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862:. Eventually the outgunned Vietnamese ships were forced to withdraw. On 13 and 14 March, a PLAN artillery frigate was surveying the Johnson Reef when it spotted three Vietnamese ships approaching its location. Both sides dispatched troops to occupy Johnson Reef. After shots were fired by ground forces on the reef, the Chinese and Vietnamese ships opened fire on each other.
845:
Cheng Tun-jen and Tien Hung-mao, two
American professors, summarized the skirmish as follows: in late 1987, the PRC started deploying troops to some of the unoccupied reefs of the Spratly Islands. Soon after the PLA stormed the Johnson South Reef on 14 March 1988, a skirmish began between Vietnamese
620:
of the
Philippines – a high profile and highly disputed area. In January and February 1988, Vietnamese forces began establishing a military presence on additional reefs, including Collins Reef and Lansdowne Reef in the Union Banks, to monitor the Chinese activity around Fiery Cross Reef. This led to
853:
approached the Fiery Cross Reef to get construction material to build structures signifying
Vietnam's claim over the reef. However, the PLAN intercepted the ships and forced them away from the reef. On 17 February, a group of Chinese ships (a PLAN destroyer, escort, and transport ships) and several
811:
Commander Tran Duc Thong ordered Second
Lieutenant Tran Van Phuong and two men, Nguyen Van Tu and Nguyen Van Lanh, to rush to the reef in a small boat and protect the Vietnamese flag that had been planted there the previous day. The Chinese landed armed soldiers on the reef, and the PLAN frigates
832:
some
Vietnamese soldiers to death, but the Chinese were unable to capture the flag. The Chinese finally retreated enabling PLAN frigates to open fire on the reef's defenders. When all of the Vietnamese had been killed or wounded, the Chinese occupied the reef and began building a bunker. 64
578:(GLOSS), including one in the Spratly Islands. The IOC officially commissioned China to build the observation post in March 1987. China's delegate to the meeting spoke highly of GLOSS, but complained that a table in the agreement listed
827:
Vietnamese soldiers, most of them unarmed, formed a circle on the reef to protect the
Vietnamese flag. The Chinese attacked, and the Vietnamese soldiers resisted as best they could. A skirmish ensued in which the Chinese shot and
487:
475:
395:
849:
Koo Min Gyo, Assistant
Professor in the Department of Public Administration at Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, reported the battle's course was as follows: On 31 January 1988, two Vietnamese
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on its coasts in the East China Sea, and on the 'Nansha
Islands' (China's name for the Spratly Islands) in the South China Sea. The scientists were also unaware that Taiwan already occupied
1114:
1056:
731:. This included four ships, including three frigates, dispatched to the north-west of the Spratly Islands. The four ships then began provoking and harassing the Vietnamese ships around
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as their preferred location for the observation post, because the unoccupied reef was large enough to install the required equipment and remote from other occupied islands.
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between Brunei, China, Malaysia, the
Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. At the time of the incident, both China and Vietnam claimed ownership of the entire island group.
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1721:
1747:
1305:
89:
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1499:
598:, while China did not occupy any (despite its territorial claims). After performing surveys and patrols of the region, in April 1987 China selected
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1083:
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Accounts of the incident differ substantially between the participants, with both
Vietnam and China claiming that the other side initiated combat.
455:
443:
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678:(PLAN) sailor Du Xianghou, which led to fighting between the opposing forces on the reef. In response, Vietnamese forces, with naval transport
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Vietnamese soldiers had been killed in the battle according to Vietnamese reports. Vietnam also accused China of refusing to allow Vietnam's
223:
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235:
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on the reef. It was reported that PAVN Corporal Nguyen Van Lanh and PAVN Sub Lieutenant Tran Van Phuong argued over the flag raising with
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1334:
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492:
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17:
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574:. Scientists at the 14th congress of the IOC agreed that China would establish five observation posts for a worldwide ocean survey, the
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563:
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1438:
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2006:
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China moved quickly to consolidate its presence and by the end of 1988, it had occupied six reefs and atolls in the Spratly Islands.
406:
3612:
1226:", though within Taiwan and internationally the nation is commonly referred to as "Taiwan, Republic of China", or simply "Taiwan".
3582:
3577:
3482:
2905:
2637:
1712:
1677:
739:. Vietnam believed this battle group intended to create a reason to "occupy the Spratly Islands in a preventive counterstrike".
3607:
1335:"Một phần Trường Sa của Việt Nam bị Trung Quốc chiếm như thế nào? (bài 8) (How China took a part of Vietnam's Spratly Islands)"
1281:
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1561:
1207:
41:
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troops and PRC landing parties. Within a year, the PLA occupied and took over seven reefs and rocks in the Spratly Islands.
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1964:
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1970:
804:
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immediately hailed the Vietnamese and demanded they withdraw from the reef. Instead, the Vietnamese opened fire.
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On 2 September 1991, China released the nine Vietnamese prisoners taken during the Johnson South Reef skirmish.
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784:
694:
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sunken atoll, is located 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Fiery Cross Reef. Johnson South Reef is close to
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2625:
2339:
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1994:
1958:
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910:
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758:(Đá Cô Lin), and Lansdowne Reef (Đá Len Đao) in the Spratly Islands. On 14 March 1988, as the soldiers from
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1842:
298:
2125:
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1893:
1848:
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This list includes the names of all Spratly features known to be occupied and/or above water at low tide.
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642:
499:
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583:
460:
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transport ship was ordered to run aground on Collins reef to prevent the Chinese from taking it.
617:
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45:
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1824:
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915:
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1765:
1476:
778:
1416:
1236:
791:
774:
3399:
3358:
2474:
2024:
1446:
1194:. The Political Economy of the Asia Pacific. New York, NY: Springer New York. p. 154.
742:
In response, two transport ships from the Vietnamese Navy's 125th Naval Transport Brigade,
470:
807:). Displaces 1,925 tons, equipped with four 100 mm guns and eight 37 mm AA guns.
616:(also in the Union Banks) which was occupied by Vietnam, and within the 200-nautical-mile
8:
3429:
3251:
3198:
3105:
2584:
2459:
2374:
2000:
1806:
794:). Displaces 1,925 tons, equipped with four 100 mm guns and two 37 mm AA guns.
373:
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3168:
3136:
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3069:
2890:
2631:
2594:
2564:
2449:
2299:
2249:
2012:
1860:
763:
751:
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At approximately 07:30 on Johnson South Reef, Vietnamese troops attempted to erect the
658:
650:
605:
524:
427:
83:
3492:
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2855:
2157:
2119:
2018:
1771:
1741:
1720:
1600:
1223:
1203:
1046:
989:
850:
435:
1285:
3502:
3456:
3225:
3213:
3208:
3026:
2850:
2781:
2753:
2544:
2479:
2384:
2234:
1759:
1195:
777:). Displaces 1,400 tons, equipped with three 100 mm guns and eight 37 mm
599:
239:
207:
766:, the four Chinese ships arrived. The three Chinese frigates approached the reef:
3467:
3302:
3256:
3141:
3064:
2877:
2744:
2704:
2569:
2519:
2162:
2100:
1940:
893:
888:. However, the Philippines only made a political protest, since according to the
728:
671:
613:
552:
548:
536:
532:
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Honoring 64 martyrs who died for protecting the Johnson South Reef in 14-03-1988
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arrived at Lansdowne Reef and found that nine Vietnamese marines from transport
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2574:
2534:
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2414:
2409:
2364:
2334:
2304:
2229:
1946:
1733:
859:
1622:"China's Activities in Southeast Asia and the Implications for U.S. Interests"
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2830:
2809:
2720:
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2499:
2484:
2369:
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1982:
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1655:
The Impact of the Johnson South Reef Skirmish on the South China Sea Conflict
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The Impact of the Johnson South Reef Skirmish on the South China Sea Conflict
877:
104:
91:
1009:
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3193:
3126:
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2152:
755:
736:
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571:
1531:"Tưởng niệm 64 anh hùng liệt sĩ hy sinh bảo vệ đảo Gạc Ma ngày 14-3-1988 (
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1920:
885:
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In 1994, China had a similar confrontation by asserting its ownership of
855:
732:
609:
528:
59:
3163:
2974:
2524:
2354:
2294:
1914:
591:
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are a group of over 100 small islands, reefs and atolls located in the
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3230:
2957:
2771:
2489:
2259:
834:
3001:
2900:
2514:
2276:
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1500:"Vietnamese soldiers remember 1988 Spratlys battle against Chinese"
750:, were mobilized. They carried nearly 100 army officers and men to
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in a simultaneous three-pronged intrusion upon the disputed reefs.
2673:
2069:
2431:
2426:
1986:
1080:"Vietnam protesters denounce China on anniversary of navy battle"
829:
595:
520:
169:
53:
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as a country. The scientists working on GLOSS were unaware that
2401:
2396:
2196:
2191:
1793:
724:
579:
567:
2221:
2216:
2059:
Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China
1932:
1725:
1497:
720:
156:
1594:
1564:
Spratly Islands and Paracel Islands dispute: How to resolve?
1885:
1077:
570:
body which coordinates international study in the field of
515:
took place on 14 March 1988 between military forces of the
1469:"Jiangdong-class Frigate – People's Liberation Army Navy"
1192:
Island Disputes and Maritime Regime Building in East Asia
1142:"Deadly fight against Chinese for Gac Ma Reef remembered"
881:
403:
1562:"Tranh chấp Trường Sa – Hoàng Sa: Giải quyết cách nào? (
1528:
1439:"Jianghu-class frigates – People's Liberation Army Navy"
2054:
Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China
858:
and armed freighter) all attempted to land troops at
711:
was damaged heavily and finally sunk by the Chinese.
682:
in support, opened fire. PLAN forces and the frigate
837:
ship to recover bodies and rescue wounded soldiers.
590:. The IOC agreement stated that China would install
1104:
3598:Military history of the People's Republic of China
1010:"General Chen Weiwen recalls the Battle of Nansha"
584:China claims that Taiwan is not a separate country
488:Chengdu Military District rotation against Vietnam
476:Beijing Military District rotation against Vietnam
1107:"Lễ tưởng niệm 64 anh hùng liệt sĩ bảo vệ Gạc Ma"
940:"Learning from the Battle of the Spratly Islands"
657:heading toward Lansdowne Reef, and landing craft
588:the territorial disputes over the Spratly Islands
134:China establishes control over Johnson South Reef
3539:
2886:List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands
2643:List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands
1678:"Vietnamese Claims to the Truong Sa Archipelago"
1559:
1299:- Version dated 19 August 2011 is available at:
984:海南省地方志编纂委员会 (22 November 1993). "第三章第四节 自卫反击战".
1498:Mai Thanh Hai – Vu Ngoc Khanh (14 March 2016).
1002:
2914:
1071:
933:
931:
812:opened fire on the Vietnamese ships. Both the
2689:
2085:
1706:
1381:The immortal circle in the Johnson South Reef
637:According to China, on 13 March, the frigate
389:
344:6 killed, 18 wounded, 3 landing craft damaged
1597:The Security environment in the Asia-Pacific
2658:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
1778:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
1185:
1183:
983:
928:
686:counter-attacked at 08:47 hours. Transport
2696:
2682:
2092:
2078:
1713:
1699:
1572:. Công an Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh Magazine.
1529:H.QUÂN – V.TÌNH – X.HOÀI (14 March 2014).
1491:
1409:"Jiangnan – People's Liberation Army Navy"
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1098:
840:
564:Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
396:
382:
1599:. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe. p. 264.
1376:
1304:. www.southchinasea.org. 19 August 2011.
1274:
1229:
1038:
1222:Taiwan's official title is in fact the "
2906:List of airports in the Spratly Islands
2638:List of airports in the Spratly Islands
1682:Explorations in Southeast Asian Studies
1595:Cheng, Tun-jen; Tien, Hung-mao (2000).
1357:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1284:. www.southchinasea.org. Archived from
1237:"IOC. Assembly; 14th session; (Report)"
1160:
1129:
896:decided to avoid direct confrontation.
719:According to Vietnam, in January 1988,
27:1988 Chinese naval victory over Vietnam
14:
3540:
3430:Designation of the West Philippine Sea
1620:Cronin, Richard P. (4 February 2010).
1619:
1302:"Digital Gazetteer of Spratly Islands"
1282:"Digital Gazetteer of Spratly Islands"
1267:"South China Sea Treacherous Shoals",
762:were moving construction materials to
2677:
2073:
1694:
1379:""Vòng tròn bất tử" trên bãi Gạc Ma (
950:from the original on 21 November 2018
408:Sino-Vietnamese conflicts (1979–1991)
377:
1652:
1323:
714:
3395:Philippines and the Spratly Islands
2896:Royal Malaysian Navy Offshore Bases
2703:
2648:Philippines and the Spratly Islands
2099:
1672:The South China Sea Online Resource
1560:Từ Đặng Minh Thu (7 January 2008).
1189:
1078:Martin Petty; Simon Cameron-Moore.
24:
1576:from the original on 20 March 2014
1541:from the original on 20 March 2014
1510:from the original on 17 March 2016
1389:from the original on 20 March 2014
1345:from the original on 20 March 2014
1148:from the original on 26 March 2017
1144:. Thanh Nien News. 14 March 2013.
1117:from the original on 26 March 2017
1059:from the original on 18 April 2022
1020:from the original on 29 April 2016
977:
937:
632:
25:
3639:
2653:Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads
988:(in Chinese (China)). 北京: 方志出版社.
576:Global Sea Level Observing System
42:Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 1979–91
3563:China–Vietnam military relations
3520:
2425:
2395:
2320:
2270:
2215:
2190:
1308:from the original on 7 June 2014
1249:from the original on 2 June 2016
1086:from the original on 19 May 2017
968:
703:had already landed. The frigate
249:
229:
217:
197:
182:
162:
149:
52:
3613:Naval battles involving Vietnam
1665:
1646:
1613:
1588:
1553:
1522:
1461:
1431:
1401:
1261:
1216:
880:, which was inside the claimed
820:transport ships were sunk. The
3583:History of the Spratly Islands
3578:History of the South China Sea
3380:History of the Spratly Islands
1627:. www.uscc.gov. Archived from
1032:
962:
13:
1:
3618:People's Liberation Army Navy
3608:Naval battles involving China
3436:Hai Yang Shi You 981 standoff
3406:Battle of the Paracel Islands
2626:Free Territory of Freedomland
2115:Southwest Cay incident (1975)
1754:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
1570:Công an Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh
921:
911:Battle of the Paracel Islands
792:Jianghu-II class / Type 053H1
676:People's Liberation Army Navy
645:(PAVN) armed naval transport
542:
365:1 tank landing ship destroyed
62:, where the skirmish occurred
2580:Northeast Investigator Shoal
1676:Kelly, Todd C. (Fall 1999).
1653:Mark, Mark (4 August 2016).
1242:. 1 April 1987. p. 41.
938:Koh, Lean Collin; Tri, Ngo.
865:
727:to the southern part of the
693:At 09:15 hours, the frigate
621:a series of confrontations.
7:
3603:Military history of Vietnam
3418:Johnson South Reef skirmish
2126:Johnson South Reef Skirmish
2031:Johnson South Reef Skirmish
1894:Sino-Soviet border conflict
1849:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
1377:QUỐC VIỆT (14 March 1988).
1269:Far Eastern Economic Review
899:
805:Jiangdong class / Type 053K
723:sent a group of ships from
624:
513:Johnson South Reef skirmish
35:Johnson South Reef skirmish
18:Johnson South Reef Skirmish
10:
3644:
3558:20th-century naval battles
3424:Scarborough Shoal standoff
1867:Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
1726:People's Republic of China
1039:余克_，_耀斌主_ (January 2011).
1016:. 现代舰船. 22 December 2011.
596:one of the Spratly Islands
586:; nor did they know about
555:. They are the subject of
517:People's Republic of China
3593:March 1988 events in Asia
3515:
3472:Paracel Islands Airports
3445:
3367:
3334:
3311:
3295:
3265:
3244:
3186:
3114:
3078:
3047:
2925:
2876:
2843:
2818:
2790:
2752:
2743:
2711:
2613:
2557:
2423:
2393:
2318:
2268:
2213:
2188:
2181:
2135:
2107:
2046:
2007:Sino-Vietnamese conflicts
1980:
1930:
1903:
1883:
1876:
1787:
1732:
1200:10.1007/978-0-387-89670-0
1105:TRƯỜNG TRUNG – QUỐC NAM.
775:Jiangnan class / Type 065
690:was set ablaze and sunk.
417:
322:
265:
175:
142:
66:
51:
39:
34:
3483:Spratly Islands Airports
1959:Daulat Beg Oldi incident
1271:, 13 August 1992: p14-17
643:People's Army of Vietnam
3568:China–Vietnam relations
3390:Spratly Islands dispute
2621:Spratly Islands dispute
906:Spratly Islands dispute
890:Henry L. Stimson Center
841:Independent assessments
618:Economic Exclusion Zone
46:Spratly Islands dispute
3412:Southwest Cay incident
1971:Sino-Indian skirmishes
916:Naval history of China
176:Commanders and leaders
3154:Cornwallis South Reef
2470:Cornwallis South Reef
1748:Kuomintang insurgency
1190:Koo, Min Gyo (2010).
557:a territorial dispute
323:Casualties and losses
3400:Battle of Leyte Gulf
3375:Territorial disputes
3359:Tambelan Archipelago
2475:Discovery Great Reef
2025:Project Blue Sword-B
1965:Sino-Indian Standoff
1953:Sino-Indian skirmish
1479:on 14 September 2016
1449:on 14 September 2016
1419:on 14 September 2016
854:Vietnamese ships (a
471:Project Blue Sword-B
424:Shelling of Cao Bằng
3623:Third Indochina War
3252:Royal Captain Shoal
3199:Central London Reef
3106:Second Thomas Shoal
2901:Vietnamese DK1 rigs
2585:Royal Captain Shoal
2558:Unoccupied features
2460:Central London Reef
2375:Second Thomas Shoal
2001:Sino-Vietnamese War
1837:Yijiangshan Islands
1789:Cross-Taiwan Strait
1506:. Thanh Nien News.
362:2 transporters sunk
101: /
3336:Tudjuh Archipelago
3169:Investigator Shoal
3137:Johnson South Reef
3091:First Thomas Shoal
3070:Third Thomas Shoal
2891:Great Wall of Sand
2734:South Vereker Bank
2727:North Vereker Bank
2632:Great Wall of Sand
2595:Third Thomas Shoal
2565:First Thomas Shoal
2450:Barque Canada Reef
2300:Investigator Shoal
2250:Johnson South Reef
2013:Battle of Fakashan
1843:Dachen Archipelago
1799:(after 1 Oct 1949)
764:Johnson South Reef
752:Johnson South Reef
651:Johnson South Reef
606:Johnson South Reef
525:Johnson South Reef
500:Johnson South Reef
84:Johnson South Reef
3573:Conflicts in 1988
3535:
3534:
3527:Oceans portal
3291:
3290:
3182:
3181:
2933:North Danger Reef
2868:Scarborough Shoal
2856:Macclesfield Bank
2839:
2838:
2671:
2670:
2553:
2552:
2182:Occupied features
2158:North Danger Reef
2120:East Sea Campaign
2067:
2066:
2042:
2041:
2019:Battle of Laoshan
1800:
1772:Xinjiang conflict
1742:Chinese Civil War
1504:thanhniennews.com
1224:Republic of China
1209:978-0-387-89669-4
851:armed cargo ships
715:Vietnam's account
508:
507:
372:
371:
303:tank landing ship
138:
137:
105:9.717°N 114.283°E
16:(Redirected from
3635:
3525:
3524:
3457:Coconut Princess
3296:Southeastern SCS
3226:Fiery Cross Reef
3214:West London Reef
3209:East London Reef
3027:West York Island
2923:
2922:
2912:
2911:
2851:Zhongsha Islands
2844:Northeastern SCS
2754:Amphitrite Group
2750:
2749:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2614:Related articles
2545:West London Reef
2480:East London Reef
2430:
2429:
2400:
2399:
2385:West York Island
2325:
2324:
2275:
2274:
2235:Fiery Cross Reef
2220:
2219:
2195:
2194:
2186:
2185:
2143:Dangerous Ground
2094:
2087:
2080:
2071:
2070:
1881:
1880:
1798:
1766:Tibetan uprising
1760:Battle of Chamdo
1715:
1708:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1659:
1658:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1475:. Archived from
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1445:. Archived from
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1415:. Archived from
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1374:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1278:
1272:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1241:
1233:
1227:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1187:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1138:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1006:
1000:
999:
981:
975:
974:
966:
960:
959:
957:
955:
935:
600:Fiery Cross Reef
496:
484:
464:
452:
412:
411:
409:
398:
391:
384:
375:
374:
254:
253:
252:
244:
234:
233:
232:
222:
221:
220:
212:
202:
201:
200:
187:
186:
185:
168:
166:
165:
155:
153:
152:
116:
115:
113:
112:
111:
106:
102:
99:
98:
97:
94:
68:
67:
56:
32:
31:
21:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3628:Battles in 1988
3553:1988 in Vietnam
3538:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3519:
3511:
3441:
3363:
3349:Anambas Islands
3330:
3307:
3303:Palawan Passage
3287:
3261:
3257:Half Moon Shoal
3240:
3178:
3142:Sin Cowe Island
3110:
3074:
3065:Reed Tablemount
3043:
2917:
2910:
2878:Spratly Islands
2872:
2835:
2814:
2786:
2745:Paracel Islands
2739:
2707:
2705:South China Sea
2702:
2672:
2667:
2609:
2570:Half Moon Shoal
2549:
2520:Sin Cowe Island
2424:
2419:
2394:
2389:
2319:
2314:
2269:
2264:
2214:
2209:
2189:
2177:
2163:Reed Tablemount
2131:
2103:
2101:Spratly Islands
2098:
2068:
2063:
2038:
1995:Paracel Islands
1976:
1941:Sino-Indian War
1926:
1899:
1872:
1831:Dongshan Island
1797:
1791:
1783:
1728:
1722:Armed conflicts
1719:
1688:
1668:
1663:
1662:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1634:on 4 March 2012
1631:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1375:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1331:
1324:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1298:
1291:
1289:
1288:on 17 July 2007
1280:
1279:
1275:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1188:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1053:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1008:
1007:
1003:
996:
982:
978:
967:
963:
953:
951:
936:
929:
924:
902:
894:Philippine Navy
868:
843:
729:South China Sea
717:
672:Vietnamese flag
663:heading toward
649:heading toward
635:
633:China's account
627:
614:Sin Cowe Island
553:South China Sea
549:Spratly Islands
545:
537:South China Sea
533:Spratly Islands
509:
504:
490:
478:
458:
446:
413:
407:
405:
404:
402:
368:
347:
337:
318:
292:
261:
250:
248:
240:
230:
228:
218:
216:
208:
198:
196:
183:
181:
163:
161:
150:
148:
130:
124:Chinese victory
109:
107:
103:
100:
95:
92:
90:
88:
87:
86:
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3641:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3588:Indochina Wars
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3385:Nine-dash line
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3344:Natuna Islands
3340:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3326:Luconia Shoals
3323:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3236:Spratly Island
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3204:Cuarteron Reef
3201:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3174:Mariveles Reef
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3086:Commodore Reef
3082:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3060:Nanshan Island
3057:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3012:Zhongzhou Reef
3009:
3007:Taiping Island
3004:
2999:
2994:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2929:
2927:
2920:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2820:
2819:Other features
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2792:Crescent Group
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2663:Nine-dash line
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2575:Luconia Shoals
2572:
2567:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2535:Spratly Island
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2495:Lansdowne Reef
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2434:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2415:Zhongzhou Reef
2412:
2410:Taiping Island
2406:
2404:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2365:Nanshan Island
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2335:Commodore Reef
2331:
2329:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2305:Mariveles Reef
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2230:Cuarteron Reef
2226:
2224:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2108:Confrontations
2105:
2104:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2004:
1998:
1991:
1989:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1947:Chola incident
1944:
1937:
1935:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1911:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1855:Burmese border
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1803:
1801:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1775:
1774:(1980–present)
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1738:
1736:
1734:Mainland China
1730:
1729:
1724:involving the
1718:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1674:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1645:
1612:
1605:
1587:
1552:
1521:
1490:
1460:
1430:
1400:
1356:
1322:
1273:
1260:
1228:
1215:
1208:
1159:
1128:
1097:
1070:
1051:
1031:
1001:
994:
976:
961:
926:
925:
923:
920:
919:
918:
913:
908:
901:
898:
867:
864:
860:Cuarteron Reef
842:
839:
809:
808:
795:
782:
716:
713:
634:
631:
626:
623:
608:, part of the
544:
541:
531:region of the
506:
505:
503:
502:
497:
485:
473:
468:
465:
453:
441:
438:
433:
430:
425:
422:
418:
415:
414:
401:
400:
393:
386:
378:
370:
369:
367:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
350:
348:
346:
345:
341:
336:
335:
331:
325:
324:
320:
319:
317:
316:
310:
304:
295:
293:
291:
290:
284:
278:
271:
268:
267:
266:Units involved
263:
262:
260:
259:
246:
226:
214:
204:Trần Đức Thống
193:
191:
178:
177:
173:
172:
159:
145:
144:
140:
139:
136:
135:
132:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
110:9.717; 114.283
82:
80:
76:
75:
72:
64:
63:
49:
48:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3640:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:1988 in China
3546:
3545:
3543:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:Badas Islands
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:Bombay Castle
3219:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3149:Ardasier Reef
3147:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:Mischief Reef
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2997:Namyit Island
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2980:Loaita Island
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:Southwest Cay
2941:
2939:
2938:Northeast Cay
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2831:Triton Island
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2810:Yagong Island
2808:
2806:
2805:Robert Island
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2721:Pratas Island
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2713:Pratas Island
2710:
2706:
2699:
2694:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:Southwest Cay
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:Namyit Island
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2485:Grierson Reef
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:Bombay Castle
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:Northeast Cay
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:Loaita Island
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:Ardasier Reef
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:Mischief Reef
2253:
2251:
2248:
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2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1983:South Vietnam
1979:
1972:
1969:
1966:
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1954:
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1939:
1938:
1936:
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1877:International
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1850:
1847:
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1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1819:Hainan Island
1817:
1814:
1813:Dengbu Island
1811:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1779:
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1606:0-7656-0539-2
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1344:
1341:. Infornews.
1340:
1336:
1333:Hồng Chuyên.
1329:
1327:
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1054:
1052:9787510809699
1048:
1045:. 九州社 崧博出版社.
1044:
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879:
878:Mischief Reef
874:
871:
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838:
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831:
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457:
456:Operation M-2
454:
450:
445:
444:Operation M-1
442:
439:
437:
434:
431:
429:
426:
423:
421:Triton Island
420:
419:
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289:(531) frigate
288:
285:
283:(556) frigate
282:
279:
277:(502) frigate
276:
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147:
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133:
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114:
85:
81:
78:
77:
74:14 March 1988
73:
70:
69:
65:
61:
55:
50:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3498:Swallow Reef
3455:
3417:
3318:
3312:Southern SCS
3283:Swallow Reef
3194:London Reefs
3127:Collins Reef
3101:Sabina Shoal
3037:Western Reef
2953:Thitu Island
2949:Thitu Reefs
2861:Walker Shoal
2800:Money Island
2777:Woody Island
2762:Rocky Island
2732:
2725:
2605:Whitsun Reef
2600:Western Reef
2590:Sabina Shoal
2540:Tennent Reef
2505:Pearson Reef
2465:Collins Reef
2380:Thitu Island
2310:Swallow Reef
2153:London Reefs
2009:(1979–1991)
1825:Nanri Island
1687:
1681:
1666:Bibliography
1657:. p. 2.
1654:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1629:the original
1615:
1596:
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1569:
1563:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1532:
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1503:
1493:
1481:. Retrieved
1477:the original
1472:
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1447:the original
1442:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1417:the original
1412:
1403:
1391:. Retrieved
1385:. Tuổi Trẻ.
1380:
1347:. Retrieved
1338:
1317:
1310:. Retrieved
1290:. Retrieved
1286:the original
1276:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1231:
1218:
1191:
1150:. Retrieved
1119:. Retrieved
1110:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1073:
1063:20 September
1061:. Retrieved
1041:
1034:
1022:. Retrieved
1013:
1004:
985:
979:
970:
969:Mark, Mark.
964:
952:. Retrieved
944:The Diplomat
943:
875:
872:
869:
848:
844:
826:
821:
817:
813:
810:
798:
785:
770:
759:
756:Collins Reef
747:
743:
741:
737:London Reefs
718:
708:
704:
700:
695:
692:
687:
683:
679:
669:
665:Collins Reef
659:
654:
653:, transport
646:
638:
636:
628:
604:
572:oceanography
561:
546:
512:
510:
339:Per Vietnam:
338:
328:
312:
306:
299:
286:
280:
274:
241:
209:
143:Belligerents
40:Part of the
29:
3320:James Shoal
3278:Louisa Reef
3273:Amboyna Cay
3159:Dallas Reef
3132:Hughes Reef
3122:Union Banks
3055:Flat Island
3022:Irving Reef
2992:Gaven Reefs
2987:Tizard Bank
2970:Lankiam Cay
2965:Loaita Bank
2826:Bombay Reef
2767:Tree Island
2510:Petley Reef
2445:Amboyna Cay
2440:Alison Reef
2350:Lankiam Cay
2345:Irving Reef
2340:Flat Island
2327:Philippines
2290:Dallas Reef
2245:Hughes Reef
2240:Gaven Reefs
2205:Louisa Reef
2173:Union Banks
2168:Tizard Bank
2148:Loaita Bank
1973:(2020-2021)
1955:(1986-1987)
1923:(1965–1973)
1921:Vietnam War
1917:(1950–1953)
1756:(1950–1958)
1750:(1949–1961)
1537:. Vietbao.
1082:. Reuters.
1042:_共_党_系90年__
1014:news.qq.com
954:20 November
886:Philippines
856:minesweeper
733:Tizard Bank
610:Union Banks
592:tide gauges
566:(IOC) is a
529:Union Banks
491: [
479: [
459: [
447: [
224:Le Lenh Son
189:Chen Weiwen
129:Territorial
108: /
60:Union Banks
58:Map of the
3542:Categories
3493:Spratly Is
3164:Erica Reef
2975:Loaita Cay
2525:South Reef
2355:Loaita Cay
2295:Erica Reef
1915:Korean War
1908:and allies
1292:8 February
922:References
543:Background
440:Zheyinshan
432:Koulinshan
359:9 captured
356:11 wounded
329:Per China:
236:Vu Phi Tru
3468:Pratas Is
3464:Airports
3446:Transport
3231:Ladd Reef
2958:Subi Reef
2916:Dangerous
2782:Qilian Yu
2772:West Sand
2490:Ladd Reef
2260:Subi Reef
1869:(1995–96)
1857:(1960–61)
1807:Kuningtou
1744:(1927–50)
1684:. Vol. 3.
866:Aftermath
835:Red Cross
830:bayoneted
641:detected
535:, in the
523:, on the
467:Phony war
353:64 killed
334:1 wounded
315:transport
309:transport
256:Vu Huy Le
3503:Thitu Is
3476:Woody Is
3002:Sand Cay
2515:Sand Cay
2277:Malaysia
2047:See also
1861:Dong-Yin
1638:15 April
1580:19 March
1574:Archived
1545:19 March
1539:Archived
1514:19 March
1508:Archived
1393:19 March
1387:Archived
1349:19 March
1343:Archived
1339:infornet
1306:Archived
1244:Archived
1146:Archived
1115:Archived
1111:Tuổi Trẻ
1084:Archived
1057:Archived
1024:29 March
1018:Archived
948:Archived
900:See also
786:Xiangtan
771:Nanchong
735:and the
705:Xiangtan
696:Xiangtan
684:Nanchong
639:Nanchong
625:Incident
428:Fakashan
281:Xiangtan
275:Nanchong
96:114°17′E
79:Location
44:and the
3488:Itu Aba
3368:History
2432:Vietnam
2136:Regions
1987:Vietnam
1483:31 July
1473:fas.org
1453:31 July
1443:fas.org
1423:31 July
1413:fas.org
884:of the
799:Yingtan
779:AA guns
773:(502) (
527:in the
521:Vietnam
436:Laoshan
287:Yingtan
242:†
210:†
170:Vietnam
131:changes
3452:Ships
3438:(2014)
3432:(2012)
3426:(2012)
3420:(1988)
3414:(1975)
3408:(1974)
3402:(1944)
2918:Ground
2402:Taiwan
2197:Brunei
2128:(1988)
2122:(1975)
2033:(1988)
2027:(1986)
2021:(1984)
2015:(1981)
2003:(1979)
1997:(1974)
1967:(2017)
1961:(2013)
1949:(1967)
1943:(1962)
1896:(1969)
1863:(1965)
1851:(1958)
1845:(1955)
1839:(1955)
1833:(1953)
1827:(1952)
1821:(1950)
1815:(1949)
1809:(1949)
1794:Taiwan
1780:(1989)
1768:(1959)
1762:(1950)
1603:
1312:5 June
1253:11 May
1206:
1090:2 July
1049:
992:
892:, the
822:HQ-505
818:HQ-605
814:HQ-604
760:HQ-604
748:HQ-505
744:HQ-604
725:Hainan
709:HQ-605
701:HQ-605
688:HQ-604
680:HQ-604
660:HQ-505
655:HQ-605
647:HQ-604
580:Taiwan
568:UNESCO
313:HQ-605
307:HQ-604
300:HQ-505
238:
206:
167:
154:
121:Result
93:9°43′N
3266:South
2222:China
1933:India
1632:(PDF)
1625:(PDF)
1247:(PDF)
1240:(PDF)
1152:6 May
1121:7 May
986:海南省省志
801:(531)
788:(556)
721:China
495:]
483:]
463:]
451:]
157:China
3245:East
3187:West
3033:WNW
3018:NNW
1886:USSR
1792:(vs
1640:2010
1601:ISBN
1582:2014
1547:2014
1516:2014
1485:2016
1455:2016
1425:2016
1395:2014
1351:2014
1314:2014
1294:2008
1255:2016
1204:ISBN
1154:2016
1123:2016
1092:2017
1065:2021
1047:ISBN
1026:2021
990:ISBN
956:2018
816:and
746:and
562:The
547:The
519:and
511:The
258:, CO
71:Date
1981:vs
1931:vs
1904:vs
1884:vs
1196:doi
882:EEZ
3544::
3115:SW
3079:SE
3048:NE
2926:NW
1796:)
1680:.
1568:.
1566:)"
1535:)"
1502:.
1471:.
1441:.
1411:.
1383:)"
1359:^
1337:.
1325:^
1316:.
1202:.
1162:^
1131:^
1113:.
1109:.
1055:.
1012:.
946:.
942:.
930:^
539:.
493:zh
481:zh
461:zh
449:zh
2697:e
2690:t
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2634:"
2630:"
2093:e
2086:t
2079:v
1985:/
1714:e
1707:t
1700:v
1642:.
1609:.
1584:.
1549:.
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1212:.
1198::
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998:.
973:.
958:.
803:(
790:(
781:.
397:e
390:t
383:v
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
