4247:
4141:
4132:
3786:
1907:
1642:
1518:
1436:
973:
International
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
653:
561:
550:
481:
209:
197:
465:
Compound joint: three or more articulation surfaces (e.g.
367:– permits slight mobility. Most amphiarthrosis joints are
61:
4074:
4057:
3518:
2201:
1942:
1759:
1523:
678:), and may be affecting as many as 75 million Americans.
472:
Complex joint: two or more articulation surfaces and an
268:
oligoarticular or pauciarticular – concerning 2–4 joints
46:
811:. eMedicine Dictionary. 30 October 2013. Archived from
341:
1300:"Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience - 6th Edition"
442:, depending on the number of bones involved, and into
2599:
259:
890:"The sesamoid bones of the hand and their pathology"
3509:
1352:
Switching to
Farming Made Human Joint Bones Lighter
1103:
1101:
1056:. Medilexicon – Medical Dictionary. Archived from
2970:
1331:
1232:
1230:
1228:
966:
4764:
3753:
1372:Synovial joints Illustrations and Classification
1098:
1009:
850:
776:
774:
772:
770:
620:(multiarticular) when involving many joints and
27:Location at which two or more bones make contact
1135:
781:Whiting, William Charles; Rugg, Stuart (2006).
429:
3645:Glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior)
1225:
1165:
1136:J. Gordon Betts; et al. (20 April 2022).
454:Simple joint: two articulation surfaces (e.g.
4043:
3495:
2956:
2828:
2585:
2217:
1392:
894:Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland)
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
767:
605:of one or more joints the disorder is called
417:. Another classification is according to the
1406:
1344:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1205:
1185:
1039:
1037:
787:. Vol. 10. Human Kinetics. p. 40.
3456:ligaments connecting the sacrum and ischium
1131:
1129:
1046:
780:
271:polyarticular – concerning 5 or more joints
4050:
4036:
3502:
3488:
2995:
2963:
2949:
2835:
2821:
2592:
2578:
2224:
2210:
1399:
1385:
827:
276:Structural classification (binding tissue)
3141:Tectorial membrane of atlanto-axial joint
1316:
1034:
992:
856:
232:. The connection between a tooth and the
1126:
567:
492:
279:
1236:
1111:. anatomy.med.umich.edu. Archived from
1019:. anatomy.med.umich.edu. Archived from
648:in which the body is attacking itself.
14:
4765:
1178:An Illustrated System of Human Anatomy
1171:
4031:
3483:
2944:
2816:
2573:
2205:
1380:
3314:intraarticular sternocostal ligament
1337:Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879).
1211:
1191:
887:
707:, past participle of the Latin verb
624:when involving only a single joint.
342:Functional classification (movement)
265:monoarticular – concerning one joint
4295:posterior of the head of the fibula
2929:posterior atlantooccipital membrane
1263:Armen S Kelikian, Shahan Sarrafian
1243:. Vol. 1. Thieme. p. 28.
613:is typically not termed arthritis.
248:The number of joints depends on if
24:
4357:medial of talocrural joint/deltoid
4290:anterior of the head of the fibula
2924:Anterior atlantooccipital membrane
586:Damaging the cartilage of joints (
260:Clinical, numerical classification
25:
4789:
4387:lateral collateral of ankle joint
4160:Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
3946:Superficial transverse metacarpal
3220:posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
2711:Petrous part of the temporal bone
1365:
1218:Anatomy, descriptive and surgical
1198:Anatomy, descriptive and surgical
695:is a past participle of the verb
243:
196:) is the connection made between
4472:plantar calcaneonavicular/spring
4155:Anterior meniscofemoral ligament
3773:Interosseous membrane of forearm
3451:interosseous sacroiliac ligament
3215:anterior sacrococcygeal ligament
711:, join, unite, connect, attach.
672:Temporomandibular joint syndrome
664:. This form of gout is known as
60:
45:
3161:posterior atlantoaxial ligament
3020:posterior longitudinal ligament
1292:
1257:
1080:"Foundational Model of Anatomy"
1072:
4477:bifurcated (calcaneonavicular)
3591:Inferior transverse of scapula
3319:radiate sternocostal ligaments
3156:anterior atlantoaxial ligament
3015:anterior longitudinal ligament
1280:"Introductory Anatomy: Joints"
1138:"9.1 Classification of Joints"
960:
936:
881:
801:
703:. Joint is derived from Latin
652:is caused by joint infection.
333:– joint between two articular
315:secondary cartilaginous joints
13:
1:
3446:posterior sacroiliac ligament
760:
488:
4603:interosseous cuneometatarsal
4323:Interosseous membrane of leg
3586:Superior transverse scapular
3441:anterior sacroiliac ligament
3125:Transverse ligament of atlas
1240:Color Atlas of Human Anatomy
906:10.1016/0266-7681(84)90038-x
888:Wood, V. E. (October 1984).
686:
430:Biomechanical classification
307:primary cartilaginous joints
7:
4598:interosseous intercuneiform
4510:bifurcated (calcaneocuboid)
728:
656:is caused by deposition of
597:A joint disorder is termed
10:
4794:
4647:Intermetatarsal/metatarsal
3941:Deep transverse metacarpal
3549:Posterior sternoclavicular
3121:Cruciate ligament of atlas
2883:Temporomandibular ligament
2389:Anatomical terms of motion
2231:
681:
571:
256:types of classifications.
29:
4733:
4706:
4683:
4645:
4622:
4615:
4578:
4555:
4532:
4522:
4485:
4457:
4448:
4412:
4344:
4335:
4303:
4280:
4273:
4246:
4140:
4131:
4073:
4000:
3977:
3954:
3931:
3892:
3834:
3794:
3785:
3744:
3712:
3694:
3676:
3667:
3625:
3567:
3544:Anterior sternoclavicular
3534:
3525:
3431:
3408:
3381:
3372:
3350:
3332:
3304:
3277:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3205:
3187:
3169:
3110:
3101:
3073:
3028:
3004:
2986:
2908:
2893:Sphenomandibular ligament
2858:
2769:
2634:
2611:
2502:
2406:
2376:
2239:
2156:
2079:
2041:
1918:
1861:
1820:
1785:
1726:
1663:
1623:
1614:
1582:
1554:
1427:
1418:
857:Standring, Susan (2006).
809:"Articulation definition"
616:Arthropathies are called
562:Unmyelinated nerve fibers
224:between the bones of the
166:
154:
142:
130:
118:
102:
97:
83:
78:
59:
44:
39:
4624:Tarsometatarsal/Lisfranc
3865:Interosseous intercarpal
3287:Costotransverse ligament
3269:Intra-articular ligament
3061:intertransverse ligament
2898:Stylomandibular ligament
2478:specialized/lower limbs:
2455:specialized/upper limbs:
1341:Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1237:Platzer, Werner (2008).
1142:- Anatomy and Physiology
536:Temporomandibular joints
497:Joints of the human body
3423:inferior pubic ligament
3418:superior pubic ligament
3136:Apical ligament of dens
2621:Pterygospinous ligament
948:www.foothealthfacts.org
531:Vertebral articulations
526:Sternoclavicular joints
305:. There are two types:
4670:superficial transverse
4505:plantar calcaneocuboid
4414:Subtalar/talocalcaneal
4318:Posterior tibiofibular
3907:Palmar carpometacarpal
3902:Dorsal carpometacarpal
3460:sacrotuberous ligament
3324:costoxiphoid ligaments
2736:palatomaxillary suture
2650:frontoethmoidal suture
1851:Lymphoid immune system
1420:Musculoskeletal system
718:is derived from Latin
498:
337:between two vertebrae.
285:
168:Anatomical terminology
90:Musculoskeletal system
32:Joint (disambiguation)
4495:dorsal calcaneocuboid
4459:Talocalcaneonavicular
4397:posterior talofibular
4313:Anterior tibiofibular
4305:Inferior tibiofibular
4282:Superior tibiofibular
4261:Infrapatellar fat pad
4108:transverse acetabular
3465:sacrospinous ligament
3056:interspinous ligament
3044:supraspinous ligament
2337:Ball and socket joint
2267:Interosseous membrane
1839:Myeloid immune system
1625:Cardiovascular system
1173:Morton, Samuel George
784:Dynamic Human Anatomy
755:Development of joints
699:, and can be read as
662:calcium pyrophosphate
601:, and when involving
572:Further information:
568:Clinical significance
556:Articulations of foot
496:
391:ball and socket joint
283:
51:Diagram of a typical
4467:dorsal talonavicular
4392:anterior talofibular
4367:posterior tibiotalar
4346:Talocrural and ankle
3292:Lumbocostal ligament
2191:Islets of Langerhans
2051:Genitourinary system
1787:Integumentary system
1356:Smithsonian Magazine
1086:on December 19, 2013
638:rheumatoid arthritis
371:. An example is the
369:cartilaginous joints
30:For other uses, see
4685:Metatarsophalangeal
4362:anterior tibiotalar
3956:Metacarpophalangeal
3714:Proximal radioulnar
3197:iliolumbar ligament
3083:intervertebral disc
2626:Stylohyoid ligament
2355:by range of motion:
2081:Reproductive system
1800:Subcutaneous tissue
1569:Cartilaginous joint
646:autoimmune diseases
642:psoriatic arthritis
588:articular cartilage
373:intervertebral disc
299:cartilaginous joint
72:cartilaginous joint
68:intervertebral disc
3860:Palmar intercarpal
3855:Dorsal intercarpal
3808:Palmar radiocarpal
3804:Dorsal radiocarpal
3650:Transverse humeral
3395:Obturator membrane
2754:with temporal bone
2749:with sphenoid bone
2698:with parietal bone
1863:Respiratory system
1616:Circulatory system
1350:Thompson, Helen. "
979:(7): 11721–11726.
592:joint dislocations
499:
419:degrees of freedom
286:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4729:
4728:
4611:
4610:
4557:Cuboideonavicular
4518:
4517:
4450:Transverse tarsal
4331:
4330:
4269:
4268:
4113:acetabular labrum
4025:
4024:
4021:
4020:
3918:Radial collateral
3826:Radial collateral
3817:Palmar ulnocarpal
3813:Dorsal ulnocarpal
3796:Wrist/radiocarpal
3781:
3780:
3768:Dorsal radioulnar
3763:Palmar radioulnar
3755:Distal radioulnar
3740:
3739:
3686:Radial collateral
3663:
3662:
3602:Acromioclavicular
3569:Acromioclavicular
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3368:
3367:
3300:
3299:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3069:
3068:
2938:
2937:
2910:Atlanto-occipital
2860:Temporomandibular
2810:
2809:
2782:Periodontal fiber
2759:with frontal bone
2744:zygomatic process
2693:with frontal bone
2567:
2566:
2518:Synovial membrane
2439:External rotation
2435:Internal rotation
2199:
2198:
1722:
1721:
1712:Glymphatic system
1610:
1609:
1151:978-1-951693-42-8
1060:on August 6, 2016
1054:"Articular Facet"
714:The English term
691:The English word
582:Joint replacement
541:Sacroiliac joints
467:radiocarpal joint
381:(also known as a
348:anatomical planes
311:hyaline cartilage
194:articular surface
182:
181:
177:
16:(Redirected from
4785:
4620:
4619:
4530:
4529:
4455:
4454:
4342:
4341:
4278:
4277:
4138:
4137:
4123:zona orbicularis
4052:
4045:
4038:
4029:
4028:
3923:Ulnar collateral
3822:Ulnar collateral
3792:
3791:
3751:
3750:
3704:Ulnar collateral
3674:
3673:
3607:Coracoclavicular
3536:Sternoclavicular
3532:
3531:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3481:
3480:
3379:
3378:
3264:Radiate ligament
3252:
3251:
3243:
3242:
3108:
3107:
3092:nucleus pulposus
3031:vertebral arches
3007:vertebral bodies
3002:
3001:
2993:
2992:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2814:
2813:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2523:Fibrous membrane
2226:
2219:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2158:Endocrine system
1920:Digestive system
1665:Lymphatic system
1648:Lymphatic vessel
1621:
1620:
1425:
1424:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1378:
1377:
1359:
1348:
1342:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1304:www.elsevier.com
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1276:
1270:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1234:
1223:
1222:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1082:. Archived from
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1013:
1007:
1006:
996:
964:
958:
957:
955:
954:
940:
934:
933:
885:
879:
878:
854:
848:
842:
825:
824:
822:
820:
805:
799:
798:
778:
650:Septic arthritis
321:connecting them.
174:edit on Wikidata
171:
93:Articular system
66:Depiction of an
64:
49:
37:
36:
21:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4778:Skeletal system
4763:
4762:
4761:
4752:
4725:
4708:Interphalangeal
4702:
4679:
4675:deep transverse
4641:
4607:
4574:
4551:
4514:
4481:
4444:
4408:
4402:calcaneofibular
4327:
4299:
4265:
4256:Patellar tendon
4242:
4191:fibular/lateral
4127:
4069:
4056:
4026:
4017:
3996:
3979:Interphalangeal
3973:
3950:
3933:Intermetacarpal
3927:
3894:Carpometacarpal
3888:
3830:
3777:
3736:
3708:
3690:
3659:
3621:
3563:
3559:Costoclavicular
3554:Interclavicular
3521:
3508:
3478:
3469:
3427:
3410:Pubic symphysis
3404:
3400:Obturator canal
3364:
3346:
3328:
3296:
3279:Costotransverse
3273:
3224:
3201:
3183:
3165:
3097:
3087:anulus fibrosus
3065:
3049:nuchal ligament
3039:ligamenta flava
3024:
2982:
2969:
2939:
2934:
2904:
2854:
2841:
2811:
2806:
2792:Dental alveolus
2765:
2703:sphenosquamosal
2688:sphenoethmoidal
2667:occipitomastoid
2630:
2607:
2598:
2568:
2563:
2498:
2402:
2372:
2322:Condyloid joint
2235:
2230:
2200:
2195:
2152:
2114:Seminal vesicle
2075:
2037:
1987:Small intestine
1914:
1857:
1816:
1781:
1718:
1659:
1606:
1584:Muscular system
1578:
1550:
1429:Skeletal system
1414:
1405:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1349:
1345:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1235:
1226:
1210:
1206:
1190:
1186:
1170:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1134:
1127:
1118:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1035:
1026:
1024:
1015:
1014:
1010:
965:
961:
952:
950:
942:
941:
937:
886:
882:
875:
855:
851:
843:
828:
818:
816:
815:on 31 July 2012
807:
806:
802:
795:
779:
768:
763:
740:Cracking joints
731:
689:
684:
654:Gouty arthritis
611:physical trauma
584:
570:
521:Axillary joints
491:
432:
403:condyloid joint
344:
278:
262:
246:
206:skeletal system
178:
112:
110:
92:
74:
55:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4791:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4739:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4712:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4651:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4628:
4626:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4580:Intercuneiform
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4561:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4538:
4536:
4534:Cuneonavicular
4527:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4487:Calcaneocuboid
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4463:
4461:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4428:
4418:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4377:tibionavicular
4374:
4372:tibiocalcaneal
4369:
4364:
4350:
4348:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4286:
4284:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4252:
4250:
4248:Patellofemoral
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4198:intracapsular:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4165:extracapsular:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4089:
4079:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4055:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4032:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3983:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3884:Pisometacarpal
3881:
3875:Pisiform joint
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3850:Radiate carpal
3847:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3819:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3655:Glenoid labrum
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3613:
3604:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3581:Coracoacromial
3573:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3507:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3484:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3249:
3247:Costovertebral
3240:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3207:Sacrococcygeal
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3116:
3114:
3105:
3103:Synovial joint
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3009:
2999:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2873:Articular disk
2870:
2864:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2742:Involving the
2739:
2738:
2730:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2716:sphenopetrosal
2709:Involving the
2707:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2681:Involving the
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2660:coronal suture
2657:
2655:frontal suture
2652:
2643:Involving the
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2601:Fibrous joints
2597:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:extracapsular:
2547:
2546:
2540:Articular disk
2537:
2535:Synovial bursa
2532:
2530:Synovial fluid
2527:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2487:
2481:Plantarflexion
2474:
2473:
2464:
2451:
2450:
2441:
2432:
2423:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2363:Amphiarthrosis
2360:
2351:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2301:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2043:Urinary system
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Laryngopharynx
1962:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1933:Salivary gland
1924:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1830:
1828:
1826:immune systems
1822:Haematopoietic
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1772:Somatic system
1769:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1755:Sensory system
1752:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1732:
1730:
1728:Nervous system
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1707:CNS equivalent
1704:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1669:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1629:
1627:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1574:Synovial joint
1571:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1433:
1431:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1366:External links
1364:
1361:
1360:
1343:
1330:
1315:
1291:
1271:
1256:
1249:
1224:
1221:. p. 220.
1204:
1201:. p. 136.
1184:
1181:. p. 119.
1164:
1150:
1125:
1097:
1071:
1045:
1033:
1008:
959:
935:
900:(3): 261–264.
880:
873:
849:
826:
800:
793:
765:
764:
762:
759:
758:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
730:
727:
688:
685:
683:
680:
629:osteoarthritis
569:
566:
559:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
506:Joints of hand
490:
487:
486:
485:
474:articular disc
470:
463:
456:shoulder joint
431:
428:
411:
410:
379:synovial joint
376:
365:amphiarthrosis
362:
359:fibrous joints
343:
340:
339:
338:
328:
325:synovial joint
322:
319:fibrocartilage
296:
277:
274:
273:
272:
269:
266:
261:
258:
245:
244:Classification
242:
180:
179:
170:
164:
163:
158:
152:
151:
146:
140:
139:
134:
128:
127:
122:
116:
115:
106:
100:
99:
95:
94:
87:
81:
80:
76:
75:
65:
57:
56:
53:synovial joint
50:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4790:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4732:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4521:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4238:anterolateral
4236:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4186:medial/tibial
4184:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4103:head of femur
4101:
4098:
4097:ischiofemoral
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4053:
4048:
4046:
4041:
4039:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4008:Carpal tunnel
4006:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3640:Coracohumeral
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3505:
3500:
3498:
3493:
3491:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3387:pelvic girdle
3384:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3352:Costochondral
3349:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3334:Interchondral
3331:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3171:Zygapophysial
3168:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:Alar ligament
3129:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3112:Atlanto-axial
3109:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2961:
2959:
2954:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2852:head and neck
2849:
2845:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2721:petrosquamous
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2683:sphenoid bone
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2513:Joint capsule
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:Synchondrosis
2277:
2276:
2275:
2274:Cartilaginous
2272:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2026:Biliary tract
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1810:Mammary gland
1808:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:Fibrous joint
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1408:Human systems
1402:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1252:
1250:9783135333069
1246:
1242:
1241:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1130:
1115:on 2011-07-18
1114:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1040:
1038:
1023:on 2011-06-08
1022:
1018:
1012:
1004:
1000:
995:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
963:
949:
945:
939:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
884:
876:
874:0-443-07168-3
870:
866:
862:
861:
853:
847:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
814:
810:
804:
796:
794:9780736036825
790:
786:
785:
777:
775:
773:
771:
766:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
726:
723:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
679:
677:
673:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
634:
630:
625:
623:
622:monoarticular
619:
618:polyarticular
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
583:
579:
575:
565:
563:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
502:
495:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:
464:
461:
457:
453:
452:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
427:
425:
420:
416:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
377:
374:
370:
366:
363:
360:
356:
353:
352:
351:
349:
336:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
297:
294:
293:fibrous joint
291:
290:
289:
282:
270:
267:
264:
263:
257:
253:
251:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
175:
169:
165:
162:
159:
157:
153:
150:
147:
145:
141:
138:
135:
133:
129:
126:
123:
121:
117:
114:
107:
105:
101:
96:
91:
88:
86:
82:
77:
73:
69:
63:
58:
54:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4743:Longitudinal
4665:interosseous
4500:long plantar
4440:interosseous
4383:
4353:
4274:Tibiofibular
4197:
4164:
4142:Tibiofemoral
4082:
4058:
3911:
3870:Scapholunate
3727:Oblique cord
3678:Humeroradial
3627:Glenohumeral
3510:
3455:
3360:no ligaments
3359:
3342:no ligaments
3341:
3306:Sternocostal
3179:no ligaments
3178:
3149:no ligaments
3148:
2971:
2843:
2787:Periodontium
2732:
2645:frontal bone
2550:
2509:
2485:Dorsiflexion
2477:
2454:
2413:
2358:Synarthrosis
2354:
2345:
2327:Saddle joint
2292:
2232:
2013:
1981:
1954:
1706:
1689:
1672:
1632:
1555:
1355:
1346:
1338:
1333:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:
1294:
1283:. Retrieved
1274:
1265:
1259:
1239:
1217:
1207:
1197:
1187:
1177:
1167:
1155:. Retrieved
1144:. OpenStax.
1141:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:the original
1090:December 19,
1088:. Retrieved
1084:the original
1074:
1064:December 19,
1062:. Retrieved
1058:the original
1048:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:the original
1011:
976:
972:
962:
951:. Retrieved
947:
938:
897:
893:
883:
859:
852:
817:. Retrieved
813:the original
803:
783:
724:
719:
716:articulation
715:
713:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
690:
676:malocclusion
670:
644:, which are
626:
621:
617:
615:
603:inflammation
596:
585:
560:
516:Wrist joints
511:Elbow joints
500:
447:
443:
439:
435:
433:
412:
407:saddle joint
382:
355:synarthrosis
345:
309:composed of
301:– joined by
287:
254:
247:
230:sense organs
193:
190:articulation
189:
185:
183:
137:A03.0.00.000
108:
4525:intertarsal
4182:collateral
4092:pubofemoral
4087:iliofemoral
4013:Ulnar canal
3836:Intercarpal
3696:Humeroulnar
3577:Syndesmoses
3383:Syndesmoses
3256:Head of rib
3189:Lumbosacral
2997:Syndesmosis
2922:membranes (
2613:Syndesmosis
2605:human skull
2458:Protraction
2384:Kinesiology
2377:Terminology
2368:Diarthrosis
2312:Pivot joint
2307:Hinge joint
2299:Plane joint
2262:Syndesmosis
2181:Parathyroid
1881:Nasopharynx
1743:Spinal cord
1678:Bone marrow
1447:Collar bone
1213:Gray, Henry
1193:Gray, Henry
819:18 November
745:Kinesiology
720:articulatio
599:arthropathy
574:Arthropathy
551:Knee joints
448:combination
399:pivot joint
395:hinge joint
387:plane joint
383:diarthrosis
331:facet joint
113:articulatio
98:Identifiers
4767:Categories
4748:Transverse
4721:collateral
4698:collateral
4233:transverse
4167:popliteal
3987:Collateral
3964:Collateral
3879:Pisohamate
3433:Sacroiliac
2503:Components
2467:Supination
2462:Retraction
2448:Depression
2398:Antagonist
2347:synostosis
1960:Oropharynx
1700:Lymph node
1633:peripheral
1479:Metatarsus
1474:Metacarpus
1453:Thigh bone
1449:(clavicle)
1309:2019-03-17
1285:2008-01-29
1269:p. 94
1119:2012-10-06
1027:2008-01-29
953:2021-07-04
761:References
735:Arthrology
666:pseudogout
546:Hip joints
489:Anatomical
482:knee joint
426:surfaces.
415:multiaxial
109:articulus,
4426:posterior
4209:posterior
4200:cruciate
4067:human leg
4063:ligaments
3841:Midcarpal
3611:trapezoid
3515:ligaments
3147:Lateral:
3075:Symphysis
2988:Vertebral
2976:ligaments
2848:ligaments
2777:Gomphosis
2728:squamosal
2510:capsular:
2494:Inversion
2471:Pronation
2444:Elevation
2430:Abduction
2426:Adduction
2421:Extension
2284:Symphysis
2252:Gomphosis
2166:Pituitary
2015:accessory
1970:Esophagus
1690:secondary
1602:Diaphragm
1546:Cartilage
1494:Phalanges
985:1940-5901
914:0266-7681
687:Etymology
658:uric acid
633:infection
607:arthritis
578:Arthritis
460:hip joint
424:trochlear
335:processes
303:cartilage
250:sesamoids
238:gomphosis
111:junctura,
4422:anterior
4384:lateral:
4204:anterior
3732:Quadrate
3598:Synovial
3527:Shoulder
3119:Medial:
2879:Lateral
2802:Cementum
2677:sagittal
2672:lambdoid
2559:Enthesis
2554:Ligament
2544:Meniscus
2490:Eversion
2414:general:
2294:synovial
2146:Placenta
2109:Testicle
2104:Prostate
2031:Pancreas
1992:Appendix
1982:lower GI
1955:upper GI
1903:Bronchus
1846:Lymphoid
1529:Vertebra
1484:Ossicles
1469:Mandible
1215:(1887).
1195:(1859).
1175:(1849).
1003:26380010
930:72038079
750:Ligament
729:See also
478:meniscus
450:joints:
440:compound
218:shoulder
202:ossicles
4716:plantar
4693:plantar
4655:plantar
4632:plantar
4588:plantar
4565:plantar
4542:plantar
4523:Distal
4431:lateral
4354:medial:
4226:lateral
4216:menisci
4176:arcuate
4171:oblique
4150:Capsule
4118:capsule
4083:femoral
4065:of the
3746:Forearm
3635:Capsule
3517:of the
2918:capsule
2889:Medial
2868:Capsule
2850:of the
2797:Gingiva
2733:Facial:
2636:Sutures
2603:of the
2417:Flexion
2407:Motions
2394:Agonist
2247:Fibrous
2186:Adrenal
2176:Thyroid
2094:Scrotum
2071:Urethra
2066:Bladder
1975:Stomach
1898:Trachea
1834:Myeloid
1673:primary
1539:Sternum
1489:Patella
1464:Humerus
1455:(femur)
994:4565393
922:6512360
709:iungere
705:iunctus
682:History
444:complex
234:jawbone
222:sutures
125:D007596
79:Details
4773:Joints
4735:Arches
4660:dorsal
4637:dorsal
4593:dorsal
4570:dorsal
4547:dorsal
4435:medial
4221:medial
4059:Joints
3992:Palmar
3969:Palmar
3722:Anular
3616:conoid
3511:Joints
3374:Pelvis
3238:Thorax
2972:Joints
2844:Joints
2257:Suture
2233:Joints
2171:Pineal
2131:Vagina
2126:Uterus
2121:Female
2061:Ureter
2056:Kidney
2002:Rectum
1938:Tongue
1886:Larynx
1805:Breast
1777:Tissue
1695:Spleen
1683:Thymus
1638:Artery
1597:Tendon
1592:Muscle
1556:Joints
1534:Pelvis
1509:Tarsus
1499:Radius
1459:Fibula
1442:Carpus
1412:organs
1247:
1157:13 May
1148:
1001:
991:
983:
928:
920:
912:
871:
791:
701:joined
580:, and
480:(e.g.
436:simple
313:, and
216:, and
85:System
18:Joints
4616:Other
4001:Other
3913:thumb
3669:Elbow
2980:torso
2770:Mouth
2240:Types
2141:Ovary
2136:Vulva
2099:Penis
2021:Liver
1997:Colon
1948:Tooth
1928:Mouth
1893:Lower
1871:Upper
1748:Nerve
1738:Brain
1655:Heart
1514:Tibia
1504:Skull
926:S2CID
846:p.274
693:joint
226:skull
214:elbow
198:bones
186:joint
172:[
104:Latin
40:Joint
4337:Foot
4133:Knee
4061:and
3787:Hand
3513:and
2974:and
2846:and
2089:Male
2007:Anus
1908:Lung
1876:Nose
1824:and
1795:Skin
1643:Vein
1519:Ulna
1437:Bone
1410:and
1328:B.V.
1245:ISBN
1159:2023
1146:ISBN
1092:2013
1066:2013
999:PMID
981:ISSN
918:PMID
910:ISSN
869:ISBN
821:2013
789:ISBN
697:join
640:and
446:and
438:and
405:and
210:knee
192:(or
161:7490
149:1515
132:TA98
120:MeSH
70:, a
4075:Hip
3519:arm
3385:of
3029:Of
3005:Of
2978:of
2333:3°
2318:2°
2303:1°
1943:Lip
1765:Eye
1760:Ear
1524:Rib
1354:".
989:PMC
902:doi
476:or
188:or
156:FMA
144:TA2
4769::
3600::
3579::
3458::
1318:^
1302:.
1227:^
1140:.
1128:^
1100:^
1036:^
997:.
987:.
975:.
971:.
946:.
924:.
916:.
908:.
896:.
892:.
867:.
865:38
829:^
769:^
722:.
668:.
576:,
458:,
401:,
397:,
393:,
389:,
350:.
212:,
200:,
184:A
4433:/
4424:/
4099:)
4085:(
4051:e
4044:t
4037:v
3915::
3886:)
3877:(
3824:/
3815:/
3806:/
3618:)
3609:(
3503:e
3496:t
3489:v
3127:)
3123:(
3094:)
3085:(
2964:e
2957:t
2950:v
2931:)
2836:e
2829:t
2822:v
2593:e
2586:t
2579:v
2542:/
2492:/
2483:/
2469:/
2460:/
2446:/
2437:/
2428:/
2419:/
2396:/
2296::
2225:e
2218:t
2211:v
1400:e
1393:t
1386:v
1312:.
1288:.
1253:.
1161:.
1122:.
1094:.
1068:.
1030:.
1005:.
977:8
956:.
932:.
904::
898:9
877:.
823:.
797:.
484:)
469:)
462:)
409:.
176:]
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
