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687:'s law school; this was the first black law school in the country. Appointed acting president of the school in 1872, and vice president of the school, Langston worked to establish strong academic standards. He also engendered the kind of open environment he had known at Oberlin College. Langston was passed over for the permanent position of president of
504:, where they were the first African-American students to be admitted. Gideon looked much like his father; at the age of 21 Gideon took Quarles as his surname and thereafter was known as Gideon Quarles. During this time, young John Mercer Langston lived in Cincinnati, part of that time with John Woodson and his wife. He also attended the private
653:, in addition to 800 for Ohio's first black regiment. Even before the end of the war, Langston worked for issues of black suffrage and opportunity. He believed that black men's service in the war had earned their right to vote, and that the franchise was fundamental to their creating an equal place in society.
483:
Lucy had three children with another partner before she moved into the Great House and deepened her relationship with
Quarles. Their three sons were born after this. Of the older half-siblings, William Langston was most involved with Quarles's sons. After their father's death, he relocated with them
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era of the last decade of the nineteenth century. Two men were elected from South
Carolina and two from North Carolina. After them, no African Americans would be elected to Congress from the South until 1972, after passage of the Voting Rights Act to enforce the exercise of constitutional franchise
816:. After 18 months, the Congressional elections committee declared Langston the winner, and he took his seat in the U.S. Congress. He served for the remaining six months of the term, but lost his bid for reelection as conservative white Democrats had regained political control of Virginia.
672:(NAACP) founded in the early 20th century, the League was based in state and local organizations. Langston traveled widely to build support. "By war's end, nine state auxiliaries had been established; some twenty months later, Langston could boast of state leagues nearly everywhere."
479:
from
England and her former master. Quarles had freed Lucy and their daughter Maria in 1806, in the course of what was a relationship of more than 25 years. After that, their three sons were born free, as their mother was free. John's older brothers were Gideon and Charles Henry.
663:
In 1864 Langston chaired the committee whose agenda was ratified by the black
National Convention: they called for abolition of slavery, support of racial unity and self-help, and equality before the law. To accomplish this program, the convention founded the
1239:. Peter H. Clark and John Langston became lifelong friends and political collaborators. Sarah Jane Woodson, like Langston, graduated from Oberlin College before the Civil War. Langston's brother Gideon married Peter H. Clark's older sister. Nikki Taylor,
850:
He died at his home, Hillside
Cottage at 2225 Fourth Street NW in Washington, DC, on the morning of November 15. He was first buried at Harmony Cemetery in Maryland. Although there was discussion of reinterring him in Nashville, he was reinterred at
944:
at 33 P Street NW in
Washington, D.C. was named in his honor. It opened in 1902 as a school for black students and operated until 1993. In 1997 the building served as a homeless shelter, but it has mostly been vacant since the school closed.
660:, a Federal organization that assisted freed slaves and tried to oversee labor contracts in the former Confederate states during the Reconstruction era. The Bureau also ran a bank and helped establish schools for freedmen and their children.
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412:
era of the later 19th century, Langston was one of five
African Americans elected to Congress from the South before the former Confederate states passed constitutions and electoral rules from 1890 to 1908 that essentially
495:
friend
William Gooch to be made guardian of his children. As requested by Quarles, after the parents both died in 1833 when John Langston was four, Gooch moved with the boys and their half-brother William Langston to
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614:
Together with his older brothers Gideon and
Charles, John Langston became active in the abolitionist movement. He helped refugee slaves to escape to the North along the Ohio part of the
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907:
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in New York and Ohio because of his race, one school told him that "Students would not feel at home with him, and he would not feel at home with them." Langston would study law (or "
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1988:
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The youngest
Langston followed his brothers, enrolling in the Oberlin preparatory program. John Langston earned a bachelor's degree in 1849 and a master's degree in
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2018:
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elected to public office when elected as a town clerk in Ohio. The brothers were the grandfather and great-uncle, respectively, of the renowned
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1976:
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843:, when it was incorporated by the Virginia General Assembly. In this period, he also wrote his autobiography, which he published in 1894.
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Langston was the first black person elected to Congress from Virginia, and he was the last for another century. In a period of increasing
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1808:
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590:, to set up his law practice before marriage. There he also became a successful businessman and politician. He was appointed in 1911 as
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820:
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blacks, excluding them from politics. After that, no African Americans would be elected from the South until 1973, after the federal
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500:, in a free state. Quarles had reserved funds for the boys' education. In 1835 the older brothers Gideon and Charles started at the
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1920:
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From the Virginia Plantation to the National Capitol; Or, the First and Only Negro Representative in Congress From the Old Dominion
956:, previously named Lee Highway, after John M. Langston. An elementary and community center on U.S. Route 29 already bear his name.
369:
From the Virginia Plantation to the National Capitol; Or, the First and Only Negro Representative in Congress From the Old Dominion
68:
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household and educated. An intellectual partner of Langston, Caroline had five children with him, one of whom died in childhood.
331:
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2011:
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586:, who had graduated from Oberlin College. She later became an important activist. After law school, Napier had returned to
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When Langston was serving as dean of Howard University's Law School, which he developed (see below), he and his family met
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402:
622:, with John acting as president and traveling to organize local units, and Charles managing as executive secretary in
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2004:
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567:, she was the daughter of an enslaved mother and Colonel Stephen Wall, a wealthy white planter. Wall freed his
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2628:
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1560:"The Negroes' Temporary Farewell: Jim Crow and the Exclusion of African Americans from Congress, 1887–1929"
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in the town, founded in 1897 as the Oklahoma Colored Agricultural and Normal University, was renamed
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1907:
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418:
360:
93:
1740:
William Cheek, "A Negro Runs for Congress: John Mercer Langston and the Virginia Campaign of 1888",
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John Langston (number 12) with the Oberlin–Wellington rescuers, in front of the Cuyahoga County jail
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1452:
Heroes of the American Reconstruction: Profiles of Sixteen Educators, Politicians and Activists
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801:, which had held political power in Virginia from 1879 to 1883, did not support his candidacy.
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as his legal counsel, contested the results of the election because of voter intimidation and
563:
In 1854 Langston married Caroline Matilda Wall, at the time a senior at Oberlin College. From
382:
of mixed ethnicity and a white English immigrant planter, in 1888 Langston was elected to the
355:, educator, activist, diplomat, and politician. He was the founding dean of the law school at
3013:
2988:
2861:
2098:
1489:
1450:
923:
551:—the first Black— in 1854. In Ohio, Langston was closely associated with abolitionist lawyer
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of blacks in the South, he was one of five African Americans elected to Congress during the
401:, the black Republican congressman from South Carolina, had been elected in 1870 during the
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8:
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2252:
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1527:
Carle, Susan D. (October 31, 2013). "The Afro-American Council's Legal Work, 1898–1908".
1421:, Representative, 1890–1891, Republican from Virginia, Black Americans in Congress series
901:
595:
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189:
161:
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979:
786:. (It is now Virginia State University.) There he also began to build a political base.
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Langston was the great-uncle of the poet James Mercer Langston Hughes (better known as
779:
760:
432:, he began his lifelong work for African-American freedom, education, equal rights and
519:. He is the first known Black to apply to an American law school. Denied admission to
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1996:
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1303:
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832:
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356:
197:
193:
135:
43:
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Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia
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was passed authorizing the enforcement of their constitutional franchise rights.
319:
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926:. Future leaders who attended this school included professional football player
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daughters Sara and Caroline, and sent them to Ohio to be raised in an affluent
564:
540:
1727:
Black Poets of the United States: From Paul Laurence Dunbar to Langston Hughes
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1930:
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105:
1157:
Pocahontas's People: The Powhatan Indians of Virginia Through Four Centuries
359:
and helped create the department. He was the first president of what is now
2583:
2423:
2313:
2295:
2231:
2181:
809:
544:
2413:
1749:
W. Cheek, "John Mercer Langston: Black Protest Leader and Abolitionist",
910:
in Johnson City, Tennessee, established in 1893, was named for Langston.
524:
990:
Freedom and Citizenship: Selected Lectures of Hon. John Mercer Langston
927:
694:
642:
568:
528:
520:
375:
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African-American members of the United States House of Representatives
770:. He was appointed by the state legislature as the first president of
766:
After his diplomatic service, in 1885 Langston returned to the US and
598:'s administration and was one of four members of his "Black Cabinet".
2775:
668:
and elected Langston president. He served until 1868. Like the later
548:
459:, the youngest of a daughter and three sons of Lucy Jane Langston, a
1529:
Defining the Struggle: National Racial Justice Organizing, 1880-1915
1205:"Charles Henry Langston and the African American Struggle in Kansas"
1129:"John Mercer Langston; Continue the Legacy & Advance the Vision"
1768: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
824:
767:
512:
472:
460:
433:
409:
394:
379:
63:
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1844:
Langston High School Continuation Program in Arlington, Virginia
656:
After the war, Langston was appointed inspector general for the
2673:
896:, founded in 1890 as an all-black town, was named for him. The
724:
passed the bill in February 1875 and it was signed into law by
572:
532:
492:
367:. He was elected a U.S. Representative from Virginia and wrote
352:
1004:
African-American officeholders in the United States, 1789–1866
633:
In 1863, when the federal government approved founding of the
1720:
John Mercer Langston and the Fight for Black Freedom, 1829-65
813:
738:
appointed Langston as a member of the Board of Health of the
1168:
Quarles was the descendant of the 17th-century English poet
716:
with drafting the civil rights bill that was enacted as the
1235:. John Woodson was married to Eveline Clark, a relative of
441:
436:. In 1855 he was one of the first African Americans in the
425:
2974:
Ambassadors of the United States to the Dominican Republic
2964:
African-American politicians during the Reconstruction Era
691:; the selection committee refused to disclose the reason.
670:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
1977:
United States Minister Resident to the Dominican Republic
1722:. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1989.
1184:
No Taint of Compromise: Crusaders in Antislavery Politics
1159:. Vol. 196. University of Oklahoma Press, 1990. pp173-174
113:
United States Minister Resident to the Dominican Republic
347:(December 14, 1829 – November 15, 1897) was an American
1375:
1373:
1295:
Emancipation: The Making of the Black Lawyer, 1844-1944
846:
From 1891 until his death in 1897, he practiced law in
2026:
1019:
List of African-American United States representatives
1101:
Lift Every Voice: African American Oratory, 1787-1900
992:. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing Company. 2007 .
789:
In 1888, Langston was urged to run for a seat in the
471:
descent. She may have had ancestry from the regional
1791:. Vol. III. New York: D. Appleton. p. 612.
1370:
1840:
including youthful photograph, AfricanAmericans.com
67:
2391:Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from
1099:Foner, Philip Sheldon; Branham, Robert J. (1997).
618:. In 1858 he and Charles partnered in leading the
1657:"Tracing Langston High School's 100-year history"
1068:, University of Illinois, 1991, pp. 110-114, 118.
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
582:, a student there. Napier married their daughter
491:Before his death, Ralph Quarles arranged for his
2910:
1194:, Louisiana State University Press, 2006, p. 66.
918:was also named for John Mercer Langston, as was
862:Langston's house in Oberlin was designated as a
797:, both black and white. Leaders of the biracial
2984:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
1491:The Sage Handbook of African American Education
1404:Aristocrats of Color: The Black Elite 1880–1920
1367:, Oberlin College, retrieved December 15, 2008.
1241:America's First Black Socialist, Peter H. Clark
1685:"Historic Landmark Designation Case No. 08-10"
1055:"John Mercer Langston: Principle and Politics"
1030:
831:In 1890 Langston was named as a member of the
645:. He enlisted hundreds of men for duty in the
455:John Mercer Langston was born free in 1829 in
2629:
2376:
2012:
1718:Cheek, William Francis, and Aimee Lee Cheek,
1406:(p). University of Arkansas Press, 1990. p242
1246:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
804:Langston ran as a Republican and lost to his
2959:African-American people in Virginia politics
1325:"John Mercer Langston: a snapshot biography"
1098:
1064:, in Leon F. Litwack and August Meier, eds,
952:County Board voted to rename its portion of
626:. John played a key role in the influential
1788:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
1773:
1218:, Winter 1999, retrieved December 15, 2008.
885:in Oberlin, Ohio, has been designated as a
450:
83:September 23, 1890 – March 3, 1891
2636:
2622:
2383:
2369:
2019:
2005:
1288:
1243:, (University Press of Kentucky, 2013),28.
1071:
904:in honor of John Mercer Langston in 1941.
527:", as was the common practice then) as an
475:. Their father was Ralph Quarles, a white
181:November 27, 1877 – June 30, 1885
42:
3069:19th-century African-American politicians
2969:Ambassadors of the United States to Haiti
1537:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199945740.003.0007
1444:
1442:
1322:
1136:Virginia Department of Historic Resources
679:, to establish and serve as the founding
637:, John Langston was appointed to recruit
58:U.S. House of Representatives
3004:Multiracial affairs in the United States
2954:African-American people in Ohio politics
1953:United States Minister Resident to Haiti
1811:, Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007
1613:
1583:Fortune, T. Thomas (November 21, 1897).
1576:
1553:
1531:. Oxford University Press. p. 145.
1520:
1396:
1252:
857:
772:Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute
693:
605:
169:United States Minister Resident to Haiti
1582:
1487:
1323:Snapshots, Historical (March 3, 2023).
1284:
1282:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1066:Black Leaders of the Nineteenth Century
127:March 26, 1884 – June 23, 1885
14:
2911:
1729:, University of Illinois Press, 1973,
1573:, US Congress, retrieved June 5, 2012.
1448:
1439:
1256:A history of the schools of Cincinnati
942:John Mercer Langston Elementary School
558:
3059:19th-century African-American lawyers
2617:
2393:Virginia's 4th congressional district
2364:
2000:
1921:Virginia's 4th congressional district
1526:
1103:. University Alabama Press. pp.
837:St. Paul Normal and Industrial School
424:Langston's early career was based in
1637:from the original on August 19, 2016
1601:from the original on August 19, 2016
1279:
1259:. The School life company. pp.
1087:
984:. American Publishing Company. 1894.
876:
3019:People from Louisa County, Virginia
2643:
1838:"Biography of John Mercer Langston"
1823:, Oberlin College speech collection
1671:"Langston reunion draws to a close"
1053:William Cheek and Aimee Lee Cheek,
24:
2979:American people of English descent
2028:United States Ambassadors to Haiti
1508:from the original on June 13, 2013
1358:"John Mercer Langston (1829-1897)"
722:43rd Congress of the United States
25:
3080:
3064:19th-century Virginia politicians
2929:19th-century American legislators
1796:
1494:. Sage Publications. p. 44.
1469:from the original on May 17, 2018
1267:from the original on May 16, 2020
1009:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
3039:Virginia State University people
2602:
2349:
1763:
1300:University of Pennsylvania Press
330:
3049:19th-century American diplomats
1865:Howard University School of Law
1677:
1663:
1649:
1481:
1409:
1351:
1342:
1316:
1014:List of African-American firsts
702:During 1870, Langston assisted
689:Howard University School of Law
27:American politician (1829–1897)
2939:African-American abolitionists
1393:, retrieved December 15, 2008.
1253:Shotwell, John Brough (1902).
1227:John Woodson was a brother of
1221:
1197:
1175:
1162:
1149:
1121:
547:; he was admitted to the Ohio
428:where, with his older brother
13:
1:
3054:19th-century American lawyers
3044:Washington, D.C., Republicans
1916:U.S. House of Representatives
1899:U.S. House of Representatives
1821:John Mercer Langston Speeches
1712:
791:U.S. House of Representatives
2702:Let America be America Again
1743:The Journal of Negro History
912:John M. Langston High School
666:National Equal Rights League
635:United States Colored Troops
7:
3034:Underground Railroad people
2757:Montage of a Dream Deferred
2695:Come to the Waldorf Astoria
1817:, Oberlin College biography
1571:Black Americans in Congress
1385:September 16, 2013, at the
997:
10:
3085:
2944:African-American diplomats
2843:The Sweet Flypaper of Life
2709:Note on Commercial Theatre
2660:The Negro Speaks of Rivers
1963:George Washington Williams
1828:"The 'Obama Before Obama'"
1488:Tillman, Linda C. (2008).
1363:December 27, 2005, at the
950:Arlington County, Virginia
898:historically black college
887:National Historic Landmark
883:John Mercer Langston House
864:National Historic Landmark
841:historically black college
776:historically black college
675:In 1868 Langston moved to
647:Massachusetts Fifty-fourth
502:Oberlin Preparatory School
365:historically black college
226:George Washington Williams
3024:People from Oberlin, Ohio
2994:Howard University faculty
2872:
2853:
2826:
2767:
2732:
2651:
2600:
2399:
2347:
2034:
1985:
1974:
1969:
1959:
1950:
1942:
1937:
1927:
1912:
1908:Edward Carrington Venable
1904:
1897:
1889:
1883:Virginia State University
1879:
1871:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1805:, Congressional Biography
1455:. McFarland. p. 81.
1060:January 12, 2014, at the
828:rights for all citizens.
628:Oberlin–Wellington Rescue
620:Ohio Anti-Slavery Society
601:
419:Voting Rights Act of 1965
361:Virginia State University
338:
326:
307:
299:
291:
281:
264:
240:
235:
231:
219:
207:
185:
174:
167:
155:
145:
131:
120:
111:
99:
94:Edward Carrington Venable
87:
76:
54:
50:
41:
34:
1449:Turkel, Stanley (2009).
1172:, Wagner (1973), p. 386.
1024:
969:
930:, civil rights activist
718:Civil Rights Act of 1875
592:Register of the Treasury
451:Early life and education
2898:Langston Hughes Society
2749:The Ways of White Folks
2741:Fine Clothes to the Jew
1783:"Langston, John Mercer"
1565:April 21, 2012, at the
1210:August 6, 2018, at the
966:is named in his honor.
457:Louisa County, Virginia
3009:Oberlin College alumni
2886:Charles Henry Langston
2880:Carrie Langston Hughes
1815:"John Mercer Langston"
1803:"John Mercer Langston"
1585:"John Mercer Langston"
1380:"John Mercer Langston"
1084:Cheek 1989, pp. 11-12.
948:On July 17, 2021, the
866:
751:U.S. Minister to Haiti
749:appointed Langston as
699:
611:
553:Sherlock James Andrews
430:Charles Henry Langston
2752:(short stories, 1934)
1630:. November 20, 1897.
1402:Gatewood, Willard B.
1203:Richard B. Sheridan,
1190:May 31, 2016, at the
924:Hot Springs, Arkansas
861:
697:
651:Fifty-fifth regiments
609:
2892:John Mercer Langston
2835:Not Without Laughter
2800:Tambourines to Glory
1746:, 52 (January 1967).
1659:. December 16, 2017.
1419:John Mercer Langston
1329:Historical Snapshots
1216:Kansas State History
960:Langston Golf Course
936:Edith Mae Irby Jones
920:Langston High School
908:Langston High School
753:; he also served as
740:District of Columbia
698:John Mercer Langston
616:Underground Railroad
588:Nashville, Tennessee
580:James Carroll Napier
345:John Mercer Langston
245:John Mercer Langston
151:Position established
36:John Mercer Langston
2934:Activists from Ohio
1290:Smith, Jr., J. Clay
1181:Frederick J. Blue,
1155:Rountree, Helen C.
902:Langston University
855:in Washington, DC.
808:opponent. He, with
774:, established as a
596:William Howard Taft
559:Marriage and family
531:under abolitionist
506:Gilmore High School
399:Joseph Hayne Rainey
190:Rutherford B. Hayes
1809:Langston Biography
1628:The Washington Bee
1621:"Langston is Dead"
932:Mamie Phipps Clark
916:Danville, Virginia
894:Langston, Oklahoma
867:
821:disenfranchisement
780:land grant college
761:Dominican Republic
745:In 1877 President
731:on March 1, 1875.
700:
612:
484:and a guardian to
403:Reconstruction era
2906:
2905:
2611:
2610:
2358:
2357:
1995:
1994:
1986:Succeeded by
1960:Succeeded by
1938:Diplomatic posts
1928:Succeeded by
1890:Succeeded by
1872:Succeeded by
1852:Academic offices
1751:Civil War History
1697:on August 5, 2016
1501:978-1-4129-3743-6
1462:978-0-7864-4250-8
1114:978-0-8173-0906-0
877:Legacy and honors
853:Woodlawn Cemetery
833:board of trustees
756:chargé d'affaires
685:Howard University
658:Freedmen's Bureau
641:to fight for the
639:African Americans
498:Chillicothe, Ohio
486:Chillicothe, Ohio
378:in Virginia to a
357:Howard University
342:
341:
268:November 15, 1897
255:December 14, 1829
198:Chester A. Arthur
194:James A. Garfield
136:Chester A. Arthur
16:(Redirected from
3076:
2723:Mississippi–1955
2638:
2631:
2624:
2615:
2614:
2606:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2353:
2104:Bailly-Blanchard
2021:
2014:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1946:Ebenezer Bassett
1943:Preceded by
1905:Preceded by
1849:
1848:
1792:
1767:
1766:
1753:16 (March 1970).
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1690:. Archived from
1689:
1681:
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1673:. July 13, 2019.
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1348:Cheek 1991, p132
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993:
985:
974:Selected works:
934:, and physician
848:Washington, D.C.
799:Readjuster Party
747:Rutherford Hayes
736:Ulysses S. Grant
729:Ulysses S. Grant
677:Washington, D.C.
465:African-American
334:
275:Washington, D.C.
271:
258:Louisa, Virginia
254:
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236:Personal details
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214:Ebenezer Bassett
210:
202:Grover Cleveland
179:
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140:Grover Cleveland
125:
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90:
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21:
18:John M. Langston
3084:
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2999:Langston family
2909:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2868:
2849:
2822:
2816:Jerico-Jim Crow
2763:
2728:
2681:The Weary Blues
2647:
2645:Langston Hughes
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1832:Washington Post
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1781:, eds. (1891).
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1302:. p. 407.
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415:disenfranchised
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282:Political party
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1834:, June 7, 2008
1826:Kevin MĂ©rida,
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1797:External links
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2919:1829 births
2733:Collections
795:Republicans
778:(HBCU) and
521:law schools
209:Preceded by
147:Preceded by
89:Preceded by
2913:Categories
2260:Huddleston
1983:1884–1885
1971:New office
1957:1877–1885
1925:1890–1891
1887:1886–1887
1869:1869–1875
1858:New office
1713:References
1391:Black Past
1309:0812231813
1233:Sarah Jane
1141:August 23,
928:Ike Thomas
806:Democratic
793:by fellow
784:Petersburg
734:President
704:Republican
643:Union Army
569:mixed-race
537:Republican
529:apprentice
461:freedwoman
380:freedwoman
286:Republican
251:1829-12-14
2776:Mule Bone
2594:McClellan
2484:Jorgensen
2444:Dromgoole
2434:Alexander
2340:Stromayer
2286:Sanderson
2253:Alexander
2237:McManaway
2049:Hollister
1874:John Cook
1779:Fiske, J.
1334:April 21,
1271:March 13,
726:President
630:of 1858.
624:Cleveland
463:of mixed
327:Signature
308:Education
186:President
177:In office
132:President
123:In office
79:In office
2882:(mother)
2725:" (1955)
2718:" (1951)
2711:" (1940)
2704:" (1938)
2697:" (1931)
2690:" (1926)
2683:" (1926)
2676:" (1925)
2669:" (1922)
2662:" (1921)
2589:McEachin
2554:Turnbull
2549:Lassiter
2544:Southall
2539:Lassiter
2519:McKenney
2509:Langston
2333:Kendrick
2242:McKinley
2227:Kimelman
2197:Thurston
2192:Newbegin
2172:DeCourcy
2074:Douglass
2069:Thompson
2064:Williams
2059:Langston
1863:Dean of
1701:June 14,
1641:June 14,
1632:Archived
1605:June 14,
1596:Archived
1563:Archived
1512:March 6,
1506:Archived
1473:March 6,
1467:Archived
1383:Archived
1361:Archived
1292:(1993).
1265:Archived
1208:Archived
1188:Archived
1058:Archived
998:See also
825:Jim Crow
768:Virginia
533:attorney
513:theology
434:suffrage
410:Jim Crow
395:Virginia
353:attorney
300:Children
72:district
64:Virginia
2873:Related
2784:Mulatto
2688:Pierrot
2579:Sisisky
2529:S. Epes
2514:J. Epes
2504:Venable
2479:Stowell
2439:Gholson
2409:Preston
2301:Mulrean
2202:Timmons
2177:Travers
2167:Tittman
2131:Grummon
2117:Merrell
2094:Furniss
2054:Bassett
2039:Whidden
1980:Acting
1772::
759:to the
707:Senator
477:planter
408:In the
2865:(1939)
2846:(1955)
2838:(1930)
2827:Novels
2819:(1964)
2811:(1961)
2803:(1956)
2795:(1947)
2787:(1935)
2779:(1931)
2716:Harlem
2674:I, Too
2584:Forbes
2574:Daniel
2569:Abbitt
2564:Drewry
2559:Watson
2499:Gaines
2489:Hooper
2474:Booker
2459:Bocock
2454:Hubard
2424:Swoope
2419:Holmes
2326:Merten
2314:Diallo
2307:Shukan
2291:Merten
2276:Curran
2271:Carney
2162:Wilson
2147:Gordon
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2079:Durham
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1263:–455.
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1107:–274.
720:. The
602:Career
584:Nettie
573:Quaker
545:Elyria
493:Quaker
292:Spouse
277:, U.S.
260:, U.S.
116:Acting
2854:Films
2768:Plays
2652:Poems
2534:Thorp
2524:Thorp
2494:Brady
2469:Pryor
2464:Goode
2449:Goode
2429:McCoy
2414:Trigg
2320:Sison
2296:White
2281:Foley
2266:Swing
2247:Adams
2232:Preeg
2222:Jones
2217:Isham
2182:Davis
2157:White
2152:Mayer
2137:Munro
2124:Gross
2099:Smith
1919:from
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1688:(PDF)
1635:(PDF)
1624:(PDF)
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1229:Lewis
1132:(PDF)
1025:Notes
970:Works
814:fraud
712:from
388:first
374:Born
62:from
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2207:Ross
2187:Drew
2110:Dunn
2044:Peck
1731:ISBN
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1643:2016
1607:2016
1541:ISBN
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1496:ISBN
1475:2016
1457:ISBN
1434:2012
1336:2023
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649:and
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