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876:, who would be Hopetoun's successor—over the Governor-General's right of access to dispatches and communiqués of the state governors. Questions of the independence of the states were raised and some fears of federal takeover of local affairs persisted during the disputes, until uneasy compromises were reached which saw some but not total subordination of state governors. Hopetoun continued to struggle to diminish pre-existing local parochial sentiments within the states, though his position within the Commonwealth was much better publicised and secured after his co-ordination and hosting of the Royal Visit in 1901. Tactful dealings with state governors and his strength at mediation helped secure that position in the early years of the Commonwealth as confidence in the new national entity was forged.
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obliged to reserve assent on further amendments to the bill in the absence of instructions from London in an attempt to balance the interests of the
Commonwealth and the Colonial Office. Eventually, important concessions were made by the Barton government and the bill was assented to by Hopetoun, although still not completely in line with imperial policy. Hopetoun's use of the assent power to negotiate changes in Commonwealth legislation was effective and skilfully deployed so as to avoid public confrontation over the issue.
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868:, who handled all his communications with London. Wallington was highly experienced in Australian colonial administration, having advised many governors previously and earning a reputation as an expert in managing communications and relations with the Colonial Office in London. However Australians resented an Englishman being in charge of official business, and the fact that Wallington had no responsibility to the new Commonwealth parliament despite his influential governmental position.
969:, with both maintaining that the governor-general's seat should be in their respective state capitals. Eventually, houses in both states were provided for the governor-general's use and expectations were made that the viceroy would share his time between the two. However provision for the cost of maintaining two large residences, while planning the construction of a third in the future federal capital, became subject to the long-running dispute between the Commonwealth and the states.
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941:. In May 1901, Fleming protested against unemployment in Melbourne by rushing onto the Prince's Bridge to halt the governor-general's carriage. Hopetoun told the police not to interfere and listened to Fleming put the case for the unemployed. Out of this encounter came a friendship which endured after Hopetoun returned to England. According to some reports, Hopetoun is credited with pressuring the government to speed up government work projects.
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which was subsequently amended into an unrecognisable measure designed to recoup the expense of the royal visit. The parliament then made it clear that no allowance would be approved for the vice-regal activities beyond what salary was already paid. Hopetoun was shocked: he had already incurred very great costs out of his own pocket to cover the expense of the office, which had strained his personal fortunes.
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1040:: "Our first Governor General may be said to have taken with him all the decorations and display and some of the anticipations that splendidly surrounded the inauguration of our national existence...we have...revised our estimate of high office, stripping it too hastily, but not unkindly, of its festal trappings. The stately ceremonial was fitting, but it has been completed."
675:), where he served until 1895. His appointment came amid a general stylistic change in colonial governors. Reflecting "Britain's more flamboyant pride in Empire, Australian colonial governors began to display a new colour and ostentation". Increased interest in Empire had spurred the appearance of young and wealthy aristocrats in place of previous career administrators.
609:, where he passed out in 1879. However, he chose not to join the regular army upon graduation. He later explained "the affairs of the family estate, to which I succeeded at 13, seemed to call for my personal attention". Subsequently, he devoted his attentions to managing the more than seventeen thousand hectares (42,500 acres) of family estate located around the
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Governor-General should disembark in Perth before going on to Sydney. Illness and misadventure following the Indian leg of the journey disrupted
Hopetoun's tour and made the arduous arrival preparations difficult to complete. Lady Hopetoun had suffered a relapse of her condition during the trip across Australia, adding further to Hopetoun's personal troubles.
809:, had formed the first federal Canadian government. Also, Barton was not a member of any parliament (he had resigned from the NSW Parliament earlier that year), and, although he had considerable political experience, he was considered in some quarters to be politically inept. Lyne, on the other hand, was recognised as a tough and experienced politician.
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of the movement, appearing at numerous banquets and giving speeches in its favour. At one such banquet he even offered to return to
Australia as their first governor-general should Federation be implemented. Upon leaving the governorship and returning to the United Kingdom in 1895, Hopetoun was a widely popular figure in Victoria and New South Wales.
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this period by other colonial governors, Hopetoun by most accounts handled this period ably and subsequently stayed in office for longer than the usual term. However, the reality of the 1890s was that colonial governors had lost much of their administrative and political power, instead assuming more figurative and representative roles.
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Hopetoun also proved to be problematic as a public speaker in the new role. Though steering clear of any controversial subjects and stressing national unity and identity during his first months, in late 1901 and early 1902, he had committed several constitutional faux pas by publicly taking positions
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There was also resentment over the regal pomp upon which
Hopetoun insisted in carrying out his role, and the expense which this entailed. Official visits to the states often incurred significant local expenses often not reimbursed by the Commonwealth, causing ructions in State-Federal relations until
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Hopetoun's term also coincided with the important years of the federation movement in
Victoria. The economic crash and resultant political and social problems laid bare the inefficiencies of the colonial system and sparked renewed interest in an Australian federation. Hopetoun was an active supporter
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Hopetoun's term coincided with a number of serious difficulties being faced by the colonies. The economic boom in the colony was reversed by the Great Crash in 1891, leading to a decade of depression, bank failures, industrial action and political instability. In contrast to the troubles faced during
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Hopetoun's time as governor-general came to an abrupt and embarrassing end after a dispute over the financial arrangements for the office emerged in mid-1902. The
Constitutional Conventions of the 1890s had set the governor-general salary at a generous ÂŁ10,000, equivalent to the Canadian office. Yet
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Though most other opinion leaders did not go as far to state outright opposition to the governor-general's actions, they did spur important early debates as to the role of the governor-general. Barton himself admitted to some influence from the
Governor-General: though initially Barton was reluctant
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By this time, the euphoria of the royal tour had ended and political focus was on the still serious recession and drought that were straining the
Australian economy. Barton's speech in favour of the ÂŁ8000 allowance was weak, and every other speaker in the debate on the bill opposed the legislation,
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described
Hopetoun as "exceptionally qualified to discharge the duties of this important position with ability and efficiency" and stated that he would be "heartily welcomed" in Australia. His strong ties with the Queen and with the incumbent British administration were also important to appointers
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Hopetoun's time as
Governor was in keeping with the newly emerging style. He rapidly developed a reputation for lavish entertaining and spectacular vice-regal galas. Notwithstanding poor health and colonial astonishment at his habit of wearing hair-powder, his youthful enthusiasm for routine duties
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or similar elaborate position were out of touch with public perceptions of the role. Hopetoun's attempts to serve Australia as a glamorous figure of the British Empire had brought him into conflict with domestic politics and ultimately were cause for the abrupt end to his term. Although Hopetoun's
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Victoria and New South Wales both avoided the issue and failed to pass bills allowing for the governor-general's expenses while present in either state to be paid by the state itself. By the assumption of duties in 1901, Hopetoun still did not have a formal allowance approved for his expenses, but
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Hopetoun was advised by the Colonial Office that he should limit his entertaining and expenses while the situation remained officially unresolved, but Hopetoun was by nature an extravagant figure in public life and significant resources were expended by Hopetoun travelling and hosting the Royal
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until changes had been made. Hopetoun was left in a difficult position, as fears of immigration were rampant in Australia at the time and the bill was popular, notwithstanding the disapproval of the British government. A difficult period of private manoeuvring followed, after which Hopetoun was
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Hopetoun, wary that his actions would constitute important precedents for the new nation, generally followed pre-existing Canadian and British conventions in discharging his constitutional duties. Hopetoun was well-acquainted with many members of the first government and built a strong personal
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Publicly humiliated by the parliamentary rebuke, still in relatively ill health, and now under financial duress; on 5 May Hopetoun announced to the Colonial Office his desire to be recalled from the position. The Colonial Office expressed displeasure at the actions of the Barton government and
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Intercolonial rivalries and traditional suspicions in Sydney of the excessive influence of Melbourne over national affairs were cause for some complex manoeuvres during Hopetoun's arrival. Though he was initially intended to arrive via Melbourne, local politicians insisted that the incoming
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quickly seized upon the issue as an example of inappropriate interference by the governor-general in political affairs that were the exclusive domain of parliament. A debate resulted in parliament which was generally critical, or at least tacitly disapproving, of Hopetoun's comments.
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brief and frictional time in office revitalised some debate over whether the position should be a locally elected one, successors in the role quickly realised and conformed with the relative modesty which the position demanded and the system of British appointments continued.
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Though newspapers and politicians were divided on who was to blame for the sudden resignation, and many tried to dissuade Hopetoun from his decision, ultimately it became clear that Hopetoun's perceptions that the governor-general would be a position analogous to the
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to commit support to the Boer War, communications by Hopetoun to the Colonial Office in December 1901 revealed that Barton's position had been changed in favour of committing support and that change had most likely been driven by Hopetoun's efforts.
897:. He defended Barton's decision to commit support to the conflict, emphasised his own role in the making of the decision alongside Barton and professed a belief that it was Australia's duty to stand behind the imperial government in the war.
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until the passage of the referendums of 1899, and was unpopular with the leading federalist politicians. Explanations for the appointment generally revolve around the precedent established by Canada, whereby the Premier of the senior colony,
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in London. His appointment was approved by the Queen on 14 July 1900 and on 29 October letters patent were issued constituting the office and his own instructions. Hopetoun arrived in Sydney on 15 December, via India, where he had caught
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summarised the opposition opinion in its editorial: "Since the day of the Governor-General's arrival, he has shown a disposition to assert, and Mr Barton to allow, powers utterly at variance with the rights of a self-governing people."
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Other problems appeared with regard to the relationship between the new Governor-General and the continuing state governors. Disputes emerged between Hopetoun and several state governors—particularly South Australian governor
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in 1905. He died in France at the age of 47, after several years of ill health. Hopetoun's term as governor-general is generally regarded as a failure, and his successors generally avoided emulating his extravagance. Only
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or West Lothian, on 23 October 1902. However among observers, and particularly Hopetoun himself, "there was little doubt that he had been less than successful in the great test of his public career".
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Though he greatly desired appointment to the Viceroyalty of India, Linlithgow was prevented from attaining the position by poor health and adverse political developments, though his son
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and other prominent politicians, particularly Victorian politicians, told Hopetoun they would not serve under Lyne. Lyne returned his commission on 24 December and Hopetoun sent for
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1672:
The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom. Volume IV
537:. The announcement of his appointment to the new governorship-general in July 1900 was met with praise. However, he arrived in Australia ill-informed about the political aspects of
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of 1901. Instructions from the Colonial Office revealed that in its original form, the bill was unacceptable to the British government, and Hopetoun was instructed to reserve
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relationship with Barton, placing him in a position of respect and influence with the new federal politicians. He consulted regularly with the Prime Minister and with
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Hopetoun was popular with the general public, but developed a reputation for flamboyance and ostentation. The Cookatoo Inn in Surry Hills was revamped and renamed the
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788:, to form the first Commonwealth ministry. This caused great surprise amongst Australian and British politicians. In Australia, it had generally been assumed that
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in 1901 in his honour. His desire for a large expenses allowance was rebuffed by parliament, and he consequently relinquished office in July 1902. He was granted a
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in Canada, extensive provisions had been made for travel, residence and entertaining, no provisions for which were made in the Australian case.
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in 1887. He was appointed Governor of Victoria at the age of 29, and had a successful tenure in a time of political and economic instability.
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was not scheduled to be held until March, he could not follow the usual convention of appointing the leader of the majority party in the
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Cunneen, Christopher (January 2011) . "Hope, John Adrian Louis, seventh earl of Hopetoun and first marquess of Linlithgow (1860–1908)".
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553:". Lyne, who had campaigned against federation, had little support from the political establishment, and Hopetoun was forced to turn to
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from June 1885 to January 1886 and August 1886 to August 1889. From 1887 to 1889 he was also appointed Lord High Commissioner to the
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The Australian colonies had agreed to federate, to form the Commonwealth of Australia from 1 January 1901. Hopetoun's popularity in
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Visit. Barton meanwhile delayed on preparing a Commonwealth bill to cover the costs, stalling until mid-1902 to present the bill.
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was privately assured by Barton that at least ÂŁ8000 per annum would be at his disposal for the conduct of vice-regal duties.
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The Hopetoun Blunder: the Appointment of the First Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia, December 1900
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More problems soon arose though in establishing the new machinery of government. Hopetoun had brought his own
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In 1904 he accepted the position of President of the influential Scottish conservationist organisation the
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in 1905. His political career failed to advance, and still plagued by poor health, he died suddenly of
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Though Barton and most of those who present were pleased with the patriotic speech, opposition leader
840:, the effective leader of the opposition, in the lead up to the first federal election in March 1901.
628:) then aged 19. They had two sons and a daughter; a second daughter died in infancy. Their elder son,
483:(25 September 1860 – 29 February 1908) was a British aristocrat and statesman who served as the first
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and his friendship with leading Australian politicians made him an obvious choice to be the first
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upon his return to England, and thereafter withdrew from public life, except for a brief term as
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However, it quickly became apparent that Lyne would not be able to form the first government.
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to form an interim government, which would take office on 1 January 1901. Since the
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1640:. London : Dean & Son. 1903. p. 516, LINLITHGOW, MARQUESS OF. (Hope.)
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Lord Hopetoun takes the oath of office as the first Governor-General of Australia
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Hopetoun also notably exercised influence over the content and passage of the
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1737:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 730–731.
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1419:"Queen Victoria's Instructions to the Governor-General 29 October 1900 (UK)"
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An interesting friendship developed between Lord Hopetoun and the Melbourne
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Hopetoun was born into the Scottish nobility, and succeeded his father as
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Lords High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
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in January 1902, Hopetoun chose to discuss government policy towards the
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provided an explanatory editorial under alias for the British public in
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Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
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John Adrian Louis Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow, 7th Earl of Hopetoun
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1223:. NSW Government Office of Environment & Heritage. 22 October 2019
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a resolution was reached in 1905, well after Hopetoun's term expired.
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Shadow of Dispute: Aspects of Commonwealth-State Relations, 1901–1910
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and his fondness for informal horseback tours won him many friends.
601:, and the former Ethelred Anne Birch-Reynardson. He was educated at
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Statue of the Marquess of Linlithgow, Linlithgow Avenue, Melbourne
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King's Men: Australia's Governors-General from Hopetoun to Isaacs
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Discussion of this matter provoked traditional rivalries between
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Scottish peer and 1st Governor-General of Australia (1860–1908)
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Coat of arms of John Adrian Louis Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun
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Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
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1728:"Linlithgow, John Adrian Louis Hope, 1st Marquess of"
1675:. Edinburgh : D. Douglas. pp. 484–505, Linlithgow
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Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
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Debrett's peerage, baronetage, knightage, and companionage
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recognised his service by bestowing upon him the title of
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contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Linlithgow
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Lion and Kangaroo: the Initiation of Australia, 1901–1919
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Conservative Party (UK) Baronesses- and Lords-in-Waiting
1425:. Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House
1399:. Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House
1169:” habited, proper, each resting the exterior hand on an
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parodying Hopetoun's regal pretensions in office in 1901
1752:. Vol. 9. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
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Australia's Governors-General: From Hopetoun to Jeffery
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After returning to England in 1895, Hopetoun served in
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on political matters. Most notably in a speech to the
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After his return to the United Kingdom he was made a
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Hersey Alice Eveleigh-de Moleyns (formerly Mullins)
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3689:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
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1896:. Canberra: Australian National University Press.
734:in July 1900, Secretary of State for the Colonies
643:In 1883, Hopetoun became Conservative whip in the
624:, a Scots-born Irish aristocrat (daughter of the
487:, in office from 1901 to 1902. He was previously
3704:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
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780:. On 19 December 1900 Hopetoun chose to ask Sir
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1078:His final political appointment was to that of
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717:Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
711:until 1900. 1900 also saw his appointment as a
1622:"Historic Cockburn Association Office-Bearers"
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2641:Office of the Secretary of State for Scotland
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1064:married the daughter of the English novelist
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1812:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
997:Hopetoun and his family left Australia from
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768:Hopetoun's immediate task was to appoint a
640:and the governor-generalship of Australia.
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244:2 February 1905 – 4 December 1905
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176:28 November 1889 – 12 July 1895
1809:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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1744:"Hopetoun, seventh Earl of (1860–1908)"
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1837:. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.
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105:1 January 1901 – 17 July 1902
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1566:
1534:
1522:
1475:
1448:
636:(1936–43), after having declined the
634:Viceroy and Governor-General of India
18:John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow
1668:
1460:
1321:
1281:
884:Influence over the Barton government
581:held the position at a younger age.
1585:Deakin, Alfred (2 September 1902).
1293:
1247:
1235:
1221:"Hopetoun Hotel including Interior"
24:
1852:Dictionary of Australian Biography
1749:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1309:
1277:. 13 September 1889. p. 4943.
1058:Victor, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow
713:Knight of the Order of the Thistle
390:Mary Herbert, Countess of Pembroke
25:
3750:
3684:Governors of Victoria (Australia)
2933:Secretaries of State for Scotland
2798:Secretaries of State for Scotland
2648:Secretaries of State for Scotland
2632:Secretaries of State for Scotland
1911:
1075:, retaining the role until 1907.
945:Financial dispute and resignation
607:Royal Military College, Sandhurst
504:Royal Military College, Sandhurst
431:Royal Military College, Sandhurst
3642:
3014:Secretary of State for Transport
2695:
2625:
2573:
2418:
2253:
1791:. Sydney: G. Allen & Unwin.
1685:
1650:
1562:. 28 October 1902. p. 1061.
1369:. 12 October 1900. p. 6252.
1194:
1030:In the wake of his resignation,
1001:on 17 July 1902, at which point
1662:
1628:
1614:
1578:
1546:
1487:
1437:
1411:
1385:
1353:
1011:Administrator of the Government
891:Australian Natives' Association
599:John Hope, 6th Earl of Hopetoun
574:Secretary of State for Scotland
405:John Hope, 6th Earl of Hopetoun
362:
351:Hon. Hersey Eveleigh-de Moleyns
3679:Governors-general of Australia
3018:Secretary of State for Defence
2410:Governors-general of Australia
1787:Cunneen, Christopher (1983b).
1754:Australian National University
1742:Cunneen, Christopher (1983a).
1333:
1261:
1213:
597:, Scotland, the eldest son of
557:to serve as Australia's first
541:, and his decision to call on
498:at the age of 12. He attended
409:Ethelred Anne Birch-Reynardson
13:
1:
2102:Peerage of the United Kingdom
2084:Governor-General of Australia
1349:. 23 July 1895. p. 1101.
1206:
1043:
828:for the first meeting of the
728:Governor-General of Australia
691:Governor-General of Australia
485:governor-general of Australia
93:Governor-General of Australia
1826:UK public library membership
1669:Paul, James Balfour (1907).
919:Immigration Restriction Bill
7:
3734:Peers created by Edward VII
1184:(But my hope is not broken)
1007:Governor of South Australia
985:complied with the request.
10:
3755:
3674:Nobility from West Lothian
844:Conflict over the position
786:Premier of New South Wales
761:
41:The Marquess of Linlithgow
3640:
3064:
3010:
2932:
2797:
2704:
2693:
2647:
2638:
2582:
2571:
2425:
2416:
2262:
2251:
2189:
2139:
2131:
2121:
2112:
2107:
2100:
2090:
2081:
2076:
2066:
2057:
2049:
2044:
2034:
2025:
2017:
2007:
1998:
1990:
1980:
1971:
1963:
1953:
1944:
1936:
1931:
1847:"Hope, John Adrian Loius"
866:Edward William Wallington
830:Federal Executive Council
667:In 1889 he was appointed
447:
439:
416:
397:
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334:
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74:
34:
3739:Secretaries for Scotland
3729:Marquesses of Linlithgow
2705:Secretaries for Scotland
1875:The Scottish Secretaries
1873:Torrance, David (2006).
1833:La Nauze, J. A. (1957).
826:Government House, Sydney
778:House of Representatives
1984:The Duke of Marlborough
1734:Encyclopædia Britannica
1703:Carroll, Brian (2004).
1423:Documenting a Democracy
1397:Documenting a Democracy
1097:
1094:, on 29 February 1908.
730:. In his submission to
3709:Knights of the Thistle
2115:Marquess of Linlithgow
2028:Secretary for Scotland
1877:. Edinburgh: Birlinn.
1864:Souter, Gavin (1976).
1818:10.1093/ref:odnb/33973
1180:
1080:Secretary for Scotland
1053:
1020:Marquess of Linlithgow
954:
857:
774:first federal election
700:
638:governorship of Madras
232:Secretary for Scotland
2183:Governors of Victoria
2011:The Earl of Clarendon
1857:Angus & Robertson
1707:. Sydney: Rosenberg.
1559:The Edinburgh Gazette
1346:The Edinburgh Gazette
1051:
953:Lord Hopetoun in 1902
952:
939:John 'Chummy' Fleming
851:
698:
585:Early life and career
549:became known as the "
443:Statesman, aristocrat
2764:Thomas McKinnon Wood
2225:Marquess of Normanby
2060:Governor of Victoria
1892:Wright, Don (1970).
1073:Cockburn Association
671:(and additionally a
669:Governor of Victoria
663:Governor of Victoria
620:on 18 October 1886,
547:caretaker government
489:Governor of Victoria
387:Lady Jacqueline Hope
164:Governor of Victoria
2759:Sinclair (Pentland)
2744:Balfour of Burleigh
2215:Viscount Canterbury
2135:John Alexander Hope
2045:Government offices
1967:Charles Seale Hayne
1104:
1066:W. Somerset Maugham
1023:, in the county of
491:from 1889 to 1895.
37:The Most Honourable
2303:Baron Huntingfield
2293:Earl of Stradbroke
1994:The Earl of Lathom
1957:The Lord Churchill
1932:Political offices
1868:. Sydney: Collins.
1497:. 8 February 1902.
1472:, pp. 219–225
1366:The London Gazette
1274:The London Gazette
1181:At spes non fracta
1124:, surmounted by a
1102:
1088:pernicious anaemia
1054:
955:
862:Official Secretary
858:
758:"Hopetoun Blunder"
736:Joseph Chamberlain
701:
508:Conservative Party
3651:
3650:
3114:Pleydell-Bouverie
3024:
3023:
2935:(post-devolution)
2591:
2590:
2376:
2375:
2278:Gibson-Carmichael
2150:
2149:
2122:Succeeded by
2094:The Lord Tennyson
2091:Succeeded by
2067:Succeeded by
2035:Succeeded by
2008:Succeeded by
1981:Succeeded by
1974:Paymaster General
1954:Succeeded by
1824:(Subscription or
1763:978-0-522-84459-7
1602:Missing or empty
1510:Missing or empty
1204:
1203:
1191:Full achievements
1122:terrestrial globe
803:John A. Macdonald
591:South Queensferry
589:Hope was born at
531:Paymaster General
451:
450:
384:Lord Charles Hope
307:South Queensferry
304:25 September 1860
16:(Redirected from
3746:
3646:
3645:
3051:
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2800:(pre-devolution)
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2257:
2235:Earl of Hopetoun
2176:
2169:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2142:Earl of Hopetoun
2132:Preceded by
2070:The Lord Brassey
2050:Preceded by
2018:Preceded by
2001:Lord Chamberlain
1991:Preceded by
1964:Preceded by
1940:The Lord Thurlow
1937:Preceded by
1929:
1928:
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1587:The Morning Post
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1544:
1543:, pp. 37–38
1538:
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1165:Two figures of “
1147:, between three
1112:
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1101:
1037:The Morning Post
991:Viceroy of India
764:Hopetoun Blunder
709:Lord Chamberlain
705:privy councillor
647:and served as a
626:4th Baron Ventry
551:Hopetoun Blunder
535:Lord Chamberlain
496:Earl of Hopetoun
482:
477:
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321:29 February 1908
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289:Personal details
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1947:Lord-in-waiting
1942:
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1885:
1843:Serle, Percival
1823:
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1046:
1009:, took over as
963:New South Wales
947:
886:
852:A cartoon from
846:
766:
760:
693:
665:
649:Lord in Waiting
616:He married, in
587:
516:Lord-in-waiting
514:, and became a
475:
468:
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393:
368:
365: 1886)
360:
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335:Political party
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322:
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2053:Sir Henry Loch
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2019:
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1912:External links
1910:
1909:
1908:
1903:978-0708108109
1902:
1889:
1884:978-1841584768
1883:
1870:
1861:
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1725:, ed. (1911).
1723:Chisholm, Hugh
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1062:Lord Glendevon
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770:prime minister
762:Main article:
759:
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732:Queen Victoria
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653:Queen Victoria
645:House of Lords
611:Firth of Forth
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566:Hopetoun Hotel
559:prime minister
529:'s cabinet as
527:Lord Salisbury
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2016:
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1692:public domain
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2937:1999–present
2753:
2681:
2540:Hollingworth
2429:
2298:Baron Somers
2234:
2140:
2113:
2109:New creation
2108:
2082:
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1999:
1972:
1945:
1917:
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1704:
1677:. Retrieved
1671:
1664:
1642:. Retrieved
1636:
1630:
1616:
1604:|title=
1586:
1580:
1575:, p. 35
1568:
1557:
1548:
1541:Carroll 2004
1536:
1524:
1512:|title=
1495:The Bulletin
1494:
1489:
1484:, p. 36
1482:Carroll 2004
1477:
1457:, p. 10
1450:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1422:
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1396:
1387:
1375:
1364:
1355:
1344:
1335:
1323:
1318:, p. 32
1316:Carroll 2004
1311:
1283:
1272:
1263:
1257:Cunneen 2011
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1215:
1077:
1070:
1055:
1035:
1029:
1018:
996:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
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956:
928:
923:Royal Assent
916:
912:
907:The Bulletin
899:
887:
878:
870:
859:
854:The Bulletin
853:
834:
811:
794:Constitution
782:William Lyne
767:
752:
721:
702:
685:
681:
677:
666:
642:
615:
603:Eton College
595:West Lothian
588:
563:
543:William Lyne
524:
518:in 1885 and
500:Eton College
493:
453:
452:
426:Eton College
339:Conservative
323:(1908-02-29)
311:West Lothian
274:Succeeded by
239:
225:Lord Brassey
220:Succeeded by
171:
151:Succeeded by
143:New position
141:
100:
81:Hope in 1902
29:
3719:Hope family
3669:1908 deaths
3664:1860 births
3284:Chamberlain
3234:Marlborough
3224:Seale-Hayne
3124:Donoughmore
2662:Queensberry
2125:Victor Hope
1922:1803–2005:
1554:"No. 11456"
1470:Wright 1970
1429:3 September
1403:3 September
1382:, p. 7
1361:"No. 27237"
1341:"No. 10694"
1290:, p. 4
1269:"No. 25974"
1244:, p. 3
1092:Pau, France
902:George Reid
838:George Reid
579:Lord Denman
570:marquessate
262:Preceded by
208:Preceded by
189:James Munro
137:Preceded by
3658:Categories
3459:Shackleton
3309:Sutherland
3104:Colchester
3079:Knatchbull
2987:Carmichael
2754:Linlithgow
2480:Gloucester
2465:Stonehaven
2353:de Kretser
2265:Federation
2192:Federation
2146:1873–1908
2119:1902–1908
2088:1901–1903
2078:New office
2064:1889–1895
2005:1898–1900
1978:1895–1899
1951:1886–1889
1855:. Sydney:
1828:required.)
1207:References
1162:Supporters
1134:Escutcheon
1044:Later life
1025:Linlithgow
1015:Edward VII
864:, Captain
798:federation
545:to form a
539:federation
440:Occupation
418:Alma mater
313:, Scotland
300:1860-09-25
118:Edward VII
3584:B. Gummer
3564:Primarolo
3524:Caithness
3519:P. Brooke
3509:J. Gummer
3504:Parkinson
3479:Macmillan
3439:H. Brooke
3404:Macdonald
3389:Greenwood
3359:Cranborne
3349:Winterton
3339:Hutchison
3334:Rochester
3264:Henderson
3204:Beauchamp
3194:Beauchamp
3189:Wolverton
3094:Granville
2977:Alexander
2960:Alexander
2802:1926–1999
2739:Trevelyan
2724:Dalhousie
2719:Trevelyan
2707:1885–1926
2687:Tweeddale
2677:Roxburghe
2650:1707–1746
2500:De L'Isle
2495:Dunrossil
2440:Northcote
2333:McCaughey
2318:Delacombe
1772:1833-7538
1595:cite news
1503:cite news
1227:5 January
1120:A broken
937:pioneer,
931:anarchist
632:, became
240:In office
213:Lord Loch
172:In office
101:In office
3604:Mordaunt
3574:F. Maude
3559:Robinson
3549:Willetts
3534:Belstead
3494:A. Maude
3489:Williams
3429:Maulding
3424:Monckton
3409:Cherwell
3394:Marquand
3379:Cherwell
3254:Strachie
3239:Crossley
3229:Hopetoun
3209:Brownlow
3169:Childers
3164:Dufferin
3089:Macaulay
2889:Campbell
2859:Woodburn
2854:Westwood
2849:Rosebery
2844:Johnston
2834:Colville
2819:Sinclair
2714:Richmond
2672:Montrose
2555:Cosgrove
2435:Tennyson
2430:Hopetoun
2338:McGarvie
1845:(1949).
1780:70677943
999:Brisbane
967:Victoria
895:Boer War
745:his wife
724:Victoria
605:and the
502:and the
373:Children
330:, France
162:7th
114:Victoria
110:Monarchs
91:1st
3579:Hancock
3414:Selkirk
3399:Addison
3344:Munster
3329:Walters
3299:Gosling
3274:Walters
3244:Causton
3219:Windsor
3199:Thurlow
3184:Plunket
3154:Monsell
3149:Goschen
3129:Lovaine
3109:Stanley
3099:Stanley
3074:Stanley
3069:Parnell
2992:Mundell
2954:Darling
2949:Liddell
2919:Forsyth
2909:Rifkind
2904:Younger
2824:Collins
2814:Adamson
2809:Gilmour
2789:Gilmour
2784:Adamson
2769:Tennant
2734:Lothian
2729:Balfour
2545:Jeffery
2525:Stephen
2510:Hasluck
2460:Forster
2368:Gardner
2358:Chernov
2323:Winneke
2288:Stanley
2210:Darling
2190:Before
1919:Hansard
1679:26 June
1644:26 June
1149:bezants
1142:chevron
1140:, on a
1126:rainbow
822:cabinet
807:Ontario
748:malaria
510:in the
398:Parents
367:
359:
355:
181:Premier
3599:Dowden
3594:Norman
3589:Stride
3569:Jowell
3514:Clarke
3474:Eccles
3454:vacant
3419:vacant
3384:vacant
3374:Jowitt
3369:Hankey
3364:vacant
3354:vacant
3324:vacant
3319:Arnold
3314:Onslow
3304:vacant
3279:vacant
3259:Newton
3214:Jersey
3139:Cowper
3134:Wilson
3084:Baring
3012:*Also
3002:Murray
2972:Murphy
2966:Browne
2899:Millan
2874:Maclay
2869:Stuart
2864:McNeil
2829:Elliot
2749:Murray
2682:Vacant
2565:Mostyn
2560:Hurley
2530:Hayden
2485:McKell
2475:Gowrie
2470:Isaacs
2450:Denman
2445:Dudley
2363:Dessau
2328:Murray
2313:Brooks
2283:Fuller
2273:Talbot
2263:After
2245:Clarke
2205:Barkly
2200:Hotham
1900:
1881:
1822:
1795:
1778:
1770:
1760:
1711:
1171:anchor
1155:leaf,
1153:laurel
1129:proper
784:, the
715:and a
630:Victor
618:London
345:Spouse
3619:Philp
3614:Argar
3609:Ellis
3554:Bates
3529:Ryder
3469:Lever
3434:Mills
3249:Ashby
2982:Moore
2924:Dewar
2879:Noble
2839:Brown
2779:Novar
2774:Munro
2550:Bryce
2535:Deane
2520:Cowen
2505:Casey
2348:Landy
2343:Gobbo
2308:Dugan
2220:Bowen
2032:1905
1176:Motto
1138:Azure
1117:Crest
935:union
478:
476:,
471:
469:,
464:
462:,
361:(
357:
65:
63:,
58:
56:,
51:
49:,
3629:Glen
3624:Quin
3539:Cope
3484:Dell
3464:Hart
3449:Wigg
3179:Cave
3174:Adam
3159:Cave
3144:Hutt
3119:Lowe
3016:; **
2997:Jack
2944:Reid
2914:Lang
2894:Ross
2884:Ross
2515:Kerr
2490:Slim
2230:Loch
1898:ISBN
1879:ISBN
1793:ISBN
1776:OCLC
1768:ISSN
1758:ISBN
1709:ISBN
1681:2022
1646:2022
1608:help
1516:help
1431:2011
1405:2011
1229:2021
1167:Hope
1157:vert
1151:, a
1098:Arms
965:and
933:and
743:and
533:and
473:GCVO
466:GCMG
318:Died
294:Born
60:GCVO
53:GCMG
3499:Pym
2667:Mar
2657:Mar
1814:doi
1090:at
805:of
651:to
328:Pau
3660::
2968:**
1849:.
1774:.
1766:.
1756:.
1746:.
1731:.
1599::
1597:}}
1593:{{
1556:.
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