John Clarke (Baptist minister)

1477:"nowhere on the face of the earth and among civilized men, did civil and soul-liberty exist. Its first clear, full, deliberate, organized and permanent establishment in the world can now be distinctly traced to the Colony of Rhode Island, on the island of Aquidneck, in the Narragansett Bay, under the leadership and inspiration of Dr. John Clarke, the true Founder". Historian Louis Asher wrote, "It hardly seems arguable that Dr. Clarke was the first one to bring democracy to the New World by means of Rhode Island." Bicknell also asserted that Clarke was the "recognized founder and father of the Aquidneck Plantations, the author of the Compact of Portsmouth and leading spirit in the organization and administration of the island towns. Historian Edward Peterson wrote that Clarke was a man "whose moral character has never been surpassed, and his piety never been questioned." Asher made this final assessment of Clarke: "As a man, Clarke lived for others. Like many men of the past, he was selfless and uncomplaining. Despite his sectarian religious views, he gave more for his fellow man than he received." 267: 1122:(1652). The book begins with a letter to the English Parliament and Council of State, conveying an earnest plea for liberty of conscience and religious toleration. This is followed by another letter addressed to the Puritan leaders in Massachusetts. The largest part of the book is devoted to Clarke's beliefs on conducting a church and why he thought that the Massachusetts churches were proceeding in the wrong direction. Less than half of the book concerns the persecution that Clarke and his companions experienced at the hands of the Massachusetts authorities. He wrote, "it is not the will of the Lord that any one should have dominion over another man's conscience. ... is such a sparkling beam from the Father of lights and spirits that it cannot be lorded over, commanded, or forced, either by men, devils, or angels." 886:) to help organize a Baptist church. Roger Williams confirmed this in a letter to Governor Winthrop: "At Seekonk, a great many have lately concurred with Mr. John Clarke, and our Providence men, about the point of a new baptism and the manner by dipping; and Mr. John Clarke hath been there lately, and Mr. Lucar, and hath dipped them. I believe their practice comes nearer to the first practice of our great Founder, Christ Jesus, than other practices of religion do." Several members of the Seekonk church had quarreled with their minister Samuel Newman and had broken off from the main church, largely over the issue of infant baptism. Hearing of this division, Clarke and Lucar went to welcome the dissidents and baptize them by immersion. One of the Seekonk men was 996:

worthy to be hanged." In court, Endicott told Clarke that his beliefs would not stand up to those of the Puritan ministers. Clarke responded to this by writing a letter to the court from prison the following day, accepting the implied challenge to have a debate with the Puritan ministers on religious beliefs and practices. The challenge was initially accepted, but Clarke's fine was paid by some friends without his knowledge and he was released from jail. He left the area, and was then accused by the Puritan elders of defaulting on the challenge. He made two more attempts to debate the Puritan clergy, but the case was dropped by the court and the debate never took place. Clarke had drafted four points of discussion which detailed his beliefs and position.

923:

Bridge calling for the arrest of Clarke and his two associates. No baptisms had been performed, but the wording of the warrant suggested that this was the reason for the men's arrest. The men were forced to attend a Puritan religious service against their will, and they refused to remove their hats in church. Clarke stood at the end of the service and explained to the congregation why they refused to remove their hats. The men were detained that evening, then brought before the local magistrates the following day. They were free to return to Witter's after being arraigned and before being taken to Boston. Clarke conducted a service and Holmes baptized three people.

1436:, however, was hostile to the practice, and was rebuked by Clarke in 1667 over his harshness towards the Sabbatarians. Holmes subsequently withdrew from preaching at the Newport church, but resumed his pastoral duties there in 1671. When he continued to be critical of the Sabbatarians, they finally left to form their own church in December 1671. Additional dissension occurred in the church, centered on the family of Giles Slocum. When Slocum's wife, Joan, denied that Christ was alive, she was excommunicated in 1673. Following this, her husband, their children, and their children's spouses all left the church, and became 1191: 3872: 1316:, Moderator of the Assembly, Voted: That the box in which the King's gratious letters were enclosed be opened, and the letters with the broad seale thereto affixed be taken forth and read by Captayne George Baxter in the audience and view of all the people; which was accordingly done, and the sayd letters with his Majesty's Royall Stampe, and the broad seal, with much becoming gravity held up on hygh, and presented to the perfect view of the people, and then returned into the box and locked up by the Governor, in order to the safe keeping of it. 1289:

which rights had been curtailed due to religious reasons in the past. The new charter also forbade the other New England colonies from making war against the Indians within Rhode Island, without its permission, and also directed that disputes with other colonies would be appealed to the crown. It also outlined provisions for colonial representation, specifying a colonial governor, deputy governor, and ten assistants (called magistrates because of their judicial role). In addition, the number of deputies allotted to each town was specified.

1267: 1242: 3431: 3443: 3455: 721: 45: 1133:(1653). This book defended the use of force to maintain the "correct" church in the Massachusetts colony. This response was well written, but it did more to confirm the persecutions of Clarke's party than to defend the Massachusetts position. Ultimately, the book helped Rhode Island secure significant religious liberties, prompting one Baptist historian to describe Clarke as "the Baptist drum major for freedom in seventeenth century America." 3467: 496: 1218:

FULL LIBERTIE IN RELIGIOUS CONCERNMENTS". These words became emblematic of Rhode Island's struggle for religious freedom and were soon included in the charter itself—and much later were chiseled on the frieze of the Rhode Island State House. One of the later petitions dealt heavily with the boundary issues between the Rhode Island and Connecticut colonies. Clarke had to wait nearly a year for any action on the various petitions.

1000: 3479: 1449: 1521:, England. Margaret was the oldest child, born about 1601, and next was Carew, baptized 17 February 1602/3, followed by Thomas, baptized 31 March 1605. Mary was next, baptized 26 July 1607, then the subject John was baptized 8 October 1609, next was William baptized 11 February 1611 who probably died young, and the youngest, Joseph, was baptized on 16 December 1618. Margaret married Nicholas Wyeth and lived in 1254:

line between the two colonies was ultimately set at the Pawcatuck River, after months of negotiations involving lawyers and arbitrators on both sides. Those who had settled on Atherton Company lands were allowed to choose whether to be governed by Connecticut or Rhode Island. Once the agreement was reached, Winthrop returned to New England while Clarke made his final push for Rhode Island's charter.

1407:, who had been given the English name of King Philip. Though Rhode Island was much more at peace with the Indians than the other colonies, because of geography, it took the brunt of damage from the conflict, and the settlements of Warwick and Pawtuxet were totally destroyed, with much of Providence ruined as well. Because of the very high esteem Clarke held within the colony, he was 1307:

George Baxter, who carried it to Rhode Island. On 24 November 1663 Rhode Island's General Court of Commissioners convened at Newport for the last time under the parliamentary patent of 1643. The inhabitants and legislators had gathered to receive the result of Clarke's decade-long labors. The magnitude and solemnity of the occasion was captured in the colonial records:

1071:, which ultimately came about in 1647 as a result of the patent. He wanted colonial independence for the two island towns of Newport and Portsmouth, and decided to go to England to present his case to the Colonial Commissioners in London. On 3 April 1651, the Council of State of England gave Coddington the commission of a separate government for the island of 1012:

result, Holmes was taken to the town's whipping post on 5 September 1651 and given 30 lashes with a three-corded whip. He told the magistrates, "You have struck me as with roses", and he claimed to have felt no pain during the incident; however, he could only sleep by resting on his knees and elbows for many days afterwards. Much later, Rhode Island Governor

1325:, and only for the one reason that the apportionment of representatives for the several towns "could no longer be rendered as just in operation and could only be remedied by alteration of the organic law." When the document was ultimately retired, it was the longest surviving constitutional charter in the world. It was so far-reaching that even the 1532:. This was the wife who was with him while he was an agent in England, and she died in Newport a few years before Clarke. Following her death, he was married on 1 February 1671 to Jane, the widow of Nicholas Fletcher, but she died the following year on 19 April 1672. Clarke had a daughter with Jane, born 14 February 1672 and dying on 18 May 1673. 1370:, who abhorred the Atherton Company. Clarke was one of three men allowed to present Rhode Island's views on the land disputes, and the commissioners ultimately took a strong stance in favor of Rhode Island. Eventually, the Atherton Company lost its Narragansett property, and the Kings Province became a part of the Rhode Island colony. 624:, England, and was baptized there on 8 October 1609. He was one of seven children of Thomas Clarke and Rose Kerrich (or Kerridge), six of whom left England and settled in New England. No definitive record has been found concerning his life in England other than the parish records of his baptism and those of his siblings. 1214:

Rhode Island was renewed on 18 October 1660, and he filed at least ten petitions and letters to the king between 1661 and 1662. He offered the king the complete loyalty of the Rhode Island colony, and then requested the king's sympathy and support to guarantee freedom of conscience in the pursuit of religious worship.

583:. Following his poor treatment in prison, he went to England where he published a book on the persecutions of the Baptists in Massachusetts and on his theological beliefs. The fledgling Rhode Island colony needed an agent in England, so he remained there for more than a decade handling the colony's interests. 903: 1424:

6:2, and the ritual was welcomed in the Newport Baptist Church. However, some members of the church wanted the practice to be mandatory, while others did not want additional restrictions placed on the parishioners. This disagreement prompted William Vaughan to break away from the church in 1656 and

1419:

While Clarke became very active in the affairs of the colony upon his return from England, he also resumed his leadership role in the Newport church. One major schism occurred in the church while he was in England, and another several years after his return. The first of these concerned the "laying

1320:

The following day it was voted that words of humble thanks be delivered to the King and also to the Earl of Clarendon, and that a £100 gratuity be given to Clarke. The charter stood the test of time, and it wasn't until 1843, 180 years after its creation, that the charter was finally replaced by the

1311:

At a very great meeting and assembly of the freemen of the colony of Providence Plantation, at Newport, in Rhode Island, in New England, November the 24th, 1663. The abovesayed Assembly being legally called and orderly mett for the sollome reception of his Majestyes gratious letter pattent unto them

1288:

In this charter, colonial boundaries were outlined, provisions for a military and for prosecuting war were effected, fishing privileges were secured, and a means of appeal to England was detailed. The charter guaranteed the rights of Rhode Island residents to travel freely within the other colonies,

1284:

Once the boundary issue between Rhode Island and Connecticut was resolved, the long-awaited charter, drafted by Clarke, was given the king's seal on 8 July 1663. The document was remarkable in that it not only offered corporate powers beyond what most English bureaucrats thought prudent, but offered

1253:

recognized the conflict between Connecticut and Rhode Island. He summoned Winthrop and Clarke in July 1662, representing the king in hopes of settling the boundary dispute between the two colonies. Both colonies claimed the territory between the Pawcatuck River and the Narragansett Bay. The boundary

603:

Clarke returned to Rhode Island following his success at procuring the charter; he became very active in civil affairs there, and continued to pastor his church in Newport until his death in 1676. He left an extensive will, setting up the first educational trust in America. He was an avid proponent

1337:

With the royal charter ready to travel to New England, Clarke had to begin gathering funds to get himself back as well. Only a week after the king put his seal on the charter, Clarke made an indenture with Richard Deane of London, mortgaging his Newport properties to raise money. Even this didn't

1301:

that no person within the said colony, at any time hereafter shall be any wise molested , punished, disquieted, or called in question, for any differences in opinion in matters of religion, and do not actually disturb the civil peace of our said colony; but that all and every person and persons may,

1292:

Of paramount importance to Clarke was the charter's explicit guarantee of religious freedom. It excused Rhode Islanders from conformity with the Anglican Church "because some of the people ... cannot, in their private Opinions, conform to the publique exercise of religion ..." It also took some of

1095:

summed up the feelings of many of the Providence settlers when he wrote, "Whereas Mr. Coddington have gotten a charter of Road Iland and Conimacuke Iland to himself, he have thereby broken the force of their charter that went under the name of Providence, because he have gotten away the greater part

1011:

Friends raised the money to pay the fines for Clarke and Crandall, but without their consent and contrary to their wishes. As soon as Holmes discovered what was happening, he was able to forbid the payment of his fine as a matter of conscience, though friends attempted to pay for him as well. As a

894:

counterparts in Plymouth accusing them of doing nothing about the practices. The Seekonk church then excommunicated Holmes and he was compelled to move to Newport in 1650 or 1651 with a few other dissidents, following court action against him. He subsequently became an elder of the Newport church.

1599:

Ill Newes from New-England: Or a Narrative of New-Englands Persecution. Wherin is Declared that While Old England is Becoming New, New-England is Become Old. Also Four Proposals to the Honoured Parliament and Councel of State, Touching the Way to Propagate the Gospel of Christ (with Small Charge

1468:

to be used "for the relief of the poor or bringing up of children unto learning from time to time forever." Still in use, this trust is generally considered to be the oldest educational trust fund in the United States. Ironically, the trust undermined some of the principles that Clarke cherished,

1181:

An important acquaintance of Clarke's in London was Richard Baily, who provided him with legal expertise, helped him draft petitions to the king, and may have even helped him write Rhode Island's charter. When Clarke eventually returned to Newport, Baily sailed with him, later providing additional

1100:

were sent to England to get the Coddington commission revoked. Simultaneously, the mainland towns of Providence and Warwick sent Roger Williams on a similar errand, and the three men sailed for England in November 1651, just a few months after Clarke had been released from prison. The men did not

809:

In 1640, the towns of Portsmouth and Newport united and Coddington was elected its governor. Roger Williams wanted royal recognition for these settlements and protection against encroachments from their neighbors of Massachusetts, Plymouth, and Connecticut. In 1643, he went to England to obtain a

590:

had made incursions into Rhode Island territory. After the restoration of the monarchy in England in 1660, it was imperative that Rhode Island receive a royal charter to protect its territorial integrity. It was Clarke's role to obtain such a document, and he saw this as an opportunity to include

1383:

for two of the three years between 1669 and 1672. With his legal background, he was appointed in October 1666 to make a digest of Rhode Island laws. In June 1670 and again in March 1672 he was chosen as an agent to go back to England on behalf of the colony. His selection in 1672 was to make an

1306:

Once he had the cherished document in hand, it was imperative for Clarke to get it sent to Rhode Island. However, he had received very little remuneration for his diplomatic efforts and did not have the funds to immediately sail back to New England. He therefore entrusted the charter to Captain

957:

Fourth, that no such believer or servant of Christ Jesus hath liberty, much less authority from his Lord to smite his fellow-servant, nor yet with outward force, or arm of flesh to constrain, or restrain his conscience, no, nor yet his outward man for conscience' sake, or worship of his God, where

651:

in Holland, one of Europe's primary medical schools at the time. The school's ledger of graduates includes, in Latin, "Johannes Clarcq, Anglus, 17 July 1635-273" (translated as John Clark, England). It is apparent that Clarke earned a master's degree from the concordance that he wrote, where the

627:

Clarke was apparently highly educated, judging from the fact that he arrived in New England at the age of 28 qualified as both a physician and a Baptist minister. His many years of study become evident through a book that he wrote and published in 1652, and through his masterful authorship of the

1257:

Following all the furore over the land boundaries, none of the other provisions of the proposed charter aroused any debate. Many of the provisions of Rhode Island's charter were like those in Connecticut's, except that Connecticut wanted a government similar to that of Massachusetts, while Rhode

1217:

Clarke wrote a particularly eloquent proposal in a petition received by the crown on 5 February 1661, with certain words emboldened within the document. His earnest request was "TO HOLD FORTH A LIVELY EXPERIMENT THAT A MOST FLOURISHING CIVILL STATE MAY STAND ... AND BEST BE MAINTAYNED ... WITH A

1213:

was passed requiring unified religious observances centered on the Anglican Church. The new king harbored prejudices against the Presbyterians, Independents, and Baptists, increasing Clarke's difficulty in crafting a charter that included religious freedoms. Clarke's commission as the agent for

949:

Second, baptism, or dipping in water, is one of the commandments of this Lord Jesus Christ, and that a visible believer or disciple of Christ Jesus—that is, one that manifesteth repentance toward God, and faith in Jesus Christ—is the only person that is to be baptized, or dipped with that visible

922:

visited him at his home. The party arrived on Saturday 19 July and held a religious service the next day. Those present included family and visitors and "four or five strangers that came in unexpected". During the service, two constables appeared with a warrant signed by local magistrate Robert

1476:

Clarke believed that secular government should peacefully coexist with religion, and he became a seminal figure in applying the separation of church and state. Historian Thomas Bicknell, one of Clarke's most ardent supporters, wrote that at the time of the Puritan settlement of New England that

1173:

ensuring the religious liberties on which the colony had been founded, and Cromwell confirmed the validity of Rhode Island's 1643 patent. Clarke also assisted the colony in 1656 by sending home four barrels of powder and eight barrels of shot and bullets, and in 1657 he handled a letter from the

1149:

church under the pastorship of William Kiffin. One of his means of support was preaching at this church, which he called his "cheefe place for proffitt and preference", possibly because this arrangement offered him room and board. He also offered legal services and practiced medicine in London.

995:

The outcome of the trial was that Holmes was fined £30, Clarke £20, and Crandall £5. Holmes had been given the heaviest fine because of his excommunication in Seekonk and for administering the baptisms in Lynn. Clarke protested their heavy fines, and Governor Endicott replied that Clarke "was

991:

struck Holmes while he was in the protection of the court. The men were charged with: (1) holding an unauthorized religious meeting; (2) disrupting an authorized meeting (wearing their hats); (3) administering sacraments illegally; (4) maintaining that the Massachusetts churches were not true

814:) under one government. Coddington was opposed to the patent because the two island towns had grown and prospered much more than the mainland towns of Providence and Warwick. He managed to keep the island towns separate until 1647 when the four towns finally adopted the patent and became the 1345:

Despite the magnanimous provisions of Rhode Island's charter, it did not definitively settle the land disputes with Connecticut, which would continue for more than half a century. Nor did it settle the issue with the Atherton Company, occupying two large tracts of land within Rhode Island's

1229:

was given an audience with the king ahead of Clarke, and he obtained a new charter for his colony. Winthrop was on good terms with many Rhode Islanders, but he also had a stake in the Atherton Company, which undermined the sovereignty of Rhode Island by buying large tracts of land from the

717:. John Clarke apparently went with both groups, based on what he wrote in his book: "By reason of the suffocating heat of the summer before , I went to the North to be somewhat cooler, but the winter following proved so cold, that we were forced in the spring to make towards the South." 893:

The Massachusetts clergymen and magistrates were angered when they learned of the Seekonk baptisms. In their eyes, they invalidated the earlier baptisms which the parishioners had undergone as children, and also invalidated the ministers who performed them. The magistrates wrote to their

1473:. While the trust was used to support ministries of the church, it enmeshed the town counsel and the church in many legal entanglements. Eventually the trust was used to pay, at least in part, the salary of a paid minister—something that Clarke thought to be highly inappropriate. 1378:

Following his great usefulness in England, Clarke became further involved in the affairs of the Rhode Island colony upon his return. He served for six years, from 1664 to 1671, as a Deputy from Newport in the General Assembly, and then served as the Deputy Governor under Governor

1614:

The title of Dr. has been given to John Clarke by many authors, because he was a physician. However, he was not a doctor of medicine in the modern sense, even though he had medical training and education. The title has not been used in this article, other than in quotations.

599:

and presented it to the king, and it was approved with the king's seal on 8 July 1663. This charter granted unprecedented freedom and religious liberty to Rhode Islanders and remained in effect for 180 years, making it the longest-lasting constitutional charter in history.

953:

Third, every such believer in Christ Jesus ... may in point of liberty, yea, ought in point of duty, to improve that talent his Lord hath given unto him, and in the congregation ... may speak by way of prophecy for the edification, exhortation, and comfort of the whole.

1556:

to Newport in 1672, during Fox's visit to the American colonies. Soon thereafter Davis drowned, and within a year and a half his widow married Clarke. Sarah survived Clarke, and died sometime about 1692. She had children who were remembered in Clarke's will.

1302:

from time to time, and at all times hereafter, freely and fully have and enjoy his and their own judgments and consciences, in matters of religious concernments, throughout the tract of land hereafter mentioned, they behaving themselves peaceable and quietly ...

858:" on the island from 1640 to 1641. Boston lawyer Thomas Lechford wrote that there was a church on the island in 1640 of which Clarke was the elder or pastor, but he understood that it had been dissolved. Nevertheless, Clarke conducted public worship in 579:, and he established America's second Baptist church in Newport. Baptists were considered heretics and were banned from Massachusetts, but Clarke wanted to make inroads there and spent time in the Boston jail after making a mission trip to the town of 1032:

wrote a letter to Governor Endicott, making an earnest plea for toleration in matters of conscience and religion, but the request was unheeded. However, Williams did not let the matter rest, and used Clarke and Holmes as the subjects of his book

1460:

With the help of Richard Baily, Clarke drafted his will on 20 April 1676, then died in Newport the same day. He was buried in his family plot in Newport, as directed in his will, beside his two wives, Elizabeth and Jane, who predeceased him.

821:

Clarke had some legal training, and historian Albert Henry Newman argued that he was the principal author of the first complete code of laws that was enacted by the fledgling colony in 1647. Rhode Island historian and Lieutenant Governor

763:

where he was informed that Sowams was under their jurisdiction but Aquidneck Island was not. This suited Clarke, whose desire for the exiles was to "get clear of all, and be ourselves". Aquidneck was in the territory of the

1285:

a degree of religious freedom without precedent. The provisions of this charter were so far-reaching that not only would Rhode Island proceed as an autonomous entity, but the document would remain in effect for 180 years.

1052:. Some scholars have argued that Clarke's mission trip was planned to provoke the Massachusetts officials in order to support the cause of Rhode Island in England. Shortly after Clarke arrived in England, he published 1395:, considered "the most disastrous conflict to ever devastate New England," and leaving the mainland towns of the colony in ruins. This confrontation between many indigenous people and the English settlers was named for 4247:: The names of Clarke, Johnson, Hall, and Brightman at the end of the Portsmouth list were crossed out, and it is uncertain if they came to Portsmouth, though most, if not all, of them did appear on Aquidneck Island. 1535:

Clarke's third wife was Sarah, the widow of Nicholas Davis, with whom Clarke had had a long association. Davis, like Clarke, had been an early settler of Aquidneck Island in 1639, but became a merchant and moved to

266: 1056:. The book was an appeal to the English government outlining the case for religious tolerance, and it was instrumental in shaping public opinion and generating support for a charter for the Rhode Island colony. 1037:(1652). Williams gave a copy of this book to Clarke and wrote in the front: "For his honoured and beloved Mr. John Clarke, an eminent witnes of Christ Jesus ag'st ye bloodie Doctrine of persecution, &c." 938:(one favoring infant baptism), nor a Catabaptist (one opposing infant baptism). The governor said that the three men "deserved death, and he would not have such trash brought into his jurisdiction." 1432:

within the congregation wanted to worship on Saturday. The practice was largely tolerated, with some parishioners attending one service, some attending another, and some attending both. The elder

1258:

Island wanted the same self-government of the freemen that had been granted earlier in the 1643 patent. However, the Rhode Island charter went much further in its guarantees of religious freedom.

1238:, where Rhode Island claimed the territory. Clarke regarded Winthrop's conduct as treacherous, and Winthrop avoided Clarke while in England; he was able to get his charter approved in May 1662. 66: 1096:

of that colonie." Clarke voiced his opposition to Coddington's rule of the island, and he was commissioned as the island's agent to England on 15 October 1651. The following month, he and

1108:. William Dyer returned to Rhode Island the following February, bringing the news of the return of the colony to the Williams Patent of 1643, but Clarke remained in England with his wife. 3511: 798:

and many others in building the new settlement of Pocasset on Aquidneck Island. Within a year, however, there was dissension among the leaders, and Clarke joined Coddington and

697:

The controversy ultimately resulted in many people leaving Massachusetts Bay Colony, either voluntarily or by banishment. Some went north in November 1637 to found the town of

4274: 1338:

ensure his immediate departure from England, and it wasn't until the following spring that he was able to make the voyage back to Rhode Island. He and his wife sailed aboard

1028:

wrote from England to Reverends Cotton and Wilson of the Boston church: "These rigid wayes have lay'd you very lowe in the hearts of the saynts." Shortly after the incident,

806:. On 2 January 1639, Clarke and three others were appointed to survey the new lands around Newport, and they were appointed to proportion it among the inhabitants on 5 June. 1016:

wrote, "Those who have seen the scars on Mr. Holmes' back (which the old man was wont to call the marks of the Lord Jesus), have expressed a wonder that he should live."

1408: 339: 2890:

Peckham genealogy: the English ancestors and American descendants of John Peckham of Newport, Rhode Island, 1630, New York: National Historical Col, 1922, 622 pgs.

3504: 946:

First, that ... Jesus Christ is ... the Lord: none to or with him by way of commanding and ordering, with respect to the worship of God, the household of faith.

3108: 1354:

had submitted themselves to England's king. Once the newly arrived commissioners verified this, they declared all of the Narragansett territory (what is now

1067:

was unhappy with the colonial patent that Roger Williams had obtained in 1643, and he was resistant to consolidating the four settlements into the unified

787:

as witnesses. The names of many of the settlers were included on the deed; Coddington's name appeared first because he was responsible for the gratuity.

1470: 3497: 1528:

John Clarke was married three times, his first wife being Elizabeth Harris, the daughter of John Harris who was lord of the manor of Wrestlingworth in

992:

churches; and (5) maintaining that infant baptism was false baptism. The men were sentenced without any accuser or witness speaking out against them.

740:

signed the document which was intended to form a "Bodie Politick" based on Christian principles, and Coddington was chosen as the leader of the group.

737: 1576: 1170: 1068: 839: 815: 545: 202: 772:. On 24 March 1638, Williams drew up the deed granting Aquidneck Island to the settlers, which was signed "at Narragansett" (likely Providence) by 759:(which was called Rhode Island at the time). Williams was uncertain about English claims to these lands, so Clarke led a delegation of three men to 799: 4279: 3784: 1932:: "It is said that in 1644, Mr. John Clarke and some others formed a church on the scheme and principles of the Baptists" (Burrage, 1894, p. 26). 4314: 867: 1329:

did not change its position, since both the revolution and the charter rested on the same foundation—the inherent right of self-government.

4319: 3520: 1571: 1411:

whose counsel was sought in a 4 April 1676 General Assembly resolution. Two weeks later, while the war was still raging, Clarke was dead.

1049: 1145:

in England, although he received little compensation for his work. However, he remained active in his religious commitment and joined a

4299: 3751: 3631: 1040:

One positive outcome of the ordeal endured by these men was the conversion and baptism of some of the witnesses. One such witness was

3389: 1346:"Narragansett country". Fortuitous for the Rhode Island colony, however, was the arrival in 1664 of a group of royal commissioners. 3972: 3928: 3851: 1525:. Mary married John Peckham, and came to Newport, Rhode Island with her husband and four brothers, Carew, Thomas, John, and Joseph. 3681: 3671: 4294: 4289: 4011: 3691: 791: 1101:

meet with the Council of State on New England until April 1652 because of recent hostilities between the English and the Dutch.

3793: 1566: 4077: 4309: 3072: 3049: 3026: 632:

of 1663; further, his will mentions his Hebrew and Greek books, as well as a concordance and lexicon that he wrote himself.

3716: 3706: 3576: 640: 3777: 3636: 3661: 3236: 1600:

and Great Safety) Both in Old England and New. Also Christ out of His Last Will and Testament, Confirmed and Justified

1250: 926:

The prisoners were taken to Boston on 22 July and held until their trial on 31 July. They were brought before Governor

2975: 1048:. Dunster's conversion in faith resulted in his removal as president in 1654, but helped inspire the creation of the 635:

The difficulty with tracing Clarke's life in England stems largely from his very common name. Rhode Island historian

555:, England. He received an extensive education, including a master's degree in England followed by medical training in 4304: 4284: 3307: 3206: 3002: 524: 3762: 3117: 1420:

on of hands". This practice was considered to be one of Christ's six principles as advocated in the biblical verse

3283:

Annals of the Town of Providence, from its First Settlement to the Organization of the City Government in June 1832

1481: 1125:

The book ultimately had the desired effect. The Massachusetts authorities became so alarmed over the contents of

914:

in July 1651. He wanted to connect with his Baptist faith, but he was too infirm to travel to Newport, so Clarke,

647:

in 1628 and a master's degree there in 1632. Another clue to his education comes from a catalog of students from

1355: 843: 1548:, he was imprisoned and banished from there in 1659, and later lived in Newport. He transported Quaker founder 3770: 1425:

form his own "Six Principle" Baptist Church in Newport, sometimes called the Second Baptist Church of Newport.

862:

from the time of his arrival until 1644, when a church at Newport was founded. The church remains active as a

674:

in November 1637 when the colony was in the midst of the major theological and political crisis known as the

477: 389: 246: 3016: 2995:

John Clarke (1609–1676): Pioneer in American Medicine, Democratic Ideals, and Champion of Religious Liberty

1322: 591:

religious freedoms never seen before in any constitutional charter. He wrote ten petitions and letters to

20: 1517:

John Clarke was the fifth of seven known children born to Thomas and Rose Clarke, all born or baptized at

4041: 3918: 3342: 3324: 636: 329: 319: 1091:

Criticism arose as soon as Coddington returned to Rhode Island with his commission. In September 1651,

4056: 3967: 3846: 3421: 1925: 1489: 1380: 1363: 1326: 1313: 1279: 1271: 1198: 687: 679: 629: 596: 444: 156: 132: 87: 3217: 3626: 3616: 1359: 1013: 890:

who is considered a "pugnacious man a hot-tempered fault-finder" by Clarke biographer Sydney James.

644: 399: 3196: 3063:

Saints and Sectaries: Anne Hutchinson and the Antinomian Controversy in the Massachusetts Bay Colony

4157: 4061: 3962: 3923: 3900: 3861: 3841: 3826: 3816: 3606: 3581: 3571: 3556: 3347: 3329: 2278: 1522: 1190: 1175: 1092: 826:

extolled the virtues of this code, calling it a model of legislation which has not been surpassed.

748: 671: 572: 560: 351: 3399: 3253: 4036: 3656: 3591: 3327:(January 1943). "Additions and Corrections to Austin's Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island". 3176: 1080: 883: 439: 1104:

Coddington's commission for the island government was revoked in October 1652, with the help of

1054:

Ill Newes from New-England, documenting the ordeal at the hands of the Massachusetts authorities

595:

and negotiated for months with Connecticut over territorial boundaries. Finally, he drafted the

4175: 4051: 3977: 3908: 3856: 3836: 3345:(April 1948). "Additions and Corrections to Austin's Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island". 2270: 1537: 1421: 1210: 1105: 1097: 988: 879: 714: 691: 675: 661: 564: 482: 454: 3086: 4201: 4169: 4082: 4046: 4031: 3913: 3711: 3701: 2282: 2274: 1206: 1194: 1158: 1154: 984: 859: 850:

and likely had its beginnings when he arrived on the island in 1638. Massachusetts Governor

811: 803: 698: 683: 592: 576: 548:, author of its influential charter, and a leading advocate of religious freedom in America. 517: 434: 198: 50: 3489: 3404: 736:. Some historians suggest that Clarke wrote the document, based on its religious sentiment. 586:

The other New England colonies were hostile to Rhode Island, and both Massachusetts Bay and

4269: 4264: 3596: 3586: 3435: 3162: 1485: 1429: 1392: 1294: 752: 608:

that was included in the Rhode Island charter—and later in the United States Constitution.

324: 8: 3821: 3696: 3686: 3676: 3666: 3471: 3459: 3390:

The forgotten patriot: One man's actions forever married religious freedom with democracy

3012: 1351: 1231: 1025: 911: 768:, and Williams suggested that the Colonists pay them for the land with tools, coats, and 765: 706: 678:. A major division had occurred within the Boston church between proponents of so-called 580: 500: 459: 366: 3281: 3247: 3170: 3138: 1480:

The First Baptist Church of Newport, a grammar school, and a merchant Liberty ship, the

1197:

received at least ten petitions and letters from Clarke before affixing his seal on the

4127: 4001: 3991: 3731: 3721: 3561: 3447: 3104: 3082: 3061: 3038: 1518: 1465: 1453: 1388:

was making into the territory of Rhode Island, but the plan to send him was abandoned.

1385: 1226: 1222: 1064: 976: 733: 729: 617: 587: 552: 177: 3414: 1362:, including the Atherton tracts), to be Kings Province. One of the commissioners was 4021: 3792: 3303: 3296: 3232: 3202: 3180: 3092: 3068: 3045: 3022: 2998: 2981: 1146: 863: 724:

Portsmouth Compact; John Clarke's name is second on the list, just below Coddington's

648: 356: 4072: 3895: 3601: 2971: 1245:

Quotation of John Clarke on the frieze of the Rhode Island Statehouse in Providence

847: 823: 756: 710: 568: 510: 429: 384: 3298:

Making Heretics: Militant Protestantism and Free Grace in Massachusetts, 1636–1641

3229:

John Clarke and His Legacies: Religion and Law in Colonial Rhode Island, 1638–1750

1266: 1241: 971:

During the trial, the court was represented by Governor Endicott, Deputy Governor

910:

William Witter was an elderly blind man with Baptist sentiments who was living in

4145: 4139: 4133: 4016: 3741: 3546: 3536: 3531: 1541: 1367: 1342:

of London, carrying their belongings and a shipment of armaments for the colony.

1235: 1162: 1045: 980: 795: 760: 744: 605: 361: 334: 314: 144: 111: 99: 4196: 4087: 4026: 3890: 3811: 3746: 3736: 3483: 1433: 1428:

The second major division in the church occurred over the day of worship, when

1166: 1142: 1129:

that Thomas Cobbet, the minister of the Lynn church, wrote a rebuttal entitled

1029: 1004: 915: 887: 835: 784: 702: 419: 404: 345: 3368:"Liberty Ships built by the United States Maritime Commission in World War II" 1169:. Clarke's primary purpose there was to secure a strengthened charter for the 720: 4258: 4212: 4163: 3831: 3651: 3646: 3409: 3192: 2985: 1347: 1041: 972: 927: 919: 851: 424: 394: 286: 3151:

Clarke, John (1652), "Ill Newes from New England", in Gaustad, Edwin (ed.),

3933: 3726: 3184: 3132:. Huntington, New York: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company. pp. 1–8. 3096: 1544:. Davis had many business dealings in Massachusetts, but when he became a 1529: 281: 32: 999: 3641: 3621: 3566: 3116:. Little Rock, Arkansas: The Baptist Standard Bearer, Inc. Archived from 1553: 935: 743:

Roger Williams suggested two places where the exiles could settle on the

449: 414: 3367: 1448: 67:

Deputy Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

1549: 1120:

Ill Newes from New England: or a Narrative of New England's Persecution

931: 902: 855: 780: 296: 44: 3611: 1404: 1396: 1076: 1072: 810:

patent bringing all four towns (Newport, Portsmouth, Providence, and

776: 232:

Physician, Baptist Minister, Colonial agent, Deputy, Deputy Governor

3088:

The History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

1131:

The Civil Magistrates Power in Matters of Religion Modestly Debated

802:

in moving to the south end of the island, establishing the town of

255: 846:. The next Baptist congregation was established by John Clarke on 701:, while a larger group were uncertain where to go. They contacted 3466: 1488:

was dedicated in his honor in 1963. A plaque on the wall of the

987:

weighed in with denunciation for the prisoners, and the Reverend

906:

Governor Endicott said that Clarke and his company deserved death

621: 541: 495: 291: 181: 958:

injury is not offered to the person, name, or estate of others.

540:(October 1609 – 20 April 1676) was a physician, politician, and 2977:

History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

1545: 1437: 1400: 773: 769: 667: 639:

wrote that this was probably the same John Clarke who attended

571:

with many exiles from the conflict. He became a co-founder of

556: 3519: 3231:. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. 3198:

The Antinomian Controversy, 1636–1638, A Documentary History

3161:

Series 4, vol. II (Crosby, Nichols & Co., Boston 1854),

2556: 2554: 1221:

An unforeseen emergency occurred in the spring of 1662 when

1174:

colony requesting assistance with legal proceedings against

1924:

A much later pastor of the Newport church was the Reverend

1484:, are named for Clarke. The Physical Sciences building at 934:. Clarke replied that he was neither an Anabaptist, nor a 3955:(Settled 1638; under Massachusetts jurisdiction 1642-1658) 3091:. Vol. 3. New York: The American Historical Society. 2335: 2333: 2331: 1857: 1855: 3227:

James, Sydney V. (1999). Bozeman, Theodore Dwight (ed.).

2744: 2551: 2037: 2035: 1896: 1894: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1209:

ascended the throne of England, and within two years the

643:, but he may also have received a bachelor's degree from 3794:

Original proprietors of Rhode Island's first settlements

2792: 2732: 2607: 2605: 2010: 2008: 2006: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1715: 1713: 1700: 1698: 1661: 1659: 1312:

sent, and having in order thereto chosen the President,

2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2328: 2299: 2287: 1867: 1852: 1828: 1816: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1749: 1456:

and others in front of Clarke's grave marker in Newport

3143:. Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society. 2922: 2920: 2893: 2862: 2860: 2845: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2816: 2804: 2756: 2629: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2484: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2457: 2455: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2365: 2363: 2350: 2348: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2230: 2228: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2124: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2032: 1964: 1962: 1906: 1891: 1785: 1773: 1625: 1118:

Very soon after arriving in England, Clarke published

652:

authorship is given as "John Clarke, Master of Arts".

4275:

17th-century Baptist ministers from the United States

3419: 3302:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 2944: 2720: 2708: 2617: 2602: 2399: 2240: 2160: 2076: 2064: 2003: 1986: 1974: 1935: 1879: 1737: 1710: 1695: 1683: 1656: 1644: 3040:

Roger Williams and the Creation of the American Soul

2980:. Vol. 1. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 2932: 2780: 2768: 2677: 2196: 2184: 2172: 2088: 1797: 1725: 1391:

From 1675 to 1676, Rhode Island became embroiled in

3159:

Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society

3067:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2917: 2857: 2828: 2696: 2665: 2653: 2641: 2590: 2578: 2566: 2532: 2520: 2508: 2496: 2467: 2452: 2440: 2428: 2411: 2387: 2360: 2345: 2311: 2252: 2225: 2208: 2148: 2136: 2112: 2100: 2047: 2020: 1959: 1947: 1840: 1761: 1671: 1182:legal counsel and writing Clarke's extensive will. 728:Clarke joined a group of men at the Boston home of 3871: 3295: 3060: 3037: 2905: 2375: 1384:appeal to the king because of incursions that the 1366:, a good friend of Rhode Island's recent governor 1086: 1024:Following the men's arrest and ill treatment, Sir 1577:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 1171:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 1069:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 829: 816:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 705:, who suggested that they purchase land from the 546:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 4256: 3801:First settlers of Providence with Roger Williams 3410:Transcript of charter from RI Secretary of State 2872: 1153:Most of Clarke's time in England was during the 3370:. United States Maritime Commission. 4 May 2002 3265:whose moral character has never been surpassed. 2997:. Pittsburgh, PA: Dorrance Publishing Company. 1261: 4120:(Signers of initial agreement, 28 April 1639) 3778: 3505: 3201:. Durham and London: Duke University Press. 3130:Anne Hutchinson: Troubler of the Puritan Zion 1111: 518: 212:Clarke Cemetery, Dr. Wheatland Blvd., Newport 16:American politician and physician (1609–1676) 3405:Staple's history: Callender's Century Sermon 1572:List of lieutenant governors of Rhode Island 1003:Clarke was heavily fined, while the defiant 868:United Baptist Church, John Clarke Memorial 3785: 3771: 3512: 3498: 3219:The American Family of Rev. Obadiah Holmes 1075:and for the smaller neighboring island of 930:for questioning and were accused of being 525: 511: 43: 3883:(signers of "initial deed," October 1638) 3521:Colonial deputy governors of Rhode Island 19:For other people with the same name, see 3341: 3323: 3245: 3140:A History of the Baptists in New England 3103: 3081: 2899: 2851: 2822: 2738: 2339: 2305: 2293: 2041: 1900: 1861: 1834: 1822: 1779: 1755: 1743: 1719: 1704: 1689: 1665: 1650: 1638: 1508:And of the Civil Polity of Rhode Island 1447: 1265: 1240: 1189: 1185: 998: 901: 719: 3293: 3279: 3270: 3136: 3021:. Albany, New York: J. Munsell's Sons. 3018:Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island 2405: 2246: 2166: 2082: 2070: 2014: 1980: 1941: 1912: 1885: 1597:The complete title of Clarke's book is 943:John Clarke's Four Religious Principles 4280:English emigrants to the United States 4257: 3215: 3168: 3150: 3127: 3058: 3011: 2970: 2938: 2750: 2726: 2714: 2690: 2623: 2611: 2560: 2393: 2190: 2178: 2094: 1997: 1810: 1731: 1567:List of early settlers of Rhode Island 1512: 1496:Erected by the Newport Medical Society 882:(then in Plymouth Colony but later in 732:on 7 March 1638, and they drafted the 4315:Colonial agents of the British Empire 3766: 3493: 3226: 3035: 2992: 2950: 2926: 2911: 2866: 2839: 2810: 2798: 2786: 2774: 2762: 2702: 2671: 2659: 2647: 2635: 2596: 2584: 2572: 2545: 2526: 2514: 2502: 2490: 2478: 2461: 2446: 2434: 2422: 2381: 2369: 2354: 2322: 2258: 2234: 2219: 2202: 2154: 2142: 2130: 2118: 2106: 2058: 2026: 1968: 1953: 1873: 1846: 1791: 1767: 1677: 1157:, when rule of the country was under 1136: 3366: 3191: 2878: 1350:had told the crown that in 1644 the 544:minister, who was co-founder of the 4320:17th-century Protestant theologians 3172:The Life and Times of Samuel Gorton 1471:separation between church and state 1443: 1414: 873: 13: 3880:Original proprietors of Providence 1608: 1591: 1083:), with him as governor for life. 1059: 14: 4331: 4300:People from colonial Rhode Island 3383: 3273:Turning Points in Baptist History 3175:. George S. Ferguson Co. p. 1035:The Bloody Tenent Yet More Bloody 854:wrote that there were "professed 641:St Catharine's College, Cambridge 3870: 3477: 3465: 3453: 3441: 3429: 3286:. Providence: Knowles and Vose. 3137:Burrage, Henry Sweetser (1894). 494: 265: 2959: 2884: 2264: 1918: 1087:Repeal of Coddington Commission 897: 844:First Baptist Church in America 655: 4295:People from Westhorpe, Suffolk 4290:American Christian theologians 3294:Winship, Michael Paul (2002). 2993:Asher, Louis Franklin (1997). 1609: 1592: 1373: 1274:of 1663 was written by Clarke. 1050:First Baptist Church of Boston 830:Founding of the Newport church 686:, and proponents of so-called 559:, Holland. He arrived at the 340:Separation of church and state 1: 1619: 1332: 1143:Rhode Island's official agent 1007:was whipped in Boston in 1651 611: 55:(possible portrait of Clarke) 4310:17th-century philanthropists 3280:Staples, William R. (1843). 3110:The Story of Dr. John Clarke 1602:(London: Henry Hills, 1652) 1323:Constitution of Rhode Island 1262:Rhode Island's Royal Charter 1019: 21:John Clarke (disambiguation) 7: 4189:(Original purchasers, 1643) 3271:Shurden, Walter B. (2008). 3128:Bremer, Francis J. (1981). 1560: 637:George Andrews Moriarty, Jr 330:Priesthood of all believers 10: 4336: 3400:Thomas Lechford's notebook 3275:. Mercer University Press. 3222:. Columbus, Ohio: private. 1490:Newport Historical Society 1409:one of 16 colonial leaders 1327:American Revolutionary War 1280:Rhode Island Royal Charter 1277: 1272:Rhode Island Royal Charter 1199:Rhode Island Royal Charter 1113:Ill Newes from New England 842:which is now known as the 659: 630:Rhode Island Royal Charter 597:Rhode Island Royal Charter 18: 4242: 4185: 4116: 3986: 3951: 3879: 3868: 3800: 3527: 3246:Peterson, Edward (1853). 3216:Holmes, James T. (1915). 3105:Bicknell, Thomas Williams 3083:Bicknell, Thomas Williams 1928:, who stated in his 1738 1360:Kent County, Rhode Island 1044:, the first president of 965:Four Religious Principles 870:in honor of its founder. 713:, near his settlement of 645:Brasenose College, Oxford 236: 228: 222:(2) Jane (_____) Fletcher 216: 208: 188: 171: 166: 162: 150: 138: 128: 117: 105: 93: 83: 72: 64: 60: 42: 30: 4305:Rhode Island politicians 4285:American philanthropists 3348:The American Genealogist 3330:The American Genealogist 3252:. J. S. Taylor. p. 1582: 1523:Cambridge, Massachusetts 1464:In his will he set up a 878:In 1649, Clarke went to 866:and carries the name of 838:established a church in 672:Massachusetts Bay Colony 616:John Clarke was born at 561:Massachusetts Bay Colony 3592:Dominion of New England 3249:History of Rhode Island 3169:Gorton, Adelos (1907). 3036:Barry, John M. (2012). 1081:Jamestown, Rhode Island 979:, William Hibbins, and 884:Rehoboth, Massachusetts 864:Reformed Baptist Church 747:: Sowams (which became 501:Christianity portal 440:William Bullein Johnson 335:Individual soul liberty 224:(3) Sarah (_____) Davis 175:Baptized 8 October 1609 4078:Edward Hutchinson, Sr. 4042:Edward Hutchinson, Jr. 3987:Founders of Portsmouth 3059:Battis, Emery (1962). 1502:John Clarke, Physician 1457: 1318: 1304: 1293:the language from the 1275: 1246: 1202: 1008: 960: 907: 725: 715:Providence Plantations 676:Antinomian Controversy 662:Antinomian Controversy 565:Antinomian Controversy 483:Baptist World Alliance 3153:The Baptist Tradition 2972:Arnold, Samuel Greene 1451: 1309: 1299: 1269: 1244: 1195:Charles II of England 1193: 1186:Negotiating a charter 1002: 941: 905: 723: 699:Exeter, New Hampshire 577:Newport, Rhode Island 567:and decided to go to 478:Baptist denominations 435:James Robinson Graves 51:The Unknown Clergyman 3343:Moriarty, G. Andrews 3325:Moriarty, G. Andrews 3013:Austin, John Osborne 1486:Rhode Island College 1295:Declaration of Breda 783:, with Williams and 753:Warren, Rhode Island 220:(1) Elizabeth Harris 4186:Founders of Warwick 4117:Founders of Newport 3822:John Smith (miller) 3123:on 6 November 2014. 2801:, pp. 123–145. 2753:, pp. 211–212. 2563:, pp. 294–295. 1513:Ancestry and family 1352:Narragansett people 1232:Narragansett people 1026:Richard Saltonstall 912:Lynn, Massachusetts 766:Narragansett people 707:Narragansett people 688:"covenant of works" 680:"covenant of grace" 581:Lynn, Massachusetts 563:in 1637 during the 551:Clarke was born in 367:Freedom of religion 4128:William Coddington 4012:William Hutchinson 4002:William Coddington 3992:Portsmouth Compact 3952:Pawtuxet Claimants 3415:Article on charter 3165:(Internet Archive) 1876:, pp. 14, 35. 1519:Westhorpe, Suffolk 1506:Founder of Newport 1458: 1454:Thomas W. Bicknell 1386:Connecticut Colony 1276: 1247: 1227:John Winthrop, Jr. 1223:Connecticut Colony 1203: 1147:Particular Baptist 1137:Rhode Island agent 1065:William Coddington 1009: 977:Richard Bellingham 975:, and magistrates 908: 734:Portsmouth Compact 730:William Coddington 726: 666:Clarke arrived in 588:Connecticut Colony 553:Westhorpe, Suffolk 4252: 4251: 4022:William Aspinwall 3973:William Carpenter 3929:William Carpenter 3919:John Throckmorton 3852:William Carpenter 3760: 3759: 3157:. Text online in 3074:978-0-8078-0863-4 3051:978-0-14-312288-3 3044:. Penguin Group. 3028:978-0-8063-0006-1 2813:, pp. 90–91. 2765:, pp. 97–98. 2638:, pp. 83–84. 2493:, pp. 64–65. 2133:, pp. 60–61. 1794:, pp. 28–29. 1469:particularly the 1393:King Philip's War 1356:Washington County 1251:Earl of Clarendon 1211:Act of Uniformity 682:theology, led by 649:Leiden University 620:in the county of 604:of the notion of 535: 534: 352:Congregationalism 325:Believers' Church 240: 239: 4327: 4217:Richard Waterman 4190: 4121: 4073:William Baulston 4057:William Freeborn 3995: 3956: 3941:Richard Waterman 3896:Stukely Westcott 3884: 3874: 3873: 3805: 3787: 3780: 3773: 3764: 3763: 3514: 3507: 3500: 3491: 3490: 3482: 3481: 3480: 3470: 3469: 3458: 3457: 3456: 3446: 3445: 3444: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3425: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3356: 3338: 3313: 3301: 3290: 3276: 3267: 3262: 3260: 3242: 3223: 3212: 3188: 3156: 3147: 3133: 3124: 3122: 3115: 3100: 3078: 3066: 3055: 3043: 3032: 3008: 2989: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2549: 2543: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2465: 2459: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2409: 2403: 2397: 2391: 2385: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2358: 2352: 2343: 2337: 2326: 2320: 2309: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2268: 2262: 2256: 2250: 2244: 2238: 2232: 2223: 2217: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2128: 2122: 2116: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2074: 2068: 2062: 2056: 2045: 2039: 2030: 2024: 2018: 2012: 2001: 1995: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1957: 1951: 1945: 1939: 1933: 1922: 1916: 1910: 1904: 1898: 1889: 1883: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1832: 1826: 1820: 1814: 1808: 1795: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1759: 1753: 1747: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1717: 1708: 1702: 1693: 1687: 1681: 1675: 1669: 1663: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1636: 1613: 1596: 1444:Death and legacy 1415:Church divisions 983:. The Reverend 967: 874:Baptist activism 824:Samuel G. Arnold 757:Aquidneck Island 711:Narragansett Bay 569:Aquidneck Island 527: 520: 513: 499: 498: 430:Charles Spurgeon 385:List of Baptists 269: 260: 258: 242: 241: 195: 167:Personal details 153: 141: 122: 108: 96: 77: 65:3rd and 5th 47: 28: 27: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4325: 4324: 4255: 4254: 4253: 4248: 4238: 4188: 4187: 4181: 4146:William Brenton 4140:John Coggeshall 4134:Nicholas Easton 4119: 4118: 4112: 4062:Philip Shearman 4017:John Coggeshall 3994:, 7 March 1638) 3989: 3988: 3982: 3968:Benedict Arnold 3954: 3953: 3947: 3944:Ezekiel Holyman 3882: 3881: 3875: 3866: 3847:Benedict Arnold 3803: 3802: 3796: 3791: 3761: 3756: 3523: 3518: 3488: 3478: 3476: 3464: 3454: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3420: 3396:, 28 April 2011 3386: 3373: 3371: 3310: 3258: 3256: 3239: 3209: 3145:Obadiah Holmes. 3120: 3113: 3075: 3052: 3029: 3005: 2962: 2957: 2949: 2945: 2937: 2933: 2925: 2918: 2910: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2877: 2873: 2865: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2829: 2821: 2817: 2809: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2785: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2749: 2745: 2741:, p. 1022. 2737: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2713: 2709: 2701: 2697: 2689: 2678: 2670: 2666: 2658: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2634: 2630: 2622: 2618: 2610: 2603: 2595: 2591: 2583: 2579: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2552: 2544: 2533: 2525: 2521: 2513: 2509: 2501: 2497: 2489: 2485: 2477: 2468: 2460: 2453: 2445: 2441: 2433: 2429: 2421: 2412: 2404: 2400: 2392: 2388: 2380: 2376: 2368: 2361: 2353: 2346: 2338: 2329: 2321: 2312: 2304: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2269: 2265: 2257: 2253: 2245: 2241: 2233: 2226: 2218: 2209: 2201: 2197: 2189: 2185: 2177: 2173: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2149: 2141: 2137: 2129: 2125: 2117: 2113: 2105: 2101: 2093: 2089: 2081: 2077: 2069: 2065: 2057: 2048: 2040: 2033: 2025: 2021: 2013: 2004: 1996: 1987: 1979: 1975: 1967: 1960: 1952: 1948: 1940: 1936: 1923: 1919: 1911: 1907: 1899: 1892: 1884: 1880: 1872: 1868: 1860: 1853: 1845: 1841: 1833: 1829: 1821: 1817: 1809: 1798: 1790: 1786: 1778: 1774: 1766: 1762: 1754: 1750: 1742: 1738: 1730: 1726: 1718: 1711: 1703: 1696: 1688: 1684: 1676: 1672: 1664: 1657: 1649: 1645: 1637: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1585: 1563: 1542:Plymouth Colony 1515: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1446: 1417: 1381:Benedict Arnold 1376: 1368:William Brenton 1364:Samuel Maverick 1335: 1314:Benedict Arnold 1282: 1264: 1236:Narraganset Bay 1188: 1163:Oliver Cromwell 1139: 1116: 1089: 1062: 1060:Time in England 1046:Harvard College 1022: 981:Increase Nowell 969: 962: 944: 900: 876: 832: 796:Anne Hutchinson 761:Plymouth Colony 745:Narraganset Bay 664: 658: 614: 593:King Charles II 531: 493: 488: 487: 473: 465: 464: 400:Thomas Grantham 380: 372: 371: 315:Baptist beliefs 310: 302: 301: 277: 256: 254: 223: 221: 197: 193: 176: 151: 145:Nicholas Easton 139: 133:Benedict Arnold 123: 118: 112:Nicholas Easton 106: 100:Nicholas Easton 94: 88:Benedict Arnold 78: 73: 56: 54: 38: 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4333: 4323: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4250: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4236: 4235:Nicholas Power 4233: 4232:William Wodell 4230: 4227: 4226:Samson Shotten 4224: 4223:Richard Carder 4221: 4218: 4215: 4210: 4209:Francis Weston 4207: 4204: 4199: 4197:Randall Holden 4193: 4191: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4179: 4178:(Elder; clerk) 4173: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4131: 4124: 4122: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4110: 4108:John Brightman 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4088:Randall Holden 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4069:Richard Carder 4067: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4027:Samuel Wilbore 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3998: 3996: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3963:William Arnold 3959: 3957: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3938:Francis Weston 3936: 3931: 3926: 3924:William Harris 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3903: 3901:William Arnold 3898: 3893: 3891:Roger Williams 3887: 3885: 3877: 3876: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3864: 3862:Thomas Hopkins 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3842:William Arnold 3839: 3834: 3829: 3827:Francis Wickes 3824: 3819: 3817:William Harris 3814: 3812:Roger Williams 3808: 3806: 3798: 3797: 3790: 3789: 3782: 3775: 3767: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3528: 3525: 3524: 3517: 3516: 3509: 3502: 3494: 3487: 3486: 3474: 3462: 3450: 3438: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3385: 3384:External links 3382: 3381: 3380: 3361:Online sources 3358: 3357: 3339: 3315: 3314: 3308: 3291: 3277: 3268: 3243: 3238:978-0271028156 3237: 3224: 3213: 3207: 3193:Hall, David D. 3189: 3166: 3148: 3134: 3125: 3101: 3079: 3073: 3056: 3050: 3033: 3027: 3009: 3003: 2990: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2955: 2953:, p. 103. 2943: 2931: 2916: 2904: 2892: 2883: 2871: 2856: 2844: 2827: 2815: 2803: 2791: 2789:, p. 102. 2779: 2777:, p. 100. 2767: 2755: 2743: 2731: 2729:, p. 136. 2719: 2717:, p. 387. 2707: 2695: 2676: 2664: 2652: 2640: 2628: 2626:, p. 294. 2616: 2614:, p. 284. 2601: 2589: 2577: 2565: 2550: 2531: 2519: 2507: 2495: 2483: 2466: 2451: 2439: 2427: 2410: 2398: 2386: 2374: 2359: 2344: 2342:, p. 987. 2327: 2310: 2308:, p. 983. 2298: 2296:, p. 982. 2286: 2263: 2251: 2239: 2224: 2207: 2205:, p. 356. 2195: 2183: 2171: 2159: 2147: 2135: 2123: 2111: 2099: 2087: 2075: 2063: 2046: 2031: 2019: 2002: 2000:, p. 104. 1985: 1973: 1958: 1946: 1934: 1930:Century Sermon 1926:John Callender 1917: 1915:, p. iii. 1905: 1890: 1878: 1866: 1864:, p. 993. 1851: 1839: 1837:, p. 980. 1827: 1825:, p. 976. 1815: 1796: 1784: 1772: 1760: 1758:, p. 975. 1748: 1736: 1734:, p. 231. 1724: 1709: 1694: 1682: 1680:, p. 168. 1670: 1655: 1643: 1641:, p. 131. 1623: 1621: 1618: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1562: 1559: 1514: 1511: 1494: 1482:SS John Clarke 1445: 1442: 1434:Obadiah Holmes 1416: 1413: 1375: 1372: 1358:and a part of 1334: 1331: 1278:Main article: 1263: 1260: 1187: 1184: 1176:William Harris 1167:Lord Protector 1138: 1135: 1115: 1110: 1093:William Arnold 1088: 1085: 1061: 1058: 1030:Roger Williams 1021: 1018: 1014:Joseph Jenckes 1005:Obadiah Holmes 942: 940: 916:Obadiah Holmes 899: 896: 888:Obadiah Holmes 875: 872: 836:Roger Williams 831: 828: 790:Clarke joined 785:Randall Holden 703:Roger Williams 657: 654: 613: 610: 533: 532: 530: 529: 522: 515: 507: 504: 503: 490: 489: 486: 485: 480: 474: 471: 470: 467: 466: 463: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 420:Shubal Stearns 417: 412: 407: 405:Roger Williams 402: 397: 392: 387: 381: 378: 377: 374: 373: 370: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 346:Sola scriptura 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 311: 308: 307: 304: 303: 300: 299: 294: 289: 284: 278: 275: 274: 271: 270: 262: 261: 251: 250: 238: 237: 234: 233: 230: 226: 225: 218: 214: 213: 210: 206: 205: 196:(aged 66) 190: 186: 185: 173: 169: 168: 164: 163: 160: 159: 154: 148: 147: 142: 136: 135: 130: 126: 125: 115: 114: 109: 103: 102: 97: 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 70: 69: 62: 61: 58: 57: 48: 40: 39: 36: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4332: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4246: 4241: 4234: 4231: 4229:Robert Potter 4228: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4213:Samuel Gorton 4211: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4184: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4164:Thomas Hazard 4162: 4159: 4158:Jeremy Clarke 4156: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4115: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4093:Thomas Clarke 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4047:Thomas Savage 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3985: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3950: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3878: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3832:Thomas Angell 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3799: 3795: 3788: 3783: 3781: 3776: 3774: 3769: 3768: 3765: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3510: 3508: 3503: 3501: 3496: 3495: 3492: 3485: 3475: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3461: 3451: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3436:United States 3427: 3426: 3423: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3363: 3362: 3354: 3350: 3349: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3331: 3326: 3322: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3311: 3309:0-691-08943-4 3305: 3300: 3299: 3292: 3289: 3288:1640 compact. 3285: 3284: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3266: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3244: 3240: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3221: 3220: 3214: 3210: 3208:0-8223-1091-0 3204: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3154: 3149: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3119: 3112: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3070: 3065: 3064: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3042: 3041: 3034: 3030: 3024: 3020: 3019: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3004:0-8059-4040-5 3000: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2968: 2967: 2966: 2952: 2947: 2941:, p. 63. 2940: 2935: 2929:, p. 96. 2928: 2923: 2921: 2913: 2908: 2902:, p. 72. 2901: 2900:Moriarty 1948 2896: 2887: 2880: 2875: 2869:, p. 90. 2868: 2863: 2861: 2854:, p. 72. 2853: 2852:Peterson 1853 2848: 2842:, p. 89. 2841: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2825:, p. 11. 2824: 2823:Bicknell 2005 2819: 2812: 2807: 2800: 2795: 2788: 2783: 2776: 2771: 2764: 2759: 2752: 2747: 2740: 2739:Bicknell 1920 2735: 2728: 2723: 2716: 2711: 2705:, p. 93. 2704: 2699: 2693:, p. 46. 2692: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2674:, p. 85. 2673: 2668: 2662:, p. 90. 2661: 2656: 2650:, p. 85. 2649: 2644: 2637: 2632: 2625: 2620: 2613: 2608: 2606: 2599:, p. 83. 2598: 2593: 2587:, p. 81. 2586: 2581: 2575:, p. 80. 2574: 2569: 2562: 2557: 2555: 2548:, p. 82. 2547: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2529:, p. 79. 2528: 2523: 2517:, p. 78. 2516: 2511: 2505:, p. 66. 2504: 2499: 2492: 2487: 2481:, p. 78. 2480: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2464:, p. 77. 2463: 2458: 2456: 2449:, p. 76. 2448: 2443: 2437:, p. 55. 2436: 2431: 2425:, p. 75. 2424: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2408:, p. 26. 2407: 2402: 2395: 2390: 2383: 2378: 2372:, p. 50. 2371: 2366: 2364: 2357:, p. 51. 2356: 2351: 2349: 2341: 2340:Bicknell 1920 2336: 2334: 2332: 2325:, p. 71. 2324: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2307: 2306:Bicknell 1920 2302: 2295: 2294:Bicknell 1920 2290: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2261:, p. 64. 2260: 2255: 2249:, p. 37. 2248: 2243: 2237:, p. 65. 2236: 2231: 2229: 2222:, p. 66. 2221: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2204: 2199: 2193:, p. 22. 2192: 2187: 2181:, p. 21. 2180: 2175: 2169:, p. 36. 2168: 2163: 2157:, p. 62. 2156: 2151: 2145:, p. 61. 2144: 2139: 2132: 2127: 2121:, p. 60. 2120: 2115: 2109:, p. 59. 2108: 2103: 2097:, p. 19. 2096: 2091: 2085:, p. 35. 2084: 2079: 2073:, p. 34. 2072: 2067: 2061:, p. 47. 2060: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2044:, p. 48. 2043: 2042:Bicknell 2005 2038: 2036: 2029:, p. 45. 2028: 2023: 2017:, p. 33. 2016: 2011: 2009: 2007: 1999: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1983:, p. 27. 1982: 1977: 1971:, p. 44. 1970: 1965: 1963: 1956:, p. 43. 1955: 1950: 1944:, p. 26. 1943: 1938: 1931: 1927: 1921: 1914: 1909: 1903:, p. 47. 1902: 1901:Bicknell 2005 1897: 1895: 1888:, p. 25. 1887: 1882: 1875: 1870: 1863: 1862:Bicknell 1920 1858: 1856: 1849:, p. 35. 1848: 1843: 1836: 1835:Bicknell 1920 1831: 1824: 1823:Bicknell 1920 1819: 1813:, p. 45. 1812: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1793: 1788: 1782:, p. 52. 1781: 1780:Bicknell 2005 1776: 1770:, p. 28. 1769: 1764: 1757: 1756:Bicknell 1920 1752: 1746:, p. 56. 1745: 1744:Bicknell 2005 1740: 1733: 1728: 1722:, p. 46. 1721: 1720:Bicknell 2005 1716: 1714: 1707:, p. 43. 1706: 1705:Bicknell 2005 1701: 1699: 1692:, p. 42. 1691: 1690:Bicknell 2005 1686: 1679: 1674: 1668:, p. 25. 1667: 1666:Bicknell 2005 1662: 1660: 1653:, p. xx. 1652: 1651:Bicknell 2005 1647: 1640: 1639:Moriarty 1943 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1624: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1558: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1533: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1509: 1498:December 1885 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1455: 1450: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1423: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1382: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1348:Samuel Gorton 1343: 1341: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1317: 1315: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1296: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1273: 1268: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1183: 1179: 1177: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1123: 1121: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1102: 1099: 1094: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1042:Henry Dunster 1038: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1017: 1015: 1006: 1001: 997: 993: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 973:Thomas Dudley 968: 966: 963:—John Clarke 959: 955: 951: 947: 939: 937: 933: 929: 928:John Endicott 924: 921: 920:John Crandall 917: 913: 904: 895: 891: 889: 885: 881: 871: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 852:John Winthrop 849: 845: 841: 837: 827: 825: 819: 817: 813: 807: 805: 801: 797: 793: 788: 786: 782: 778: 775: 771: 767: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 741: 739: 735: 731: 722: 718: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 695: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 663: 653: 650: 646: 642: 638: 633: 631: 625: 623: 619: 609: 607: 601: 598: 594: 589: 584: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 549: 547: 543: 539: 528: 523: 521: 516: 514: 509: 508: 506: 505: 502: 497: 492: 491: 484: 481: 479: 476: 475: 472:Organizations 469: 468: 461: 460:James P Boyce 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 445:William Carey 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 425:Andrew Fuller 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 395:Thomas Helwys 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 382: 376: 375: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 347: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 312: 306: 305: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 287:Protestantism 285: 283: 280: 279: 273: 272: 268: 264: 263: 259: 253: 252: 248: 244: 243: 235: 231: 227: 219: 215: 211: 209:Resting place 207: 204: 200: 192:20 April 1676 191: 187: 183: 179: 174: 170: 165: 161: 158: 157:John Cranston 155: 149: 146: 143: 137: 134: 131: 127: 121: 116: 113: 110: 104: 101: 98: 92: 89: 86: 82: 76: 71: 68: 63: 59: 53: 52: 46: 41: 34: 29: 26: 22: 4244: 4176:William Dyre 4151: 4107: 4103:William Hall 4102: 4098:John Johnson 4097: 4092: 4052:William Dyre 4037:John Sanford 4006: 3990:(signers of 3978:Robert Coles 3934:Thomas Olney 3909:Robert Coles 3905:Thomas James 3857:William Mann 3837:Joshua Verin 3551: 3541: 3472:Christianity 3460:Rhode Island 3394:Boston Globe 3393: 3372:. Retrieved 3360: 3359: 3352: 3346: 3334: 3328: 3317: 3316: 3297: 3287: 3282: 3272: 3264: 3257:. Retrieved 3248: 3228: 3218: 3197: 3171: 3158: 3155:, Arno Press 3152: 3144: 3139: 3129: 3118:the original 3109: 3087: 3062: 3039: 3017: 2994: 2976: 2964: 2963: 2960:Bibliography 2946: 2934: 2914:, p. 3. 2907: 2895: 2886: 2874: 2847: 2818: 2806: 2794: 2782: 2770: 2758: 2746: 2734: 2722: 2710: 2698: 2667: 2655: 2643: 2631: 2619: 2592: 2580: 2568: 2522: 2510: 2498: 2486: 2442: 2430: 2406:Shurden 2008 2401: 2396:, p. 6. 2389: 2384:, p. 5. 2377: 2301: 2289: 2266: 2254: 2247:Burrage 1894 2242: 2198: 2186: 2174: 2167:Burrage 1894 2162: 2150: 2138: 2126: 2114: 2102: 2090: 2083:Burrage 1894 2078: 2071:Burrage 1894 2066: 2022: 2015:Burrage 1894 1981:Burrage 1894 1976: 1949: 1942:Burrage 1894 1937: 1929: 1920: 1913:Staples 1843 1908: 1886:Burrage 1894 1881: 1869: 1842: 1830: 1818: 1787: 1775: 1763: 1751: 1739: 1727: 1685: 1673: 1646: 1610: 1605: 1604: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1587: 1534: 1530:Bedfordshire 1527: 1516: 1495: 1479: 1475: 1463: 1459: 1430:Sabbatarians 1427: 1418: 1390: 1377: 1344: 1339: 1336: 1319: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1256: 1248: 1234:west of the 1220: 1216: 1204: 1180: 1152: 1140: 1130: 1126: 1124: 1119: 1117: 1112: 1103: 1098:William Dyer 1090: 1063: 1053: 1039: 1034: 1023: 1010: 994: 970: 964: 961: 956: 952: 948: 945: 925: 909: 898:Imprisonment 892: 877: 848:Rhode Island 833: 820: 808: 789: 742: 727: 696: 694:and others. 665: 656:Rhode Island 634: 626: 615: 606:soul-liberty 602: 585: 550: 537: 536: 409: 344: 282:Christianity 203:Rhode Island 194:(1676-04-20) 152:Succeeded by 119: 107:Succeeded by 74: 49: 33:The Reverend 25: 4270:1676 deaths 4265:1609 births 4220:John Warner 4206:John Wickes 4202:John Greene 4152:John Clarke 4066:John Walker 4032:John Porter 4007:John Clarke 3914:John Greene 3712:Nichols Jr. 3702:Nichols Jr. 3697:Whipple III 3677:Whipple Jr. 3667:Whipple Jr. 3448:New England 2939:Austin 1887 2751:Austin 1887 2727:Gorton 1907 2715:Arnold 1859 2691:Austin 1887 2624:Arnold 1859 2612:Arnold 1859 2561:Arnold 1859 2394:Clarke 1652 2191:Holmes 1915 2179:Holmes 1915 2095:Holmes 1915 1998:Austin 1887 1811:Austin 1887 1732:Battis 1962 1554:Long Island 1374:Civil roles 1340:The Sisters 1155:Interregnum 1141:Clarke was 989:John Wilson 985:John Cotton 936:Pedobaptist 932:Anabaptists 856:Anabaptists 692:John Wilson 684:John Cotton 538:John Clarke 450:Luther Rice 415:John Bunyan 410:John Clarke 379:Key figures 320:Confessions 140:Preceded by 95:Preceded by 37:John Clarke 4259:Categories 4170:Henry Bull 4083:Henry Bull 3732:Wanton Jr. 3722:Wanton Jr. 3597:Coggeshall 3587:Coggeshall 3562:Coddington 2951:James 1999 2927:James 1999 2912:James 1999 2867:Asher 1997 2840:Asher 1997 2811:Asher 1997 2799:James 1999 2787:James 1999 2775:James 1999 2763:James 1999 2703:James 1999 2672:Asher 1997 2660:James 1999 2648:James 1999 2636:Asher 1997 2597:Asher 1997 2585:James 1999 2573:James 1999 2546:James 1999 2527:James 1999 2515:James 1999 2503:James 1999 2491:James 1999 2479:Asher 1997 2462:Asher 1997 2447:Asher 1997 2435:James 1999 2423:Asher 1997 2382:Asher 1997 2370:James 1999 2355:James 1999 2323:Asher 1997 2279:Portsmouth 2271:Providence 2259:Asher 1997 2235:Asher 1997 2220:Asher 1997 2203:Barry 2012 2155:Asher 1997 2143:Asher 1997 2131:Asher 1997 2119:Asher 1997 2107:Asher 1997 2059:James 1999 2027:James 1999 1969:James 1999 1954:James 1999 1874:Asher 1997 1847:Asher 1997 1792:Asher 1997 1768:Asher 1997 1678:James 1999 1620:References 1550:George Fox 1452:Historian 1405:Wampanoags 1333:Later life 1207:Charles II 1159:Parliament 1106:Henry Vane 840:Providence 781:Miantonomi 749:Barrington 709:along the 660:See also: 612:Early life 573:Portsmouth 390:John Smyth 357:Ordinances 297:Anabaptism 292:Puritanism 276:Background 229:Occupation 3692:R. Hazard 3662:W. Greene 3647:G. Hazard 3607:W. Clarke 3602:J. Greene 3582:W. Clarke 3567:J. Easton 3552:J. Clarke 3547:N. Easton 3542:J. Clarke 3537:N. Easton 3374:27 August 3337:(3): 131. 3163:pp. 1–113 2986:712634101 2879:USMM 2002 1504:1609–1676 1397:Metacomet 1225:Governor 1205:In 1660, 1127:Ill Newes 1077:Conanicut 1073:Aquidneck 1020:Aftermath 950:baptism. 834:In 1638, 777:Canonicus 690:, led by 618:Westhorpe 455:John Gill 217:Spouse(s) 184:, England 178:Westhorpe 124:1671–1673 120:In office 79:1669–1670 75:In office 3752:Bradford 3742:Sessions 3682:Robinson 3672:Robinson 3572:Cranston 3557:Cranston 3355:(2): 72. 3318:Articles 3195:(1990). 3107:(2005). 3085:(1920). 3015:(1887). 2974:(1859). 1561:See also 309:Doctrine 257:Baptists 247:a series 245:Part of 129:Governor 84:Governor 4245:Italics 4172:(Elder) 4166:(Elder) 4160:(Elder) 4154:(Elder) 4148:(Elder) 4142:(Elder) 4136:(Elder) 4130:(Judge) 3717:Gardner 3707:Gardner 3657:R. Ward 3632:Nichols 3627:Jenckes 3617:Jenckes 3532:Brenton 3484:England 3422:Portals 3259:26 June 3185:4669474 3097:1953313 2283:Warwick 2275:Newport 1540:in the 1538:Hyannis 1492:reads: 1438:Quakers 1422:Hebrews 1403:of the 1165:as the 1079:(later 880:Seekonk 860:Newport 812:Warwick 804:Newport 792:William 774:sachems 670:in the 622:Suffolk 542:Baptist 362:Offices 199:Newport 182:Suffolk 3804:(1636) 3687:Ellery 3652:Abbott 3642:Wanton 3622:Wanton 3577:Barker 3306: 3235: 3205: 3183: 3095: 3071: 3048: 3025: 3001: 2984: 2281:, and 1546:Quaker 1401:sachem 918:, and 800:others 770:wampum 755:) and 738:23 men 668:Boston 557:Leiden 3747:Cooke 3737:Cooke 3727:Brown 3392:from 3121:(PDF) 3114:(PDF) 2965:Books 1583:Notes 1552:from 1466:trust 3637:Frye 3376:2015 3304:ISBN 3261:2010 3233:ISBN 3203:ISBN 3181:OCLC 3093:OCLC 3069:ISBN 3046:ISBN 3023:ISBN 2999:ISBN 2982:OCLC 1270:The 1249:The 1161:and 794:and 779:and 751:and 575:and 189:Died 172:Born 3612:Tew 3254:144 4261:: 3353:24 3351:. 3335:19 3333:. 3263:. 3179:. 3177:38 2919:^ 2859:^ 2830:^ 2679:^ 2604:^ 2553:^ 2534:^ 2469:^ 2454:^ 2413:^ 2362:^ 2347:^ 2330:^ 2313:^ 2277:, 2273:, 2227:^ 2210:^ 2049:^ 2034:^ 2005:^ 1988:^ 1961:^ 1893:^ 1854:^ 1799:^ 1712:^ 1697:^ 1658:^ 1627:^ 1606:b. 1589:a. 1500:To 1440:. 1399:, 1297:: 1178:. 818:. 249:on 201:, 180:, 3786:e 3779:t 3772:v 3513:e 3506:t 3499:v 3424:: 3378:. 3312:. 3241:. 3211:. 3187:. 3099:. 3077:. 3054:. 3031:. 3007:. 2988:. 2881:. 1201:. 526:e 519:t 512:v 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

John Clarke (Baptist minister)

Index