168:
379:. During the 1690s and early 1700s the two of them worked actively for Danish intervention against Sweden so that Livonia and Scania might be freed from Swedish overlordship. During the first war years, Patkul retained a key role in the communication between the allies and other European courts, holding positions at king Augustus's court first in Augustus's interests (1698-1700), then in tsar Peter's service (1702- ). In late 1705 Patkul fell from Augustus's favor and was arrested and charged with
609:
722:
73:
32:
290:
230:
451:
was being carried out in his native province. His eloquence impressed
Charles XI, but his representations were disregarded. When he submitted another petition in more offensive language to the king three years later, his renewed complaints involved him in a government prosecution. To save himself
579:
The same year, recognizing the unprofitableness of serving such a master as
Augustus, he exchanged the Saxon for the Russian service. Peter was glad enough to get a man so famous for his talents and energy, but Patkul speedily belied his reputation. His knowledge was too local and limited. On 19
533:
of Poland, but really as a hereditary possession of the Saxon house. Military operations against Sweden's Baltic provinces were to be begun simultaneously by the Saxons and
Russians. After thus forging the first link of the partition treaty, Patkul proceeded to
895:
809:
Kurtze
Beschreibung der merck- und denckwürdigen Execution Des tapffern und Welt-bekanten General Patkuls, Wie selbiger den 10. October. 1707. zu Casimir in Pohlen erbärmlich hingerichtet worden
668:
Kurtze
Beschreibung der merck- und denckwürdigen Execution Des tapffern und Welt-bekanten General Patkuls, Wie selbiger den 10. October. 1707. zu Casimir in Pohlen erbärmlich hingerichtet worden
494:, to which he had now no hope of returning so long as that province belonged to the Swedish Crown. The aristocratic republic of Poland was obviously the most convenient
737:
658:
The circumstances of Patkul's death were documented first by chaplain Loren(t)z Hagen, who accompanied Patkul in his last two days, in his 1707 book titled
880:
600:
to conclude an agreement with the imperial commissioner
Stratmann for renting a Russian auxiliary contingent in Saxon service to the Habsburgs.
870:
807:
762:
647:, on the ground that Patkul, as a traitor, could not be pardoned for example's sake. In October 1707, Patkul was broken alive on the wheel at
372:
746:
875:
850:
247:
670:. Differing slightly, the accounts agree that Patkul, after a prolonged process of breaking his bones with the wheel, begged for his
83:
239:
141:
502:
and bombarded
Augustus with proposals for the partition of Sweden. His first plan was a combination against her of Saxony,
113:
890:
860:
348:
324:
in
Livonia, enraging the king, who had him arrested and sentenced to mutilation and death (1694). Patkul fled from the
678:) and rolled to the block on his own; the following decapitation did however not succeed until after several strikes.
623:
The Saxon ministers, after protesting against the new arrangement, arrested Patkul and shut him up in the fortress of
276:
211:
189:
120:
59:
182:
885:
865:
636:
392:
127:
98:
45:
109:
470:
For the next four years, Patkul led a vagabond life, but in 1698, after vainly petitioning the new king,
855:
539:
526:
329:
395:
in late 1706. Patkul spent another year in
Swedish detention before Charles XII had him broken on the
644:
813:
768:
584:
between Russia and the Polish republic to strengthen the hands of
Augustus, but he failed to bring
176:
687:
573:
356:
20:
589:
475:
352:
340:
193:
388:
471:
364:
727:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
845:
840:
448:
344:
317:
134:
498:
for a Livonian nobleman; so in 1698, Patkul proceeded to the court of the king-elector at
8:
790:
733:
639:
on 24 September 1706, he was delivered up to Charles, who ordered his execution on the
624:
561:
555:
444:
384:
368:
360:
321:
251:
94:
51:
648:
632:
613:
462:
to lose his right hand and his head. His estates were at the same time confiscated.
458:
666:). Another account of Patkul's execution is a 1708 leaflet of unknown origin titled
581:
543:
487:
332:
328:
to continental Europe, and played a key role in the secret diplomacy (1698-1699)
301:
640:
522:
424:
396:
336:
325:
309:
834:
764:
Das schmertzliche doch seelige Ende, Des Welt-Bekandten Joh. Reinhold Patkuls
750:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 927–928.
741:
728:
660:
Das schmertzliche doch seelige Ende, Des Welt-Bekandten Joh. Reinhold Patkuls
608:
391:(both in Saxony), before Charles XII forced Augustus to extradite him by the
313:
671:
628:
420:
380:
896:
Ambassadors of the Tsardom of Russia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
510:; but, Brandenburg failing him, he was obliged very unwillingly to admit
507:
453:
376:
371:
of 1700-1721. Patkul was close friends with the Danish Privy Councillor
495:
305:
643:. Charles rejected an appeal for mercy from his sister, the princess
412:
90:
72:
569:
452:
from the penalties of high treason, Patkul fled from Stockholm to
375:
who had been driven away from his home province Scania during the
597:
585:
503:
499:
416:
289:
652:
617:
593:
565:
535:
511:
491:
483:
479:
440:
436:
408:
530:
518:
580:
August 1704, he succeeded, at last, in bringing about the
465:
415:, where his father had been imprisoned under suspicion of
383:. Throughout the following year he was detained first in
792:
Anecdotes concerning the famous John Reinhold Patkul
664:
Anecdotes concerning the famous John Reinhold Patkul
529:while Augustus was to take Livonia, nominally as a
564:, Patkul was the mainstay of the confederates. At
627:on 19 December 1705, altogether disregarding the
435:In 1689, at the head of a deputation of Livonian
832:
592:'s fear of Charles and jealousy of Peter. From
549:
560:Throughout the earlier, unluckier days of the
439:, he went to Stockholm to protest against the
423:at an early age and was subsequently promoted
16:Baltic German noble and politician (1660–1707)
662:(English translation in 1761 under the title
588:also into the anti-Swedish league because of
546:to accede to the league on 18 November 1699.
767:(in German). Leipzig/Dresden. Archived from
486:, with the deliberate intention of wresting
99:introducing citations to additional sources
631:of Peter against such a gross violation of
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
881:People executed for treason against Sweden
316:, he protested against the manner of King
430:
277:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
607:
474:, for pardon, he entered the service of
288:
175:This article includes a list of general
89:Relevant discussion may be found on the
612:Execution of Johann Reinhold Patkul at
603:
576:, and enlisted him in Peter's service.
466:Role in planning the Great Northern War
300:(27 July 1660 – 10 October 1707) was a
833:
871:People executed by the Swedish Empire
788:
760:
700:
312:extraction. Born as a subject to the
805:
732:
252:move details into the article's body
223:
161:
66:
25:
540:conference held at Preobrazhenskoye
13:
181:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
907:
876:18th-century executions by Sweden
851:People executed by breaking wheel
41:This article has multiple issues.
812:(in German). s.i. Archived from
720:
228:
166:
82:relies largely or entirely on a
71:
30:
49:or discuss these issues on the
799:
782:
754:
1:
693:
568:, in 1702, he picked up the
550:In Saxon and Russian service
7:
681:
10:
912:
891:Politicians from Stockholm
861:Swedish military personnel
553:
18:
402:
19:Not to be confused with
886:Executed Swedish people
747:Encyclopædia Britannica
738:Patkul, Johann Reinhold
688:Otto Arnold von Paykull
574:George Benedict Ogilvie
521:was to be content with
196:more precise citations.
21:Otto Arnold von Paykull
866:Executed German people
789:Hagen, Lorenz (1761).
761:Hagen, Lorenz (1707).
620:
514:into the partnership.
476:Augustus II the Strong
431:Dispute over reduction
341:Augustus II the Strong
298:Johann Reinhold Patkul
294:
293:Johann Reinhold Patkul
637:Treaty of Altranstädt
611:
472:Charles XII of Sweden
445:land-recovery project
393:Treaty of Altranstädt
365:Charles XII of Sweden
292:
795:. London: A. Miller.
604:Arrest and execution
596:, Patkul went on to
456:, and was condemned
449:Charles XI of Sweden
318:Charles XI of Sweden
95:improve this article
734:Bain, Robert Nisbet
542:, easily persuaded
538:, and, at a secret
407:Patkul was born in
621:
562:Great Northern War
556:Campaign of Grodno
369:Great Northern War
355:and his successor
295:
856:Livonian nobility
649:Kazimierz Biskupi
633:international law
614:Kazimierz Biskupi
582:alliance of Narva
419:. He entered the
399:and decapitated.
367:, triggering the
287:
286:
279:
269:
268:
248:length guidelines
222:
221:
214:
160:
159:
145:
64:
903:
825:
824:
822:
821:
803:
797:
796:
786:
780:
779:
777:
776:
758:
752:
751:
726:
724:
723:
717:
349:Poland–Lithuania
308:and agitator of
282:
275:
264:
261:
255:
246:Please read the
232:
231:
224:
217:
210:
206:
203:
197:
192:this article by
183:inline citations
170:
169:
162:
155:
152:
146:
144:
103:
75:
67:
56:
34:
33:
26:
911:
910:
906:
905:
904:
902:
901:
900:
831:
830:
829:
828:
819:
817:
804:
800:
787:
783:
774:
772:
759:
755:
721:
719:
718:
701:
696:
684:
606:
558:
552:
544:Peter the Great
468:
443:with which the
433:
405:
283:
272:
271:
270:
265:
259:
256:
245:
242:may be too long
237:This article's
233:
229:
218:
207:
201:
198:
188:Please help to
187:
171:
167:
156:
150:
147:
110:"Johann Patkul"
104:
102:
88:
76:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
909:
899:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
827:
826:
798:
781:
753:
742:Chisholm, Hugh
698:
697:
695:
692:
691:
690:
683:
680:
605:
602:
551:
548:
467:
464:
432:
429:
404:
401:
361:Denmark–Norway
326:Swedish Empire
285:
284:
267:
266:
236:
234:
227:
220:
219:
174:
172:
165:
158:
157:
93:. Please help
79:
77:
70:
65:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
908:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
816:on 2019-01-31
815:
811:
810:
806:s.n. (1708).
802:
794:
793:
785:
771:on 2019-01-31
770:
766:
765:
757:
749:
748:
743:
739:
735:
730:
729:public domain
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
699:
689:
686:
685:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
651:(Casimir) in
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:remonstrances
626:
619:
615:
610:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
557:
547:
545:
541:
537:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
463:
461:
460:
455:
450:
446:
442:
438:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
351:- as well as
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:Swedish Crown
311:
310:Baltic German
307:
303:
299:
291:
281:
278:
263:
253:
249:
243:
241:
235:
226:
225:
216:
213:
205:
202:February 2012
195:
191:
185:
184:
178:
173:
164:
163:
154:
151:February 2012
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
96:
92:
86:
85:
84:single source
80:This article
78:
74:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
818:. Retrieved
814:the original
808:
801:
791:
784:
773:. Retrieved
769:the original
763:
756:
745:
675:
672:decapitation
667:
663:
659:
657:
635:. After the
622:
578:
559:
516:
469:
457:
434:
421:Swedish Army
406:
381:high treason
357:Frederick IV
297:
296:
273:
257:
240:lead section
238:
208:
199:
180:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
23:(1662–1707).
846:1707 deaths
841:1660 births
625:Sonnenstein
590:Frederick I
508:Brandenburg
459:in absentia
454:Switzerland
385:Sonnenstein
377:Scanian War
353:Christian V
194:introducing
835:Categories
820:2012-12-16
775:2012-12-16
694:References
676:"Kopf ab!"
554:See also:
389:Königstein
387:, then in
373:Knud Thott
363:- against
306:politician
304:nobleman,
177:references
121:newspapers
46:improve it
736:(1911). "
413:Stockholm
322:reduction
250:and help
91:talk page
52:talk page
682:See also
674:(crying
572:general
570:Scottish
496:suzerain
347:and the
302:Livonian
260:May 2024
744:(ed.).
731::
598:Dresden
586:Prussia
527:Estonia
504:Denmark
500:Dresden
488:Livonia
425:captain
417:treason
333:Peter I
330:allying
190:improve
135:scholar
740:". In
725:
653:Poland
645:Ulrica
618:Poland
594:Berlin
566:Vienna
536:Moscow
523:Ingria
512:Russia
492:Sweden
484:Poland
480:Saxony
441:rigour
437:gentry
409:prison
345:Saxony
337:Russia
179:, but
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
641:wheel
490:from
403:Youth
397:wheel
142:JSTOR
128:books
531:fief
525:and
519:tsar
517:The
506:and
482:and
114:news
478:of
447:of
411:at
359:of
343:of
335:of
320:'s
97:by
837::
702:^
655:.
616:,
427:.
339:,
55:.
823:.
778:.
280:)
274:(
262:)
258:(
254:.
244:.
215:)
209:(
204:)
200:(
186:.
153:)
149:(
139:·
132:·
125:·
118:·
101:.
87:.
62:)
58:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
