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United
Daughters of the Confederacy of Cincinnati. Johnson's Island had one of the lowest mortality rates of any Civil War prison. Confederates made many escape attempts, including efforts by some to walk across the frozen Lake Erie to freedom in Canada, but only a handful of escapes were successful.
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Over 15,000 men passed through
Johnson's Island until it was closed in September 1865. About 200 prisoners died due to the harsh Ohio winters, food and fuel shortages, and disease. Two hundred six were buried in the Confederate Cemetery located on the island. The cemetery was purchased in 1908 by the
533:
In late 1861, U.S. officials selected
Johnson's Island as the site for a prison camp to hold up to 2,500 captured Confederate officers. The island offered easy access by ship for supplies to construct and maintain a prison and its population. Sandusky Bay offered more protection from the elements
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was formed in 2001 to help preserve, interpret, and research the
Johnson's Island Prison site. In conjunction with Heidelberg University, the Friends have sponsored educational and research programming at this National Historic Landmark.
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The island was named after L. B. Johnson, the owner of the island beginning about 1852. It was initially named 'Bull's Island' by its first owner, Epaphras W. Bull, around 1809 (later misspelled "Epaproditus" Bull, by local-historians).
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and a mass breakout of prisoners, Forts
Johnson and Hill were constructed over the winter of 1864–65. In the war's final months, the forts became operational in March 1865, when the prisoner population peaked at 3,200.
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and fuel. The U.S. government leased half the island from private owner
Leonard B. Johnson for $ 500 a year and carefully controlled access to the island for the duration of the war.
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prison camp exclusively for
Confederate officers but eventually it held privates, political prisoners, persons sentenced to court martial and spies. Civilians who were arrested as
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561:'s stand, three wells, a pest house, and two large mess halls (added in August 1864). More than 40 buildings stood outside the prison walls, including
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Britten, Christopher (Spring 2010). "Cooped Up and
Powerless When My Home Is Invaded: Southern Prisoners at Johnson's Island in Their Own Words".
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886:. File Unit: National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks Program Records: Ohio, 1964 - 2013. National Archives Catalog
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was built to connect it with the mainland. The
Confederate cemetery and Fort Hill are accessible to the public. Ground-penetrating
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National
Register of Historic Places – Nomination Form for Johnson's Island Civil War Prison and Fort Site
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than other nearby islands, which were also closer to Canada in case of a prison break. Woods of
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After the war, the prison camp was abandoned. Most of the buildings were auctioned off by the
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The 16.5-acre (6.7 ha) prison opened in April 1862. A 15-foot-high (5 m) wooden
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U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Confederate Stockade Cemetery
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After the unraveling of a Confederate espionage ring that had conspired to seize the
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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Confederate Stockade Cemetery, Johnson's Island, Sandusky, Erie County, OH
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studies have proved that several graves lie outside the cemetery fence.
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Temporary populated places on the National Register of Historic Places
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2191:
List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
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Several well-known Confederates were imprisoned on Johnson's Island.
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History of Ottawa County (Ohio) 175 years; Patty O'Keeffe, 2016
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Friends and Descendants of Johnson's Island Civil War Prison
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National Register of Historic Places in Ottawa County, Ohio
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Johnson's Island Confederate Civil War Prison Cemetery
748:(1838–1922), Confederate soldier, guerilla militant.
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Union soldiers, Confederate officer prisoners of war
1793:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1046:
Smithsonian Institution Research Information System
880:Department of the Interior, National Park Service.
58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1234:
1096:. Louisiana Historical Association. Archived from
1824:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
2238:
2216:National Register of Historic Places portal
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282:Johnson Island Civil War Prison and Fort Site
141:Johnson Island Civil War Prison and Fort Site
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2257:Historic American Landscapes Survey in Ohio
1200:Johnson's Island Prison Collector Community
1123:Friends and Descendants of Johnson's Island
625:In 1990, Johnson's Island was designated a
502:. Initially, Johnson's Island was the only
1755:
1741:
1456:
1442:
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1213:
1031:Sandusky Daily Star (newsp.) July 14, 1901
169:
1764:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
963:"Johnson's Island - Ohio History Central"
483:, 3 miles (4.8 km) from the city of
149:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
2292:Confederate States of America cemeteries
942:. Akron, OH: Atlantic Press. p. 66.
520:
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935:
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816:"National Register Information System"
475:is a 300-acre (120 ha) island in
1736:
1463:
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1306:First Confederate incursion into Ohio
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1191:Johnson's Island Confederate Cemetery
1134:Johnson's Island Preservation Society
367:, Ottawa County, Ohio, United States
850:
821:National Register of Historic Places
760:(1843–1924), Confederate lieutenant.
244:, Ottawa County, Ohio, United States
56:adding citations to reliable sources
27:
16:Historic site in Ottawa County, Ohio
2262:National Historic Landmarks in Ohio
1145:Historic American Landscapes Survey
1052:from the original on March 1, 2019.
808:
13:
2179:National Historic Preservation Act
1140:Roy Swartz's Johnson's Island Page
1136:– includes Johnson's Island Museum
766:(1812-1869), Confederate colonel,
656:
528:
14:
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1128:Johnson's Island Memorial Project
1116:
1094:Dictionary of Louisiana Biography
1068:Johnson's Island Civil War Prison
839:Johnson's Island Civil War Prison
754:(1830–1900), Confederate colonel.
598:
553:surrounded 12 two-story prisoner
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1497:
1090:"N - Nash, Christopher Columbus"
936:Overman, William Daniel (1958).
373:
306:Hoffman, Col. William H.; Et al.
218:
211:
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175:The cemetery at Johnson's Island
32:
2247:American Civil War prison camps
1397:Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument
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781:American Civil War prison camps
356:American Civil War prison camps
158:U.S. National Historic Landmark
43:needs additional citations for
21:Johnson Island (disambiguation)
2267:Islands of Ottawa County, Ohio
2132:Federated States of Micronesia
1778:Architectural style categories
1236:Ohio in the American Civil War
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312:
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740:Confederate brigadier general
700:Confederate brigadier general
690:Confederate brigadier general
680:Confederate brigadier general
227:Show map of the United States
2277:Islands of Lake Erie in Ohio
1301:Knights of the Golden Circle
768:1st Florida Cavalry Regiment
575:128th Ohio Infantry Regiment
130:United States historic place
7:
2282:1862 establishments in Ohio
1342:Battle of Buffington Island
1316:Black Brigade of Cincinnati
859:"Johnson's Island POW Camp"
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10:
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2184:Historic Preservation Fund
2163:American Legation, Morocco
1042:"The Lookout, (Sculpture)"
856:
706:Edward "Allegheny" Johnson
627:National Historic Landmark
479:, located on the coast of
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1280:Johnson's Island POW camp
1250:Early military recruiting
1242:
1176:41.5006455°N 82.7299582°W
844:October 29, 2011, at the
796:Camp Chase, Columbus Ohio
746:Christopher Columbus Nash
730:Confederate major general
710:Confederate major general
670:Confederate major general
645:digs at the prison site.
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2106:Northern Mariana Islands
1007:"Shaft to War Prisoners"
791:Davids Island (New York)
764:William Tennent Stockton
557:, a hospital, latrines,
379:Johnson's Island Prison
2252:Defunct prisons in Ohio
1681:Turtle Island (MI / OH)
1489:Turtle Island (MI / OH)
1181:41.5006455; -82.7299582
1147:(HALS) No. OH-1, "
1070:. Heidelberg University
487:. It was the site of a
349:Johnson's Island Prison
2101:Minor Outlying Islands
2084:Lists by insular areas
1798:Keeper of the Register
1275:Department of the Ohio
967:ohiohistorycentral.org
758:James Steptoe Johnston
525:
1803:National Park Service
1783:Contributing property
1534:Little Chicken Island
1418:Generals and Admirals
1378:Buckeye POWs and the
1368:Cincinnati in the War
1347:Battle of Salineville
1311:Defense of Cincinnati
1011:Alliance Daily Review
826:National Park Service
639:Heidelberg University
524:
2158:District of Columbia
1554:North Harbour Island
1544:Middle Sister Island
1373:Cleveland in the War
786:Prisoner of war mail
736:William Lewis Cabell
720:Missouri State Guard
542:trees could provide
498:captured during the
489:prisoner-of-war camp
458:Garrison information
52:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
1641:Lost Ballast Island
1172: /
989:Ohio Valley History
828:. January 23, 2007.
752:John Marshall Stone
696:Thomas Benton Smith
337:Designated NHL
271:41.4963°N 82.7346°W
266: /
1686:West Sister Island
1661:Rattlesnake Island
1646:Middle Bass Island
1524:East Sister Island
1514:Big Chicken Island
722:brigadier general.
605:United States Army
526:
500:American Civil War
452:American Civil War
417:Controlled by
363:Johnson's Island,
240:Johnson's Island,
67:"Johnson's Island"
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1788:Historic district
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1666:South Bass Island
1656:North Bass Island
1465:Lake Erie Islands
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1296:Anti-war movement
726:John S. Marmaduke
610:On June 8, 1910,
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396:Union Prison Camp
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324:Significant dates
276:41.4963; -82.7346
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666:Isaac R. Trimble
641:conducts yearly
555:housing barracks
473:Johnson's Island
401:Site information
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411:U.S. Government
409:L. B. Johnson,
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1817:Lists by state
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1117:External links
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1064:"Field School"
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1013:. June 8, 1910
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738:(1827–1911),
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728:(1833–1887),
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718:(1826–1876),
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711:
708:(1816–1873),
707:
704:
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698:(1838–1923),
697:
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691:
688:(1825–1883),
687:
686:William Beall
684:
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612:Moses Ezekiel
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69: –
68:
64:
63:Find sources:
57:
53:
47:
46:
41:This article
39:
35:
30:
29:
26:
22:
2030:South Dakota
2020:Rhode Island
2015:Pennsylvania
1995:North Dakota
1720:
1702:
1695:Pennsylvania
1676:Sugar Island
1651:Mouse Island
1628:
1623:
1617:
1612:Green Island
1599:
1559:Pelee Island
1519:Chick Island
1379:
1279:
1195:Find a Grave
1130:Broken Link.
1104:December 16,
1102:. Retrieved
1098:the original
1093:
1084:
1072:. Retrieved
1067:
1058:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
1010:
1001:
992:
988:
982:
970:. Retrieved
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888:. Retrieved
882:
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863:. Retrieved
852:
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615:
609:
602:
593:
585:
584:warship USS
579:
548:
532:
516:
512:bushwhackers
477:Sandusky Bay
472:
471:
448:Battles/wars
427:Site history
114:
105:
95:
88:
81:
74:
62:
50:Please help
45:verification
42:
25:
2151:Other areas
2111:Puerto Rico
1945:Mississippi
1860:Connecticut
1721:Bird Island
1618:Gull Island
1574:Snow Island
1479:Gard Island
1270:Camp Thomas
1179: /
995:(1): 53–72.
620:the Lookout
582:Great Lakes
493:Confederate
432:In use
274: /
249:Coordinates
2241:Categories
2060:Washington
1980:New Mexico
1975:New Jersey
1850:California
1529:Hen Island
1255:Camp Chase
1167:82°43′48″W
1164:41°30′02″N
1017:October 6,
972:October 4,
802:References
643:archeology
614:'s statue
508:guerrillas
440:Demolished
421:Union Army
365:Marblehead
280: (
261:82°44′05″W
258:41°29′47″N
242:Marblehead
108:April 2014
78:newspapers
2070:Wisconsin
2035:Tennessee
1940:Minnesota
1915:Louisiana
1406:Personnel
910:ignored (
900:cite book
481:Lake Erie
463:Occupants
435:1862–1865
303:Architect
2226:Category
2055:Virginia
2005:Oklahoma
1985:New York
1960:Nebraska
1950:Missouri
1935:Michigan
1925:Maryland
1910:Kentucky
1890:Illinois
1865:Delaware
1855:Colorado
1845:Arkansas
1713:New York
1472:Michigan
1390:Post-war
1050:Archived
842:Archived
775:See also
631:causeway
616:Southern
587:Michigan
567:limekiln
551:stockade
496:officers
385:stockade
381:barracks
354:Part of
318:75001514
237:Location
2172:Related
2075:Wyoming
2050:Vermont
1955:Montana
1895:Indiana
1875:Georgia
1870:Florida
1840:Arizona
1830:Alabama
1507:Ontario
1380:Sultana
1356:1864–65
1157:
1074:May 15,
861:. MHUGL
536:hickory
387:in 1865
92:scholar
2010:Oregon
1965:Nevada
1905:Kansas
1880:Hawaii
1835:Alaska
1771:Topics
559:sutler
544:lumber
94:
87:
80:
73:
65:
2142:Palau
2040:Texas
1920:Maine
1885:Idaho
1413:Units
635:radar
571:forts
563:barns
510:, or
504:Union
406:Owner
295:Built
99:JSTOR
85:books
2096:Guam
2045:Utah
2000:Ohio
1900:Iowa
1583:Ohio
1325:1863
1289:1862
1243:1861
1106:2010
1076:2014
1019:2021
974:2021
912:help
892:2017
867:2017
648:The
629:. A
618:(or
538:and
491:for
443:1865
393:Type
298:1862
71:news
1193:at
540:oak
313:No.
54:by
2243::
1092:.
1066:.
1048:.
1044:.
1009:.
993:10
991:.
965:.
904::
902:}}
898:{{
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818:.
569:,
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682:.
672:.
284:)
121:)
115:(
110:)
106:(
96:·
89:·
82:·
75:·
48:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
