Motown - Knowledge

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for other African-American artists seeking broad market acceptance, and that they should think, act, walk and talk like royalty, so as to alter the less-than-dignified image commonly held of black musicians by white Americans in that era. Given that many of the talented young artists had been raised in housing projects and lacked the necessary social and dress experience, this Motown department was not only necessary, it created an elegant style of presentation long associated with the label. The artist development department specialized primarily in working with younger, less-experienced acts; experienced performers such as

2482: 8407: 8026: 8395: 2154:. Seeing that the song had great crossover potential, Gordy leased it to United Artists for national distribution but also released it locally on his own startup imprint. Needing $ 800 to cover his end of the deal, Gordy asked his family to borrow money from a cooperative family savings account. After some debate, his family agreed, and in January 1959 "Come to Me" was released regionally on Gordy's new Tamla label. Gordy originally wanted to name the label Tammy Records, after the hit 1820: 2104: 65: 3622:

meetings every Friday morning, and used veto power to ensure that only the very best material and performances would be released. The test was that every new release needed to fit into a sequence of the top five selling pop singles of the week. Several tracks that later became critical and commercial favorites were initially rejected by Gordy, the two most notable being the Marvin Gaye songs "

4073: 2865:. Seagram had purchased Motown's former parent MCA in 1995, and Motown was in effect reunited with many of its MCA corporate siblings (Seagram had hoped to build a media empire around Universal, and started by purchasing PolyGram). Universal briefly considered shuttering the label, but instead decided to restructure it. 3907:

with the same writers, producers and musicians working on all the major subsidiaries, and artists were often shuffled between labels for internal marketing reasons. All of these records are usually considered to be "Motown" records, regardless of whether they actually appeared on the Motown Records label itself.

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and converted the main floor into a recording studio and office space. Now, rather than shopping his songs to other artists or leasing his recordings to outside companies, Gordy began using the Tamla and Motown imprints to release songs that he wrote and produced. He incorporated Motown Records in April 1960.

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The Motown production process has been described as factory-like. The Hitsville studios remained open and active 22 hours a day, and artists would often go on tour for weeks, come back to Detroit to record as many songs as possible, and then promptly go on tour again. Berry Gordy held quality control

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that the sound consisted of songs with simple structures but sophisticated melodies, along with a four-beat drum pattern, regular use of horns and strings, and "a trebly style of mixing that relied heavily on electronic limiting and equalizing (boosting the high range frequencies) to give the overall

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would join the Motown label both as an artist as well as the new Senior Vice President of A&R. On April 1, 2014, it was announced that Island Def Jam would no longer be running following the resignation of CEO Barry Weiss. A press release sent out by Universal Music Group announced that the label

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Into the 1960s, I was still not of a frame of mind that we were not only making music, we were making history. But I did recognize the impact because acts were going all over the world at that time. I recognized the bridges that we crossed, the racial problems and the barriers that we broke down with

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which was considered the best studio in town. However, producing at United Sound Systems was financially taxing and not appropriate for every job, so Gordy decided it would be more cost effective to maintain his own facility. In mid-1959, he purchased a photography studio at 2648 West Grand Boulevard

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called "New Immigration Law". Tamla also had a sub-label called Penny Records in 1959; artists on that label included Bryan Brent And The Cut Outs, who recorded a single for the label entitled "Vacation Time" b/w "For Eternity" (2201). In 2023, it was announced that Tamla would be re-activated again

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Artist development was a major part of Motown's operations instituted by Berry Gordy. The acts on the Motown label were fastidiously groomed, dressed and choreographed for live performances. Motown artists were advised that their breakthrough into the white popular music market made them ambassadors

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left the label in 1967 over royalty-payment disputes, Norman Whitfield became the company's top producer, turning out hits for the Temptations, Marvin Gaye, Gladys Knight & the Pips and Rare Earth. In the meantime Berry Gordy established Motown Productions, a television subsidiary which produced

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Many more subsidiary labels were established later under the umbrella of the Motown parent company, including Gordy Records, Soul Records and VIP Records; in reality the Motown Record Corporation controlled all of these labels. Most of the distinctions between Motown labels were largely arbitrary,

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Tamla Records: Established 1959, Tamla was a primary subsidiary for mainstream R&B/soul music. Tamla is the company's original label: Gordy founded Tamla Records several months before establishing the Motown Record Corporation. The label's numbering system was combined with those of Motown and

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Gordy looked toward creative self-sufficiency and established the publishing firm Jobete in June 1959 (incorporated in Michigan). He applied for copyrights on more than seventy songs before the end of 1959, including material used for the Miracles and Frances Burnett records, which were leased to

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executive, opined that Motown leaving its birth city marked a decline in the label's quality. "Something happened when left Detroit and came to ," he said. "They quit being innovators and started following trends. Before, Berry had a much more hands-on approach. And maybe you lose some of your

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music. I recognized that because I lived it. I would come to the South in the early days of Motown and the audiences would be segregated. Then they started to get the Motown music and we would go back and the audiences were integrated and the kids were dancing together and holding hands.

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Motown had established branch offices in both New York City and Los Angeles during the mid-1960s, and by 1969 had begun gradually moving more of its operations to Los Angeles. The company moved all of its operations to Los Angeles in June 1972, with a number of artists, among them

2168:, in which Reynolds also starred. When he found the name was already in use, Berry decided on Tamla instead. In April 1959, Gordy and his sister Gwen founded Anna Records which released about two dozen singles between 1959 and 1960. The most popular was Barrett Strong's " 3610:

product a distinctive sound, particularly effective for broadcast over AM radio". Pop production techniques such as the use of orchestral string sections, charted horn sections, and carefully arranged background vocals were also used. Complex arrangements and elaborate,

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studio band, either staying behind in Detroit or leaving the company for other reasons. By re-locating, Motown aimed chiefly to branch out into the motion-picture industry, and Motown Productions got its start in film by turning out two hit-vehicles for

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Prodigal Records.: Purchased by Motown in 1976, Motown used Prodigal Records as a second rock music subsidiary; a successor label to Rare Earth Records. The Rare Earth band moved over to the label following the Rare Earth label's demise. Pop singer

2076:. (The Gordys were an entrepreneurial family.) Although the shop did not last very long, Gordy's interest in the music business did not fade. He frequented Detroit's downtown nightclubs, and in the Flame Show Bar he met bar manager Al Green (not the 3732:

People would listen to it, and they'd say, 'Aha, they use more bass. Or they use more drums.' Bullshit. When we were first successful with it, people were coming from Germany, France, Italy, Mobile, Alabama. From New York, Chicago, California. From

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studio. The photography studio located in the back of the property was modified into a small recording studio, and the Gordys moved into the second-floor living quarters. Within seven years, Motown would occupy seven additional neighboring houses:

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In addition to the songwriting process of the writers and producers, one of the major factors in the widespread appeal of Motown's music was Gordy's practice of using a highly-select and tight-knit group of studio musicians, collectively known as

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Natural Resources: This label was active from 1972 to 1973 and in 1976 as a minor subsidiary for white artists and instrumental bands. It later served as a label for Motown, Tamla and Gordy reissues and Motown compilation albums in 1978 and

2814:. Busby quarreled with MCA, alleging that the company did not give Motown's product adequate attention or promotion. In 1991, Motown sued MCA to have its distribution deal with the company terminated, and began releasing its product through 4519:

mpany". As the name suggests, Morocco was a rock music subsidiary. Active from 1983 to 1984, it was a short-lived attempt to revive the Rare Earth Records concept. Only seven albums were released on the label. Its two most promising acts,

2616:. The company loosened its production rules, allowing some of its longtime artists the opportunity to write and produce more of their own material. This resulted in the recordings of successful and critically acclaimed albums such as 4179:

Motown Yesteryear: a label created in late 1970s and used through the 1980s for the reissues of 7-inch singles from all eras of the company's history, after printing in the initial label has ceased. One Motown Yesteryear single made

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Much of the Motown sound came from the use of overdubbed and duplicated instrumentation. Motown songs regularly featured two drummers instead of one (either overdubbed or in unison), as well as three or four guitar lines. Bassist

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of Detroit called Gordy an "independent producer of records", as his contributions to the city were beginning to attract notice. By that time, he was the president of Jobete, Tamla, and the music writing company Rayber.

4089:, Tamla Motown issued the releases on the American Motown labels, using its own numbering system. In some cases, Tamla Motown would issue singles and albums not released in the United States (for example, the singles " 7760: 4143:

MoWest Records: MoWest was a short-lived (1971–1973; 1976 in UK) subsidiary for R&B/soul artists based on the West Coast. Shut down when the main Motown office moved to Los Angeles. Notable artists included

2100:", a peak-popular hit of 1958. Between 1957 and 1958, Gordy wrote or produced over a hundred sides for various artists, with his siblings Anna, Gwen and Robert, and other collaborators in varying combinations. 5022: 2880:

Diana Ross, Smokey Robinson, Stevie Wonder, and the Temptations had remained with the label since its early days, although all except Wonder recorded for other labels for several years. Ross left Motown for

4176:. Unlike other Motown releases in the UK that were released by Tamla Motown, MoWest retained its US label design and logo for its UK releases as well. In fact, MoWest lasted longer in the UK up until 1976. 2783:(which began a North American distribution deal with the label in 1983) and Boston Ventures in June 1988 for $ 61 million. In 1989, Gordy sold the Motown Productions TV/film operations to Motown executive 4857: 5952: 4678:, from 1974 to 1975. CTI subsidiaries distributed by Motown included Kudu Records, Three Brothers Records, and Salvation Records. With a few exceptions, the bulk of CTI's recordings is now owned by 4971: 1627: 5493: 1559: 3903:

should DJs play too many records from the original Tamla label, Gordy formed Motown Records as a second label in 1960. The two labels featured the same writers, producers and artists.

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Despite losing Holland–Dozier–Holland, Norman Whitfield, and some of its other hitmakers by 1975, Motown still had a number of successful artists during the 1970s and 1980s, including

3837:, which publicised the fact that these musicians "played on more number-one records than The Beatles, Elvis, The Rolling Stones, and The Beach Boys combined". Ashford later played on 1622: 6622: 3737:. Just to record in Detroit. They figured it was in the air, that if they came to Detroit and recorded on the freeway, they'd get the Motown sound. Listen, the Motown sound to me is 2955:. Motown celebrated its 50th anniversary on January 12, 2009, and celebrated it in Detroit on November 20, 2009, in a black-tie Gala titled "Live It Again!" The event was hosted by 2239:

Hitsville U.S.A., 1959 – (ground floor) administrative office, tape library, control room, Studio A; (upper floor) Gordy living quarters (1959–62), artists and repertoire (1962–72)

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Miracle Records: Short-lived (1961) R&B/soul subsidiary that lasted less than a year. Some pressings featured the infamous tagline, "If it's a hit, it's a Miracle." Renamed

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an audible sound. It's spiritual, and it comes from the people that make it happen. What other people didn't realize is that we just had one studio there, but we recorded in

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in 1960. It was Tamla's first million-selling record. On April 14, 1960, Motown and Tamla Records merged into a new company called Motown Record Corporation. A year later,

2068:'s interest in the record business began when he opened a record store called the 3D Record Mart, a shop where he hoped to "educate customers about the beauty of jazz", in 334: 286: 4452:'s CTI/Kudu albums under the Classic Mo Jazz subsidiary. This label (including its roster and catalog) was folded into Verve Records after the PolyGram/Universal merger. 5532: 5471: 2810:, although the company itself remained in a state of turmoil. MCA appointed a series of executives to run the company, beginning with Berry Gordy's immediate successor, 1632: 1584: 7795: 4423:

instrumental released in September 1969, "Do The Choo-Choo" with b-side "Do The Choo-Choo Pt II" written by L. Chandler, E. Willis, J. Ashford, with label number 1107.

4229:. The label was dissolved in 1978. This label has no affiliation with the short-lived S.O.U.L. Records, an early 1990s imprint that was founded by the production team 1594: 1589: 3891:", and, later, around the world. The tours gave the younger artists a chance to hone their performance and social skills and learn from the more experienced artists. 5018: 1860: 1604: 4269:

album, was issued. This release featured the tongue-in-cheek tagline: "Your Favorite Artists Are On Weed". The logo was a parody of the "Snapping Fingers" logo for

2515: 7992: 3772:, to record the instrumental or "band" tracks of a majority of Motown recordings. Among the studio musicians responsible for the "Motown sound" were keyboardists 7654: 7616: 1574: 4466:(after whom the label was named), Rare Earth Records was a subsidiary focusing on blues-oriented and progressive rock styles. Notable acts included Rare Earth, 7735: 6442: 4849: 477: 5380: 2799:(Sony/ATV until 2021) through the acquisition of EMI Music Publishing in 2012 (as a leader of the consortium and eventually assigned full ownership in 2018). 1987:

division of Universal Music. In 2014, however, UMG announced the dissolution of Island Def Jam, and Motown relocated back to Los Angeles to operate under the

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appeal. Motown was the most successful soul music label, with a net worth of $ 61 million. During the 1960s, Motown achieved 79 records in the top-ten of the

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subsidiary that focused mainly on albums featuring progressive political and pro-civil rights speeches/poetry. Black Forum issued recordings by the Rev. Dr.

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would now be reorganizing Def Jam Recordings, Island Records and Motown Records all as separate entities. Motown would then begin serving as a subsidiary of

1509: 1499: 318: 4256:. V.I.P. also was the outlet for pop records that were leased to Motown by EMI (the distributor of Tamla-Motown in Europe). The label was dissolved in 1974. 8472: 7167: 2000: 1579: 256: 7934: 6205: 5614: 4967: 8537: 1569: 1564: 6095: 2096:" was their first major hit which appeared in November 1957. During the next eighteen months, Gordy helped to write six more Wilson A-sides, including " 7755: 7157: 7047: 5649: 7669: 2135:, based in New York. The practice was common at the time for a small-time producer. "Got a Job" was the first single by Robinson's group, now called 1599: 1479: 2111:

Motown building, at 2648 West Grand Boulevard in Detroit, Motown's headquarters from 1959 to 1968, which became the Motown Historical Museum in 1985

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styles. Under the slogan "The Sound of Young America", Motown's acts were enjoying widespread popularity among black and white audiences alike.

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Divinity Records.: Short-lived (1962–1963) gospel subsidiary. With five releases by artists- Wright Specials, Gospel Stars, Bernadettes, and

1853: 8527: 2222:, also played a key role in the early days of Motown, leading the company's first session group, The Rayber Voices, and overseeing Jobete. 1789: 1769: 1529: 1021: 1006: 493: 6288: 8014: 1534: 1514: 4311:

threatened legal action, the name was changed to Hitsville in 1976. Like Mel-o-dy before it, Hitsville focused on country music. Run by

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as well). The label's numbering system was combined with those of Tamla and Gordy in 1982, and the label (and company) was purchased by

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from 1981 to 1988, but returned in 1989 and stayed until 2002, while Robinson left Motown in 1991 (although he did return to release

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Mo Jazz Records.: Another jazz label created in the 1990s, this was Motown's most successful jazz imprint. Notable artists included

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had hits on the Tamla label. The company operated several labels in addition to the Tamla and Motown imprints. A third label, which

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Many of Rare Earth's groups, including a popular band called Rare Earth, explored heavy blues-oriented and progressive rock styles.

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In mid-2011, Universal Motown reverted to the Motown brand after having been separated from Universal Motown Republic Group, hired

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Motown Records: Established 1960, Motown was and remains the company's main label for mainstream R&B/soul music (and, today,

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that year over pay disputes, Gordy moved Motown to Los Angeles, California. Motown expanded into film and television production.

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as his home, leaving his previous home to his sister Anna and then-husband Marvin Gaye (where photos for the cover of his album

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Smokey Robinson became the vice president of the company (and later named his daughter "Tamla" and his son "Berry"). Several of

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Gordy Records: Established 1962, Gordy was also a primary subsidiary for mainstream R&B/soul music. Originally known as

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and continues to run it as of 2018. Gordy continued to retain the Jobete music publishing catalog, selling it separately to

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Gordy worked in various Detroit-based studios during this period to produce recordings and demos, but most prominently with

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The style created by the Motown musicians was a major influence on several non-Motown artists of the mid-1960s, such as

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purchased the label from MCA in 1993, followed by MCA successor Universal Music Group, which acquired PolyGram in 1999.

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By the 1970s, the Motown "hit factory" had become a target of a backlash from some fans of rock music. Record producer

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Mel-o-dy Records.: Established in 1962 as a secondary R&B/soul music subsidiary, Mel-o-dy later focused on white

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Mad Sounds Recordings.: Short-lived hip-hop/rap subsidiary label, released five albums in the mid-1990s- including

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as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960. Its name, a

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Two houses for administrative offices, 1966 – sales and marketing, traveling and traffic, and mixing and mastering

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M.C. Records: Operated 1977 to 1978 as a continuation of the Hitsville label. A joint venture between Gordy and

2924: 2695: 2505: 2494: 1980: 1331: 1198: 1016: 943: 4913: 8467: 6985: 6732: 6701: 6178: 5618: 4409:(whose recordings for the label went unissued for 30 years). The Workshop Jazz catalog is currently managed by 3646: 3004:. In late 2018, Motown began celebrating its 60th anniversary by reissuing numerous albums from their catalog. 2992: 2590: 2147: 1984: 1954: 1740: 1416: 1366: 137: 6155: 7745: 7105: 7095: 6085: 5783: 5182: 4692:

Gull Records: A UK-based label still in operation, Motown released Gull's output in the US in 1975. Gull had

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recalls of this period: "I was a DJ for years and I worked for Motown – the press at the time, papers like

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and distributed by Motown. Only release: single "In My Own Lifetime"/"I'll Begin Again", by Davis in 1971.

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in 1977, but returned in 1980 and eventually left again in 2004. Wonder finally left the label in 2020.

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subsidiary, active from 1962 to 1964. Notable Workshop Jazz artists included the George Bohannon Trio,

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Gaiee Records.: Only one single was released on this label, in 1975; Valentino's gay/lesbian anthem "

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V.I.P. Records: Established in 1964, V.I.P. was an R&B/soul subsidiary. Notable artists included

3860: 3635: 3627: 3592: 2870: 2830: 2779:. By the mid-1980s, Motown had started losing money, and Berry Gordy sold his ownership in Motown to 2578: 2519: 2139:. Gordy recorded a number of other records by forging a similar arrangement, most significantly with 1652: 1396: 1356: 645: 7406: 6634: 4331:. The label was dissolved in 1977. In the UK, Melodyland/Hitsville material was released on MoWest. 7834: 7462: 6696: 6066: 5797: 4883: 4679: 4500: 4427: 4122: 4033: 3793: 2944: 2920: 2902: 2608: 2391: 2123:

style that Robinson sang. In 1958, Gordy recorded the group's song "Got a Job" (an answer song to "

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Soul Records: Established in 1964, Soul was a R&B/soul subsidiary for releases with less of a

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label, established in March 1965 and folded into the regular Motown label in 1976. Distributed by

2080:), who owned a music publishing company called Pearl Music and represented Detroit-based musician 8411: 7860: 7162: 4730:. The label releases compilation albums and has its own artists signed to the Motown/NBA imprint. 4504:

was originally released and charted on this label in 1977 (#97). Prodigal was dissolved in 1978.

4161: 3682: 1745: 1687: 1150: 1110: 833: 732: 610: 424: 35: 5337:"The End of an Era: Expected Sale of the Legendary Motown Label Stirs Some Bittersweet Emotions" 2131:), and released it as a single by leasing the record to a larger company outside Detroit called 8030: 7950: 7839: 7722: 7636: 7626: 7401: 7315: 7252: 6292: 5727: 4576: 4566: 3027: 2788: 2540: 2315:". By the mid-1960s, the company, with the help of songwriters and producers such as Robinson, 2276:

Motown had hired over 450 employees and had a gross income of $ 20 million by the end of 1966.

2164: 2140: 1927:, the brand used outside the US) were the most prominent exponents of what became known as the 444: 434: 414: 17: 5713: 5685: 5257: 3937:. Tamla was briefly re-activated in 1996 as a reggae label, but only released a 12" single by 8487: 7492: 7197: 7127: 7008: 6070: 5825: 5769: 5755: 5341: 5177: 4449: 4090: 3781: 3112: 2862: 2796: 2566: 1881: 1068: 1058: 990: 953: 737: 727: 627: 308: 75: 3917:

Gordy in 1982, and the label was merged with Motown in 1988. Notable Tamla artists included

3575:"The Motown sound". Crafted with an ear towards pop appeal, the Motown sound typically used 2242:

Jobete Publishing office, 1961 – sales, billing, collections, shipping, and public relations

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Jon Fitzgerald (January 1995). "Motown Crossover Hits 1963–1966 and the Creative Process".

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Rickey Vincent, "Louder Than a Bomb: On The Sounds of Black Power" (review of Pat Thomas,

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issued the releases for Motown from 1963 to 1965, when the Tamla Motown label was created.

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of his right hand, and created many of the basslines apparent on Motown songs such as "

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Pitts, Leonard, Jr. “The Motown Factor”. Jazziz. Issue 20.12. Dec. 2003. 60–62. Print.

5078:"Ethiopia Habtemariam, Motown Records' New CEO, on Recentering Black Music in Culture" 5044: 3942:

for the first time in nearly 30 years. This time around, it will be relaunched under

2573:" by Mary Wells were Motown's first British top-20 hits). Eventually, EMI created the 8057: 7922: 7917: 7870: 7320: 7295: 7212: 7100: 7080: 6895: 6865: 6831: 6722: 6561: 6540: 6522: 6472: 6151: 6037: 5991: 5370: 5263: 5191: 4944: 4793: 4723: 4720:

from 1973 to 1975 but switched to Motown distribution until the label folded in 1977.

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Jointly with YRN The Label (formerly with Quality Control Music and Capitol Records)

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Check-Mate Records: Short-lived (1961–1962) R&B/soul subsidiary, purchased from

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as an imprint devoted solely to positive R&B and hip hop. Tamla Records slogan:

1248: 8178: 8128: 7907: 7707: 7611: 7391: 7353: 7262: 7242: 7202: 7182: 7117: 6937: 6757: 6502: 6139: 5900: 4821: 4717: 4713: 4603: 4525: 4431: 4153: 4097:" by Diana Ross & the Supremes with the Temptations, as well as the successful 3982: 3843: 3829: 3662: 3631: 3303: 3152: 2952: 2890: 2866: 2784: 2638: 2596: 2466: 2332: 2231: 2124: 2108: 2097: 2085: 1976: 1916: 1243: 1100: 928: 863: 843: 752: 5839: 5045:"Motown Records Leads the 2018 Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame Class of Inductees" 3147:

Jointly with YRN The Label, Quality Control Music (formerly with Capitol Records)

2533:

In the United Kingdom, Motown's records were released on various labels: at first

8432: 8223: 7875: 7712: 7689: 7664: 7644: 7596: 7568: 7553: 7525: 7500: 7477: 7358: 7270: 7110: 7090: 7075: 6968: 6942: 6801: 6659: 6608: 6588: 6555: 6534: 6446: 6351: 6232: 6143: 6090: 4781: 4752: 4686: 4592: 4588: 4297: 4237: 4137: 4029: 3978: 3934: 3930: 3884: 3721: 3670: 3431: 3123: 3116: 3001: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2912: 2707: 2683: 2544: 2442: 2399: 2379: 2367: 2308: 2159: 2128: 2116: 1271: 1078: 828: 747: 6179:"Historic Label Tamla Records Relaunched As 'Positive' Hip-Hop, R&B Imprint" 4668:, from 1969 to 1972 (prior to that, the label was distributed by Vault Records). 2445:). Many more Motown-owned labels released recordings in other genres, including 8248: 7974: 7740: 7702: 7679: 7558: 7515: 7348: 7330: 7230: 7152: 7027: 7022: 6851: 6823: 6776: 6627: 6315: 4775: 4646: 4638: 4634: 4610: 4562: 4528: 4467: 4435: 4384: 4324: 4265: 4230: 4157: 4072: 4002: 3852: 3838: 3821: 3809: 3728:

movement. Smokey Robinson said the Motown sound had little to do with Detroit:

3698: 3674: 3615: 3389: 2948: 2846: 2826: 2772: 2719: 2701: 2672: 2559:" by Little Stevie Wonder was one of many). In 1963, Motown signed with EMI's 2534: 2173: 1730: 1155: 1125: 883: 873: 704: 6645: 6506: 8426: 8203: 8143: 8082: 8025: 7912: 7783: 7649: 7396: 7381: 7247: 7225: 7192: 6903: 6806: 6747: 6717: 6530: 6258: 6009: 5082: 4811: 4665: 4471: 4444: 4439: 4416: 4410: 4353: 4293: 4190: 4149: 4114: 4057: 3994: 3974: 3954: 3926: 3883:

Many of the young artists participated in an annual package tour called the "

3773: 3725: 3710: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3605: 3588: 3559: 3329: 3217: 2960: 2940: 2936: 2822: 2752: 2727: 2663: 2659: 2633: 2613: 2523: 2359: 2355: 2328: 2324: 2289: 2263: 2259: 2219: 2193: 2185: 2177: 2081: 2045: 1992: 1972: 1912: 1799: 1794: 30:

This article is about the record label. For the city known by that name, see

2514:

were taken). In 1968, Gordy purchased the Donovan building on the corner of

8208: 8062: 7386: 7310: 7187: 7177: 6947: 6727: 6375: 5187: 4943:(1st ed.). Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press. p. 198. 4763: 4693: 4675: 4584: 4521: 4420: 4370: 4270: 4226: 4185: 4133: 4118: 4037: 3966: 3918: 3856: 3805: 3797: 3702: 3690: 3642: 3596: 3464: 3277: 3244: 3069: 2908: 2811: 2741: 2650: 2644: 2426: 2383: 2371: 2343: 2339: 2255: 2215: 2181: 2155: 2151: 2136: 1877: 1283: 1095: 823: 686: 2802:

During the 1990s, Motown was home to successful recording artists such as

8303: 8228: 8102: 7897: 7892: 7659: 7601: 7548: 7510: 7505: 7085: 7052: 7042: 6790: 6737: 5929: 4671: 4654: 4642: 4572: 4536: 4532: 4316: 4210: 4145: 4053: 4041: 4010: 3986: 3922: 3877: 3825: 3813: 3789: 3785: 3563: 3290: 3198: 3054: 3008: 2932: 2882: 2850: 2807: 2803: 2780: 2764: 2712: 2617: 2430: 2387: 2378:

named after himself (though it was originally called "Miracle") featured

2363: 2300:", the Miracles' first number 1 R&B hit, peaked at number two on the 2297: 2132: 2093: 2065: 1961: 1889: 1885: 1449: 1105: 958: 838: 622: 177: 127: 104: 6977: 5925:"Soul Metal Outfit Invasion On The Power Of Motown, Metallica And Magic" 3614:

vocal riffs were avoided. Motown producers believed steadfastly in the "

2530:, and its recording studio became "Studio B" to Hitsville's "Studio A". 8298: 8278: 8153: 8148: 8067: 7887: 7674: 7363: 7235: 6613: 5402: 5049: 4658: 4649:. The label operated throughout most of the 1990s. Its roster included 4487: 4479: 4328: 4249: 4165: 4045: 4006: 3990: 3962: 3873: 3847:, whose recording and production were modelled after the Motown sound. 3686: 3600: 3576: 3520: 3405: 3319: 3172: 3100: 2928: 2874: 2842: 2760: 2756: 2668: 2347: 2293: 2285: 2037: 2025: 2021: 2017:

announced that she would be stepping down as chairwoman/CEO of Motown.

1932: 554: 293: 181: 6514: 4553:. Label sequence starts at 99004 to 99008, the final recording being " 3583:, prominent and often melodic electric bass-guitar lines, distinctive 8368: 8363: 8353: 8348: 8343: 7958: 7057: 6603: 4917: 4806: 4621: 4550: 4406: 4335: 4320: 4312: 3998: 3970: 3938: 3706: 3580: 3572: 3515: 2768: 2581:" by the Supremes was the first Tamla Motown release in March 1965). 2351: 2272:

ITMI (International Talent Management Inc.) office, 1966 – management

1936: 1779: 1120: 853: 632: 459: 4968:"Ethiopia Habtemariam Named Senior Vice President of Motown Records" 3641:

Many of Motown's best-known songs, including all the early hits for

2818:. PolyGram purchased Motown from Boston Ventures three years later. 8258: 6127: 4674:: Motown distributed output for CTI Records, a jazz label owned by 4173: 3749:, New York, L.A.—almost every big city. And we still got the sound. 3571:

Motown specialized in a type of soul music it referred to with the

3547: 3188: 2976: 2854: 2815: 2549:("Please Mr. Postman" by the Marvelettes was one of four) and then 2245:

Berry Gordy Jr. Enterprise, 1962 – offices for Berry Gordy Jr. and

2084:. Gordy soon became part of a group of songwriters—with his sister 2077: 2073: 2033: 1965: 1923:

success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including

1165: 1090: 1083: 7933: 5019:"Brandon Creed Joins Universal Republic And Island Def Jam Motown" 4664:

Chisa Records: Motown released output for Chisa, a label owned by

3724:. In the United Kingdom, the Motown sound became the basis of the 3634:

did with "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" and the Temptations' "

2342:

hits. Top artists on the Motown label during that period included

8123: 8092: 8087: 7966: 7942: 6617: 4475: 4061: 3742: 3611: 3418: 2858: 2776: 2490: 2258:(head of artist development and producer of stage performances), 2120: 2069: 1901: 1253: 559: 31: 6581: 6128:"Crossover Fatigue: The Persistence of Gender at Motown Records" 4338:. The Mel-o-dy, Hitsville, and M.C. catalogs are now managed by 2103: 8233: 8072: 6598: 6536:

Where Did Our Love Go?: The Rise & Fall of the Motown Sound

6438:

Listen, Whitey!: the Sights and Sounds of Black Power 1965–1975

4259:

Weed Records: A very short-lived subsidiary. Only one release,

3900: 3584: 3018:

Motown Records joined Interscope Capitol Labels Group in 2024.

2662:, the Four Tops, Gladys Knight & the Pips, and many of the 2602: 2570: 2441:(who had found success before joining Motown, as "The Pips" on 2316: 2052:, and several other artists in the hip-hop and R&B genres. 1160: 5136: 4734: 4462:

Rare Earth Records.: Established in 1969 after the signing of

2230:

The studio that Gordy purchased in 1959 would become Motown's

64: 8358: 8283: 8273: 8198: 8193: 8118: 8077: 6593: 4716:

artists. Manticore was originally distributed in the U.S. by

4202: 3661:). Other important Motown producers and songwriters included 3455: 3162: 3139: 3084: 2996: 2836: 2041: 2029: 933: 6206:"Capitol Brings Back Storied Label Tamla Records: Exclusive" 5309: 4438:, and J. Spencer. It also reissued instrumental albums like 4188:' "Do You Love Me", in 1988, when its inclusion in the film 2748:. Things don't change. Nowadays, of course, Motown is hip." 2457:(country, although it was originally an R&B label), and 8173: 8097: 7844: 4877: 4875: 4628: 4398: 4198: 963: 193: 4708:: A record label created by the members of the rock group 4602:

Motown Latino Records.: Short-lived (1982) subsidiary for

3007:

Motown UK launched in September 2020 under Universal UK's

2600:, with Diana Ross & the Supremes and the Temptations, 6651: 6230: 6001: 5896:"Noby Drops Paranoid R&B Hymn 'It's Never That Deep'" 4850:"A revitalized Capitol Records forges a new path forward" 4086: 3210: 2795:

in parts between 1997 and 2004. It is currently owned by

2732: 4872: 2923:

and placed under the newly created umbrella division of

5099:"Ethiopia Habtemariam to Step Down From Motown Records" 4561:, was withdrawn and transferred to GORDY 7023B as the " 4132:

in 1962. Notable releases included early recordings by

4082: 3828:. The band's career and work is chronicled in the 2002 3183:

Jointly with Quality Control Music and Capitol Records

2723:

desire after you get to a certain level financially."

4712:. Manticore released albums by ELP and various other 5977:(New York: Motown Record Co./Universal Music, 2000). 5973:

Chin, Brian & David Nathan, "Reflections Of..."

4769: 4557:" (for label number 99008) that was recorded in the 2500:

In 1967, Berry Gordy purchased what is now known as

41:"Tamla" redirects here. For people named Tamla, see 5464:"Motown Celebrates 50th Anniversary in Grand Style" 4685:Ecology Records: A very short-lived label owned by 4620:", which was later covered by fellow Motown artist 4315:and Ray Ruff, Hitsville's notable artists included 2020:As of 2023, the label has many acts signed such as 1756:

Unarmed African Americans killed by police officers

2472:Smokey Robinson said of Motown's cultural impact: 2335:, had become a major force in the music industry. 1953:, and the loss of key songwriting/production team 27:Record label originally based in Detroit, Michigan 5990:(Lanham, MD: Cooper Square, 1988; updated 2002). 5013: 5011: 4790:issued the releases for Motown from 1962 to 1963. 4784:issued the releases for Motown from 1961 to 1962. 4778:issued the releases for Motown from 1960 to 1961. 2991:as its Senior Vice President, and operated under 2188:. Harvey Fuqua later married Gwen Gordy in 1961. 8424: 5366:The Nineties: What the F**ck Was That All About? 5304: 5302: 2251:Finance department, 1965 – royalties and payroll 1971:Motown spent much of the 2000s headquartered in 1904:, where the label was originally headquartered. 6604:Complete discography of pre-1986 Motown singles 6557:I Hear a Symphony: Motown and Crossover R&B 6469:I Hear a Symphony: Motown and Crossover R&B 6125: 5259:I Hear a Symphony: Motown and Crossover R&B 4352:Wondirection Records.: A record label owned by 2927:. Notable artists on Universal Motown included 6609:Complete discography of pre-1986 Motown albums 6492: 6231:Mike Callahan, Patrice Eyries, David Edwards. 5868:"YoungBoy Never Broke Again Signs With Motown" 5008: 4998:"A Young Music Executive Takes Over at Motown" 4637:: A hip-hop/R&B label that was founded by 4571:Black Forum Records.: Short-lived (1970–1973) 3961:in 1988. Notable Motown artists have included 2896: 2736:, used to call it Toytown. When I DJ'd on the 2594:TV specials for the Motown artists, including 483:Education of freed people during the Civil War 8008: 6993: 6667: 6529: 6466: 6233:"Gordy Album Discography, Part 1 (1962–1981)" 5617:. Frequencynews.com. May 2014. Archived from 5434:"EMI Completes Acquisition of Jobete Catalog" 5299: 3880:were exempt from artist-development classes. 2453:Reflections and Earl Washington's All Stars, 2311:scored Tamla's first US number-one pop hit, " 1854: 6553: 5176: 4962: 4960: 4168:(their first two singles in 1972 and 1973), 494:Historically black colleges and universities 8473:Labels distributed by Universal Music Group 6054: 6052: 6050: 5640:Angermiller, Michele (September 14, 2020). 5639: 5230: 5228: 5209: 5207: 5160: 5158: 4735:Miscellaneous labels associated with Motown 4107: 3894: 2266:(house choreography), and rehearsal studios 478:Education during the slave period in the US 8538:Black-owned companies of the United States 8015: 8001: 7000: 6986: 6674: 6660: 5986:Williams, Otis & Patricia Romanowski, 4991: 4989: 4296:artists. Notable Mel-o-dy artists include 4281: 3948:"The Sound that Makes the World Go 'Round" 3855:often played his instrument with only the 3645:, were written by the songwriting trio of 3298:Jointly with Universal Music South Africa 2837:Final years of the Motown label: 1999–2005 2172:", written by Gordy and a secretary named 1861: 1847: 801:National Black Caucus of State Legislators 7188:Mad Love and Friends Keep Secrets Records 7007: 6404: 6373: 6313: 5525:"Ne-Yo Leaves Def Jam For Motown Records" 5172: 5170: 4957: 4844: 4842: 2982: 2687:(1975). Other Motown films would include 2584: 2010:to become a standalone label once again. 257:Slavery in the colonial history of the US 6265:. motownjunkies.co.uk. October 2, 2009. 6047: 6010:"Diana Ross: old wine in 'Blue' bottles" 5922: 5522: 5403:"Company – De Passe Jones Entertainment" 5251: 5249: 5225: 5204: 5183:The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music 5155: 4938: 4629:Independent labels distributed by Motown 4071: 4066:"It's What's in the Grooves that Counts" 2841:By 1998, Motown had added stars such as 2740:circuit, the students wanted me to play 2480: 2102: 6501:(1). Cambridge University Press: 1–11. 6034:Nowhere to Run: The Story of Soul Music 5652:from the original on September 14, 2020 5431: 5292:Ron Thibodeaux, "My Smokey Valentine", 5075: 4995: 4986: 4539:) eventually moved to the parent label. 2225: 2060: 1907:Motown played an important role in the 14: 8425: 6176: 6158:from the original on December 14, 2021 6098:from the original on September 3, 2012 6007: 5955:from the original on December 14, 2021 5523:Williams, Brennan (January 25, 2012). 5383:from the original on December 14, 2021 5296:(New Orleans, La.), February 14, 2009. 5167: 5025:from the original on November 13, 2011 4839: 3679:Nickolas Ashford & Valerie Simpson 3272:Jointly with Blacksmith Entertainment 1983:. From 2011 to 2014, it was a part of 7996: 6981: 6655: 6417:from the original on October 12, 2014 6386:from the original on October 12, 2014 6344: 6239:from the original on October 12, 2014 6083: 6077: 6008:Yourse, Robyn-Denise (May 19, 2006). 5535:from the original on February 7, 2012 5444:from the original on January 28, 2021 5334: 5255: 5246: 5143:from the original on October 18, 2012 5096: 4894:from the original on February 5, 2021 4860:from the original on February 3, 2015 3887:", which was popular, first, on the " 3866: 3370:Jointly with Puzzlepiece and Zoe Boi 2526:). In the same year, Gordy purchased 2279: 999:Athletic associations and conferences 488:History of African-American education 6635:What Makes Motown Sound Like Motown? 6203: 6086:"Raphael Saadiq: This Years Vintage" 5642:"Motown Records Launches UK Outpost" 5504:from the original on August 11, 2021 5474:from the original on August 11, 2021 5362: 5316:from the original on August 22, 2011 5021:. Universal Music. August 15, 2011. 4974:from the original on January 4, 2013 4881: 4696:on its roster in 1975, but their LP 4205:feel. Notable Soul artists included 3756: 3239:Jointly with Universal Music Canada 2907:In 2005, Massenburg was replaced by 2284:Early Tamla/Motown artists included 2254:Artist personal development, 1966 – 1995:. In 2018, Motown was inducted into 1960:It was an independent company until 922:Association for the Study of African 8528:African-American history in Detroit 7935:International third-party licensees 6326:from the original on March 25, 2015 6269:from the original on April 18, 2014 6036:. New York: Da Capo Press. p. 187. 5407:Home – De Passe Jones Entertainment 5057:from the original on August 4, 2020 4419:.: A short-lived label featuring a 4081:Tamla Motown Records: Motown's non- 2889:in 1999). The Temptations left for 2861:, and Motown was absorbed into the 2539:(only the Miracles' "Shop Around"/" 2146:In 1958, Gordy wrote and produced " 2006:In 2021, Motown separated from the 1997:Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame 1736:Race and ethnicity in the US census 1237:African-American Vernacular English 806:National Conference of Black Mayors 24: 6648:, 2009 BBC Documentary, at YouTube 6486: 6345:Leigh, Spencer (October 4, 2005). 5923:Eglinton, Mark (August 18, 2009). 5595:from the original on April 6, 2014 5139:. Motown Museum. August 24, 2011. 4970:. Billboard.biz. August 10, 2011. 4882:Cruz, Gilbert (January 12, 2009). 4300:. The label was dissolved in 1965. 3919:Smokey Robinson & the Miracles 3910: 3348:Jointly with The Affiliate Nation 2338:From 1961 to 1971, Motown had 110 1975:as a part of the UMG subsidiaries 939:National Black Chamber of Commerce 25: 8549: 8508:Record labels established in 1959 8498:Record labels based in California 8448:African-American cultural history 7946:(South Korea (JYP Entertainment)) 7140:Interscope Geffen A&M Records 6575: 6062:Standing in the Shadows of Motown 4770:British (pre-Tamla Motown) labels 4397:Workshop Jazz Records.: Motown's 3899:In order to avoid accusations of 3834:Standing in the Shadows of Motown 3595:singing style that originated in 2853:to its roster. In December 1998, 1928: 1643:Places by plurality of population 309:Civil rights movement (1954–1968) 299:Civil rights movement (1865–1896) 252:Abolitionism in the United States 8453:Companies based in New York City 8405: 8393: 8024: 7812:Universal Music Publishing Group 6560:. University of Michigan Press. 6539:. University of Illinois Press. 6471:. University of Michigan Press. 6460: 5432:Brandle, Lars (March 31, 2004). 5413:from the original on May 8, 2019 5262:. University of Michigan Press. 5097:Aswad, Jem (November 29, 2022). 5076:Millman, Ethan (March 8, 2021). 4996:Sisario, Ben (August 10, 2011). 4916:. Motown Records. Archived from 3624:I Heard It Through the Grapevine 1818: 340:Black Belt in the American South 63: 8533:American corporate subsidiaries 8503:Record labels based in Michigan 8438:1959 establishments in Michigan 6594:Official Classic Motown website 6582:Official Motown Records website 6429: 6398: 6367: 6338: 6307: 6281: 6251: 6224: 6197: 6170: 6119: 6110: 6026: 5980: 5967: 5937: 5916: 5888: 5860: 5846: 5832: 5818: 5804: 5790: 5776: 5762: 5748: 5734: 5720: 5706: 5692: 5678: 5664: 5633: 5607: 5577: 5547: 5516: 5486: 5456: 5425: 5395: 5363:Robb, John (October 31, 2010). 5356: 5328: 5286: 5237: 5216: 5129: 5120: 5111: 5090: 4507:Morocco Records.: Acronym for " 4358:Gary Byrd and the GB Experience 4303:Hitsville Records.: Founded as 4026:"If It's a Hit, It's a Miracle" 3496: 3482:Jointly with Never Broke Again 3450:Jointly with Never Broke Again 2925:Universal Motown Republic Group 2821:In 1994, Busby was replaced by 2506:Boston-Edison Historic District 2495:Boston-Edison Historic District 1981:Universal Motown Republic Group 944:National Council of Negro Women 8513:Rhythm and blues record labels 8458:Companies based in Los Angeles 6702:The Island Def Jam Music Group 6405:Mike Callahan, David Edwards. 6374:Mike Callahan, David Edwards. 6314:Mike Callahan, David Edwards. 6177:Sexton, Paul (June 21, 2023). 5256:Flory, Andrew (May 30, 2017). 5069: 5037: 4932: 4906: 4346: 4207:Jr. Walker & the All-Stars 2993:The Island Def Jam Music Group 2465:, explored blues-oriented and 2423:Jr. Walker & the All Stars 2092:—who wrote songs for Wilson. " 1985:The Island Def Jam Music Group 1741:Racism against Black Americans 13: 1: 7746:Universal Music Group Nigeria 7096:Capitol Christian Music Group 5335:Grein, Paul (June 11, 1988). 4827: 3944:Capitol Christian Music Group 3426:Jointly with Quality Control 3359:Jointly with You'll Find Out 3314:Jointly with Quality Control 3285:Jointly with Zero Point Nine 3225:Jointly with Quality Control 2543:" and "Ain't It Baby"), then 2184:, nephew of Charlie Fuqua of 949:National Pan-Hellenic Council 7751:Universal Music South Africa 7708:Republic Records Philippines 6407:"Prodigal Album Discography" 6144:10.1080/14680777.2012.737344 6084:Lewis, Pete (May 22, 2009). 5856:– via music.apple.com. 5842:– via music.apple.com. 5828:– via music.apple.com. 5814:– via music.apple.com. 5800:– via music.apple.com. 5786:– via music.apple.com. 5772:– via music.apple.com. 5758:– via music.apple.com. 5744:– via music.apple.com. 5730:– via music.apple.com. 5716:– via music.apple.com. 5702:– via music.apple.com. 5688:– via music.apple.com. 5674:– via music.apple.com. 4941:This is Detroit, 1701 – 2001 4939:Woodford, Arthur M. (2001). 4832: 4726:: A record label founded by 4498:'s #3 pop single for Motown 4215:Gladys Knight & the Pips 4015:"The Sound of Young America" 3618:" (keep it simple, stupid). 2887:one more album for the label 2485:Berry Gordy House, known as 2439:Gladys Knight & the Pips 1949:Following the events of the 1900:, has become a nickname for 1751:School segregation in the US 1289:Black American Sign Language 1263:Languages and other dialects 7: 8412:Rhythm and blues portal 7970:(South Korea (HYBE Labels)) 7779:Universal Music Enterprises 6451:Los Angeles Review of Books 5784:"Rather Be – A COLORS SHOW" 4884:"A Brief History of Motown" 4800: 4309:Melodyland Christian Center 4117:. Notable artists included 3439:Jointly with EZMNY Records 3209:Jointly with Motown UK and 3046:Releases (under the label) 2897:Universal Motown: 2005–2011 2589:After the songwriting trio 1991:, now operating out of the 1919:-owned label that achieved 578:African-American businesses 10: 8554: 7854:Non-UMG distributed labels 7817:Universal Production Music 6958:Motown singles discography 6681: 6259:"Miracle | Motown Junkies" 6212:. Penske Media Corporation 5812:"No Pressure (Pt. 1) – EP" 4914:"History – Classic Motown" 4728:YoungBoy Never Broke Again 4710:Emerson, Lake & Palmer 4286: 4095:Why (Must We Fall in Love) 3760: 3667:William "Mickey" Stevenson 3472:YoungBoy Never Broke Again 3413:Jointly with Love Records 3032: 3025: 2900: 2825:, the entrepreneur behind 2787:, who renamed the company 2321:William "Mickey" Stevenson 2170:Money (That's What I Want) 2055: 2050:YoungBoy Never Broke Again 1999:in a ceremony held at the 1116:Great Dismal Swamp maroons 791:Congressional Black Caucus 758:African Diaspora Religions 545:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 40: 29: 8381: 8334: 8318: 8311: 8291: 8266: 8241: 8216: 8186: 8161: 8136: 8111: 8050: 8038: 7853: 7827: 7804: 7791:Universal Music Indonesia 7769: 7741:Def Jam Recordings Africa 7721: 7688: 7635: 7622:Universal Music Hong Kong 7587: 7579:Universal Music On Demand 7539: 7491: 7478:Mercury Records Australia 7453: 7440:Capitol Records Nashville 7430:Mercury Nashville Records 7415: 7372: 7339: 7281:Young Money Entertainment 7261: 7211: 7138: 7066: 7015: 6966: 6953:Motown albums discography 6930: 6862:Natural Resources Records 6766: 6710: 6689: 6507:10.1017/s0261143000007601 6020:News World Communications 5391:– via Google Books. 4377:by Trendz of Culture and 4340:Mercury Nashville Records 4076:One of Tamla Motown logos 4013:. Motown Records slogan: 3861:Up the Ladder to the Roof 3558: 3553: 3545: 3540: 3529: 3508: 3503: 3475: 3393: 3313: 3307: 3232: 3202: 3182: 3176: 3146: 3133: 3127: 3110: 3104: 3094: 3088: 3073: 3021: 2915:. Motown was merged with 2579:Stop! In the Name of Love 2398:, released recordings by 1623:US states and territories 924:American Life and History 646:Lift Every Voice and Sing 355:Treatment of the enslaved 188: 173: 165: 157: 110: 100: 82: 71: 62: 55: 8518:Soul music record labels 8400:United States portal 7835:Eagle Rock Entertainment 7796:Universal Music Malaysia 7756:Blue Note Records Africa 7463:Island Records Australia 6697:Universal Motown Records 6376:"M.C. Album Discography" 6316:"Weed Album Discography" 6126:Laurie, Timothy (2012). 6067:Santa Monica, California 6032:Hirshey, Gerri (1994 ). 5585:"Island Def Jam Is Over" 4680:Sony Music Entertainment 4543: 4535:(via their lead singer, 4123:Martha and the Vandellas 4121:and The Del-Phis (later 4108:Secondary R&B labels 4064:. Gordy Records slogan: 4034:Martha and the Vandellas 3895:Motown subsidiary labels 3337:Jointly with Blacksmith 2945:Forever the Sickest Kids 2921:Universal Motown Records 2903:Universal Motown Records 2873:, and new Motown artist 2461:, whose acts, including 2392:Martha and the Vandellas 2001:Charles H. Wright Museum 1825:United States portal 1232:African-American English 743:African-American Muslims 304:Jim Crow era (1896–1954) 7861:Big Machine Label Group 7163:Aftermath Entertainment 6824:London American Records 6445:April 19, 2013, at the 6347:"Obituaries – Ray Ruff" 4788:Oriole American Records 4776:London American Records 4609:. Its only artist was 4456: 4391: 4282:Additional genre labels 2569:" by the Supremes and " 1946:between 1960 and 1969. 1746:Reparations for slavery 834:Back-to-Africa movement 733:Black Hebrew Israelites 611:African-American beauty 36:Motown (disambiguation) 8443:African-American music 7840:PolyGram Entertainment 7723:Universal Music Africa 7627:Universal Music Taiwan 7612:Republic Records China 7607:PolyGram Records China 7407:Universal Music México 7402:Universal Music Latino 7374:UM Latin Entertainment 7316:Universal Arabic Music 7253:Verve Forecast Records 6911:Three Brothers Records 6733:Holland–Dozier–Holland 6587:March 5, 2021, at the 6467:Flory, Andrew (2017). 6132:Feminist Media Studies 6059:Justman, Paul (2002). 5648:. Variety Music, LLC. 4577:Martin Luther King Jr. 4567:Martin Luther King Jr. 4201:feel and/or more of a 4170:The Devastating Affair 4077: 3818:Richard "Pistol" Allen 3751: 3647:Holland–Dozier–Holland 3636:Ain't Too Proud to Beg 3400:Jointly with Brand Nu 3095:Jointly with Compound 3028:List of Motown artists 2983:Relaunch: 2011–present 2789:de Passe Entertainment 2591:Holland–Dozier–Holland 2585:Los Angeles: 1972–1998 2497: 2479: 2216:Gordy's family members 2165:Tammy and the Bachelor 2112: 2013:On November 29, 2022, 1955:Holland–Dozier–Holland 1216:Dialects and languages 376:Second Great Migration 88:; 65 years ago 34:. For other uses, see 8468:Universal Music Group 8327:Urban (industry term) 7680:Virgin Records France 7655:Island Def Jam France 7617:Universal Music China 7597:Capitol Records China 7445:EMI Records Nashville 7198:Cinematic Music Group 7128:Quality Control Music 7009:Universal Music Group 6923:Workshop Jazz Records 6848:Motown Latino Records 6828:Mad Sounds Recordings 6554:Andrew Flory (2017). 6071:Artisan Entertainment 5500:. November 12, 2009. 5470:. November 18, 2009. 5468:michiganchronicle.com 5342:The Los Angeles Times 5312:. Motownmansion.com. 5310:"The Motown Mansion!" 4565:" speech by Rev. Dr. 4501:I've Never Been To Me 4484:Stoney & Meatloaf 4450:Grover Washington Jr. 4172:, and Los Angeles DJ 4091:I Second That Emotion 4075: 3730: 3713:, and Gordy himself. 3113:Quality Control Music 2901:Further information: 2863:Universal Music Group 2833:served as president. 2797:Sony Music Publishing 2696:Thank God It's Friday 2609:Goin' Back to Indiana 2606:with Diana Ross, and 2567:Where Did Our Love Go 2484: 2474: 2346:(initially including 2106: 1951:Detroit Riots of 1967 1882:Universal Music Group 1628:US metropolitan areas 1455:List of neighborhoods 1069:Alabama Creole people 1059:African-American Jews 991:Negro league baseball 954:National Urban League 906:Civic/economic groups 738:African-American Jews 628:African-American hair 490:, after the Civil War 319:Post–civil rights era 86:January 12, 1959 76:Universal Music Group 8322:Contemporary R&B 8031:Black American music 7736:Motown Gospel Africa 7650:Decca Records France 7645:Capitol Music France 7435:Lost Highway Records 6920:Wondirection Records 6908:Tamla-Motown Records 6743:Esther Gordy Edwards 6015:The Washington Times 5615:"Frequency Magazine" 5186:(Concise ed.). 5004:on January 17, 2016. 4856:. February 3, 2015. 4740:Groovesville Records 4699:Sad Wings of Destiny 4651:Another Bad Creation 4607:Latin American music 3695:William Weatherspoon 2989:Ethiopia Habtemariam 2793:EMI Music Publishing 2678:Lady Sings the Blues 2528:Golden World Records 2247:Esther Gordy Edwards 2226:West Grand Boulevard 2208:United Sound Systems 2061:Beginnings of Motown 2015:Ethiopia Habtemariam 1884:. It was founded by 1785:Criminal stereotypes 1560:District of Columbia 1277:Afro-Seminole Creole 719:Non-Christian groups 314:Black power movement 278:during the Civil War 247:Atlantic slave trade 8254:Chopped and screwed 8042:American folk music 7903:Nickelodeon Records 7881:Walt Disney Records 7805:Publishing division 7761:Virgin Music Africa 7698:Def Jam Philippines 7483:EMI Music Australia 7291:Boominati Worldwide 7286:American Recordings 7221:Deutsche Grammophon 7068:Capitol Music Group 6900:Summer Camp Records 6870:Ocean Front Records 6781:Black Forum Records 6646:The Motown Invasion 6625:interviewed on the 6453:, October 17, 2012. 4920:on January 11, 2017 4760:Summer Camp Records 4618:I Was Born This Way 4307:in 1974. After the 4100:Motown Chartbusters 4050:The Mary Jane Girls 3863:" by the Supremes. 3802:Eddie "Bongo" Brown 3693:, James Dean & 2162:from the 1957 film 2115:In 1957, Gordy met 2008:Capitol Music Group 1989:Capitol Music Group 1964:bought it in 1988. 1181:Sierra Leone Creole 1142:Specific ancestries 1027:Southwestern (SWAC) 550:Black History Month 381:New Great Migration 335:Agriculture history 118:Capitol Music Group 8478:Culture of Detroit 8463:History of Detroit 8053:Early 20th century 7866:Disney Music Group 7703:Island Philippines 7531:Universal Classics 7521:Def Jam Recordings 7473:Modular Recordings 7468:Golden Era Records 7341:Virgin Music Group 7326:Def Jam Recordings 7301:Casablanca Records 7276:Cash Money Records 7173:Dreamville Records 7148:Interscope Records 6882:Rare Earth Records 6784:Check-Mate Records 6183:udiscovermusic.com 5945:"The Motown Story" 5876:. October 24, 2022 5728:"SOLDIERS STEPPIN" 5294:The Times-Picayune 5190:. p. 879/80. 4817:Motown discography 4581:Stokely Carmichael 4559:Graystone Ballroom 4305:Melodyland Records 4223:the Fantastic Four 4103:series of albums). 4078: 3867:Artist development 3591:structures, and a 3013:Virgin EMI Records 2746:Velvet Underground 2675:biographical film 2498: 2463:the eponymous band 2313:Please Mr. Postman 2280:Detroit: 1959–1972 2199:Michigan Chronicle 2113: 1935:with a mainstream 1909:racial integration 1190:Sexual orientation 1064:Afro-Puerto Ricans 1017:Mid-Eastern (MEAC) 652:Self-determination 616:Black is beautiful 282:Reconstruction era 43:Tamla (given name) 8523:Soul music genres 8493:Pop record labels 8420: 8419: 8377: 8376: 8058:Call and response 7990: 7989: 7986: 7985: 7923:Ed Banger Records 7918:London Recordings 7871:Hollywood Records 7296:Brushfire Records 7213:Verve Label Group 7101:ForeFront Records 7081:Blue Note Records 6975: 6974: 6896:Stateside Records 6866:Never Broke Again 6856:Motown Yesteryear 6832:Manticore Records 6814:Hitsville Records 6723:The Funk Brothers 6642: 6599:The Motown Museum 6478:978-0-472-12287-5 6295:on April 26, 2012 5565:on April 20, 2012 5498:independent.co.uk 4854:Los Angeles Times 4794:Stateside Records 4724:Never Broke Again 4706:Manticore Records 4555:We Shall Overcome 4380:Rottin ta da Core 4194:revived interest. 3800:; percussionists 3770:the Funk Brothers 3763:The Funk Brothers 3757:The Funk Brothers 3718:Dusty Springfield 3593:call-and-response 3569: 3568: 3535:Detroit, Michigan 3509:Stylistic origins 3494: 3493: 3383:Never Broke Again 2917:Universal Records 2718:John McClain, an 1871: 1870: 1808: 1807: 1706: 1705: 1480:Dallas-Fort Worth 1297: 1296: 1207: 1206: 1151:Americo-Liberians 1034: 1033: 972: 971: 897: 896: 766: 765: 710:Womanist theology 660: 659: 602:Symbols and ideas 388: 387: 267:Antebellum period 262:Revolutionary War 217:African Americans 202: 201: 166:Country of origin 16:(Redirected from 8545: 8483:Music of Detroit 8410: 8409: 8408: 8398: 8397: 8396: 8337: 8316: 8315: 8179:Psychedelic soul 8129:Rhythm and blues 8029: 8028: 8017: 8010: 8003: 7994: 7993: 7979: 7971: 7963: 7955: 7947: 7931: 7930: 7908:Red Bull Records 7771:Other UMG labels 7589:UM Greater China 7392:Fonovisa Records 7354:Caroline Records 7263:Republic Records 7243:Impulse! Records 7203:Downtown Records 7158:Interscope Films 7118:Priority Records 7048:Philippe Flageul 7002: 6995: 6988: 6979: 6978: 6938:Hitsville U.S.A. 6931:Related articles 6878:Prodigal Records 6836:Mel-o-dy Records 6795:Divinity Records 6758:Kedar Massenburg 6676: 6669: 6662: 6653: 6652: 6638: 6571: 6550: 6526: 6482: 6454: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6371: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6342: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6291:. Archived from 6285: 6279: 6278: 6276: 6274: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6204:Mitchell, Gail. 6201: 6195: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6185:. uDiscoverMusic 6174: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6123: 6117: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6094:(1020). London. 6091:Blues & Soul 6081: 6075: 6074: 6056: 6045: 6030: 6024: 6023: 6005: 5999: 5984: 5978: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5941: 5935: 5934: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5904:. 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Archived from 4993: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4964: 4955: 4954: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4879: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4846: 4822:Music of Detroit 4718:Atlantic Records 4714:Progressive rock 4604:Spanish-language 4162:the Four Seasons 4154:the Sisters Love 3983:Jermaine Jackson 3889:Chitlin' Circuit 3844:The Way I See It 3830:documentary film 3663:Norman Whitfield 3632:Norman Whitfield 3530:Cultural origins 3501: 3500: 3304:Bankroll Freddie 3037: 3036: 2953:Four Year Strong 2911:, former CEO of 2891:Atlantic Records 2871:Michael McDonald 2867:Kedar Massenburg 2857:was acquired by 2785:Suzanne de Passe 2639:Music of My Mind 2541:Who's Lovin' You 2467:progressive rock 2333:Norman Whitfield 2232:Hitsville U.S.A. 2109:Hitsville U.S.A. 2098:Lonely Teardrops 1977:Universal Motown 1917:African American 1863: 1856: 1849: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1770:media depictions 1719: 1718: 1614:Population count 1310: 1309: 1244:Liberian English 1223:English dialects 1220: 1219: 1176:Samaná Americans 1101:Creoles of color 1047: 1046: 985: 984: 929:Black conductors 910: 909: 779: 778: 753:Louisiana Voodoo 675: 674: 420:Family structure 403: 402: 350:Military history 345:Business history 276:military history 231: 230: 204: 203: 198: 195: 189:Official website 150: 142: 134: 133:(United Kingdom) 124: 96: 94: 89: 67: 58: 53: 52: 21: 8553: 8552: 8548: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8543: 8542: 8423: 8422: 8421: 8416: 8406: 8404: 8394: 8392: 8373: 8335: 8330: 8307: 8296: 8287: 8271: 8262: 8246: 8237: 8221: 8212: 8191: 8182: 8166: 8157: 8141: 8132: 8116: 8107: 8046: 8034: 8023: 8021: 7991: 7982: 7977: 7969: 7961: 7953: 7945: 7929: 7876:S-Curve Records 7849: 7823: 7800: 7765: 7717: 7713:UMG Philippines 7684: 7670:Romance Musique 7631: 7583: 7569:Polydor Records 7535: 7501:Polydor Records 7487: 7449: 7411: 7368: 7359:Fontana Records 7335: 7271:Mercury Records 7257: 7207: 7134: 7111:Sparrow Records 7091:Harvest Records 7076:Capitol Records 7062: 7038:Manning Doherty 7011: 7006: 6976: 6971: 6969:Category:Motown 6962: 6943:Motortown Revue 6926: 6845:Morocco Records 6842:Mo Jazz Records 6839:Miracle Records 6817:Inferno Records 6802:Fontana Records 6798:Ecology Records 6762: 6706: 6685: 6680: 6637:at Reverb.com, 6616:discography at 6589:Wayback Machine 6578: 6568: 6547: 6489: 6487:Further reading 6479: 6463: 6458: 6457: 6447:Wayback Machine 6434: 6430: 6420: 6418: 6413:. bsnpubs.com. 6403: 6399: 6389: 6387: 6382:. bsnpubs.com. 6372: 6368: 6358: 6356: 6352:The Independent 6343: 6339: 6329: 6327: 6322:. bsnpubs.com. 6312: 6308: 6298: 6296: 6289:"Diana-web.com" 6287: 6286: 6282: 6272: 6270: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6242: 6240: 6235:. bsnpubs.com. 6229: 6225: 6215: 6213: 6202: 6198: 6188: 6186: 6175: 6171: 6161: 6159: 6124: 6120: 6115: 6111: 6101: 6099: 6082: 6078: 6058: 6057: 6048: 6031: 6027: 6006: 6002: 5985: 5981: 5972: 5968: 5958: 5956: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5921: 5917: 5907: 5905: 5894: 5893: 5889: 5879: 5877: 5866: 5865: 5861: 5852: 5851: 5847: 5838: 5837: 5833: 5824: 5823: 5819: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5798:"Gotta Move On" 5796: 5795: 5791: 5782: 5781: 5777: 5768: 5767: 5763: 5754: 5753: 5749: 5740: 5739: 5735: 5726: 5725: 5721: 5712: 5711: 5707: 5698: 5697: 5693: 5684: 5683: 5679: 5670: 5669: 5665: 5655: 5653: 5638: 5634: 5624: 5622: 5613: 5612: 5608: 5598: 5596: 5583: 5582: 5578: 5568: 5566: 5553: 5552: 5548: 5538: 5536: 5529:Huffington Post 5521: 5517: 5507: 5505: 5492: 5491: 5487: 5477: 5475: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5447: 5445: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5414: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5386: 5384: 5377: 5361: 5357: 5347: 5345: 5333: 5329: 5319: 5317: 5308: 5307: 5300: 5291: 5287: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5254: 5247: 5242: 5238: 5233: 5226: 5221: 5217: 5212: 5205: 5198: 5175: 5168: 5163: 5156: 5146: 5144: 5137:"Motown Museum" 5135: 5134: 5130: 5125: 5121: 5116: 5112: 5095: 5091: 5074: 5070: 5060: 5058: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5028: 5026: 5017: 5016: 5009: 4994: 4987: 4977: 4975: 4966: 4965: 4958: 4951: 4937: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4897: 4895: 4880: 4873: 4863: 4861: 4848: 4847: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4803: 4782:Fontana Records 4772: 4753:Ric-Tic Records 4743:Inferno Records 4737: 4687:Sammy Davis Jr. 4631: 4593:Margaret Danner 4589:Langston Hughes 4546: 4459: 4405:All Stars, and 4403:Earl Washington 4394: 4349: 4298:Dorsey Burnette 4289: 4284: 4238:the Velvelettes 4138:the Temptations 4110: 4030:the Temptations 4022:Miracle Records 3979:Michael Jackson 3935:Eddie Kendricks 3931:the Marvelettes 3913: 3911:Major divisions 3897: 3885:Motortown Revue 3869: 3820:; and bassists 3778:Johnny Griffith 3765: 3759: 3753: 3722:the Foundations 3671:Smokey Robinson 3628:What's Going On 3525: 3499: 3432:Leon Thomas III 3117:Capitol Records 3035: 3030: 3024: 3002:Capitol Records 2985: 2973:Aretha Franklin 2969:the Temptations 2965:Smokey Robinson 2913:Elektra Records 2905: 2899: 2839: 2720:A&M Records 2708:The Last Dragon 2629:Let's Get it On 2623:What's Going On 2587: 2552:Oriole American 2516:Woodward Avenue 2511:What's Going On 2451:Earl Washington 2417:A fifth label, 2400:the Velvelettes 2380:the Temptations 2368:the Marvelettes 2309:the Marvelettes 2282: 2228: 2160:Debbie Reynolds 2158:popularized by 2129:the Silhouettes 2117:Smokey Robinson 2063: 2058: 1886:Berry Gordy Jr. 1876:is an American 1867: 1819: 1817: 1810: 1809: 1804: 1760: 1716: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1647: 1609: 1585:Omaha, Nebraska 1550:Historic places 1544: 1436: 1307: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1258: 1217: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1185: 1137: 1079:Black Seminoles 1044: 1043:Sub-communities 1036: 1035: 1022:Southern (SIAC) 982: 974: 973: 968: 923: 907: 899: 898: 893: 810: 776: 768: 767: 762: 748:Nation of Islam 714: 691: 672: 662: 661: 656: 597: 564: 531: 503: 464: 440:Musical theater 400: 390: 389: 371:Great Migration 228: 192: 153: 148: 140: 132: 123:(United States) 122: 92: 90: 87: 56: 51: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8551: 8541: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8418: 8417: 8415: 8414: 8402: 8390: 8382: 8379: 8378: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8340: 8338: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8313: 8309: 8308: 8306: 8301: 8292: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8267: 8264: 8263: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8249:New jack swing 8242: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8217: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8162: 8159: 8158: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8137: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8112: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8051: 8048: 8047: 8039: 8036: 8035: 8020: 8019: 8012: 8005: 7997: 7988: 7987: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7980: 7975:Musica Studios 7972: 7964: 7956: 7948: 7939: 7937: 7928: 7927: 7926: 7925: 7920: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7884: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7863: 7857: 7855: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7831: 7829: 7825: 7824: 7822: 7821: 7820: 7819: 7808: 7806: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7787: 7786: 7775: 7773: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7727: 7725: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7694: 7692: 7690:UM Philippines 7686: 7685: 7683: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7665:Polydor France 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7641: 7639: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7593: 7591: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7545: 7543: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7497: 7495: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7459: 7457: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7421: 7419: 7413: 7412: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7378: 7376: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7349:Virgin Records 7345: 7343: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7333: 7331:Island Records 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7267: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7256: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7231:Decca Classics 7223: 7217: 7215: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7153:Geffen Records 7150: 7144: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7132: 7131: 7130: 7120: 7115: 7114: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7072: 7070: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7033:James Mitchell 7030: 7028:Sherry Lansing 7025: 7023:Lucian Grainge 7019: 7017: 7013: 7012: 7005: 7004: 6997: 6990: 6982: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6934: 6932: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6924: 6921: 6918: 6915: 6914:V.I.P. Records 6912: 6909: 6906: 6901: 6898: 6893: 6890: 6887: 6886:Rayber Records 6884: 6879: 6876: 6874:Oriole Records 6871: 6868: 6863: 6860: 6859:MoWest Records 6857: 6854: 6852:Motown Records 6849: 6846: 6843: 6840: 6837: 6834: 6829: 6826: 6821: 6818: 6815: 6812: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6796: 6793: 6788: 6785: 6782: 6779: 6777:Biv 10 Records 6774: 6770: 6768: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6753:George Jackson 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6714: 6712: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6704: 6699: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6686: 6679: 6678: 6671: 6664: 6656: 6650: 6649: 6643: 6632: 6628:Pop Chronicles 6623:Motown artists 6620: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6577: 6576:External links 6574: 6573: 6572: 6566: 6551: 6545: 6527: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6477: 6462: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6428: 6397: 6366: 6337: 6306: 6280: 6250: 6223: 6196: 6169: 6118: 6109: 6076: 6046: 6025: 6000: 5979: 5966: 5936: 5915: 5887: 5859: 5845: 5831: 5817: 5803: 5789: 5775: 5761: 5747: 5733: 5719: 5705: 5700:"Broken Halls" 5691: 5677: 5663: 5632: 5621:on May 8, 2015 5606: 5591:. April 2014. 5576: 5546: 5515: 5485: 5455: 5424: 5394: 5375: 5355: 5327: 5298: 5285: 5268: 5245: 5236: 5224: 5215: 5203: 5196: 5180:, ed. (1997). 5166: 5154: 5128: 5119: 5110: 5089: 5068: 5036: 5007: 4985: 4956: 4949: 4931: 4905: 4871: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4779: 4771: 4768: 4767: 4766: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4750: 4749:Rayber Records 4747: 4744: 4741: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4731: 4721: 4703: 4690: 4683: 4669: 4662: 4647:Michael Bivins 4639:Bell Biv Devoe 4635:Biv 10 Records 4630: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4614: 4611:Jose Feliciano 4600: 4596: 4569: 4563:I Have A Dream 4545: 4542: 4541: 4540: 4505: 4491: 4468:R. Dean Taylor 4458: 4455: 4454: 4453: 4442:'s 1968 album 4436:Norman Connors 4424: 4414: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4388: 4385:Rottin Razkals 4361: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4343: 4332: 4325:T. G. Sheppard 4301: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4278: 4266:CC Rides Again 4257: 4234: 4231:the Bomb Squad 4195: 4177: 4158:Syreeta Wright 4141: 4126: 4109: 4106: 4105: 4104: 4070: 4069: 4018: 4003:Brian McKnight 3951: 3912: 3909: 3896: 3893: 3868: 3865: 3853:James Jamerson 3841:'s 2008 album 3839:Raphael Saadiq 3822:James Jamerson 3810:Benny Benjamin 3761:Main article: 3758: 3755: 3699:Johnny Bristol 3675:Barrett Strong 3616:KISS principle 3579:to accent the 3567: 3566: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3537: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3523: 3518: 3512: 3510: 3506: 3505: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3484: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3461: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3379: 3376: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3350: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3227: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3034: 3031: 3023: 3020: 2984: 2981: 2949:The Veer Union 2919:to create the 2898: 2895: 2847:Brian McKnight 2838: 2835: 2831:George Jackson 2827:Uptown Records 2773:Jose Feliciano 2673:Billie Holiday 2586: 2583: 2502:Motown Mansion 2487:Motown Mansion 2281: 2278: 2274: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2252: 2249: 2243: 2240: 2227: 2224: 2174:Janie Bradford 2141:United Artists 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 1869: 1868: 1866: 1865: 1858: 1851: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1762: 1761: 1759: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1731:Black genocide 1727: 1724: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1703: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1645: 1640: 1638:US communities 1635: 1630: 1625: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1608: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1595:South Carolina 1592: 1590:North Carolina 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1546: 1545: 1543: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1438: 1437: 1435: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1412:South Carolina 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1392:North Carolina 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1294: 1292: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1260: 1259: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1249:Samaná English 1246: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1204: 1202: 1201: 1199:LGBT community 1195: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1156:Creek Freedmen 1153: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1136: 1135: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1126:Carmel Indians 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1032: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1007:Central (CIAA) 1001: 1000: 996: 995: 994: 993: 983: 980: 979: 976: 975: 970: 969: 967: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 918: 915: 914: 908: 905: 904: 901: 900: 895: 894: 892: 891: 886: 881: 876: 874:Pan-Africanism 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 820: 817: 816: 812: 811: 809: 808: 803: 798: 793: 787: 784: 783: 777: 774: 773: 770: 769: 764: 763: 761: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 724: 721: 720: 716: 715: 713: 712: 707: 705:Black theology 701: 698: 697: 693: 692: 690: 689: 683: 680: 679: 673: 668: 667: 664: 663: 658: 657: 655: 654: 649: 642: 637: 636: 635: 625: 620: 619: 618: 607: 604: 603: 599: 598: 596: 595: 590: 585: 580: 574: 571: 570: 569:Economic class 566: 565: 563: 562: 557: 552: 547: 541: 538: 537: 533: 532: 530: 529: 524: 519: 513: 510: 509: 508:Academic study 505: 504: 502: 501: 496: 491: 485: 480: 474: 471: 470: 466: 465: 463: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 411: 408: 407: 401: 396: 395: 392: 391: 386: 385: 384: 383: 378: 373: 365: 364: 360: 359: 358: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 329: 328: 324: 323: 322: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 290: 289: 279: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 236: 235: 229: 224: 223: 220: 219: 213: 212: 200: 199: 190: 186: 185: 175: 171: 170: 167: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 152: 151: 143: 138:Island Def Jam 135: 130: 125: 120: 114: 112: 111:Distributor(s) 108: 107: 102: 98: 97: 84: 80: 79: 73: 72:Parent company 69: 68: 60: 59: 57:Motown Records 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8550: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8430: 8428: 8413: 8403: 8401: 8391: 8389: 8388: 8384: 8383: 8380: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8341: 8339: 8333: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8317: 8314: 8310: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8144:Rock and roll 8142: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8110: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8083:Boogie-woogie 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8055: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8043: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8018: 8013: 8011: 8006: 8004: 7999: 7998: 7995: 7976: 7973: 7968: 7965: 7960: 7957: 7952: 7949: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7936: 7932: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7915: 7914: 7913:Because Music 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7868: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7852: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7832: 7830: 7828:Film/TV units 7826: 7818: 7815: 7814: 7813: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7803: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7785: 7784:Hip-O Records 7782: 7781: 7780: 7777: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7768: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7731:U-Live Africa 7729: 7728: 7726: 7724: 7720: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7687: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7634: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7586: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7538: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7526:Mercury Tokyo 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7490: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7452: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7425:MCA Nashville 7423: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7417:UMG Nashville 7414: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7397:Machete Music 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7382:Capitol Latin 7380: 7379: 7377: 7375: 7371: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7338: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7306:Federal Films 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7264: 7260: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7248:Verve Records 7246: 7244: 7241: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7226:Decca Records 7224: 7222: 7219: 7218: 7216: 7214: 7210: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7193:Shady Records 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7137: 7129: 7126: 7125: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7106:Motown Gospel 7104: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7065: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7020: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7003: 6998: 6996: 6991: 6989: 6984: 6983: 6980: 6970: 6965: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6929: 6922: 6919: 6916: 6913: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6904:Tamla Records 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6891: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6861: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6847: 6844: 6841: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6819: 6816: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6807:Gordy Records 6805: 6803: 6800: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787:Chisa Records 6786: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773:Blaze Records 6772: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6748:Andre Harrell 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6718:Cholly Atkins 6716: 6715: 6713: 6709: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6690:Parent labels 6688: 6684: 6677: 6672: 6670: 6665: 6663: 6658: 6657: 6654: 6647: 6644: 6641: 6636: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6569: 6567:9780472036868 6563: 6559: 6558: 6552: 6548: 6546:9780252074981 6542: 6538: 6537: 6532: 6531:Nelson George 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6495:Popular Music 6491: 6490: 6480: 6474: 6470: 6465: 6464: 6461:Print sources 6452: 6448: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6432: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6401: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6370: 6354: 6353: 6348: 6341: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6310: 6294: 6290: 6284: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6238: 6234: 6227: 6211: 6210:billboard.com 6207: 6200: 6184: 6180: 6173: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6138:(1): 90–105. 6137: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6113: 6097: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6080: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6043: 6042:0-306-80581-2 6039: 6035: 6029: 6021: 6017: 6016: 6011: 6004: 5997: 5996:0-8154-1218-5 5993: 5989: 5983: 5976: 5970: 5954: 5950: 5949:Rolling Stone 5946: 5940: 5932: 5931: 5926: 5919: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5891: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5863: 5855: 5849: 5841: 5835: 5827: 5821: 5813: 5807: 5799: 5793: 5785: 5779: 5771: 5765: 5757: 5751: 5743: 5737: 5729: 5723: 5715: 5709: 5701: 5695: 5687: 5681: 5673: 5672:"Drip Harder" 5667: 5656:September 14, 5651: 5647: 5643: 5636: 5620: 5616: 5610: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5580: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5550: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5519: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5489: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5428: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5382: 5378: 5376:9781409034421 5372: 5368: 5367: 5359: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5331: 5315: 5311: 5305: 5303: 5295: 5289: 5282: 5271: 5269:9780472036868 5265: 5261: 5260: 5252: 5250: 5243:Flory, p. 31. 5240: 5234:Flory, p. 29. 5231: 5229: 5222:Flory, p. 28. 5219: 5213:Flory, p. 27. 5210: 5208: 5199: 5197:1-85227-745-9 5193: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5173: 5171: 5164:Flory, p. 26. 5161: 5159: 5142: 5138: 5132: 5126:Flory, p. 25. 5123: 5117:Flory, p. 24. 5114: 5106: 5105: 5100: 5093: 5085: 5084: 5083:Rolling Stone 5079: 5072: 5056: 5052: 5051: 5046: 5040: 5024: 5020: 5014: 5012: 5003: 4999: 4992: 4990: 4973: 4969: 4963: 4961: 4952: 4950:0-8143-2914-4 4946: 4942: 4935: 4919: 4915: 4909: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4878: 4876: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4845: 4843: 4838: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4812:Hitsville USA 4810: 4808: 4805: 4804: 4795: 4792: 4789: 4786: 4783: 4780: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4729: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4688: 4684: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4666:Hugh Masekela 4663: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4595:, and others. 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4547: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4472:Pretty Things 4469: 4465: 4461: 4460: 4451: 4447: 4446: 4445:Eivets Rednow 4441: 4440:Stevie Wonder 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4422: 4418: 4417:Blaze Records 4415: 4412: 4411:Verve Records 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4386: 4382: 4381: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4362: 4359: 4355: 4354:Stevie Wonder 4351: 4350: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4299: 4295: 4294:country music 4291: 4290: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4219:the Originals 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4191:Dirty Dancing 4187: 4183: 4178: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4150:G. C. Cameron 4147: 4142: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4130:Gordy Records 4127: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4115:Chess Records 4112: 4111: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3995:Lionel Richie 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3975:the Jackson 5 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3955:hip-hop music 3952: 3949: 3945: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3927:Stevie Wonder 3924: 3920: 3915: 3914: 3908: 3904: 3902: 3892: 3890: 3886: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3864: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3784:; guitarists 3783: 3779: 3775: 3774:Earl Van Dyke 3771: 3764: 3754: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3727: 3726:northern soul 3723: 3719: 3714: 3712: 3711:Stevie Wonder 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3687:Pamela Sawyer 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3659:Eddie Holland 3656: 3653:and brothers 3652: 3651:Lamont Dozier 3648: 3644: 3639: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3608: 3607: 3606:Rolling Stone 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3565: 3561: 3560:Northern soul 3557: 3552: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3489: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3478: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3466: 3463:Jointly with 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3396: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3381:Jointly with 3380: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3344: 3342:Hd4president 3341: 3340: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3330:Vince Staples 3328: 3327: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3310: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3242: 3238: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3218:Layton Greene 3216: 3215: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3179: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3137: 3130: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3114: 3111:Jointly with 3107: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3091: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3071: 3068: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3029: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3005: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2961:Stevie Wonder 2959:and included 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2941:Kelly Rowland 2938: 2937:Melanie Fiona 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2904: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2823:Andre Harrell 2819: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2753:Lionel Richie 2749: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2729: 2728:Pete Waterman 2724: 2721: 2716: 2714: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2697: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2685: 2680: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2664:Funk Brothers 2661: 2660:Martha Reeves 2655: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2646: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2634:Stevie Wonder 2631: 2630: 2625: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2614:the Jackson 5 2611: 2610: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2598: 2592: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2548: 2547: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2524:Super Bowl XL 2521: 2520:Interstate 75 2517: 2513: 2512: 2507: 2504:in Detroit's 2503: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2447:Workshop Jazz 2444: 2440: 2436: 2435:the Originals 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2360:Stevie Wonder 2357: 2356:the Jackson 5 2353: 2352:the Four Tops 2349: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2334: 2330: 2329:Lamont Dozier 2326: 2325:Brian Holland 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2304: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2290:Eddie Holland 2287: 2277: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2264:Cholly Atkins 2261: 2260:Maxine Powell 2257: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2233: 2223: 2221: 2220:Raynoma Liles 2217: 2212: 2209: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2195: 2194:Coral Records 2189: 2187: 2186:the Ink Spots 2183: 2179: 2178:Chess Records 2175: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2082:Jackie Wilson 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2053: 2051: 2047: 2046:Vince Staples 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1993:Capitol Tower 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1973:New York City 1969: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1938: 1934: 1931:, a style of 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1913:popular music 1910: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1880:owned by the 1879: 1875: 1864: 1859: 1857: 1852: 1850: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1801: 1800:Minstrel show 1798: 1796: 1795:Magical Negro 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1712: 1711: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1612: 1606: 1605:West Virginia 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1541: 1540:San Francisco 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1520:New York City 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1439: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1303: 1302: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1227: 1226: 1222: 1221: 1213: 1212: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1171:Nova Scotians 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1146: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1074:Black Indians 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1054: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1040: 1039: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1012:HBCU (HBCUAC) 1010: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1003: 1002: 998: 997: 992: 989: 988: 987: 986: 978: 977: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 920: 919: 917: 916: 913:Organizations 912: 911: 903: 902: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 821: 819: 818: 814: 813: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 788: 786: 785: 782:Organizations 781: 780: 772: 771: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 725: 723: 722: 718: 717: 711: 708: 706: 703: 702: 700: 699: 695: 694: 688: 685: 684: 682: 681: 677: 676: 671: 666: 665: 653: 650: 647: 643: 641: 638: 634: 631: 630: 629: 626: 624: 621: 617: 614: 613: 612: 609: 608: 606: 605: 601: 600: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 575: 573: 572: 568: 567: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 542: 540: 539: 535: 534: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 514: 512: 511: 507: 506: 500: 497: 495: 492: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 475: 473: 472: 468: 467: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 450:Neighborhoods 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 412: 410: 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6728:Harvey Fuqua 6682: 6626: 6556: 6535: 6498: 6494: 6468: 6450: 6437: 6431: 6419:. Retrieved 6410: 6400: 6388:. Retrieved 6379: 6369: 6357:. Retrieved 6350: 6340: 6328:. Retrieved 6319: 6309: 6299:December 12, 6297:. Retrieved 6293:the original 6283: 6271:. Retrieved 6262: 6253: 6241:. Retrieved 6226: 6214:. Retrieved 6209: 6199: 6187:. Retrieved 6182: 6172: 6160:. Retrieved 6135: 6131: 6121: 6112: 6100:. Retrieved 6089: 6079: 6060: 6033: 6028: 6013: 6003: 5987: 5982: 5975:The Supremes 5974: 5969: 5959:December 11, 5957:. Retrieved 5948: 5939: 5928: 5918: 5906:. Retrieved 5899: 5890: 5878:. Retrieved 5871: 5862: 5854:"Luv 4 Rent" 5848: 5834: 5820: 5806: 5792: 5778: 5764: 5750: 5736: 5722: 5708: 5694: 5680: 5666: 5654:. Retrieved 5645: 5635: 5623:. Retrieved 5619:the original 5609: 5597:. Retrieved 5588: 5579: 5567:. Retrieved 5563:the original 5558: 5549: 5537:. Retrieved 5528: 5518: 5506:. Retrieved 5497: 5488: 5476:. Retrieved 5467: 5458: 5448:December 30, 5446:. Retrieved 5437: 5427: 5415:. Retrieved 5406: 5397: 5385:. Retrieved 5365: 5358: 5346:. Retrieved 5340: 5330: 5320:December 12, 5318:. Retrieved 5293: 5288: 5280: 5273:. Retrieved 5258: 5239: 5218: 5188:Virgin Books 5181: 5178:Colin Larkin 5147:December 12, 5145:. Retrieved 5131: 5122: 5113: 5102: 5092: 5081: 5071: 5059:. Retrieved 5048: 5039: 5029:December 12, 5027:. Retrieved 5002:the original 4978:December 12, 4976:. Retrieved 4940: 4934: 4922:. Retrieved 4918:the original 4908: 4896:. Retrieved 4887: 4862:. Retrieved 4853: 4764:Tabu Records 4757:Rich Records 4697: 4694:Judas Priest 4676:Creed Taylor 4585:Elaine Brown 4522:Duke Jupiter 4516: 4512: 4508: 4499: 4443: 4428:Norman Brown 4421:Jack Ashford 4378: 4374: 4371:Tha Mexakinz 4364: 4304: 4275:Weed Records 4274: 4271:Stax Records 4264: 4246:the Monitors 4242:the Spinners 4227:Jimmy Ruffin 4189: 4186:the Contours 4181: 4134:Jimmy Ruffin 4129: 4119:David Ruffin 4098: 4065: 4038:the Contours 4025: 4021: 4014: 3967:the Supremes 3947: 3905: 3898: 3882: 3870: 3857:index finger 3849: 3842: 3832: 3806:Jack Ashford 3798:Eddie Willis 3794:Robert White 3766: 3752: 3738: 3734: 3731: 3715: 3703:Harvey Fuqua 3691:Gloria Jones 3683:Frank Wilson 3643:the Supremes 3640: 3620: 3604: 3597:gospel music 3570: 3554:Other topics 3546:Soul metal, 3504:Motown sound 3497:Motown sound 3490:1 (singles) 3465:Zero Fatigue 3436:3 (singles) 3410:2 (singles) 3397:1 (singles) 3375:Meechy Baby 3278:Tiana Major9 3245:Joy Denalane 3043:Year signed 3017: 3015:) division. 3006: 2986: 2909:Sylvia Rhone 2906: 2879: 2840: 2820: 2812:Jheryl Busby 2801: 2750: 2742:Spooky Tooth 2731: 2725: 2717: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2690:Scott Joplin 2688: 2682: 2681:(1972), and 2676: 2656: 2651:Innervisions 2649: 2648:(1972), and 2645:Talking Book 2643: 2637: 2632:(1973), and 2627: 2621: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2588: 2575:Tamla Motown 2574: 2561: 2551: 2545: 2535: 2532: 2509: 2501: 2499: 2486: 2475: 2471: 2458: 2454: 2446: 2427:Jimmy Ruffin 2418: 2416: 2408:the Monitors 2404:the Spinners 2395: 2394:. A fourth, 2384:the Contours 2375: 2372:the Miracles 2344:the Supremes 2337: 2302: 2283: 2275: 2256:Harvey Fuqua 2229: 2213: 2205: 2197: 2190: 2182:Harvey Fuqua 2163: 2152:Marv Johnson 2145: 2137:the Miracles 2114: 2078:famed singer 2064: 2019: 2012: 2005: 1970: 1959: 1948: 1941: 1929:Motown sound 1925:Tamla-Motown 1924: 1906: 1897: 1893: 1878:record label 1873: 1872: 1698:Sierra Leone 1530:Philadelphia 1500:Jacksonville 1096:Brass Ankles 849:Conservatism 824:Afrocentrism 796:Joint Center 687:Black church 678:Institutions 593:Billionaires 583:Middle class 536:Celebrations 499:Fraternities 50:Record label 47: 8304:Drill music 7978:(Indonesia) 7962:(Caribbean) 7898:Dew Process 7893:ECM Records 7675:PIAS France 7549:EMI Records 7511:Universal D 7506:EMI Records 7086:Astralwerks 7053:Jody Gerson 7043:Bill Ackman 6820:IPG Records 6791:CTI Records 6738:Berry Gordy 6359:January 25, 6162:October 30, 5988:Temptations 5930:The Quietus 5880:October 24, 5742:"To Da Max" 5348:January 29, 4924:October 15, 4898:October 15, 4864:October 30, 4746:IPG Records 4672:CTI Records 4655:Boyz II Men 4643:New Edition 4573:spoken-word 4537:Fizzy Qwick 4347:Hip hop/rap 4317:Ronnie Dove 4261:Chris Clark 4254:Chris Clark 4211:Shorty Long 4184:s Top 40 – 4146:Lesley Gore 4054:Teena Marie 4042:Edwin Starr 4011:Erykah Badu 3987:Boyz II Men 3923:Marvin Gaye 3878:Marvin Gaye 3826:Bob Babbitt 3814:Uriel Jones 3808:; drummers 3790:Joe Messina 3786:Ray Monette 3599:. In 1971, 3577:tambourines 3564:rare groove 3291:Tiwa Savage 3256:TheHxliday 3199:Bree Runway 3055:Erykah Badu 3009:EMI Records 2933:Ryan Leslie 2883:RCA Records 2851:Erykah Badu 2808:Johnny Gill 2804:Boyz II Men 2781:MCA Records 2765:Teena Marie 2713:Ewart Abner 2705:(1978) and 2626:(1971) and 2618:Marvin Gaye 2431:Shorty Long 2421:, featured 2412:Chris Clark 2388:Edwin Starr 2364:Marvin Gaye 2298:Shop Around 2133:End Records 2094:Reet Petite 2090:Billy Davis 2066:Berry Gordy 1962:MCA Records 1890:portmanteau 1766:Stereotypes 1693:Nova Scotia 1575:Mississippi 1535:San Antonio 1515:Los Angeles 1450:Black mecca 1377:Mississippi 1284:Negro Dutch 1106:Dominickers 1050:Multiethnic 959:TransAfrica 869:Nationalism 839:Black power 623:Black pride 588:Upper class 287:Politicians 178:Los Angeles 105:Berry Gordy 8427:Categories 8299:Trap music 8279:Snap music 8068:Spirituals 8033:(timeline) 7888:Roc Nation 7660:MCA France 7554:Capitol UK 7364:V2 Records 7236:Mercury KX 5714:"Edge Off" 5686:"Need You" 5625:October 8, 5599:October 8, 5569:October 8, 5508:August 11, 5478:August 11, 5050:SoulTracks 4828:References 4533:Tiggi Clay 4488:the Rustix 4464:Rare Earth 4329:Jud Strunk 4250:the Elgins 4182:Billboard' 4166:Commodores 4046:Rick James 4007:98 Degrees 3991:Commodores 3963:Mary Wells 3874:Jr. Walker 3782:Joe Hunter 3735:everywhere 3612:melismatic 3601:Jon Landau 3353:Malachiii 3320:Duke Deuce 3173:City Girls 3101:Lil Yachty 3026:See also: 3011:(formerly 2929:Drake Bell 2875:India.Arie 2761:Rick James 2757:Commodores 2669:Diana Ross 2557:Fingertips 2459:Rare Earth 2348:Diana Ross 2294:Mary Wells 2286:Mable John 2192:Chess and 2148:Come to Me 2086:Gwen Gordy 2038:Lil Yachty 2022:City Girls 1933:soul music 1332:California 1306:Population 879:Patriotism 864:Liberalism 844:Capitalism 815:Ideologies 696:Theologies 555:Juneteenth 527:Literature 455:Newspapers 363:Migrations 294:Juneteenth 182:California 149:(reissues) 93:1959-01-12 8369:UK garage 8364:Vaporwave 8354:Synth-pop 8349:Dance-pop 8344:Chillwave 8336:Elsewhere 7959:Tuff Gong 7637:UM France 7602:EMI China 7564:Motown UK 7559:Island UK 7058:Boyd Muir 6533:(2007) . 6523:161468204 6421:March 16, 6390:March 16, 6330:March 16, 6273:March 16, 6243:March 16, 6152:144019819 6102:March 27, 5998:, p. 157. 5908:March 20, 5873:Billboard 5826:"X-Rated" 5770:"Cutlass" 5756:"Love Me" 5438:Billboard 4833:Citations 4807:Album era 4622:Carl Bean 4551:Liz Lands 4407:Four Tops 4336:Mike Curb 4321:Pat Boone 4313:Mike Curb 4024:(slogan: 3999:Dazz Band 3971:Four Tops 3939:Cocoa Tea 3747:Nashville 3707:Gil Askey 3603:wrote in 3581:back beat 3573:trademark 3541:Subgenres 3444:P Yungin 3266:Ted When 2769:Dazz Band 2562:Stateside 2303:Billboard 2125:Get a Job 1942:Billboard 1921:crossover 1790:Hollywood 1780:Blackface 1715:Prejudice 1633:US cities 1510:Lexington 1485:Davenport 1465:Baltimore 1441:US cities 1417:Tennessee 1367:Louisiana 1313:US states 1121:Melungeon 1091:Blaxicans 889:Socialism 854:Garveyism 829:Anarchism 633:Good hair 460:Soul food 430:Folktales 8387:Category 8259:Neo soul 7954:(Israel) 7493:UM Japan 7168:Darkroom 6585:Archived 6443:Archived 6415:Archived 6384:Archived 6355:. London 6324:Archived 6267:Archived 6237:Archived 6156:Archived 6096:Archived 5953:Archived 5650:Archived 5593:Archived 5559:MTV News 5539:March 2, 5533:Archived 5502:Archived 5472:Archived 5442:Archived 5417:March 9, 5411:Archived 5387:March 9, 5381:Archived 5314:Archived 5275:July 28, 5141:Archived 5055:Archived 5023:Archived 4972:Archived 4892:Archived 4858:Archived 4801:See also 4624:in 1977. 4529:new wave 4524:and the 4496:Charlene 4263:'s 1969 4174:Tom Clay 3548:pop-soul 3230:Emanuel 3189:Lil Baby 3040:Artists 2977:Kid Rock 2855:PolyGram 2816:PolyGram 2755:and the 2711:(1985). 2699:(1978), 2693:(1977), 2684:Mahogany 2654:(1973). 2642:(1972), 2577:label (" 2565:label (" 2455:Mel-o-dy 2358:, while 2074:Michigan 2034:Lil Baby 1966:PolyGram 1830:Category 1653:Diaspora 1580:Missouri 1505:Kentucky 1432:Virginia 1402:Oklahoma 1387:New York 1382:Nebraska 1372:Maryland 1347:Illinois 1327:Arkansas 1166:Merikins 1111:Freedmen 1084:Mascogos 884:Populism 775:Politics 670:Religion 640:Stepping 406:Lifeways 242:Timeline 209:a series 207:Part of 174:Location 141:(France) 8224:Electro 8204:Hip-hop 8124:Doo-wop 8093:Rapping 8088:Ragtime 7967:YG Plus 7951:Helicon 7943:Dreamus 6640:Archive 6618:Discogs 6411:article 6380:article 6320:article 6263:article 6216:July 4, 6189:July 4, 6065:(DVD). 5646:Variety 5104:Variety 5061:May 15, 4645:member 4476:Toe Fat 4366:Zig Zag 4287:Country 4093:" and " 4062:DeBarge 3743:Chicago 3626:" and " 3585:melodic 3533:1960s, 3419:Lakeyah 3153:Takeoff 3033:Current 2859:Seagram 2777:DeBarge 2702:The Wiz 2546:Fontana 2491:Detroit 2449:(jazz) 2443:Vee-Jay 2317:A&R 2305:Hot 100 2121:doo-wop 2070:Detroit 2056:History 1944:Hot 100 1902:Detroit 1688:Liberia 1570:Georgia 1565:Florida 1495:Houston 1490:Detroit 1475:Chicago 1460:Atlanta 1352:Indiana 1342:Georgia 1337:Florida 1322:Alabama 1254:Tutnese 1133:Redbone 859:Leftism 560:Kwanzaa 517:Studies 469:Schools 398:Culture 327:Aspects 272:Slavery 234:Periods 226:History 161:Various 101:Founder 91: ( 83:Founded 32:Detroit 8433:Motown 8312:Legacy 8234:Techno 8169:Motown 8073:Gospel 8045:series 7123:Motown 7016:People 6711:People 6683:Motown 6631:(1969) 6614:Motown 6564: 6543: 6521: 6515:853340 6513: 6475: 6150: 6040: 5994: 5373: 5266: 5194: 4947: 4657:, and 4482:, and 4375:Trendz 4225:, and 4060:, and 4058:Switch 4009:, and 3933:, and 3901:payola 3816:, and 3796:, and 3780:, and 3689:& 3390:Brandy 3124:Offset 3049:Notes 3022:Roster 2957:Sinbad 2849:, and 2767:, the 2671:: the 2603:Diana! 2571:My Guy 2536:London 2437:, and 2410:, and 2396:V.I.P. 2390:, and 2370:, and 2354:, and 2340:top 10 2331:, and 2319:chief 2196:. 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