834:(or "Annals of Salzburg") after an oral spread among the lower clergymen. On the other hand, Tamás Körmendi argues the ambiguous letter was subscribed as a result of a subsequent insertion. It is possible that Boncompagno heard the story in the Roman Curia and incorporated it into his rhetoric dissertation and textbook (published in 1235, the first written source of John's alleged letter). Both Boncompagno and Alberic mention that Andrew accused John of participating in the murder before the Holy See. However Pope Innocent, pointing out the correct use of commas, acquitted the archbishop from the charges. These references emphasize the letter's unintended ambiguity and, thus, John's approval of murder. Körmendi emphasizes the historiographical doubts regarding the authenticity of the letter, as John retained his influence in the upcoming years after the assassination. It is also unlikely that John's proverb was revealed after his active political role, as the anecdote's other protagonist Pope Innocent III died on 16 July 1216. Furthermore, Körmendi argues the preservation of the letter would have been irrational step, moreover the majority of the Hungarian nobility were illiterate during that time. Already 19th-century historian László Nogáll doubted the authenticity of the anecdote.
608:
candidacy was also supported by Duke Andrew, but the majority of the canons and the suffragan bishops (excepting John of Nyitra) did not recognize the legitimacy of the election. Andrew sent a letter around
February 1205 to Innocent to request the confirmation of Kalán, who was considered Andrew's loyal partisan during his struggles against the late Emeric. Formerly Kalán had numerous scandals; for instance, he was accused of incestuous relationship with his niece, but the investigation conducted by his six fellow bishops cleared him. Nevertheless, Innocent refused to confirm Kalán's election, because of shortcomings in the election process. In his letter to the chapter (22 June 1205), Innocent ordered the canons to elect or unanimously nominate their archbishop within a month, and obtain the support of the suffragan bishops too, "if it is required" in Hungary. If they fail to do it, the pope himself will appoint an archbishop to administer the province, as the letter wrote. In June 1205 (before receiving the pope's order), the chapter summoned and nominated John as archbishop again, in accordance with the 22 November 1204 instructions. Three suffragan bishops, Boleslaus, Kalanda and
604:
tone to the pope to inform him about developments and to promise that he will continue Emeric's launched measures, including the support of John's candidacy. He urged the pope to transfer John "without delay". By that time, on 22 November 1204, Pope
Innocent III ordered both sides to send their representatives to Rome to deadline of 7 February 1205. The pope was infuriated by the fact that John had celebrated the coronation of Ladislaus III, violating the privileges of Esztergom (which also strengthened the arguments of the canons' representatives). Innocent postponed the decision to February 1205 and encouraged the parties to conclude a compromise, thus the pope refused to confirm John's nomination for the time being.
868:'s vow to lead a crusade and wished to leave his family and the realm in the care of Archbishop John. Innocent refused that as John took part in the ecumenical council in 1215, along with Berthold, six Hungarian and three Dalmatian bishops. When Pope Honorius III once again called upon Andrew to fulfill his father's vow to lead a crusade in July 1216, the king, who had postponed the crusade at least three times (in 1201, 1209 and 1213), finally agreed. Departing from Hungary in July 1217, Andrew II appointed John as regent to govern the kingdom during the
922:, who arrived to Hungary with Queen Yolanda, as Bishop of Pécs in 1219. The canons of the cathedral chapter of Pécs attempted to prevent Bartholomew's installation by stating that he was too young for this position. Pope Honorius punished John with sanctions because of his involvement in the appointment, prohibiting the free use of the archdiocese's income and his right of consecration in the Diocese of Pécs. Accordingly, John had to ask for permission to cover the necessary expenses from the pope's two appointed trustees, bishops
613:
even Andrew (now as king) acquiesced in that decision. Following that the chapter sent their five-member delegation to the Roman Curia, also delivering the king's support message. However Kalán's supporters again nominated their patron, excluding the rivals from the controversial procedure. They referred to
Innocent's second letter (it has since arrived to the realm), which provided for the holding of new election. John's supporters lost their eligibility for election, when rejected to attend, they argued.
838:
725:
of his charters. He distributed large portions of the royal domain—royal castles and all estates attached to them—as inheritable grants to his supporters, declaring that "the best measure of a royal grant is its being immeasurable". In addition to the
Hungarian lords, his "new institutions" altered the relations between the royal court and the prelacy, whose secular influence has decreased due to the increasingly enormous wealth of the laic power sphere. Furthermore, the employment of
476:. However Job's successor, archbishop-elect Ugrin Csák died before the coronation. As a result, the event was performed by John of Kalocsa on 26 August 1204. The dying king set his brother free and made him regent for the period of Ladislaus's minority. On 30 November 1204, King Emeric died, and Ladislaus III succeeded him. Pope Innocent sent a letter to Duke Andrew, warning him to respect the child king's interests. In April 1205, the pope sent a letter to John, who became
617:
candidate", but John was supported with convincing proportions both times during the assemblies. The pope also emphasized that he did not intend to appoint a foreign prelate. John was allowed to relocate his pallium from
Kalocsa to Esztergom. On 14 October, Innocent sent a letter for reassurance of the Chapter of Kalocsa. He assured the canons that the archdiocese' dignity and rights will not undermined. John was succeeded as Archbishop of Kalocsa by
341:
828:", can be roughly translated into "Kill Queen you must not fear will be good if all agree I do not oppose". The meaning is highly dependent on punctuation: either the speaker wishes a queen killed ("Kill Queen, you must not fear, will be good if all agree, I do not oppose") or not ("Kill Queen you must not, fear will be good, if all agree I do not, oppose"). Historian László Veszprémy considers the anecdote first appeared in the
880:
Hungary. According to Andrew's letter, John was obedient to morality rather than rebelled lords' demands and "wickedness", thus he was imprisoned and exiled "in the midst of great injustice and shame", while his wealth was confiscated by "these tyrants". John spent months of exile until Andrew's return. The king emphasized John and his canons' steadfast fidelity and bravery. As compensation, Andrew donated the vineyards of
403:
966:, when described the events. This archbishop may have been John, at whose seat in Esztergom there was a provostry erected in the honour of Thomas Becket. Due to John's advanced age, historian Gábor Thoroczkay considers Walter's narration refers to Ugrin Csák of Kalocsa, who was much younger than John. Beside John or Ugrin, Desiderius of Csanád also attended the celebration, who was robbed by burghers of
593:
370:
John has not achieved substantial success; the pope expressed his disappointment that did not hear of any positive developments in his letter to Emeric in the next year. On 25 February 1204, Innocent entrusted his
Bulgarian legate Cardinal Leo Brancaleoni to extend his operation over Serbia too. In 1205, John sought to merge the "heretic" diocese in the "land of the sons of
365:) and the Roman Catholic Church. After Emeric's successful military campaign, Pope Innocent assigned the territory of Serbia as a suffragan diocese to the Archbishopric of Kalocsa. On 22 March 1203, the pope appointed John as the papal representative of the issue and sent to the court of the Hungarian vassal Vukan, Grand Prince of Serbia. John was mandated to negotiate in
234:. By the end of the year, his election was confirmed by the newly elected Pope Innocent, who had cordial and cooperative relationship with John. They corresponded with each other in numerous canonical and administrative affairs, which affected the daily operation of the Diocese of Csanád. For instance, John reported that several clergymen and deacons violated the law of
38:
522:), the canons' procedure was necessary as John was already consecrated as bishop. In this case, the pope had the right to transfer the prelate from a diocese to another one. The dispute over the fill the position of Archbishop of Esztergom became a precedential event in the legal history of the Church, as the case and the following
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Innocent confirmed his dignity's right of the coronation of the
Hungarian monarch in 1209. However Berthold used his family relationships and influence in the royal court to put John under pressure. Amidst these circumstances, John was inclined to reach agreement in 1211: the two archbishops entrusted
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Upon hearing of the pope's decision, some members of the
Cathedral Chapter of Esztergom gathered and withdrew their support from John, who also lost his strongest promoter, King Emeric. Around December 1204 or January 1205, they elected Kalán Bár-Kalán for the position of Archbishop of Esztergom. His
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between the king and his younger brother, and stayed away from the secular affairs. Meanwhile, John was considered a loyal partisan of Emeric. Some scholars argue Job pronouncedly turned against the monarch and joined Duke Andrew's court, as Emeric referred to Job as his "enemy" in his letter to Pope
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from the chapter due to John's behaviour. The controversial relationship between the royal court and the archdiocese is well represented by that royal donation, when Andrew gifted annually 100 silver denari to the chapter to commemorate his coronation since 1206. As another example, the king granted
724:
John's relationship with Andrew II and his courtiers was ambiguous and fluctuating due to his former pro-Emeric standpoint and the confrontation against
Berthold of Merania. After his accession to the throne, Andrew introduced a new policy for royal grants, which he called "new institutions" in one
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to
Esztergom, but John had to waive his all right (i.e. superintendence over the royal churches, abbeys and provostries, ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the royal officials) in the territory of the church province of Kalocsa, in accordance with the proposal. The theses of the document was promoted
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expressed to support John without reservations, while John of Nyitra was forced to write a letter to Innocent, in which he stated that he will withdraw his support from Kalán if the pope does not accept his protegee's nomination. Among the prelates, only Kalán contested the outcome of the election,
926:
and his old antipode Robert of Veszprém. However an official inquiry ordered by the Holy See ascertained that the new bishop had already attained 30 years, the age required by canon law. After that John was acquitted of the charges and regained the right to financial supervision. In the same year,
859:
his younger son Coloman as king of Galicia. Coloman was crowned by John with the pope's authorization possibly in early 1216. Pope Honorius mentioned in a letter in 1222 that John had crowned Coloman "with the blessing of the Holy See", but the circumstances of the ceremony are unknown. Around the
427:
Innocent around 1202, when offered the royal provostries and abbeys under the supervision of Esztergom to Rome directly. Under these conditions, the rivalry between Esztergom and Kalocsa became part of a wider secular power struggle in Hungary. An episode of this conflict was recorded, when Job's
369:
and convert Vukan, the Serbian courtiers, noblemen and clergy, releasing them from obedience to the Patriarch. Pope Innocent simultaneously sent a letter to Vukan, where he declared that the arriving John negotiates on his behalf and represents the interests of the Roman Curia. In this assignment,
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and John crowned Yolanda queen consort. In response, Robert sent a complaint to Pope Innocent III, because the coronation of the queens consort in Hungary had been traditionally the privilege of his see, according to his narration. After Robert's personal visit in Rome, the pope sent two legates,
693:
John also had a tense relationship with Robert of Veszprém since the 1210s. Robert was the main preparer and submitter to the draft, which sought to reduce the privileges of Esztergom, despite that John was his metropolitan archbishop. They had conflicts in the subject of superintendence over the
603:
However the political situation changed when Emeric died on 30 November 1204. Duke Andrew, who governed the kingdom as his nephew's regent, had a tense relationship with Innocent, who has always been opposed to his rebellions against his brother. Andrew immediately sent a letter with discourteous
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since early 1204). The four bishops, in addition of his origin outside the ecclesiastical province of Esztergom, also recalled John's activity as Archbishop of Kalocsa, when he had repeatedly attacked the privileges and acquired rights of Esztergom, causing unrest and destabilization. They argued
332:
of Bosnia held a public assembly on 8 April 1203 and affirmed his loyalty to Rome in the presence of papal legate John de Casamaris, while the faithful abjured their mistakes and committed to following the Roman Catholic doctrine. Following that King Emeric and Archbishop John held talks with Ban
879:
proved to be incapable to prevent the spread of anarchic conditions. When he returned to Hungary by late 1218, Andrew complained to Pope Honorius that his kingdom was "in a miserable and destroyed state, deprived of all of its revenues." A group of barons had even expelled Archbishop John from
651:
Ironically, John became a dedicated defender of the church privileges of Esztergom after his election, when he confronted with the influential Berthold in numerous occasions. The queen's brother was tacitly supported by his brother-in-law King Andrew II in his efforts. Upon John's request, Pope
537:
The cathedral chapter refused to invite the bishops of the suffragan dioceses of the Archbishopric of Esztergom to participate in the election process, referring to the canon law. According to the chapter's narration, the bishops were invited by the provost to ensure uniform approval, but they
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in a royal church, which laid in the territory of the Archdiocese of Esztergom, was interrupted by John "with noiseness", who marched into the cathedral with his entourage and blessed the people himself. On another occasion, John entrusted his two suffragan bishops to consecrate churches which
669:
However the canons of Esztergom sharply protested against the agreement. They sent their legation to Rome to ask the pope to refuse to confirm the document. On 12 February 1212, Innocent issued a bull dedicated to Andrew, John and the chapter, in which he refused to countersign the document,
616:
Pope Innocent III listened to both candidates' representatives and issued a papal decretal on 6 October 1205, called "Bone Memorie". He decided the conflict over the archbishopric of Esztergom in favor of John and confirmed his election. The pope argued there was no "one undoubtedly suitable
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and Peter, Bishop of Győr to prepare a convention draft and submit to the Roman Curia. The proposal contained that the right of coronation should belong to the role of archbishop Esztergom, except in case of deliberate rejection, obstacle, deteriorated health condition or
417:
During the short episcopate of John, the tension between the sees Esztergom and Kalocsa over the diverging views in the question of primacy jurisdiction reached its peak. It appears that John tried to take advantage of the situation that Emeric's relationship with
569:
John was inadequate to protect these prerogatives and they were afraid of possible revenge for previous grievances. In the same time, the canons sent their delegation to Rome to request the confirmation of John's nomination (as the canon law has forbidden the
292:, Archbishop of Kalocsa and John to "put aside the hostility and keep the peace of the realm" (i.e. govern the kingdom under the king's absence). Innocent's instruction reflects John's growing political influence during the last regnal years of Emeric.
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to administer the royal revenues led Andrew into conflict with the Holy See and the Hungarian prelates. John "deeply disapproved" Andrew's policy, according to the narration of a royal charter. Despite that his archdiocese was granted the village of
698:, and the jurisdiction over the clerical staff in the royal court (mostly resided in Óbuda), in addition to the right of coronation of the queen consorts. The debate has been intensified during the marriage of Andrew II and his second spouse
538:
refused to attend and write an approval letter to Pope Innocent. Thus the canons did not recognize the bishops' right to vote, but their subsequent approval rights. In response, four suffragan bishops – Kalán of Pécs, Boleslaus of Vác,
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from the royal treasury. Beside that Innocent appointed a court (with the participation of Boleslaus, Bishop of Vác, for instance) to investigate John's "indecent behavior" during the conflict. The judgment of the body is unknown.
258:, whereafter Kalán questioned the abbey's autonomy, acquired its alleged founding charters by force and imprisoned the abbot. In the same year, John was a member of that papal committee, which investigated the charges against
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and Stefano di Ceccano to Hungary in order to investigate the complaint and confirmed the privilege of the See of Veszprém in April 1216. The decision was confirmed by Honorius in 1220 too. John had disagreement in 1221 with
490:
the minor Ladislaus' enemies. Considering her son's position to be insecure, Constance fled to Austria, taking Ladislaus with her. The young king suddenly died there on 7 May 1205. Following that John crowned Andrew king in
661:, when the process must be performed by the archbishop of Kalocsa. The so-called "second coronations" (during festive events) must be celebrated jointly. In addition, the document attached the collection of tithe after the
316:. This act has increased the ecclesiastical significance of the Archdiocese of Kalocsa, which located along the southern border of the Hungarian kingdom. Pope Innocent had urged the king to take measures to liquidate the
678:. Nevertheless, John had several conflicts of jurisdiction with Berthold in the following years (for instance, in 1215, according to a letter from Pope Innocent), who left Hungary only in 1218, when he was appointed as
674:(today Sibiu, Romania) under the supervision of Berthold to the place of the eponymous provostry, which administratively affiliated to the Archdiocese of Esztergom. This purpose was strongly opposed by John and
973:
John gradually retired from public life since the early 1220s, while Ugrin Csák, also a former chancellor, has gained influence in the royal court. During the resistant movement which led to the issue of the
978:
by Andrew II, John remained passive, even when Pope Honorius urged the Hungarian prelates to apply ecclesiastical censures against those who had claimed that they did not owe loyalty to Andrew, but to
460:
to the monarch and the royal family, the superintendence over the royal provostries and churches, ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the royal officials and the collection and reallocation of the
546:(Nitra) – wrote a letter to the pope, where they claimed the archbishops were elected jointly by the chapter and the bishops in accordance with the spirit of customary law since King
759:
539:
300:
The elderly Saul Győr of Kalocsa died either in 1201 or 1202. He was succeeded by John, who was considered the king's loyal supporter by then. In the same time, Emeric invaded
2043:
266:
and act of offense by the local chapter. This dissension was a chapter of a wider conflict between the partisans of Emeric and his rebellious brother Duke Andrew.
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in 1209. Andrew's generosity towards his wife's German relatives and courtiers discontented the local lords. When the king departed for a new campaign against
274:
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in summer 1213, taking advantage of his absence, Hungarian lords who were aggrieved at Queen Gertrude's favoritism towards her German entourage captured and
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rebuked John, because he unduly exercised jurisdiction over royal churches in the archdiocese of Kalocsa, in violation of the privilege of the newly elected
377:
670:
referring to its "harmful consequences" for the Kingdom of Hungary. The pope also rejected the intention of Andrew to create a suffragan diocese of
514:) Pope Innocent to appoint John as their new archbishop in the summer of 1204. The dying Emeric also supported their choice. In accordance with the
472:, did not want to leave his country in uncertainty. Having fallen seriously ill, Emeric wanted to ensure the succession of his four-year-old son,
716:, his successor in the post of Bishop of Csanád, over the collection of tithe after the coinage in the diocese. Honorius ruled in favor of John.
218:— referred to him as Bishop-elect of Csanád. Thus it is presumable that he was elected to the dignity not long before (his immediate predecessor
621:, Queen Gertrude's brother in the following year. The case of John's election became part of the 13th-century decretal collections through
551:
766:
Queen Gertrude has gained considerable influence in the royal court. Andrew granted large domains to her brother Bishop Egbert in the
794:
on 28 September. John's participation in the assassination is unclear. His involvement in the murder is mentioned by Italian scholar
362:
1844:
Sweeney, James Ross (1993). "III. lnce és az esztergomi érsekválasztási vita. (A Bone Memorie II. dekretális történeti háttere) ".
938:'s remains were moved from his first tomb to a shrine, in the recently completed Trinity Chapel. The event was attended by King
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regarding the territory of the whole kingdom (i.e. also the Archdiocese of Kalocsa), when personally visited the Roman Curia in
2063:
2058:
824:. These works unanimously note John's famous phrase in his letter to Hungarian nobles planning the assassination of Gertrude: "
222:, however, was last mentioned in 1193). Later in 1198, still he was styled as bishop-elect, when Emeric donated the village of
227:
1912:
1876:
1796:
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on 5 May 1203, which confirmed the privileges of the Archdiocese of Esztergom, including the right of coronation, delivering
281:
787:
687:
376:
Belo" to the Roman Catholic Church, which laid south of the archbishopric (possibly in Serbia at the border). Theologian
235:
950:
and large numbers of dignitaries and magnates secular and ecclesiastical throughout from Europe. Alongside Langton and
931:, Bishop of Győr also proved to be problematic, as Honorius withdrew John's right to appoint the next bishop in Győr.
742:) in 1206, which belonged to Bars Castle before that. However, around the same time, Andrew confiscated the estate of
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2010:
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662:
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487:
77:
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1979:
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444:. Under the pretext of Bogomilism along the southern boundary, Job requested Pope Innocent to receive a mandate of
631:. The next time when an archbishop was transferred to an equal archdiocese occurred in 1396, when English prelate
586:
2033:
675:
653:
1952:
713:
384:. On 3 May, Innocent approved the intention. Nevertheless, the papal policy remained inefficient, and later the
423:
337:. On 30 April, the envoys and Kulin's son confirmed their oath of allegiance before John and Kalán Bár-Kalán.
1828:
861:
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Kulin's unidentified son, the "heretic" envoys (priests Ljubin and Dragota) and the papal representative at
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570:
419:
301:
1935:
872:. The land of Tardos was returned to the Archdiocese of Esztergom on this occasion. However both John and
219:
179:
His origin is uncertain; some 19th-century historiographical works consider John was the brother of Queen
1762:
Koszta, László (1991). "Adalékok az esztergomi és a kalocsai érsekség viszonyához a 13. század elején ".
1730:Érszegi, Géza; Solymosi, László (1981). "Az Árpádok királysága, 1000–1301 ". In Solymosi, László (ed.).
609:
309:
239:
1783:
Körmendi, Tamás (2014). "A Gertrúd királyné elleni merénylet körülményei ". In Majorossy, Judit (ed.).
803:
184:
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259:
679:
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392:
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210:
John first appeared in contemporary records in 1198, when a royal document — a charter of grant of
160:
2000:
783:
589:), to strengthen John's position and emphasize the friendly relationship between him and Emeric.
388:
211:
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as king. Andrew II appointed him to govern the kingdom during his crusade between 1217 and 1218.
156:
29:
1989:
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same time Andrew II requested Innocent to exempt John from the obligation to participate in the
247:
67:
897:
627:
865:
703:
492:
215:
1969:
847:
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under the pressure of Innocent in the spring of 1201, the pope sent a letter to Duke Andrew,
152:
91:
979:
690:. Honorius emphasized in his rescript that "the equal can not have power over the equal ".
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head of the Church in Hungary, and other prelates to support Ladislaus and his mother Queen
2048:
951:
939:
795:
699:
547:
437:
407:
164:
625:(contains the documents of the first twelve years of the pontificate of Innocent III) and
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Archbishop Job died on 1 February 1204. Emeric, who intended to go on a pilgrimage to the
8:
975:
955:
919:
873:
483:
180:
37:
1942:
452:(or Praeneste). Upon receiving Emeric's letter, Innocent refused this, but issued three
305:
148:
87:
959:
830:
636:
428:
168:
144:
136:
730:
578:
328:), whom the Catholic Church considered to be heretics. To avert the Hungarian attack,
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Andrew sent a letter in 1214 to Pope Innocent, requesting him to authorize John to
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1926:
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816:
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826:
Reginam occidere nolite timere bonum est si omnes consentiunt ego non contradico
189:
Historiae diplomaticae juris patronatus apostolicorum Hungariae regum libri tres
1852:(1). Translated by Sebők, Ferenc. AETAS Könyv- és Lapkiadó Egyesület: 147–169.
775:
632:
555:
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317:
313:
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124:
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1775:
935:
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842:
811:
508:
After the death of Ugrin Csák, the Cathedral Chapter of Esztergom requested (
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has deteriorated drastically, most likely because he remained neutral in the
334:
1785:
Egy történelmi gyilkosság margójára. Merániai Gertrúd emlékezete, 1213–2013
752:
743:
564:
550:(the Archdiocese of Esztergom had six suffragan dioceses during that time;
445:
358:
340:
280:. The family monastery located at the border of the dioceses of Csanád and
1962:
1819:
Solymosi, László (2013). "Magyar főpapok angliai zarándoklata 1220-ban ".
767:
289:
791:
385:
255:
1788:
958:, an unidentified Hungarian archbishop among the guests is referred by
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449:
402:
396:
243:
200:
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A csanádi püspökség története alapításától a tatárjárásig (1030–1242)
530:") appears among the glosses in English canonist Lawrence Somercotes'
269:
John was mentioned as bishop in 1199 too, when Emeric transferred the
223:
934:
It is possible that John was present in England on 7 July 1220, when
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510:
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457:
366:
329:
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In the same time, John participated in the intention of prepare the
758:
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523:
478:
321:
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to John in 1218. The Chapter of Esztergom was granted the land of
885:
884:(today Pohranice, Slovakia) and other landholdings (for instance,
695:
381:
1806:
Nogáll, László (1892). "I. János esztergomi érsek (1205–1223) ".
1520:
1518:
1182:
1180:
577:, the treasurer of Esztergom and two royal envoys – the abbot of
433:
325:
285:
114:
1713:
The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526
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Magyarország történeti kronológiája, I: a kezdetektől 1526-ig
1610:
1571:
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1177:
982:, the king's eldest son and heir. John died in November 1223.
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1199:
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seize the throne, while Emeric himself adopted the title of
238:
in his bishopric. On 30 January 1199, the pope commissioned
1056:
1054:
380:
considered that this "Belo" is identical with the late Ban
361:
between the Serbian Church (then still subordinated to the
1907:(in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete.
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199:"), when transferred him from Kalocsa to Esztergom in his
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1289:
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of bishops). The delegation consisted of the provost of
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1530:
1155:
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1151:
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1069:
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of Dénesmonostora (lit. "Denis' monastery") within the
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1235:
1223:
183:, King Andrew's consort. This supposition is based on
1503:
1328:
1301:
1259:
1247:
1165:
1107:
1095:
1559:
1420:
1391:
1148:
1066:
1039:
1015:
1003:
991:
254:
and the Földvár Abbey after its abbot turned to the
195:
clearly stated that John was of Hungarian origin ("
1598:
1449:
1211:
2044:13th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Hungary
1867:Ismeretlen Árpád-kor: Püspökök, legendák, króniák
1736:(in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 79–187.
1083:
702:in February 1215. Their wedding was celebrated in
2020:
1903:Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301
1757:(in Hungarian). Csanádvármegyei Könyvtár 19–20.
1729:
1616:
1577:
1524:
1186:
558:kept himself away from the conflict, while the
2054:12th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Hungary
151:(now Cenad in Romania) between 1198 and 1201,
646:
143:; died November 1223) was a prelate in the
1864:
1682:
1643:
1631:
1592:
1497:
1443:
1414:
1385:
1205:
1130:
1060:
585:Peter (possibly identical with chronicler
498:
36:
1888:A kalocsai érsekek életrajza (1000–1526)
503:
363:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
1818:
1782:
1694:
1667:
1655:
1553:
1541:
836:
762:Contemporary depiction of Queen Gertrude
757:
755:, Slovakia) to the archdiocese in 1215.
591:
432:belonged to Esztergom. John unduly wore
401:
391:emerged by 1219, under the influence of
339:
295:
197:quae de regno Hungariae originem duceret
1900:
1885:
1843:
1509:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1310:
1295:
1280:
1268:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1171:
1142:
1113:
1077:
1009:
997:
246:to investigate a legal dispute between
147:in the 12th and 13th centuries. He was
2021:
1805:
1761:
1750:
1565:
1426:
1397:
1159:
1045:
1033:
1021:
904:(today Vințu de Jos, Romania) and its
751:the port tariff of Kakat (present-day
1710:
1604:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1217:
1101:
1089:
790:her and many of her courtiers in the
774:, Slovakia), while Berthold was made
203:of 6 October 1205, as Nándor Knauz's
242:, John and an unidentified abbot of
13:
719:
159:between 1205 and 1223. He crowned
14:
2075:
1787:(in Hungarian). Ferenczy Museum,
688:Ugrin Csák, Archbishop of Kalocsa
205:Monumenta ecclesiae Strigoniensis
486:. John was also commissioned to
1764:Magyar Egyháztörténeti Vázlatok
946:, the Archbishop of Canterbury
676:William, Bishop of Transylvania
174:
1:
2064:13th-century Hungarian people
2059:12th-century Hungarian people
1871:(in Hungarian). L'Harmattan.
1829:Hungarian Academy of Sciences
985:
913:
862:Fourth Council of the Lateran
420:Job, Archbishop of Esztergom
7:
1617:Érszegi & Solymosi 1981
1578:Érszegi & Solymosi 1981
1525:Érszegi & Solymosi 1981
1187:Érszegi & Solymosi 1981
610:Peter, Bishop-elect of Győr
10:
2080:
1865:Thoroczkay, Gábor (2016).
1715:. I.B. Tauris Publishers.
1703:
864:as he intended to fulfill
841:Andrew at the head of his
804:Alberic of Trois-Fontaines
666:by Andrew II himself too.
654:Robert, Bishop of Veszprém
2007:
1998:
1986:
1976:
1967:
1959:
1949:
1940:
1932:
1925:
647:Conflicts of jurisdiction
284:. When Emeric prepared a
120:
110:
102:
97:
83:
73:
63:
55:
47:
35:
28:
21:
2029:Archbishops of Esztergom
1901:Zsoldos, Attila (2011).
1886:Udvardy, József (1991).
399:, its first archbishop.
393:Stefan the First-Crowned
240:Boleslaus, Bishop of Vác
161:Ladislaus III of Hungary
2001:Archbishop of Esztergom
1751:Juhász, Kálmán (1930).
499:Archbishop of Esztergom
389:Serbian Orthodox Church
157:Archbishop of Esztergom
30:Archbishop of Esztergom
2034:Archbishops of Kalocsa
1927:Catholic Church titles
952:Guillaume de Joinville
852:
763:
600:
504:Controversial election
414:
354:
260:Elvin, Bishop of Várad
226:to his loyal partisan
207:published the letter.
155:from 1202 to 1205 and
140:
1970:Archbishop of Kalocsa
848:Illuminated Chronicle
840:
761:
680:Patriarch of Aquileia
595:
562:was in the status of
412:Illuminated Chronicle
410:, as depicted in the
405:
351:Illuminated Chronicle
348:, as depicted in the
343:
296:Archbishop of Kalocsa
262:, who was accused of
153:Archbishop of Kalocsa
92:Archbishop of Kalocsa
927:the consecration of
796:Boncompagno da Signa
700:Yolanda de Courtenay
635:was translated from
438:archiepiscopal cross
165:Andrew II of Hungary
1894:Görres Gesellschaft
1791:. pp. 95–124.
1711:Engel, Pál (2001).
1036:, pp. 126–128.
976:Golden Bull of 1222
956:Archbishop of Reims
942:, the papal legate
920:Bartholomew le Gros
800:Rhetorica novissima
484:Constance of Aragon
216:Szentgotthárd Abbey
181:Gertrude of Merania
960:Walter of Coventry
910:in the next year.
853:
831:Annales iuvavenses
764:
738:(today Gerlachov,
601:
429:episcopal blessing
415:
355:
271:right of patronage
187:'s 1762 work, the
169:Coloman of Galicia
145:Kingdom of Hungary
42:Seal of John, 1209
2039:Bishops of Csanád
2017:
2016:
2008:Succeeded by
1995:
1977:Succeeded by
1950:Succeeded by
1914:978-963-9627-38-3
1878:978-963-414-212-6
1821:Történelmi Szemle
1798:978-963-9590-77-9
1485:, pp. 96–97.
1473:, pp. 91–92.
1145:, pp. 93–94.
1104:, pp. 88–89.
970:on his way back.
944:Pandulf Verraccio
918:John consecrated
822:Historia Anglorum
684:Pope Honorius III
623:Compilatio tertia
597:Pope Innocent III
236:clerical celibacy
212:Emeric of Hungary
193:Pope Innocent III
185:Adam Franz Kollár
130:
129:
16:Hungarian prelate
2071:
2005:1205–1223
1993:
1987:Preceded by
1974:1202–1205
1960:Preceded by
1947:1198–1201
1943:Bishop of Csanád
1933:Preceded by
1923:
1922:
1918:
1897:
1892:(in Hungarian).
1882:
1861:
1848:(in Hungarian).
1840:
1823:(in Hungarian).
1815:
1810:(in Hungarian).
1802:
1779:
1766:(in Hungarian).
1758:
1747:
1726:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1528:
1522:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1447:
1441:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1299:
1293:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1190:
1184:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1064:
1058:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
812:Matthew of Paris
748:Esztergom County
542:of Veszprém and
495:on 29 May 1205.
446:apostolic legate
395:and his brother
306:Stephen Nemanjić
149:Bishop of Csanád
98:Personal details
88:Bishop of Csanád
40:
19:
18:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1990:Kalán Bár-Kalán
1982:
1973:
1965:
1955:
1946:
1938:
1921:
1915:
1879:
1799:
1744:
1723:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1683:Thoroczkay 2016
1681:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1644:Thoroczkay 2016
1642:
1638:
1632:Thoroczkay 2016
1630:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1593:Thoroczkay 2016
1591:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1531:
1523:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1498:Thoroczkay 2016
1496:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1450:
1444:Thoroczkay 2016
1442:
1433:
1425:
1421:
1415:Thoroczkay 2016
1413:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1386:Thoroczkay 2016
1384:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1302:
1294:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1206:Thoroczkay 2016
1204:
1193:
1185:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1131:Thoroczkay 2016
1129:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1067:
1061:Thoroczkay 2016
1059:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1004:
996:
992:
988:
948:Stephen Langton
916:
817:Chronica Majora
722:
720:Secular affairs
709:Pelagio Galvani
649:
560:Diocese of Győr
506:
501:
298:
248:Kalán Bár-Kalán
177:
90:
68:Kalán Bár-Kalán
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2077:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1898:
1883:
1877:
1862:
1841:
1816:
1803:
1797:
1780:
1759:
1748:
1742:
1727:
1721:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1697:, p. 528.
1687:
1685:, p. 140.
1672:
1670:, p. 536.
1660:
1658:, p. 529.
1648:
1646:, p. 139.
1636:
1634:, p. 137.
1621:
1619:, p. 133.
1609:
1597:
1595:, p. 136.
1582:
1580:, p. 132.
1570:
1558:
1556:, p. 116.
1546:
1544:, p. 115.
1529:
1527:, p. 130.
1514:
1502:
1500:, p. 135.
1487:
1475:
1463:
1448:
1446:, p. 134.
1431:
1419:
1417:, p. 133.
1402:
1390:
1388:, p. 132.
1375:
1373:, p. 148.
1363:
1361:, p. 158.
1351:
1349:, p. 100.
1339:
1327:
1325:, p. 154.
1315:
1300:
1298:, p. 151.
1285:
1283:, p. 150.
1273:
1258:
1246:
1244:, p. 149.
1234:
1232:, p. 147.
1222:
1210:
1208:, p. 131.
1191:
1189:, p. 127.
1176:
1164:
1147:
1135:
1133:, p. 130.
1118:
1106:
1094:
1082:
1065:
1063:, p. 129.
1050:
1048:, p. 130.
1038:
1026:
1024:, p. 125.
1014:
1002:
989:
987:
984:
924:Thomas of Eger
915:
912:
776:Ban of Croatia
721:
718:
704:Székesfehérvár
648:
645:
633:Thomas Arundel
556:Bishop of Eger
544:John of Nyitra
524:papal decretal
505:
502:
500:
497:
493:Székesfehérvár
424:power struggle
378:József Udvardy
320:(often called
318:Bosnian Church
314:King of Serbia
297:
294:
252:Bishop of Pécs
232:Bishop of Győr
176:
173:
128:
127:
125:Roman Catholic
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
95:
94:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
51:6 October 1205
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2076:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1991:
1985:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1958:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1743:963-05-2661-1
1739:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1722:1-86064-061-3
1718:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1696:
1695:Solymosi 2013
1691:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1669:
1668:Solymosi 2013
1664:
1657:
1656:Solymosi 2013
1652:
1645:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1618:
1613:
1607:, p. 54.
1606:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1568:, p. 21.
1567:
1562:
1555:
1554:Körmendi 2014
1550:
1543:
1542:Körmendi 2014
1538:
1536:
1534:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1512:, p. 43.
1511:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1461:, p. 91.
1460:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1429:, p. 18.
1428:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1400:, p. 16.
1399:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1372:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1348:
1343:
1337:, p. 80.
1336:
1331:
1324:
1319:
1313:, p. 99.
1312:
1307:
1305:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1282:
1277:
1271:, p. 98.
1270:
1265:
1263:
1256:, p. 91.
1255:
1250:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1226:
1220:, p. 89.
1219:
1214:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1174:, p. 94.
1173:
1168:
1162:, p. 79.
1161:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1116:, p. 92.
1115:
1110:
1103:
1098:
1092:, p. 88.
1091:
1086:
1080:, p. 84.
1079:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1047:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1012:, p. 86.
1011:
1006:
1000:, p. 91.
999:
994:
990:
983:
981:
977:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
936:Thomas Becket
932:
930:
925:
921:
911:
909:
908:
903:
899:
898:Somogy County
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
875:
871:
870:Fifth Crusade
867:
863:
858:
850:
849:
844:
843:crusader army
839:
835:
833:
832:
827:
823:
819:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
760:
756:
754:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
728:
717:
715:
710:
705:
701:
697:
694:provostry of
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
667:
664:
660:
655:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:
624:
620:
614:
611:
605:
598:
594:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
566:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
520:jus canonicum
517:
513:
512:
496:
494:
489:
488:excommunicate
485:
481:
480:
475:
471:
466:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
425:
421:
413:
409:
404:
400:
398:
394:
390:
387:
386:autocephalous
383:
379:
375:
374:
368:
364:
360:
353:
352:
347:
346:Ladislaus III
342:
338:
336:
335:Csepel Island
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
277:
272:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
126:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:November 1223
105:
101:
96:
93:
89:
86:
84:Other post(s)
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:November 1223
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
31:
27:
20:
1999:
1968:
1941:
1905:
1902:
1890:
1887:
1869:
1866:
1849:
1845:
1824:
1820:
1811:
1807:
1784:
1770:(1): 73–88.
1767:
1763:
1755:
1752:
1734:
1731:
1712:
1690:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1612:
1600:
1573:
1561:
1549:
1510:Zsoldos 2011
1505:
1478:
1466:
1422:
1393:
1371:Sweeney 1993
1366:
1359:Sweeney 1993
1354:
1347:Udvardy 1991
1342:
1335:Zsoldos 2011
1330:
1323:Sweeney 1993
1318:
1311:Udvardy 1991
1296:Sweeney 1993
1281:Sweeney 1993
1276:
1269:Udvardy 1991
1254:Zsoldos 2011
1249:
1242:Sweeney 1993
1237:
1230:Sweeney 1993
1225:
1213:
1172:Udvardy 1991
1167:
1143:Udvardy 1991
1138:
1114:Udvardy 1991
1109:
1097:
1085:
1078:Zsoldos 2011
1041:
1029:
1017:
1010:Zsoldos 2011
1005:
998:Udvardy 1991
993:
972:
963:
962:in his work
933:
917:
905:
854:
846:
829:
825:
821:
815:
807:
799:
798:'s tractate
770:region (now
765:
723:
692:
668:
659:sede vacante
658:
650:
626:
622:
615:
606:
602:
582:
565:sede vacante
563:
536:
531:
528:Bone Memorie
527:
519:
509:
507:
477:
467:
416:
411:
406:John crowns
371:
359:church union
356:
349:
344:John crowns
299:
278:Becsegergely
275:
268:
209:
204:
196:
188:
178:
175:Early career
132:
131:
121:Denomination
2049:1223 deaths
1831:: 527–540.
1808:Magyar Sion
1566:Nogáll 1892
1427:Nogáll 1892
1398:Nogáll 1892
1160:Koszta 1991
1046:Juhász 1930
1034:Juhász 1930
1022:Juhász 1930
792:Pilis Hills
682:. In 1219,
628:Liber extra
571:translation
548:St. Stephen
308:'s brother
304:and helped
256:Roman Curia
111:Nationality
64:Predecessor
2023:Categories
1953:Desiderius
1789:Szentendre
1605:Engel 2001
1483:Engel 2001
1471:Engel 2001
1459:Engel 2001
1218:Engel 2001
1102:Engel 2001
1090:Engel 2001
986:References
914:Last years
877:Julius Kán
866:his father
845:(from the
714:Desiderius
707:cardinals
641:Canterbury
511:postulatio
458:sacraments
450:Palestrina
397:Saint Sava
244:Zirc Abbey
228:Ugrin Csák
201:papal bull
191:. However
56:Term ended
1994:(elected)
1963:Saul Győr
1858:0237-7934
1837:0040-9634
1776:0865-5227
964:Memoriale
940:Henry III
907:udvornici
768:Szepesség
579:Bakonybél
575:Pressburg
532:Tractatus
516:canon law
474:Ladislaus
470:Holy Land
436:and used
408:Andrew II
330:Ban Kulin
326:Patarenes
290:Saul Győr
137:Hungarian
115:Hungarian
74:Successor
48:Installed
1980:Berthold
874:Palatine
808:Chronica
788:murdered
780:Dalmatia
740:Slovakia
619:Berthold
599:(fresco)
587:Anonymus
583:magister
479:de facto
322:Bogomils
1936:Crispin
1814:: 8–31.
1704:Sources
882:Pográny
784:Galicia
753:Štúrovo
731:Muslims
663:coinage
552:Katapán
540:Kalanda
440:during
434:pallium
286:crusade
224:Mihályi
220:Crispin
214:to the
2011:Thomas
1911:
1875:
1856:
1835:
1795:
1774:
1740:
1719:
929:Cosmas
902:Alvinc
890:Kapoly
857:anoint
744:Tardos
672:Szeben
442:Masses
302:Serbia
264:simony
78:Thomas
1846:Aetas
1827:(4).
968:Pavia
896:) in
894:Lulla
886:Gamás
736:Gerla
696:Óbuda
462:tithe
454:bulls
382:Beloš
310:Vukan
282:Várad
141:János
1909:ISBN
1873:ISBN
1854:ISSN
1833:ISSN
1793:ISBN
1772:ISSN
1738:ISBN
1717:ISBN
980:Béla
892:and
820:and
810:and
778:and
772:Spiš
729:and
727:Jews
637:York
581:and
373:knez
276:gens
167:and
133:John
103:Died
23:John
746:in
639:to
367:Ras
324:or
2025::
1825:55
1675:^
1624:^
1585:^
1532:^
1517:^
1490:^
1451:^
1434:^
1405:^
1378:^
1303:^
1288:^
1261:^
1194:^
1179:^
1150:^
1121:^
1068:^
1053:^
954:,
888:,
814:'
806:'
802:,
643:.
554:,
534:.
526:("
250:,
230:,
163:,
139::
1917:.
1896:.
1881:.
1860:.
1850:8
1839:.
1812:6
1801:.
1778:.
1768:3
1746:.
1725:.
851:)
518:(
135:(
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