Jefferson Davis - Knowledge

1074: 2587: 2788: 2055: 2218: 2679: 2430: 1976: 2149: 1171: 2815:

appointing people—such as Bragg, Pemberton, and Hood—–who failed to meet expectations, overly trusting long-time friends, and retaining generals—like Joseph Johnston—long after they should have been removed. His need to be seen as always in the right has also been described as a problem. Historians have argued that the time spent vindicating himself took time away from pressing problems and accomplished little. His reactions to criticism made unnecessary enemies and created hostile relationships with the politicians and generals he depended on. It has been argued that his focus on military victory at all costs undermined the values the South was fighting for, such as states' rights and slavery, but provided no alternatives to replace them.

2747: 1647: 1731: 2930: 13540: 13533: 1376: 13958: 1467: 2337:

the blockade prevented this. In his opening address to the fourth session of Congress in December 1863, Davis demanded the Congress pass a direct tax on property despite the constitution. Congress complied, but the tax had too many loopholes and exceptions, and failed to produce the needed revenue. Throughout the existence of the Confederacy, taxes accounted for only one-fourteenth of the government's income; consequently, the government printed money to fund the war, destroying the value of the Confederate currency. By 1865, the government was relying on impressments to fill the gaps caused by lack of finances.

2269: 2346: 12712: 1408:

Davis also argued for the acquisition of Cuba from Spain, seeing it as an opportunity to add the island, a strategic military location and potential slave state. He suggested that the size of the regular army was too small and that its salaries were too meagre. Congress agreed and authorized four new regiments and increased its pay scale. He ended the manufacture of smoothbore muskets and shifted production to rifles, working to develop the tactics that accompany them. He oversaw the building of public works in Washington D.C., including the initial construction of the

1556: 12333: 17473: 2497: 1015: 2819:

public speeches, and trips where he would meet with the public. His policies sustained the Confederate armies through numerous campaigns, buoying Southern hopes for victory and undermining the North's will to continue the war. A few historians have argued that Davis may have been one of the best people available to serve as commander in chief. Though he was unable to win the war, he rose to the challenge of the presidency, pursuing a strategy that not only enabled the Confederacy to hold out as long as it did, but almost achieved its independence.

11547: 11968: 489: 2834: 1861: 2321: 17497: 44: 2771:

basis of an attack upon her social institutions and the sacred Declaration of Independence has been invoked to maintain the position of the equality of the races." In his February 1861 inaugural speech as provisional president of the Confederacy, Davis asserted that the Confederate Constitution, which explicitly prevented Congress from passing any law affecting African American slavery and mandated its protection in all Confederate territories, was a return to the intent of the

17617: 17521: 17509: 17431: 11561: 17441: 1267: 2038:, driving it back to Chattanooga, which he put under siege. Davis visited Bragg to address leadership problems in his army. Davis acknowledged that Bragg did not have the confidence of his subordinates but kept him in command. In mid-November, the Union army counterattacked and Bragg's forces retreated to northern Georgia. Bragg resigned his command; Davis replaced him with Joseph Johnston but retained Bragg as an informal chief of staff. 17583: 11342: 11323: 11304: 1777:. Secretary of War Walker ordered him to withdraw. Davis initially agreed with Walker, but changed his mind and allowed Polk to remain. The violation led Kentucky to request aid from the Union, effectively losing the state for the Confederacy. Walker resigned as secretary of war and was replaced by Judah P. Benjamin. Davis appointed General Albert Sidney Johnston, as commander of the Western Military Department that included much of 17600: 17566: 2775:. When he spoke to Congress in April on the ratification of the Constitution, he stated that the war was caused by Northerners whose desire to end slavery would destroy Southern property worth millions of dollars." In his 1863 address to the Confederate Congress, Davis denounced the Emancipation Proclamation as evidence of the North's long-standing intention to abolish slavery and doom African Americans, who he called an inferior 2767:

encroachments upon this right. In his February 13–14, 1850 speech, Davis declared that slaveholders must be allowed to bring their slaves into federal territories. He stated that slavery does not need to be justified: it was sanctioned by religion and history. He claimed that African Americans were destined for bondage, and their enslavement was a civilizing blessing to them that brought economic and social good to everyone.

11524: 1293:. The Mississippi legislature confirmed his appointment as senator in January 1848. He quickly established himself as an advocate of expanding slavery into the Western territories. He argued that because the territories were the common property of all the United States and lacked state sovereignty to ban slavery, slave owners had the equal right to settle them as any other citizens. Davis tried to amend the 17549: 1991:. Davis saw this as attempt to destroy the South by inciting its enslaved people to revolt, declaring the proclamation "the most execrable measure recorded in the history of guilty man". He requested a law that Union officers captured in Confederate states be delivered to state authorities and put on trial for inciting slave rebellion. In response, the Congress passed a law that Union officers of 1596:. He was chosen because of his political prominence, his military reputation, and his moderate approach to secession, which Confederate leaders thought might persuade undecided Southerners to support their cause. He learned about his election the next day. Davis had been hoping for a military command, but he committed himself fully to his new role. Davis was inaugurated on February 18. 1162:, tariff reductions, and opposition to a national bank. He won the election and entered the 29th Congress. Davis opposed using federal monies for internal improvements, which he believed would undermine the autonomy of the states. He supported the American annexation of Oregon, but through peaceful compromise with Britain. On May 11, 1846, he voted for war with Mexico. 17485: 1510:

Mississippi. Davis said that he appreciated the benefits of Union, but acknowledged that it could be dissolved if states' rights were violated or one section of the country imposed its will on another. Speaking to the Mississippi Legislature on November 16, 1858, Davis stated "if an Abolitionist be chosen President of the United States

1339:. Davis was against the resolutions because he felt they would put the South at a political disadvantage. He opposed the admission of California as a free state without its first becoming a territory, asserting that a territorial government would give slaveowners the opportunity to colonize the region. He also tried to extend the 1201:, for the U.S. Army. Davis expressed his interest in joining the regiment if he was elected its colonel, and in the second round of elections in June 1846 he was chosen. He did not give up his position as a U.S. Representative, but left a letter of resignation with his brother Joseph to submit when he thought it was appropriate. 1538:. Davis counselled moderation after the election, but South Carolina adopted an ordinance of secession on December 20, 1860. Mississippi seceded on January 9, 1861, though Davis stayed in Washington until he received official notification on January 21. Calling it "the saddest day of my life", he delivered a farewell address, 2617:, Mississippi, and to begin writing his memoirs. He agreed, but insisted on paying board. At the time, Davis and Varina lived separately. When Varina came back to the United States, she initially refused to come to Beauvoir because she did not like Davis's close relationship with Dorsey, who was serving as his 2200:, to see if they could pull together an army. They said they could not. On May 5, he met with his cabinet in Washington, Georgia, and officially dissolved the Confederate government. He moved on, hoping to join Kirby Smith's army across the Mississippi. On May 9, Union soldiers found Davis's encampment near 2233:, the provisional government of the Confederacy moved the capital to Richmond. The Confederate federal government had almost no institutional structures in place, lacking an army, navy, treasury, diplomatic missions, and bureaucracy. Davis had to work with the Confederate Congress quickly to create them. 2332:

Davis did not take executive action to create the needed financial structure for the Confederacy. He knew very little about public finance, largely deferring to Secretary of the Treasury Memminger. Memminger's knowledge of economics was limited, and he was ineffective at getting Congress to listen to

2045:

in Confederate cities as people began to suffer food shortages and price inflation. During one riot in Richmond, the mayor of Richmond called the militia when a mob protesting food shortages broke into shops. Davis went to the scene and addressed the protesters, reminding them of their patriotic duty

1947:

In response to the defeat and the lack of coordination, Davis reorganized the command in the West in November, combining the armies in Tennessee and Vicksburg into a department under the overall command of Joseph Johnston. Davis expected Johnston to relieve Bragg of his command, but Johnston refused.

1521:

In February 1860, Davis presented a series of resolutions defining the relationship between the states under the constitution, including the assertion that Americans had a constitutional right to bring slaves into territories. These resolutions were seen as setting the agenda for the Democratic Party

2872:

at Richmond, Virginia, in 1907. In 1961, a centennial celebration reenacted Davis's inauguration in Montgomery, Alabama, with fireworks and a cast of thousands in period costumes. In the early twenty-first century, there were at least 144 Confederate memorials commemorating him throughout the United

2577:

but did not deed any land to him in the will. Davis litigated to obtain Brierfield. A judge dismissed his suit in 1876. He appealed, and the Mississippi supreme court found in his favor in 1878. He foreclosed on the Montgomerys, who were in default on their mortgage. By December 1881, Brierfield was

2305:

declared by the Union. The majority of Congress wanted an embargo to coerce Europe to help the South. Though there was no official policy, cotton was effectively embargoed. By 1862, the price of cotton in Europe had quadrupled and European imports of cotton from the United States were down 96%, but

1923:

In the West, Bragg shifted most of his available forces from Tupelo to Chattanooga in July 1862 for an offensive toward Kentucky. Davis approved, suggesting that an attack could win Kentucky for the Confederacy and regain Tennessee, but he did not create a unified command. He formed a new department

2818:

Other historians have pointed out his strengths. Davis quickly mobilized the Confederacy despite the South's focus on states' rights, and he stayed focused on gaining independence. He was a skilled orator who attempted to share the vision of national unity. He shared his message through newspapers,

2336:

Davis's failure to argue for needed financial reform allowed Congress to avoid unpopular economic measures, such as taxing planters' property—both land and slaves—that made up two-thirds of the South's wealth. At first the government thought it could raise money with a low export tax on cotton, but

2139:

sent a proposal in early 1864 to Davis to enlist African Americans in the army. Davis initially suppressed it, but by the end of the year, he reconsidered and endorsed the idea. Congress passed an act supporting him. It left the principle of slavery intact by leaving it to the states and individual

1407:

from Mexico, partly because he preferred a southern route for the new railroad. The Pierce administration agreed and the land was purchased in December 1853. He presented the surveys' findings in 1855, but they failed to clarify the best route and sectional problems prevented any choice being made.

2249:

when needed. In 1864, he challenged property rights by recommending a direct 5% tax on land and slaves, and implemented the impressment of supplies and slave labor for the military effort. In 1865, Davis's commitment to independence led him to even compromise slavery when he advocated for allowing

1509:

recovering, and gave speeches in Maine, Boston, and New York, emphasizing the common heritage of all Americans and the importance of the constitution for defining the nation. His speeches angered some states' rights supporters in the South, requiring him to clarify his comments when he returned to

2810:

Davis came to the role of commander in chief confident in his military abilities. He had graduated from West Point Military Academy, served in the regular army, and commanded troops in combat. He actively oversaw the military policy of the Confederacy and worked long hours attending to paperwork

2690:

In November 1889, Davis embarked on a steamboat in New Orleans in a cold rain, intending to visit his Brierfield plantation. He fell ill during the trip, but refused to send for a doctor. An employee telegrammed Varina, who came to get him. Davis was diagnosed with acute bronchitis complicated by

2665:

in Atlanta. The tour was a triumph for Davis and got extensive newspaper coverage, which emphasized national unity and the South's role as a permanent part of the United States. At each stop along the way, large crowds came out to cheer Davis, solidifying his image as an icon of the South and the

2380:

on his ankles, required to have guards constantly in his room, forbidden contact with his family, and given only a Bible and his prayerbook to read. Over time, his treatment improved: due to public outcry, the fetters were removed after five days; within two months, the guard was removed from his

1060:

For several years after Sarah's death, Davis spent much of his time developing Brierfield. In 1836, he possessed 23 slaves; by 1840, he possessed 40; and by 1860, 113. He made his first slave, James Pemberton, Brierfield's effective overseer, a position Pemberton held until his death around 1850.

2858:

mythology, placed much of the blame for losing the war on Davis. Into the twentieth century, many biographers and historians have also emphasized Davis's responsibility for the Confederacy's failure to achieve independence. Since the second half of the twentieth century, this assumption has been

2814:

Some historians argue that Davis's personality contributed to the defeat of the Confederacy. His constant attention to minor military details has been used to illustrate an inability to delegate, which led him to lose focus on larger issues. He has been accused of being a poor judge of generals:

2770:

Davis's speeches after secession acknowledged the relationship between the Confederacy and slavery. In his resignation speech to the Senate, delivered 12 days after his state seceded, he said Mississippi "has heard proclaimed the theory that all men are created free and equal, and this made the

2488:

in Virginia because he did not want to damage the school's reputation while he was under indictment. In the summer of 1869, he traveled to Britain and France, but found no business opportunities there. When the federal government dropped its case against him, Davis left his family in England and

2046:

and promising them that he would get food. He then ordered them to disperse or he would command the soldiers to open fire; they dispersed. In October, Davis went on a month-long journey to rally the Confederacy, giving public speeches across the south and meeting with civic and military leaders.

2540:

adversely affected the Carolina Life Company, and Davis resigned in August 1873 when the directors merged the company over his objections. He went to Europe again in 1874 to seek opportunities to earn money, but was still not able to find any. After returning to the United States in 1874, Davis

2236:

Though Davis supported states' rights, he believed the Confederate constitution empowered him with the right to centralize authority to prosecute the war. He worked with the Congress to bring military facilities in the South, which had been controlled by the states, under Confederate authority.

2766:

understanding of the Constitution. He insisted that the states are sovereign, all powers of the federal government are granted by those states, the Constitution recognized the right of states to allow citizens to have slaves as property, and the federal government was obligated to defend

2734:. In May 1893, Davis's remains traveled from New Orleans to Richmond. Along the way, the train stopped at various cities, receiving military honors and visits from governors, and the coffin was allowed to lie in state in three state capitols: Montgomery, Alabama; Atlanta, Georgia; and 10407: 1872:

On February 22, Davis was inaugurated as president. In his inaugural speech, he admitted that the South had suffered disasters, but called on the people of the Confederacy to renew their commitment. He replaced Secretary of War Benjamin, who had been scapegoated for the defeats, with

1231:

in September by leading a charge that took the fort of La Teneria. He then went on a two-month leave and returned to Mississippi, where he learned that Joseph had submitted Davis's resignation from the House of Representatives in October. Davis returned to Mexico and fought in the

2288:

The main objective of Davis's foreign policy was to achieve foreign recognition, allowing the Confederacy to secure international loans, receive foreign aid to open trade, and provide the possibility of a military alliance. Davis was confident that most European nations' economic

2074:

In his address to the Second Confederate Congress on May 2, 1864, Davis outlined his strategy of achieving Confederate independence by exhausting the Union will to fight: If the South could show it could not be subjugated, the North would elect a president who would make peace.

2421:

wanted to argue that Davis did not commit treason because he was no longer a citizen of the United States when Mississippi left the United States. The trial was to be held in Richmond, which might be sympathetic to Davis, and an acquittal could be interpreted as validating the

1134:

Davis and Varina married on February 26, 1845. They had six children: Samuel Emory, born in 1852, who died of an undiagnosed disease two years later; Margaret Howell, born in 1855, who married, raised a family and lived to be 54; Jefferson Davis Jr., born in 1857, who died of

2416:

determined that it was best to try Davis for treason in a civil criminal trial. In June 1866, the House of Representatives passed a resolution by a vote of 105 to 19 to put Davis on trial for treason. Davis also desired a trial to vindicate his actions. His defense lawyer,

2553:

instead. He worked for an English company, the Mississippi Valley Society, to promote trade and European immigration. When he and Varina went to Europe again in 1876, he determined the company was failing. He returned to the United States while Varina stayed in England.

2884:

described it as an act of reconciliation reuniting the people of the United States and expressing the need to establish the nation's founding principles for all. However, Davis's legacy continued to spark controversy into the twenty-first century. Memorials such as the

1575:

informing him that he was available to serve the state. On January 27, 1861, Pettus appointed him a major general of Mississippi's army. On February 9, Davis was unanimously elected to the provisional presidency of the Confederacy by a constitutional convention in

2381:

room, he could walk outside for exercise, and he was allowed to read newspapers and other books. In October, he was moved to better quarters. In April 1866, Varina was permitted to regularly visit him. In September, Miles was replaced by Brevet Brigadier General

2508:

Davis received numerous invitations to speak during this time, declining most. In 1870, he delivered a eulogy to Robert E. Lee at the Lee Monument Association in Richmond in which he avoided politics and emphasized Lee's character. Davis's 1873 speech to the

1320:. After the Senate session following Taylor's inauguration ended in March 1849, Davis returned to Brierfield. He was reelected by the state legislature for another six-year term in the Senate. Around this time, he was approached by the Venezuelan adventurer 1343:

to allow slavery to expand to the Pacific Ocean. He stated that not allowing slavery into the new territories denied the political equality of Southerners, and threatened to undermine the balance of power between Northern and Southern states in the Senate.

1034:, which eventually had 1,700 acres (690 ha) of cultivated fields with over 300 slaves. Joseph loaned him funds to buy ten slaves and provided him with 800 acres (320 ha), though Joseph retained the title to the property. Davis named his section 2140:

owners to decide which slaves could be used for military service, but Davis's administration accepted only African Americans who had been freed by their masters as a condition of their being enlisted. The act came too late to have an effect on the war.

1118:

Within a month of their meeting, 35-year-old Davis and Varina became engaged despite her parents' initial concerns about his age and politics. During the remainder of the year, Davis campaigned for the Democratic party, advocating for the nomination of

2729:

After Davis's funeral, various Southern states requested to be the final resting site for Davis's remains. Varina decided that Davis should be buried in Richmond, which she saw as the appropriate resting place for dead Confederate heroes. She chose

2849:

Although Davis served the United States as a soldier and a war hero, a politician who sat in both houses of Congress, and a cabinet officer, his legacy is mainly defined by his role as president of the Confederacy. After the Civil War, journalist

2188:. Davis wanted to cross the Mississippi River and continue the war, but his generals stated that they did not have the forces. He gave Johnston authorization to negotiate the surrender of his army, but Davis headed south to carry on the fight. 17747: 10419: 924:. Davis frequently challenged the academy's discipline. In his first year, he was court-martialed for drinking at a nearby tavern. He was found guilty but was pardoned. The following year, he was placed under house arrest for his role in the 1689:

When Lincoln informed Davis that he intended to reprovision Fort Sumter, Davis convened with the Confederate Congress on April 8 and gave orders to demand the immediate surrender of the fort or to reduce it. The commander of the fort, Major

2862:

Davis's standing among white Southerners was at a low point at the end of the Civil War, but it rebounded after his release from prison. After Reconstruction, he became a venerated figure of the white South, and he was often depicted as a

2859:

questioned. Some scholars argued that he was a capable leader, while acknowledging his skills were insufficient to overcome the challenges the Confederacy faced and exploring how his limitations may have contributed to the war's outcome.

1896:. Instead, Johnston withdrew from the peninsula without informing Davis. Davis reminded Johnston that it was his duty to not let Richmond fall. On May 31, 1862, Johnston engaged the Union army less than ten miles from Richmond at the 2293:

from the South would quickly convince them to sign treaties with the Confederacy. Cotton had made up 61% of the value of all U.S. exports and the South filled most of the European cloth industry's need for cheap imported raw cotton.

1678:, had not surrendered. Davis preferred to avoid a crisis because the Confederacy needed time to organize its resources. To ensure that no attack on Fort Sumter was launched without his command, Davis had appointed Brigadier General 2867:

who suffered for his nation. His birthday was made a legal holiday in six Southern states. His popularity among white Southerners remained strong in the early twentieth century. Around 200,000 people attended the unveiling of the

2717:

from December 7 to 11. Davis's funeral was one of the largest held in the South; over 200,000 mourners were estimated to have attended. The coffin was transported on a two-mile journey to the cemetery in a modified, four-wheeled

2250:

African Americans to earn their freedom by serving in the military. These policies made him unpopular with states' rights advocates and state governors, who saw him as creating the same kind of government they had seceded from.

2621:. In the summer of 1878, Varina relented, moving to Beauvoir and taking over the role of Davis's assistant. Dorsey died in July 1879, and left Beauvoir to Davis in her will, and he lived there for most of his remaining years. 1309:, who negotiated the treaty, had done so as a private citizen and not a government representative. Instead, he advocated negotiating a new treaty ceding additional land to the United States, and opposed the application of the 2561:, which employed former enslaved African Americans as laborers. After Davis's elder brother, Joseph, successfully applied for a pardon, he regained ownership of Davis Bend. Unable to maintain it, Joseph gave his former slave 1236:

on February 22, 1847. He was wounded in the heel during the fighting, but his actions stopped an attack by the Mexican forces that threatened to collapse the American line. In May, Polk offered him a federal commission as a

2306:

instead of joining with the Confederacy, European cotton manufacturers found new sources, such as India, Egypt and Brazil. By the end of the war, not a single foreign nation had recognized the Confederate States of America.

985:

After Davis's return to Fort Crawford in January 1833, he and Taylor's daughter, Sarah, became romantically involved. Davis asked Taylor if he could marry Sarah, but Taylor refused. In spring, Taylor had him assigned to the

1627:

of Florida for Secretary of the Navy. Davis stood in for Mississippi. During his presidency, Davis's cabinet often changed; there were fourteen different appointees for the positions, including six secretaries of war. On

1435:, which allowed the territory's residents to decide. The passage of this bill led to the demise of the Whig party, which had tried to limit expansion of slavery in the territories. It also contributed to the rise of the 1351:, who had favored the Compromise of 1850. He accepted the nomination and resigned from the Senate, but Foote won the election by a slim margin. Davis turned down a reappointment to his Senate seat by outgoing Governor 827:

during his military service, in 1783. Around 1793, Samuel and Jane moved to Kentucky. Jefferson was born on June 3, 1808, at the family homestead in Davisburg, a village Samuel had established that later became

778:. In the late 19th and the 20th centuries, his legacy as Confederate leader was celebrated in the South. In the twenty-first century, he is frequently criticized as a supporter of slavery and racism, and many of 10827:

Williams, Kenneth H.; Cooper, William J. Jr.; Roland, Charles P. (2003). Williams, Kenneth H. (ed.). "Slavery, the Civil War, and Jefferson Davis: An interview with William J. Cooper Jr. and Charles P. Roland".

860:, three of Davis's brothers served in the military. When Davis was around five, he received a rudimentary education at a small schoolhouse near Woodville. When he was about eight, his father sent him with Major 17877: 2630:, was published in 1881. The book was intended as a vindication of Davis's actions during the war and an argument for the righteousness of secession, though it downplayed slavery's role as a cause of the war. 1877:. Davis kept Benjamin in the cabinet, making him secretary of state to replace Hunter, who had stepped down. In March, Davis vetoed a bill to create a commander in chief for the army, but he selected General 2195:

on April 14, the Union government implicated Davis, and a bounty of $ 100,000 (equivalent to $ 2,000,000 in 2023) was put on his head. On May 2, Davis met with Secretary of War Breckinridge and Bragg in

1995:

could be tried and executed, though none were during the war. The law also stated that captured black soldiers would be turned over to the states they were captured in to be dealt with as the state saw fit.

1765:

by two Confederate forces commanded by Beauregard and Joseph Johnston. After the battle, Davis had to manage disputes with the two generals, both of whom felt they did not get the recognition they deserved.

1073: 2204:. He tried to evade them, but was captured wearing a loose-sleeved cloak and covering his head with a black shawl, which gave rise to depictions of him in political cartoons fleeing in women's clothes. 11332: 2014:

In April, Union forces resumed their attack on Vicksburg. Davis concentrated troops from across the south to counter the move, but Joseph Johnston did not stop the Union forces. Lieutenant General

2529:

explanation of the Civil War. Initially, the society had scapegoated political leaders like Davis for losing the war, but eventually shifted the blame for defeat to the former Confederate general

2906: 1686:

in the vicinity of Charleston, South Carolina. Davis sent a commission to Washington to negotiate the evacuation of the forts, but President of the United States Lincoln refused to meet with it.

12100: 2484:

Despite his financial situation after his prison release, Davis refused work that he perceived as diminishing his status as a former senator and president. He turned down a position as head of

2078:

In early 1864, Davis encouraged Joseph Johnston to take action in Tennessee, but Johnston refused. In May, the Union armies advanced toward Johnston's army, which repeatedly retreated toward

892:. While he was still in college in 1824, he learned that his father Samuel had died. Before his death, Samuel had fallen into debt and sold Rosemont and most of his slaves to his eldest son 3340:

and William Cooper acknowledge that Davis's birth year is uncertain; he may have been born in 1807. William Davis argues that 1807 is more likely correct based on Davis's own writings, his

3348:

written in collaboration with Davis; Cooper argues that 1808 is more likely correct because Davis stated in two letters written in 1858 and 1878 that this was the year his mother told him.

774:. He was released without trial after two years. Immediately after the war, Davis was often blamed for the Confederacy's defeat, but after his release from prison, he became a hero of the 17692: 10993: 1904:

less than a month later, pushing the Union forces back down the peninsula and eventually forcing them to withdraw from Virginia. Lee beat back another army moving into Virginia at the

11089: 2443:

After two years of imprisonment, Davis was released at Richmond on May 13, 1867, on bail of $ 100,000 (~$ 1.79 million in 2023), which was posted by prominent citizens including

17752: 12179: 8328: 2586: 1355:, settling in Brierfield for the next fifteen months. He remained politically active, attending the Democratic convention in January 1852 and campaigning for Democratic candidates 1107:, when he delivered an invitation from Joseph for her to visit the Hurricane Plantation for the Christmas season. At the convention, Davis was selected as one of Mississippi's six 17089: 1956: 1936:

was briefly captured and a Confederate governor was inaugurated, but the attack collapsed, in part due to lack of coordination between the two generals. After a stalemate at the

17408: 17235: 14950: 3303:

Davis used the initial F., but there is no direct evidence what his middle name was. Some historians argue that the claim that it was "Finis" originated in Davis's biography by

2090:. The battles did not stop the Union army and Hood abandoned the city on September 2. The victory raised Northern morale and assured Lincoln's reelection. The Union forces then 17817: 1092:; he served again in 1842. One week before the state election in November 1843, he was chosen to be the Democratic candidate for the Mississippi House of Representatives for 766:

During the Civil War, Davis guided the Confederacy's policies and served as its commander in chief. When the Confederacy was defeated in 1865, Davis was captured, accused of

2657:, convinced Davis to lay the cornerstone for a monument to the Confederate dead in Montgomery, Alabama, and to attend the unveilings of statues memorializing Davis's friend 1494:. If approved, it would have allowed Kansas to be admitted as a slave state. Davis supported it, but it was not accepted, in part because the leading Democrat in the North, 7149: 17722: 11281: 2132:, the chief Confederate diplomat, on a mission to Great Britain and France, offering to gradually emancipate the enslaved people of the South for political recognition. 1065:, maintained at Hurricane Plantation. Around this time, Davis became increasingly engaged in politics, benefiting from his brother's mentorship and political influence. 11251: 2237:

Confederate governors wanted their states' militia available for local defense. Davis knew he needed to deploy military forces to defend the Confederacy as a whole and

2164:

The Union army broke through the Confederate trench lines at the end of March, forcing Lee to withdraw and abandon Richmond. Davis evacuated his family, which included

1450:. Knowing his term was over when the Pierce administration ended in 1857, Davis ran for the Senate once more and re-entered it on March 4, 1857. In the same month, the 17767: 13373: 2787: 12505: 7217: 17802: 17732: 11010: 2121: 11351: 17687: 16918: 11226: 11168:

Speech of Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, on the Subject of Slavery in the Territories. Delivered in the Senate of the United States, February 13 & 14, 1850

17757: 16373: 16368: 11621: 2917:, the Richmond City Council funded the removal of the statue's pedestal, which was completed in February 2022, and ownership of its artifacts was given to the 2493:

offered him their top position, but he declined because the salary was insufficient. Davis was not able to retrieve his family from England until August 1870.

1498:, argued it did not represent the true will of the settlers in the territory. The controversy undermined the alliance between Northern and Southern Democrats. 16378: 12172: 2541:

continued to explore ways to make a living, including investments in railroads, mining, and manufacturing an ice-making machine. In 1876, he was offered the

2518: 1006:

for insubordination. He was acquitted. He requested a furlough, and immediately after it ended, he tendered his resignation, which was effective on June 30.

17822: 17807: 17139: 17028: 17013: 14857: 11579: 2918: 2642: 16805: 16725: 15253: 11948: 1964: 89: 14987: 2762:

During his years as a senator, Davis was an advocate for the Southern states' right to slavery. In an 1848 speech on the Oregon Bill, he argued for a

1245:

gives the power of appointing militia officers to the states, not the federal government. Instead, he accepted an appointment by Mississippi governor

16833: 13368: 2838: 2026:, led to Union control of the Mississippi. Davis relieved Johnston of his department command. During the summer, Bragg's army was maneuvered out of 2007:. Davis approved, thinking that a victory in Union territory could gain recognition of Confederate independence, but Lee's army was defeated at the 17872: 15248: 12515: 12165: 11771: 11699: 11626: 2738:. When Davis was reburied, his children were reinterred on the site as Varina requested, and, when Varina died in 1906, she was buried beside him. 2691:

malaria. When he returned to New Orleans, Davis's doctor Stanford E. Chaille pronounced him too ill to travel further. He was taken to the home of

1948:

During this time, Secretary of War Randolph resigned because he felt Davis refused to give him the autonomy to do his job; Davis replaced him with

275: 17606: 1227:

Davis's regiment was assigned to the army of his former father-in-law, Zachary Taylor, in northeastern Mexico. Davis distinguished himself at the

1212:

muskets used by other units. President Polk approved their purchase as a political favor in return for Davis marshalling enough votes to pass the

17797: 17772: 17023: 16998: 16800: 16708: 15258: 14992: 14103: 12188: 11726: 11664: 2626: 11529: 11001: 17847: 17812: 17697: 16850: 16493: 15882: 15761: 11936: 11863: 11504: 2914: 2533:. Davis avoided public disputes regarding blame, but consistently maintained he had done nothing wrong and had always upheld the Constitution. 2489:

returned to the U.S. in October 1869 to become president of the Carolina Life Insurance Company in Tennessee. On his arrival to Tennessee, the

1865: 783: 662: 68: 1773:, which was leaning toward the Confederacy, had declared its neutrality. In September 1861, Polk violated the state's neutrality by occupying 1395:. He championed a transcontinental railroad to the Pacific, arguing it was needed for national defense, and was entrusted with overseeing the 17792: 17377: 16735: 16488: 16483: 15909: 12498: 11077: 2869: 2241:

that could enlist volunteers directly. When soldiers in the volunteer army seemed unwilling to re-enlist in 1862, Davis instituted the first

1629: 1177: 11097: 17787: 17657: 15741: 14811: 12007: 11932: 1600: 17762: 17672: 17298: 16828: 15877: 15636: 11967: 11049: 10977: 10941: 10900: 2242: 7169: 2722:

to emphasize his role as a military hero. Davis was buried according to the Episcopal rites and a brief eulogy was pronounced by Bishop

1842: 17702: 17682: 17662: 17392: 17255: 17240: 15671: 15287: 11500: 10957: 2467:

granting amnesty and pardon to all participants in the rebellion. Davis's case never went to trial. In February 1869, Attorney General

11264: 17852: 17712: 17667: 17245: 17008: 16978: 16616: 16545: 15243: 15238: 13701: 13539: 1539: 987: 10928: 10916: 1061:

Davis continued his intellectual development by reading about politics, law and economics at the large library Joseph and his wife,

17159: 17094: 15796: 15771: 15007: 14982: 14932: 14912: 13913: 13861: 13353: 12491: 12081: 10887: 10505:

Bleser, Carol K. (1999). "The Marriage of Varina Howell and Jefferson Davis:"I gave the best and all my life to a girdled tree."".

2546: 2418: 2333:

his suggestions. Until 1863, Davis's reports on the financial state of the Confederacy to Congress tended to be unduly optimistic.

2181: 2095: 1845:

in southwestern Tennessee on April 6. The attack failed, and Johnston was killed. General Beauregard took command, falling back to

1699: 1535: 1364: 1352: 1112: 17837: 17677: 17362: 17337: 17053: 16750: 16646: 16498: 15831: 15711: 14922: 14069: 14061: 13966: 12242: 11065: 2731: 2397: 1670:

As the Southern states seceded, state authorities took over most federal facilities without bloodshed. But four forts, including

1221: 1041:

Davis continued his correspondence with Sarah, and they agreed to marry with Taylor giving his reluctant assent. They married at

595: 374: 15721: 11313: 2172:. He issued a proclamation on April 4, encouraging the people of the Confederacy to continue resistance, but Lee surrendered at 1436: 17827: 17782: 17717: 17303: 17048: 15791: 15786: 15461: 12743: 11604: 11294: 2708: 2004: 1837:

and concentrated them with A. S. Johnston's remaining forces. Davis favored using this concentration in an offensive. Johnston

1274: 1151: 740: 674: 264: 15631: 11285: 1526:, would be excluded from the party platform. The Democratic party split—Douglas was nominated by the North and Vice President 17727: 16875: 15867: 15862: 15726: 15626: 14877: 14376: 13158: 12591: 12432: 11976: 11709: 11481: 11243: 11199: 11115: 10379: 10348: 10321: 10294: 10178: 9911: 9869: 9838: 9772: 9681: 9596: 9503: 9472: 9441: 9286: 9214: 9135: 9104: 9073: 9042: 8949: 8918: 8887: 8837: 8806: 8775: 2772: 1782: 932: 529: 506: 20: 12711: 10534:

Hague, Euan; Sebesta, Edward H. (2011). "The Jefferson Davis Highway: Contesting the Confederacy in the Pacific Northwest".

2054: 1881:

to be his military advisor. They formed a close relationship, and Davis relied on Lee for counsel until the end of the war.

17867: 17842: 17134: 16838: 16810: 16049: 15857: 15826: 15756: 15616: 15190: 14477: 13548: 13498: 12541: 12531: 11314:"Jefferson Davis' Message to the Fourth Session of the First Confederate Congress, Delivered in Richmond, December 7, 1863" 8288: 2828: 2542: 2173: 2098:, forcing the Confederates to evacuate Charleston. In the meantime, Hood advanced north and was repulsed in a drive toward 799:

Jefferson F. Davis was the youngest of ten children of Jane and Samuel Emory Davis. Samuel Davis's father, Evan, who had a

779: 585: 11295:"Jefferson Davis' Message to the Third Session of the First Confederate Congress, Delivered in Richmond, January 12, 1863" 11149:

Speech of Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, on the Oregon bill. Delivered in the Senate of the United States, July 12, 1848

2893:, slaveholding ideology of the Confederacy, and a number of his memorials have been removed, including his statues at the 1335:'s resolutions, which sought to address the sectional and territorial problems of the nation and became the basis for the 17707: 17537: 17124: 17114: 16765: 16473: 15836: 15801: 15696: 15274: 14655: 14096: 14042: 14031: 13974: 13561: 13532: 13032: 12986: 12119: 12038: 11923: 11364: 1778: 1328:

expedition to liberate Cuba from Spain. He turned down the offer, saying it was inconsistent with his duty as a senator.

1042: 15751: 11017: 2464: 2217: 1139:

at age 21; Joseph Evan, born 1859, who died from an accidental fall at age five; William Howell, born 1861, who died of

17777: 17275: 17265: 17250: 17018: 16843: 15872: 15821: 15766: 15731: 15716: 15706: 15691: 15666: 15621: 15606: 15541: 15418: 14867: 13019: 12145: 11355: 2230: 1909: 1786: 1770: 1514:... I should deem it your duty to provide for your safety outside of a Union with those who have already shown the will 11333:"Jefferson Davis' Message to the First Session of the Second Confederate Congress, Delivered in Richmond, May 2, 1864" 11218: 1751: 1331:

When Calhoun died in the spring of 1850, Davis became the senatorial spokesperson for the South. The Congress debated

17862: 17857: 17387: 17270: 17260: 16988: 16584: 16478: 16355: 15852: 15816: 15736: 15676: 15656: 15651: 15646: 15601: 15032: 15024: 14902: 14846: 14771: 11389: 10429:"Emancipation and empire: Reconstructing the worldwide web of cotton production in the age of the American Civil War" 10263: 10232: 10147: 10113: 10082: 10049: 10018: 9966: 9938: 9745: 9712: 9650: 9619: 9565: 9534: 9410: 9379: 9348: 9317: 9255: 9197: 9166: 9011: 8980: 3267: 2128:

for peace talks, but Lincoln refused to consider any offer that included an independent Confederacy. Davis also sent

2031: 1238: 982:

was captured, Davis escorted him for detention in St. Louis. Black Hawk stated that Davis treated him with kindness.

853: 1761:

Major fighting in the East began when a Union army advanced into northern Virginia in July 1861. It was defeated at

1099:

In early 1844, Davis was chosen to serve as a delegate to the state convention again. On his way to Jackson, he met

488: 15781: 15746: 15686: 15641: 14804: 14766: 14023: 13938: 13143: 12483: 12402: 11807: 11803: 10725:

Starnes, Richard D. (1996). "Forever faithful: The Southern Historical Society and Confederate historical memory".

2301:

on cotton, he wanted to make cotton available to European nations, but require them to acquire it by violating the

2192: 1505:, which threatened the loss of his left eye. It left him bedridden for seven weeks. He spent the summer of 1858 in 1085: 1050: 1046: 678: 390: 24: 2412:—but could not find any reliable evidence directly linking Davis to either. In late summer 1865, Attorney General 1559:

Photograph of inauguration of Davis as provisional President of the Confederate States of America in front of the

759:. After Pierce's administration ended in 1857, Davis returned to the Senate. He resigned in 1861 when Mississippi 17737: 17347: 17332: 17214: 17174: 17073: 17058: 17043: 17038: 16870: 16775: 15806: 15701: 15661: 15382: 15218: 14695: 13040: 12581: 12571: 12556: 11691: 11406: 8753: 3062: 3046: 3030: 2099: 1975: 1834: 1108: 877: 12332: 1486:

The Senate recessed in March and did not reconvene until November 1857. The session opened with a debate on the

17372: 16691: 16455: 15811: 15776: 15681: 15387: 14917: 14594: 14517: 14346: 14089: 14004: 13985: 13926: 13243: 13053: 13028: 11839: 11337:

A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Confederacy, Including the Diplomatic Correspondence, 1861–1865

11318:

A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Confederacy, Including the Diplomatic Correspondence, 1861–1865

11299:

A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Confederacy, Including the Diplomatic Correspondence, 1861–1865

7201: 3457: 3117: 2614: 2591: 1980: 1518:...to deprive you of your birthright and to reduce you to worse than the colonial dependence of your fathers." 1392: 1384: 956: 913: 760: 705: 686: 477: 210: 8240: 2471:

informed the court that the federal government declared it was no longer prosecuting the charges against him.

2168:, a free black orphan they briefly adopted, on March 29. On April 2, Davis and his cabinet escaped by rail to 17555: 16730: 16651: 16468: 15934: 15392: 15200: 14634: 14527: 12868: 7968: 5030: 2894: 2678: 2091: 1892:. Davis and Lee wanted Joseph Johnston, who commanded the Confederate army near Richmond, to make a stand at 1603:

by choosing a member from each of the states of the Confederacy, including Texas which had recently seceded:

775: 697: 572: 11263:. The Avalon Project—Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy; Yale Law School: Lillian Goldman Law Library. 4390: 17742: 17003: 16745: 16535: 16510: 16222: 15297: 15002: 14942: 14705: 13922: 13906: 11454: 11430: 10476:

Currie, David P. (2004). "Through the looking-glass: the Confederate Constitution in Congress, 1861–1865".

9945: 3337: 1992: 1419:

in 1854 by allowing President Pierce to endorse it before it came up for a vote. This bill, which created

1170: 17434: 17182: 16933: 16770: 16760: 16755: 16713: 16137: 15436: 14887: 14797: 14725: 14685: 14660: 13418: 2776: 2522: 2513:

was more political; he stated that the South would not have surrendered had it known what to expect from

2510: 1758:

and Major General Leonidas Polk, thought he would direct the fighting, but he left that to his generals.

1698:

early on April 12. After over thirty hours of bombardment, the fort surrendered. When Lincoln called for

1691: 1475: 1451: 1302: 8605:, pp. 158–159: Collins states 200,000 people attended; Foster estimates between 80,000 and 200,000. 2429: 17463: 17325: 16913: 16740: 16623: 16601: 16530: 16445: 15506: 15307: 15185: 15167: 14761: 14715: 14710: 12262: 11719: 11485: 11444: 11420: 9791: 8540: 5775: 2485: 2177: 2000: 1675: 1317: 1316:

During the 1848 presidential election, Davis chose not to campaign against Zachary Taylor, who was the

1198: 1093: 1062: 884:. He then attended the Wilkinson County Academy near Woodville for five years. In 1823, Davis attended 812: 154: 17589: 17477: 17444: 17357: 17313: 17119: 16901: 16703: 16676: 16656: 16557: 16363: 16268: 15566: 15481: 15397: 15047: 14972: 14624: 14574: 14569: 14522: 14487: 14381: 13616: 12728: 12227: 12207: 11116:"Restoration of Citizenship Rights to Jefferson F. Davis Statement on Signing S. J. Res. 16 into Law" 2325: 2148: 2124:. Seddon resigned as Secretary of War and was replaced by John C. Breckinridge. Davis sent envoys to 1988: 1905: 3323:, William Davis, and William Cooper agree that evidence about Evan Davis's origins is unclear (cf., 2087: 17642: 17320: 17204: 17129: 17104: 17099: 17063: 16983: 16681: 16666: 16247: 15531: 15496: 15431: 15372: 15367: 15097: 14579: 14502: 14298: 14135: 13891: 13716: 13711: 13576: 13571: 13518: 13513: 13423: 13403: 13343: 11901: 11574: 11365:"December 25, 1868.- Granting Full Pardon and Amnesty to All Persons Engaged in the Late Rebellion" 9494:

Ghosts of the Confederacy: Defeat, The Lost Cause, and the Emergence of the New South, 1865 to 1913

9225:

The Davis Family (Davies and David) in Wales and America; Genealogy of Morgan David of Pennsylvania

8878:

America's Great Debate: Henry Clay, Stephen A. Douglas, and the Compromise that Preserved the Union

8168: 2792: 2595: 2125: 1917: 1762: 1396: 1340: 1194: 979: 962:

Throughout his life, Davis regularly suffered from ill health. During the northern winters, he had

744: 620: 524: 11466: 11081: 1797:

In February 1862, the Confederate defenses in the West collapsed when Union forces captured Forts

1241:. Davis declined the appointment, arguing he could not directly command militia units because the 17832: 17308: 16928: 16896: 16891: 16589: 16562: 15954: 15451: 15441: 15213: 15208: 15062: 14700: 14537: 14532: 14328: 13899: 13626: 13293: 13128: 12237: 11916: 10341:

Arguing Until Doomsday: Stephen Douglas, Jefferson Davis, and the Struggle for American Democracy

2886: 2735: 2557:

Davis sought to reclaim Brierfield as well. After the war, Davis Bend had been taken over by the

2490: 2315: 2238: 1802: 1683: 1290: 1217: 1205: 897: 885: 881: 567: 19:

This article is about the president of the Confederate States. For the governor of Arkansas, see

12997: 11377: 10069: 9732: 2876:

On October 17, 1978, Davis's U.S. citizenship was posthumously restored after the Senate passed

2699:

a.m. on Friday, December 6, 1889, in the presence of several friends and holding Varina's hand.

1646: 17293: 16993: 16567: 16157: 15994: 15969: 15501: 15402: 15317: 15057: 14966: 14690: 14589: 13726: 13631: 13453: 13012: 12681: 12551: 10219: 9953: 2902: 2898: 2811:

related to the organization, finance, and logistics needed to maintain the Confederate armies.

2763: 2723: 2692: 2666:

Confederacy. In October 1887, Davis held his last tour, traveling to the Georgia State Fair in

2640:, encouraged him to write a series of articles for the magazine and to complete his final book 2023: 1941: 1913: 1487: 1432: 1375: 1155: 917: 901: 849: 363: 11185: 11057: 10985: 10949: 10908: 7978: 7179: 6142: 5040: 2404:—his alleged involvement in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln or the mistreatment of Union 2011:

in July. After retreating to Virginia, Lee blocked any major Union offensives into the state.

1960: 17209: 17109: 16923: 16572: 16525: 16435: 16403: 16110: 16100: 15546: 15536: 15521: 15471: 15426: 15082: 15067: 14960: 14675: 13596: 13433: 13383: 13173: 13148: 13138: 12676: 12015: 11956: 11832: 11261:"Message to Congress April 29, 1861 (Ratification of the [Confederate] Constitution)" 10961: 7211: 7163: 7159: 4400: 3423: 3419: 3107: 3101: 2751: 2636: 2035: 1897: 1822: 1695: 1655: 1616: 1608: 1560: 1455: 1325: 1233: 1104: 1035: 873: 852:, where Samuel cultivated cotton, acquired twelve slaves, and built a house that Jane called 820: 729: 630: 402: 243: 95: 11490: 10252: 9608: 9554: 9461: 9430: 9275: 9093: 8826: 8342: 8338: 8298: 7231: 7227: 2746: 2297:

There was no consensus on how to use cotton to gain European support. Davis did not want an

1127:, reduction of tariffs, and building naval defenses in southern ports. When the party chose 17652: 17647: 17367: 17219: 17192: 16661: 16440: 16423: 16080: 15576: 15561: 15556: 15526: 15511: 15491: 15109: 15013: 14897: 14720: 14665: 14619: 14303: 14264: 13766: 13611: 13468: 13463: 13438: 13328: 13153: 12911: 12763: 12626: 12347: 12070: 11648: 11260: 8560: 2719: 2558: 2459:, to join their children who had been sent there while he was in prison, and they moved to 2448: 2409: 2042: 2008: 1937: 1929: 1846: 1806: 1798: 1585: 1527: 1471: 1089: 1031: 748: 670: 608: 126: 12157: 11341: 11322: 11303: 11282:"Jefferson Davis' Second Inaugural Address, Virginia Capitol, Richmond, February 22, 1862" 11244:"Jefferson Davis' First Inaugural Address: Alabama Capitol, Montgomery, February 18, 1861" 4862: 1057:. Sarah died at the age of 21 on September 15, 1835, after only three months of marriage. 8: 17352: 17144: 17033: 16907: 16552: 16505: 16252: 16212: 16197: 16090: 15939: 15611: 15571: 15446: 15407: 15377: 15332: 15292: 14892: 14882: 14777: 14756: 14746: 14442: 14396: 14366: 13831: 13806: 13791: 13746: 13641: 13636: 13508: 13478: 13408: 13378: 13338: 13273: 13238: 13108: 12916: 12906: 12606: 12422: 12297: 11990: 11781: 11029: 10932: 5355: 3378: 2969: 2951: 2550: 2460: 2345: 2201: 2185: 2114: 1933: 1850: 1679: 1577: 1564: 1501:

Davis's participation in the Senate was interrupted in early 1858 by a recurring case of

1428: 1416: 1409: 1294: 1228: 889: 816: 732:

in Mississippi on his brother Joseph's land and eventually owning as many as 113 slaves.

625: 562: 17623: 10891: 5659: 2987: 2929: 1632:, Davis was elected president for a six-year term. He took office on February 22, 1862. 751:

in 1847, resigning to unsuccessfully run as governor of Mississippi. In 1853, President

17748:

Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Mississippi

17525: 17198: 17068: 16594: 16579: 16460: 16418: 16390: 16227: 16192: 16039: 15999: 15516: 15486: 15476: 15352: 15347: 15327: 15322: 15302: 15052: 14955: 14872: 14820: 14680: 14629: 14614: 14544: 14507: 14290: 13871: 13851: 13826: 13771: 13488: 13413: 13313: 13283: 13278: 13213: 13208: 13168: 13123: 13098: 12758: 12696: 12671: 12646: 12566: 12561: 12427: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12372: 12302: 12058: 11909: 11745: 11546: 11166: 11147: 10866: 10837: 10815: 10807: 10771: 10750: 10742: 10713: 10692: 10671: 10650: 10621: 10604:

Huston, James L. (1999). "Property rights in slavery and the coming of the Civil War".

10592: 10559: 10551: 10522: 10493: 10464: 10456: 10167: 10136: 10102: 10038: 9986: 9900: 9858: 9701: 9670: 9585: 9492: 9368: 9124: 9031: 8938: 8876: 8795: 3386: 3366: 3090: 2578:

legally his, although he did not live there, and it did not produce a reliable income.

2514: 2435: 2197: 2169: 2153: 2019: 1925: 1901: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1874: 1810: 1774: 1755: 1747: 1730: 1719: 1641: 1580:

including delegates from the six states that had seceded: South Carolina, Mississippi,

1424: 1348: 1336: 1278: 1182: 999: 948: 893: 829: 709: 701: 693: 682: 519: 379: 346: 17572: 16172: 11888: 11449: 11425: 11128: 11069: 10920: 9246:

The Confederate Constitution of 1861 : An Inquiry into American Constitutionalism

5511: 5419: 2229:

Davis's central concern during the war was to achieve Confederate independence. After

1431:'s limits on slavery and left the decision about a territory's slaveholding status to 1347:

In the autumn of 1851, Davis was nominated to run for governor of Mississippi against

1313:

to the treaty, which would have banned slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico.

17501: 17440: 16696: 16298: 16232: 16167: 16070: 15989: 15949: 15551: 15357: 15312: 14927: 14730: 14599: 14224: 13796: 13781: 13751: 13691: 13661: 13591: 13586: 13458: 13318: 13253: 13228: 13223: 13073: 13005: 12858: 12848: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12778: 12661: 12636: 12621: 12442: 12362: 12307: 12127: 12052: 12046: 11996: 11556: 11385: 11205: 11195: 11172: 11153: 11134: 10819: 10754: 10563: 10468: 10448: 10385: 10375: 10368: 10354: 10344: 10327: 10317: 10300: 10290: 10283: 10269: 10259: 10238: 10228: 10205: 10184: 10174: 10153: 10143: 10131: 10119: 10109: 10088: 10078: 10055: 10045: 10024: 10014: 9993: 9972: 9962: 9934: 9917: 9907: 9887: 9875: 9865: 9844: 9834: 9813: 9806: 9778: 9768: 9751: 9741: 9718: 9708: 9687: 9677: 9656: 9646: 9639: 9625: 9615: 9592: 9571: 9561: 9540: 9530: 9523: 9509: 9499: 9478: 9468: 9447: 9437: 9416: 9406: 9399: 9385: 9375: 9354: 9344: 9323: 9313: 9292: 9282: 9261: 9251: 9244: 9230: 9223: 9203: 9193: 9186: 9172: 9162: 9141: 9131: 9110: 9100: 9079: 9069: 9048: 9038: 9017: 9007: 9000: 8986: 8976: 8955: 8945: 8924: 8914: 8907: 8893: 8883: 8862: 8843: 8833: 8812: 8802: 8781: 8771: 8308: 6003: 3411: 3407: 3390: 3370: 3345: 3273: 3263: 3256: 3239: 3224: 3078: 3011: 3005: 2993: 2975: 2957: 2890: 2851: 2566: 2423: 2273: 2113:. In June 1864, Lee fought the Union armies to a standstill; both sides settled into 2106: 2015: 1830: 1805:, and nearly half the troops in A. S. Johnston's department. Within weeks, Kentucky, 1620: 1612: 1523: 1466: 1242: 1159: 1144: 1096:

when the original candidate withdrew his nomination, though Davis lost the election.

1030:. He returned to Mississippi where his brother Joseph had developed Davis Bend into 975: 904:. Joseph, who was 23 years older than Davis, informally became his surrogate father. 804: 713: 634: 467: 417: 12513: 11219:"Jefferson Davis's Farewell Address: Senate Chamber, U.S. Capitol, January 21, 1861" 10762:

Todd, Richard C. (1958). "C. G. Memminger and the Confederate Treasury Department".

10007: 9829:

Confederate Emancipation: Southern Plans to Free and Arm Slaves during the Civil War

8856: 5110: 17489: 16308: 16177: 16147: 16142: 16075: 16014: 16009: 15964: 15466: 15456: 15362: 15342: 15337: 15087: 15077: 15037: 14609: 14604: 14559: 14497: 14482: 14472: 14432: 14427: 14417: 14401: 14386: 14351: 14341: 14336: 13946: 13866: 13821: 13801: 13786: 13686: 13646: 13473: 13448: 13428: 13333: 13288: 13263: 13258: 13248: 13233: 13163: 13063: 12853: 12818: 12788: 12773: 12753: 12701: 12666: 12656: 12651: 12641: 12472: 12367: 12352: 12232: 12217: 11565: 11533: 11194:. Vol. III. Mississippi department of Archives and History. pp. 339–360. 10858: 10799: 10734: 10642: 10613: 10584: 10543: 10514: 10485: 10440: 9337: 3362: 2877: 2662: 2658: 2530: 2456: 2405: 2349: 2263: 2136: 2129: 2079: 2063: 1838: 1818: 1659: 1491: 1479: 1420: 1400: 1298: 1124: 936: 833: 808: 756: 11352:"To the People of the Confederate States of America. Danville, Va., April 4, 1865" 4083: 1321: 17513: 17382: 16671: 16520: 16413: 16293: 16288: 16283: 16273: 16242: 16152: 16095: 16044: 15072: 15042: 14862: 14751: 14670: 14639: 14584: 14447: 14437: 14391: 14269: 14050: 13929: 13811: 13736: 13656: 13443: 13363: 13308: 13298: 13113: 12931: 12921: 12901: 12863: 12813: 12808: 12798: 12793: 12748: 12738: 12691: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12357: 12312: 12287: 12139: 12089: 12021: 11796: 11735: 11640: 11613: 11189: 11186:"Speech of Jefferson Davis before the Mississippi Legislature, November 16, 1858" 10408:"Black Lives Matter and the removal of racist statues: Perspective of an African" 10198: 9827: 9277:

The Training Ground: Grant, Lee, Sherman, and Davis in the Mexican War, 1846–1848

9062: 8092: 8060: 5399: 3403: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 2385:, who permitted Davis to live with Varina in a four-room apartment. In December, 2382: 2369: 1940:, Bragg and Smith retreated to Tennessee. In December, Bragg was defeated at the 1814: 1739: 1624: 1531: 1506: 1495: 1360: 1356: 1246: 1120: 1088:

meeting in Vicksburg and served as a delegate to the party's state convention in

1003: 928:

during Christmas 1826 but was not dismissed. He graduated 23rd in a class of 33.

869: 865: 752: 314: 302: 231: 11119: 10370:

Jefferson Davis and His Generals: The Failure of Confederate Command in the West

6758: 5263: 3573: 1216:. Because of its association with the regiment, the weapon became known as the " 970:. He went to Mississippi on furlough in March 1832, missing the outbreak of the 16450: 16398: 16237: 16202: 16162: 16054: 16034: 16029: 15984: 15263: 15104: 15092: 14371: 14318: 14313: 14232: 14196: 14112: 13876: 13846: 13731: 13721: 13671: 13483: 13393: 13203: 13093: 13088: 12941: 12878: 12783: 12768: 12733: 12596: 12546: 12462: 12452: 12377: 12292: 12277: 12222: 12212: 12108: 12027: 11763: 11673: 11552: 6822: 4538: 3415: 3382: 3237:

Monroe, Haskell M. Jr.; McIntosh, James T.; Crist, Lynda L., eds. (1971–2012).

2833: 2667: 2650: 2562: 2468: 2444: 2393: 2302: 2109:

and they were unable to directly advance on Richmond, but managed to cross the

1908:

in August 1862. Knowing Davis desired an offensive into the North, Lee invaded

1707: 1572: 1447: 1310: 1306: 971: 952: 944: 824: 767: 717: 613: 11368: 11157: 11138: 10683:

Scanlan, P. L. (1940). "The military record of Jefferson Davis in Wisconsin".

10547: 10460: 10389: 10358: 10273: 10242: 10220:"Rebellion and Conventional Warfare: Confederate Strategy and Military Policy" 10209: 10188: 10157: 10123: 10092: 10059: 10028: 9997: 9976: 9879: 9848: 9817: 9782: 9755: 9722: 9691: 9660: 9629: 9575: 9544: 9482: 9420: 9389: 9358: 9327: 9306: 9296: 9265: 9207: 9176: 9155: 9145: 9114: 9083: 8969: 8928: 8897: 8866: 8847: 8816: 8624: 6474: 3015: 2979: 2961: 2549:. He declined because Varina also did not want to live in Texas, recommending 1522:

nomination, ensuring that Douglas's idea of popular sovereignty, known as the

1123:. He preferred Calhoun because he championed Southern interests including the 17636: 16718: 16318: 16313: 16303: 16278: 16187: 16182: 16024: 16019: 16004: 15974: 15944: 15282: 14907: 14564: 14554: 14422: 14214: 14012: 13816: 13776: 13761: 13756: 13651: 13606: 13388: 13303: 13218: 13198: 13193: 13183: 13118: 13083: 13078: 12873: 12686: 12631: 12616: 12382: 12282: 12272: 12257: 12247: 11984: 11849: 11817: 11753: 11681: 11657: 11176: 10452: 10331: 10304: 9988:

King Cotton Diplomacy: Foreign Relations of the Confederate States of America

9921: 9891: 9052: 8990: 8785: 8484: 8448: 3427: 3374: 3358: 3320: 3304: 2997: 2631: 2570: 2537: 2496: 2246: 2222: 1878: 1854: 1853:. When Beauregard then put himself on leave, Davis replaced him with General 1833:

that Davis had been required to appoint. Davis gathered troops defending the

1826: 1604: 1440: 1380: 1250: 1213: 1128: 1027: 1014: 940: 921: 725: 255: 202: 190: 166: 11538: 11209: 10960:. United States Department of State: Office of the Historian. Archived from 10428: 9513: 9463:"What Shall We Do With the Negro?": Lincoln, White Racism, and the Civil War 9234: 9021: 8959: 8592: 8188: 7137: 5819: 5619: 3277: 2573:

to buy the property. When Joseph died in 1870, he had made Davis one of his

2245:

in American history. He received authorization from Congress to suspend the

2041:

Davis had to address faltering civilian morale. In early spring, there were

43: 17187: 17164: 17154: 17149: 16686: 16628: 16540: 16515: 16428: 16408: 16207: 16105: 14160: 14127: 13836: 13676: 13103: 12803: 12611: 12536: 12467: 12447: 12322: 12202: 12133: 12064: 11587: 11542: 9895: 9799:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office – via Texas Legal Guide. 9451: 9432:

After Secession: Jefferson Davis and the Failure of Confederate Nationalism

7597: 6965: 5847: 2881: 2714: 2610: 2452: 2396:'s cabinet was unsure what to do with Davis. They considered trying him by 2083: 1949: 1916:

in September. In December, Lee stopped another invasion of Virginia at the

1571:

Before his resignation, Davis had sent a telegraph to Mississippi Governor

1270: 1136: 1100: 1077: 939:

who he inherited from his father. In early 1829, he was stationed at Forts

861: 736: 440: 49: 10803: 10738: 8112: 5887: 5759: 3928: 2646:. He also began dictating his memoirs, although they were never finished. 1821:

Rivers. The commanders responsible for the defeat were Brigadier Generals

935:. He was accompanied by his personal servant James Pemberton, an enslaved 15959: 14997: 14977: 14361: 14356: 14252: 14140: 14081: 13856: 13741: 13621: 13601: 13323: 13188: 12976: 12966: 12956: 12946: 12896: 12843: 12437: 10784: 8500: 8128: 5070: 4954: 2842: 2755: 2683: 2413: 2365: 2357: 2353: 2290: 2281: 2259: 2110: 2027: 1671: 1399:

to determine which of four possible routes was the best. He promoted the

995: 991: 925: 857: 845: 771: 666: 270: 131: 17508: 10841: 10811: 10775: 10746: 10717: 10675: 10555: 7410: 3094: 2284:, accompanied by a poem mocking Britain's dependence on Southern cotton. 17342: 16217: 15979: 15180: 15175: 14512: 14492: 14178: 14155: 13841: 13681: 13666: 13581: 13398: 13268: 13133: 13068: 12981: 12971: 12961: 12951: 12926: 12576: 12457: 12317: 10870: 10696: 10654: 10625: 10596: 10526: 10497: 5603: 5587: 5483: 3341: 2855: 2618: 2526: 2401: 2165: 2157: 2059: 1860: 1769:

In the West, Davis had to address a problem caused by another general.

1735: 1651: 1555: 1332: 1266: 1209: 1140: 967: 658: 17878:

Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves

6618: 6471:, pp. 268–269 for text of the orders by the Davis administration. 5963: 3728: 3489: 2221:

Colorized print of Jefferson Davis and his first cabinet with General

2105:

Union forces began a new advance into northern Virginia. Lee put up a

1084:

Davis became publicly involved in politics in 1840 when he attended a

876:. In 1818, Davis returned to Mississippi, where he briefly studied at 16606: 14789: 14548: 14242: 14206: 11191:

Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist: His Letters, Papers, and Speeches

10633:

Johnson, Ludwell H. (1960). "Fort Sumter and Confederate diplomacy".

9556:

Still Fighting the Civil War: The American South and Southern History

8608: 8468: 7928: 6910: 5443: 3142:

Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist: His Letters, Papers, and Speeches

3109:

Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist: His Letters, Papers, and Speeches

2654: 2574: 2277: 1884:

In March, Union troops in the East began an amphibious attack on the

1711: 1589: 1446:

The Democratic nomination for the 1856 presidential election went to

963: 13921: 11931: 11016:(Report) (3rd ed.). Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from 10862: 10849:

Vandiver, Frank E. (1977). "Jefferson Davis—Leader without legend".

10646: 10617: 10588: 10518: 10489: 9808:

Climax at Buena Vista: The American Campaigns in Northeastern Mexico

9370:"Fiction Distorting Fact": Prison Life, Annotated by Jefferson Davis 9033:

Troubled Commemoration: The American Civil War Centennial, 1961–1965

7685: 7029: 7017: 6746: 6630: 6438: 6222: 6118: 6058: 5539: 5235: 3441:

Venite ad me omnes qui laboratis, et ego reficiam vos, dicit Dominus

2433:

Illustration of Jefferson Davis leaving the Richmond court house by

2320: 16611: 14467: 14256: 14237: 14188: 14150: 12936: 11518: 11514: 10444: 10104:

A Shattered Nation: The Rise and Fall of the Confederacy, 1861–1868

8228: 7701: 3218: 3112:. Mississippi Department of Archives and History. pp. xx–xxxi. 2377: 2373: 1715: 1703: 1458:, which ruled that slavery could not be barred from any territory. 10785:"Jefferson Davis and proslavery visions of empire in the Far West" 7729: 7077: 6718: 6682: 5471: 5225: 5223: 4810: 4103: 3744: 2695:, the son-in-law of his friend J. M. Payne, where he died at 12:45 1289:

Davis took his seat in December 1847 and was made a regent of the

14145: 13027: 10958:"Preventing Diplomatic Recognition of the Confederacy, 1861–1865" 2845:

with "SLAVE OWNER" graffiti, May 2004. It was dismantled in 2017.

2386: 2298: 2268: 1750:

of the Confederacy, Davis was operational military leader as the

1593: 1581: 1502: 1404: 1054: 721: 657:(June 3, 1808 – December 6, 1889) was an American 11509: 11114:

Carter, Jimmy (1978). Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. (eds.).

9002:

God and General Longstreet: The Lost Cause and the Southern Mind

8648: 7125: 6505: 5875: 5795: 2905:

in May 2020, Davis's statue on his Richmond monument—along with

1900:, where he was wounded. Davis put Lee in command. Lee began the 747:

as the colonel of a volunteer regiment. He was appointed to the

17409:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

9733:"The Immortal Confederacy: Another Look at Lost Cause Religion" 8971:

The Marble Man: Robert E. Lee and His Image in American Society

8436: 5220: 4179: 3521: 3133: 2910: 2864: 2120:

Davis signed a Congressional resolution in February making Lee

916:

at West Point in 1824, where he became friends with classmates

848:, Louisiana. Less than a year later, they moved to a farm near 10942:"Confederate statues removed after Memphis sells public parks" 10138:

The Imperiled Union: Essays on the Background of the Civil War

9931:

Secession on Trial: The Treason Prosecution of Jefferson Davis

9308:

The Gray and the Black: The Confederate Debate on Emancipation

8732: 8720: 5198: 5196: 4303: 1080:

wedding photograph of Jefferson Davis and Varina Howell (1845)

708:. Upon graduating, he served six years as a lieutenant in the 17531: 14170: 10662:

Muldowny, John (1969). "Jefferson Davis: The postwar years".

8672: 8660: 8400: 8376: 8364: 8156: 7984: 7956: 6898: 6774: 6670: 6558: 6495: 6493: 6426: 6414: 6390: 6378: 6366: 6342: 6330: 6258: 6186: 6130: 5991: 5927: 4558: 3820: 1068: 815:, and received a land grant for his service near present-day 800: 743:, serving for one year. From 1846 to 1847, he fought in the 15131: 11090:"Workers removing Davis monument pedestal find box in stone" 10314:

Panting For Glory: The Mississippi Rifles in the Mexican War

8768:

A War of Words: The Rhetorical Leadership of Jefferson Davis

8580: 8008: 7101: 7089: 6536: 6534: 6532: 4279: 4255: 4243: 1530:

was nominated by the South—and the Republican Party nominee

1131:

for their presidential candidate, Davis campaigned for him.

12187: 11130:

Permanent Constitution of the Confederate States of America

11008: 10994:"Richmond starts removal of Confederate monument pedestals" 10901:"GOP lawmakers complain about davis statue removal process" 8630: 7450: 7426: 6734: 6354: 5687: 5647: 5563: 5551: 5527: 5331: 5193: 4454: 4267: 4231: 8276: 8264: 8204: 8036: 7904: 7793: 7661: 7625: 7585: 7549: 7537: 7513: 7486: 7474: 7333: 7189: 7005: 6934: 6546: 6490: 6458: 6306: 6198: 6106: 6082: 6019: 5979: 5939: 5903: 5863: 5835: 5807: 5723: 5699: 5635: 5387: 5006: 4970: 4942: 4918: 4882: 4838: 4738: 3856: 2086:, who immediately engaged the Union forces in a series of 1754:

reported directly to him. Many people, including Generals

11572: 11339:. United States Publishing. pp. 443–448 – via 11320:. United States Publishing. pp. 345–382 – via 11301:. United States Publishing. pp. 279–297 – via 10223:. In McPherson, James M.; Cooper, William J. Jr. (eds.). 8216: 8080: 7844: 7820: 7781: 7745: 7649: 7462: 7376: 7374: 7372: 7345: 7249: 7237: 6862: 6582: 6529: 6234: 6162: 6094: 6046: 5915: 5307: 5208: 5157: 5130: 4994: 4906: 4850: 4786: 4774: 4714: 4678: 4642: 4526: 4466: 4442: 4430: 4418: 4378: 3868: 3561: 2913:—was toppled by protesters. As part of its initiative to 1999:

In May, Lee broke up another invasion of Virginia at the

1391:

In March 1853, President Franklin Pierce named Davis his

17753:

Democratic Party United States senators from Mississippi

10956: 8858:

Autobiography of Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak or Black Hawk

7892: 7810: 7808: 7673: 7503: 7501: 7041: 6916: 6874: 6798: 6706: 6694: 5499: 5459: 5283: 4690: 4630: 4606: 4582: 4502: 4344: 4342: 4327: 4195: 4049: 4047: 3948: 3549: 1983:(Jefferson Davis's Executive Mansion) in Richmond (1901) 17693:

American military personnel of the Mexican–American War

11893: 8909:

First Lady of the Confederacy: Varina Davis's Civil War

8528: 8388: 7856: 7757: 7637: 7573: 7561: 7438: 6886: 6838: 4894: 4798: 4750: 4726: 4219: 4155: 4071: 4008: 3892: 3844: 3680: 3608: 907: 11477:(video interview). Interviewed by Lamb, Brian. C-SPAN. 10227:. University of South Carolina Press. pp. 36–59. 9860:

Embattled Rebel: Jefferson Davis as Commander in Chief

9765:

Treason on Trial: The United States v. Jefferson Davis

9610:

How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War

8708: 8696: 8516: 8412: 8144: 7944: 7832: 7769: 7386: 7369: 7297: 7285: 7273: 7113: 6594: 6402: 6318: 6294: 6270: 6246: 6210: 6174: 6070: 6036: 6034: 5951: 5747: 5735: 5711: 5575: 5431: 5343: 5169: 5147: 5145: 5086: 5046: 4982: 4930: 4826: 4762: 4654: 4143: 4131: 3972: 3960: 3904: 3880: 3832: 3808: 3760: 3692: 3598: 3596: 3047:"Life and character of the Hon. John Caldwell Calhoun" 1545: 1305:, which ended the Mexican–American War, claiming that 1103:, the 18-year-old daughter of William Burr Howell and 1045:

on June 17, 1835. In August, he and Sarah traveled to

994:. He was promoted to first lieutenant and deployed at 724:

three months after the wedding. Davis became a cotton

274: 17818:

Prisoners and detainees of the United States military

17461: 10704:

Simpson, John A. (1975). "Cult of the "lost cause"".

10005:

Potter, David M. (1976). Fehrenbacher, Don E. (ed.).

8424: 8352: 8048: 7868: 7805: 7717: 7613: 7498: 7398: 7357: 7321: 7309: 7065: 6981: 6955: 6953: 6922: 6850: 6810: 6786: 6658: 6646: 6606: 6570: 5375: 5319: 5295: 5251: 5098: 5058: 5018: 4666: 4514: 4490: 4406: 4366: 4339: 4291: 4167: 4044: 3772: 2180:

where they met with Joseph Johnston, Beauregard, and

2143: 2034:. In September, Bragg defeated the Union army at the 1147:, born 1864, who remained single and lived to be 34. 1009: 16:

President of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865

11580:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

11126: 11050:"University of Texas removes Jefferson Davis statue" 10826: 8684: 8018: 7525: 7261: 7053: 6993: 4702: 4618: 4594: 4478: 4119: 4020: 3984: 3796: 3716: 3644: 3471: 3007:

A Short History of the Confederate States of America

2919:

Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia

2782: 2643:

A Short History of the Confederate States of America

2176:

on April 9. The president and his cabinet headed to

1932:. In August, both Bragg and Smith invaded Kentucky. 912:

His older brother Joseph got Davis appointed to the

9401:

So Far from God: The U.S. War with Mexico 1846–1848

8861:. Translated by LeClair, Antoine. J. B. Patterson. 8636: 8024: 7996: 6031: 5142: 4570: 4354: 4315: 4207: 4059: 4032: 3996: 3916: 3784: 3668: 3593: 3509: 2022:, surrendered on July 4. The loss of Vicksburg and 17723:Burials at Hollywood Cemetery (Richmond, Virginia) 10978:"Raw: Confederate statue removed amid controversy" 10367: 10282: 10251: 10218: 10197: 10166: 10135: 10101: 10068: 10037: 10006: 9985: 9952: 9899: 9857: 9826: 9805: 9731: 9700: 9669: 9638: 9607: 9584: 9553: 9522: 9491: 9460: 9429: 9398: 9367: 9336: 9305: 9274: 9243: 9222: 9185: 9154: 9123: 9092: 9061: 9030: 8999: 8968: 8937: 8906: 8875: 8825: 8794: 7916: 7880: 6950: 6517: 6282: 5675: 3704: 3632: 3620: 3255: 3238: 1204:Davis was able to get his regiment armed with new 83:Provisional: February 18, 1861 – February 22, 1862 17768:Heads of state of states with limited recognition 11088: 11011:Whose Heritage? Public Symbols of the Confederacy 10992: 10169:The Grand Design: Strategy and the U.S. Civil War 9886: 9762: 8998:Connelly, Thomas L.; Bellows, Barbara L. (1982). 8738: 8726: 7175: 6624: 5425: 3656: 3537: 3477: 3144:. Mississippi Department of Archives and History. 2670:, for a grand reunion with Confederate veterans. 1955:In the winter of 1862, Davis decided to join the 1868:Davis of the Confederate States of America (1862) 1694:, refused to surrender, and Beauregard began the 1611:of South Carolina for Secretary of the Treasury, 712:. After leaving the army in 1835, Davis married 692:Davis, the youngest of ten children, was born in 17634: 17095:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 12516:United States Senate Committee on Armed Services 11064: 11048: 10976: 10915: 9959:The Myth of the Lost Cause and Civil War History 9957:. In Gallagher, Gary W.; Nolan, Alan T. (eds.). 9738:The Myth of the Lost Cause and Civil War History 9736:. In Gallagher, Gary W.; Nolan, Alan T. (eds.). 9582: 9060:Cooper, William J. Jr.; Terrill, Tom E. (1991). 8678: 8666: 8234: 7143: 7083: 7035: 7023: 6975: 6828: 6768: 6752: 6688: 6511: 6228: 6124: 6064: 6013: 5881: 5801: 5781: 5665: 5545: 5517: 5477: 5229: 5181: 4285: 4261: 3245:. Vol. 1. Louisiana State University Press. 2094:, capturing it. In December, they advanced into 2082:. In July, Davis replaced Johnston with General 1912:, but retreated back to Virginia after a bloody 17803:People of Mississippi in the American Civil War 17733:Confederate States of America political leaders 11510:Jefferson Davis Presidential Library and Museum 11354:. The Papers of Jefferson Davis. Archived from 11284:. The Papers of Jefferson Davis. Archived from 11080:. The Papers of Jefferson Davis. Archived from 11076: 11068:. The Papers of Jefferson Davis. Archived from 10931:. The Papers of Jefferson Davis. Archived from 10927: 10919:. The Papers of Jefferson Davis. Archived from 10890:. The Papers of Jefferson Davis. Archived from 10886: 10830:The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 9902:The Confederate Image: Prints of the Lost Cause 9583:Hattaway, Herman; Beringer, Richard E. (2002). 8997: 8442: 4273: 4237: 3308: 2971:The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government 2953:The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government 2627:The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government 1256: 1249:to fill a vacancy in the U.S. Senate left when 1150:In July 1845, Davis became a candidate for the 704:secured the younger Davis's appointment to the 17688:American military personnel of the Indian Wars 16919:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 11505:Mississippi Department of Archives and History 11248:Rice University: The Papers of Jefferson Davis 11223:Rice University: The Papers of Jefferson Davis 10225:Writing the Civil War: The Quest to Understand 9740:. Indiana University Press. pp. 185–218. 3229:Rice University: The Papers of Jefferson Davis 2463:. Davis remained under indictment until after 794: 739:. During the same year, he was elected to the 17758:Heads of government who were later imprisoned 14805: 14097: 13907: 13013: 12499: 12173: 11917: 11627:Mississippi's at-large congressional district 11118:. American Presidency Project. Archived from 9605: 9059: 8940:The Death and Resurrection of Jefferson Davis 8913:. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 8134: 6676: 2741: 2590:Photograph of Jefferson Davis at his home in 2368:, Virginia, under the watch of Major General 1297:to allow settlers to bring their slaves into 1053:. Within days, both became severely ill with 180:August 10, 1847 – September 23, 1851 11592: 10533: 10075:An American Iliad:The Story of the Civil War 9961:. Indiana University Press. pp. 11–34. 8654: 3134:Collections of letters, speeches, and papers 2547:Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas 2018:withdrew his army into Vicksburg, and after 931:Second Lieutenant Davis was assigned to the 290:December 8, 1845 – October 28, 1846 17823:Recipients of American presidential pardons 17808:People who have received posthumous pardons 11465:Cooper, William J. Jr. (January 31, 2001). 10412:Inquiries into Art, History, and the Visual 10200:The Confederacy as Revolutionary Experience 10070:"Confederate Government and Administration" 8855:Black Hawk (1882). Patterson, J. B. (ed.). 3439: 3327:, pp. 16–19, which is cited by Eaton.) 2897:, New Orleans, Memphis, Tennessee, and the 2661:in Savannah and the Revolutionary War hero 1888:, 75 miles from the Confederate capital of 1700:75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion 1197:, Mississippi raised a volunteer unit, the 716:, daughter of general and future President 14812: 14798: 14111: 14104: 14090: 13914: 13900: 13020: 13006: 12506: 12492: 12180: 12166: 11924: 11910: 11545: 9396: 8854: 4564: 3874: 2791:Drawing of Davis arriving at the field of 2500:Photograph of Jefferson Davis in Glasgow ( 1069:Early political career and second marriage 42: 11375: 10898: 10365: 9928: 9855: 9551: 9520: 8873: 8702: 8546: 8510: 8406: 8382: 8370: 8318: 8254: 8250: 8222: 8198: 8182: 8174: 8162: 8122: 8102: 8086: 8074: 7990: 7962: 7934: 7223: 7207: 7183: 7155: 6780: 6740: 6640: 6564: 6540: 6484: 6432: 6420: 6396: 6384: 6372: 6348: 6336: 6264: 6240: 6192: 6168: 6156: 6152: 6136: 6100: 6052: 5997: 5973: 5933: 5921: 5897: 5825: 5785: 5765: 5693: 5669: 5653: 5625: 5613: 5609: 5597: 5593: 5569: 5557: 5533: 5521: 5505: 5489: 5453: 5413: 5369: 5277: 5245: 5202: 4113: 3838: 3766: 2682:Funeral procession of Jefferson Davis in 1924:independent of Bragg under Major General 1220:", and the regiment became known as the " 1176:The Defeat of the Mexican Lancers by the 635: 265:U.S. House of Representatives 144:March 4, 1857 – January 21, 1861 15008:Treatment of slaves in the United States 10848: 10661: 10570: 9803: 9606:Hattaway, Herman; Jones, Archer (1991). 9229:. Washington, D. C., H. A. Davis, 1927. 8966: 8797:Financial Failure and Confederate Defeat 8765: 8614: 8534: 8494: 8478: 8462: 8394: 8346: 8334: 8322: 8294: 8106: 7763: 7643: 4460: 3467: 3241:The Papers of Jefferson Davis: 1808–1840 3031:"The Indian policy of the United States" 2928: 2832: 2786: 2745: 2677: 2585: 2495: 2465:Johnson's proclamation on Christmas 1868 2428: 2344: 2319: 2267: 2216: 2152:Illustration of the capture of Davis by 2147: 2117:, which would continue for nine months. 2053: 1974: 1859: 1746:In addition to being the constitutional 1729: 1645: 1554: 1465: 1374: 1265: 1169: 1072: 1013: 807:from Philadelphia. Samuel served in the 81:February 22, 1862 – May 5, 1865 17873:United States senators who owned slaves 16751:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 14923:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 12189:United States senators from Mississippi 11727:U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Mississippi 11665:U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Mississippi 11362: 11254:from the original on December 15, 2020. 10940:Matisse, Jonathan (December 21, 2017). 10939: 10724: 10703: 10682: 10632: 10426: 10311: 10280: 10035: 9698: 9667: 9636: 9152: 8944:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 8935: 8823: 8690: 8598: 8554: 8522: 8458: 7862: 7850: 7838: 7826: 7787: 7775: 7751: 7707: 7579: 7567: 7456: 7444: 7432: 7420: 7380: 7291: 7267: 6904: 6892: 6868: 6844: 6832: 6804: 5337: 4876: 4804: 4780: 4768: 4756: 4396: 4097: 3954: 3862: 3814: 3778: 3587: 3344:muster rolls, and an 1850 biography by 3258:Jefferson Davis: The Essential Writings 2933:Photograph of Davis by W. W. Washburn ( 2702: 2479: 2389:sent a photograph of himself to Davis. 1623:of Louisiana for Attorney General, and 1165: 974:, and returned to duty just before the 900:, about 15 miles (24 km) south of 868:, a Catholic preparatory school run by 432: 1835; died 1835) 17798:People from Christian County, Kentucky 17773:Jefferson College (Mississippi) alumni 17635: 16736:Modern display of the Confederate flag 14819: 11464: 11311: 11292: 11267:from the original on December 12, 2008 11258: 11241: 11216: 11113: 10603: 10504: 10475: 10405: 10343:. University of North Carolina Press. 10216: 10195: 10164: 10130: 10108:. University of North Carolina Press. 10066: 10004: 9983: 9906:. University of North Carolina Press. 9824: 9729: 9587:Jefferson Davis, Confederate President 9489: 9458: 9427: 9365: 9303: 9272: 9241: 9121: 9090: 8904: 8714: 8642: 8602: 8586: 8570: 8566: 8550: 8506: 8490: 8474: 8454: 8418: 8358: 8314: 8302: 8282: 8270: 8258: 8246: 8210: 8194: 8178: 8150: 8138: 8118: 8098: 8070: 8066: 8042: 8030: 8014: 8002: 7950: 7910: 7898: 7874: 7799: 7735: 7711: 7691: 7679: 7667: 7631: 7603: 7591: 7555: 7543: 7519: 7492: 7480: 7416: 7392: 7339: 7303: 7279: 7195: 7131: 7119: 7107: 7095: 7011: 6880: 6856: 6764: 6728: 6724: 6712: 6700: 6636: 6600: 6552: 6499: 6480: 6468: 6464: 6455:, pp. 202–203 for text of the act 6452: 6448: 6444: 6408: 6360: 6324: 6312: 6300: 6276: 6252: 6216: 6204: 6180: 6148: 6112: 6088: 6076: 6040: 6025: 6009: 5985: 5969: 5957: 5945: 5909: 5893: 5869: 5857: 5853: 5841: 5829: 5813: 5789: 5769: 5753: 5741: 5729: 5717: 5705: 5641: 5629: 5581: 5493: 5465: 5449: 5437: 5405: 5393: 5361: 5349: 5289: 5175: 5151: 5116: 5092: 5052: 5012: 4988: 4976: 4936: 4924: 4888: 4868: 4844: 4832: 4816: 4744: 4696: 4684: 4672: 4648: 4532: 4520: 4496: 4472: 4448: 4436: 4424: 4412: 4384: 4372: 4348: 4309: 4297: 4249: 4225: 4213: 4185: 4173: 4161: 4125: 4109: 4089: 4077: 4053: 4026: 4014: 3990: 3934: 3898: 3850: 3826: 3802: 3750: 3734: 3722: 3686: 3650: 3614: 3602: 3579: 3567: 3527: 3495: 3463: 3307:, who provides no citation. (Also see 3192:includes letters to Varina about Davis 2709:Funeral and burials of Jefferson Davis 2525:, which was devoted to presenting the 2521:. He became a life-time member of the 2328:issued between April and December 1862 2003:, and countered with an invasion into 1152:United States House of Representatives 896:, who already owned a large estate in 741:United States House of Representatives 223:March 7, 1853 – March 4, 1857 17848:United States Military Academy alumni 17813:Pierce administration cabinet members 17698:American people of the Black Hawk War 16954: 16343: 15907: 15130: 14933:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 14831: 14793: 14085: 13895: 13001: 12487: 12161: 11905: 11892: 11591: 11384:. Philp & Solomons. p. 113. 11367:. Library of Congress. Archived from 11349: 11330: 11279: 11183: 11164: 11145: 10899:Blackburn, Piper H. (July 14, 2020). 10782: 10573:Jefferson Davis: The Man and his Hour 10338: 10285:Franklin Pierce: Martyr for the Union 10099: 9950: 9334: 9220: 9215:Jefferson Davis: The Man and His Hour 9188:Jefferson Davis: The Man and his Hour 9183: 9126:Jefferson Davis and the Civil War Era 8574: 8430: 8054: 8021:, art. I, §9 cl. 4; art. IV, §3 cl. 3 7974: 7938: 7922: 7886: 7814: 7739: 7723: 7695: 7655: 7619: 7607: 7507: 7468: 7404: 7363: 7351: 7327: 7315: 7255: 7243: 7071: 6987: 6816: 6792: 6664: 6652: 6612: 6588: 6576: 6523: 6288: 5681: 5409: 5381: 5365: 5325: 5313: 5301: 5273: 5269: 5257: 5241: 5214: 5163: 5136: 5124: 5120: 5104: 5080: 5076: 5064: 5036: 5024: 5000: 4964: 4960: 4948: 4912: 4900: 4872: 4856: 4820: 4792: 4732: 4720: 4708: 4660: 4636: 4624: 4612: 4600: 4588: 4576: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4508: 4484: 4360: 4333: 4321: 4201: 4189: 4149: 4137: 4093: 4065: 4038: 4002: 3978: 3966: 3942: 3938: 3922: 3910: 3886: 3790: 3754: 3738: 3710: 3698: 3674: 3662: 3638: 3626: 3583: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3515: 3503: 3499: 3483: 3324: 2613:invited him to live on her estate at 2207: 1813:were lost, as well as control of the 1415:Davis assisted in the passage of the 1154:. He ran on a platform emphasizing a 696:, but spent most of his childhood in 21:Jefferson Davis (Arkansas politician) 17793:Politicians from Biloxi, Mississippi 17538: 11471:interview with William J. Cooper on 11009:Southern Poverty Law Center (2022). 10761: 10571:Hattaway, Herman (December 1992). " 10249: 10077:. Louisiana State University Press. 9789: 9767:. Louisiana State University Press. 9560:. Louisiana State University Press. 9467:. Louisiana State University Press. 9436:. Louisiana State University Press. 9312:. Louisiana State University Press. 9130:. Louisiana State University Press. 9037:. Louisiana State University Press. 9028: 9006:. Louisiana State University Press. 8792: 8618: 7531: 7059: 7047: 6999: 6971: 6959: 6944: 6940: 6928: 3438:The pope's photograph was inscribed 3254:Cooper, William J. Jr., ed. (2003). 3225:"List of Documents Available Online" 3170:Vol. V (January, 1861 – August 1863) 2829:List of memorials to Jefferson Davis 2519:enfranchisement of African Americans 1567:by A.C. Whitmore (February 18, 1861) 908:West Point and early military career 832:. He was named after then-President 17788:Military personnel from Mississippi 17658:19th-century American Episcopalians 17090:Committee on the Conduct of the War 16766:United Daughters of the Confederacy 11894:Articles related to Jefferson Davis 11864:President of the Confederate States 11096:. February 16, 2020. Archived from 11028: 9703:The Burden of Confederate Diplomacy 9676:. University Press of Mississippi. 5187: 2989:Andersonville and Other War-Prisons 2974:. Vol. II. D. Appleton. 1881. 2889:have been argued to legitimize the 2364:On May 22, Davis was imprisoned in 2309: 1607:of Georgia for Secretary of State, 1546:President of the Confederate States 1461: 1370: 844:In 1810, the Davis family moved to 819:. He married Jane Cook, a woman of 663:president of the Confederate States 69:President of the Confederate States 13: 17763:Heads of state of former countries 17673:19th-century American male writers 17160:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 16955: 16499:impeachment managers investigation 14878:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 11229:from the original on June 27, 2017 11000:. February 2, 2020. Archived from 9763:Icenhauer-Ramirez, Robert (2019). 9672:Joseph E. Davis: Pioneer Patriarch 9157:West Point: A Bicentennial History 8828:Empire of Cotton: A Global History 3472:Williams, Cooper & Roland 2003 3414:, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, 3203:Crist, Lynda L., ed. (1971–2015). 3102:"Autobiography of Jefferson Davis" 2956:. Vol. I. D. Appleton. 1881. 2372:. Initially, he was confined to a 2225:, published by Thomas Kelly (1897) 2212: 2144:End of the Confederacy and capture 1049:, his sister Anna Smith's home in 1018:Miniature of Davis around age 32 ( 1010:Planting career and first marriage 988:United States Regiment of Dragoons 839: 665:from 1861 to 1865. He represented 507:The Sovereign State of Mississippi 14: 17889: 17703:American cotton plantation owners 17683:American male non-fiction writers 17663:19th-century American politicians 16585:Reconstruction military districts 15033:Abolitionism in the United States 14988:Plantations in the American South 14903:Origins of the American Civil War 14772:Fourth Treaty of Prairie du Chien 11772:Senate Military Affairs Committee 11700:Senate Military Affairs Committee 11562:Works by or about Jefferson Davis 11501:The Jefferson Davis Estate Papers 11400: 11335:. In Richardson, James D. (ed.). 11316:. In Richardson, James D. (ed.). 11297:. In Richardson, James D. (ed.). 11056:. August 30, 2015. Archived from 10685:The Wisconsin Magazine of History 10406:Atuire, Caesar Alimsinya (2020). 9707:. University of Tennessee Press. 9212:- Knowledge article on the book: 2783:Performance as commander in chief 2713:Davis's body lay in state at the 2280:kneeling on a Black slave before 2253: 1987:On January 1, Lincoln issued the 1619:of Texas for Postmaster General, 1615:of Alabama for Secretary of War, 1026:Davis decided to become a cotton 661:who served as the first and only 17853:United States secretaries of war 17713:American prisoners and detainees 17668:19th-century American memoirists 17615: 17598: 17581: 17564: 17547: 17519: 17507: 17495: 17483: 17471: 17439: 17430: 17429: 16568:Enforcement Act of February 1871 16541:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 14767:First Treaty of Prairie du Chien 13956: 13538: 13531: 13029:United States Secretaries of War 12710: 12331: 11966: 11522: 11340: 11321: 11302: 10044:. University Press of Kentucky. 9614:. University of Illinois Press. 9281:. University of Nebraska Press. 8801:. University of Illinois Press. 8631:Southern Poverty Law Center 2022 3432: 3396: 3351: 3174:Vol. VI (August 1863 – May 1865) 2326:Confederate States treasury note 2115:trench warfare around Petersburg 1051:West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana 487: 25:Jefferson Davis (disambiguation) 17353:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 17215:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 16776:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 11575:"Jefferson Davis (id: D000113)" 11382:A Handbook of Politics for 1868 10851:The Journal of Southern History 10606:The Journal of Southern History 10577:The Journal of American History 10536:The Journal of American Studies 10258:. University of Georgia Press. 10009:The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861 9992:. University of Chicago Press. 9397:Eisenhower, John S. D. (1990). 9122:Cooper, William J. Jr. (2008). 9091:Cooper, William J. Jr. (2000). 8770:. University of Alabama Press. 8754:Bibliography of Jefferson Davis 8747: 6625:Neely, Holzer & Boritt 1987 5426:Neely, Holzer & Boritt 1987 3330: 2915:dismantle Confederate monuments 2340: 1550: 1542:, and returned to Mississippi. 449: 429: 17838:Transylvania University alumni 17678:19th-century American planters 16456:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 11840:United States Secretary of War 10984:. May 11, 2017. Archived from 10706:Tennessee Historical Quarterly 10374:. University Press of Kansas. 10316:. Texas A & M University. 9933:. Cambridge University Press. 9591:. University Press of Kansas. 9161:. University Press of Kansas. 3314: 3297: 3235:Volume 1 is available online: 3216:A selection of documents from 3118:"The doctrine of state rights" 2474: 1981:White House of the Confederacy 1385:United States Secretary of War 1002:. In February 1835, Davis was 957:president of the United States 914:United States Military Academy 780:the memorials dedicated to him 706:United States Military Academy 687:United States Secretary of War 478:United States Military Academy 211:United States Secretary of War 1: 17828:19th-century American writers 17783:Lost Cause of the Confederacy 17718:American proslavery activists 16871:Ladies' Memorial Associations 16573:Enforcement Act of April 1871 16469:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 16344: 14635:Wisconsin Heights Battlefield 11622:U.S. House of Representatives 11605:U.S. House of Representatives 11127:Confederate Congress (1861). 11030:"Today in History–November 6" 10929:"Margaret Howell Davis Hayes" 10366:Woodworth, Steven E. (1990). 9793:History of Education in Texas 9668:Hermann, Janet Sharp (1990). 9153:Crackel, Theodore J. (2002). 9064:The American South: A History 8874:Bordewich, Fergus M. (2012). 8553:, pp. 186–187, 204–205; 6917:U.S. Department of State 2013 3285: 3219:The Papers of Jefferson Davis 3205:The Papers of Jefferson Davis 3140:Rowland, Dunbar, ed. (1923). 3106:Rowland, Dunbar, ed. (1923). 2934: 2895:University of Texas at Austin 2796: 2599: 2501: 2067: 1738:of Davis and his generals by 1718:—joined the Confederacy. The 1663: 1490:submitted by a convention in 1365:presidential election of 1852 1282: 1186: 1019: 951:under the command of Colonel 789: 782:throughout the United States 776:Lost Cause of the Confederacy 698:Wilkinson County, Mississippi 53: 17728:Confederate militia generals 17004:Confederate revolving cannon 16746:Sons of Confederate Veterans 16617:South Carolina riots of 1876 16595:Indian Council at Fort Smith 16546:South Carolina riots of 1876 16511:Knights of the White Camelia 15003:Slavery in the United States 11455:Resources in other libraries 11431:Resources in other libraries 11188:. In Rowland, Dunbar (ed.). 10792:Journal of the Civil War Era 10312:Winders, Richard B. (2016). 10289:. Vol. II. Plaidswede. 9856:McPherson, James M. (2014). 9699:Hubbard, Charles M. (1998). 9552:Goldfield, David R. (2002). 9529:. Harvard University Press. 9498:. Harvard University Press. 9242:DeRosa, Marshall L. (1991). 8967:Connelly, Thomas L. (1977). 8766:Atchison, R. Jarrod (2017). 8235:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 7144:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 7084:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 7036:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 7024:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 6976:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 6829:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 6769:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 6753:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 6689:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 6512:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 6229:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 6125:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 6065:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 6014:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 5882:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 5802:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 5782:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 5666:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 5546:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 5518:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 5478:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 5230:Hattaway & Beringer 2002 3451: 3166:Vol. IV (1856–January, 1861) 2907:the statues of other figures 2854:, who first popularized the 2609:In January 1877, the author 2092:marched to Savannah, Georgia 2049: 1993:United States Colored Troops 1979:Colorized photograph of the 1635: 1257:Senator and Secretary of War 978:, which ended the war. When 864:and his relatives to attend 7: 17868:Southern Historical Society 17843:United States Army officers 17358:New York City riots of 1863 17183:Battle Hymn of the Republic 16934:United Confederate Veterans 16771:Children of the Confederacy 16761:United Confederate Veterans 16756:Southern Historical Society 15908: 15388:Price's Missouri Expedition 14858:Timeline leading to the War 14832: 14726:Battle of Wisconsin Heights 14686:Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds 12523:Military Affairs Committee 11521:(public domain audiobooks) 10635:Journal of Southern History 10507:Journal of Southern History 10173:. Oxford University Press. 10067:Roland, Charles P. (1991). 10036:Rennick, Robert M. (1984). 9929:Nicoletti, Cynthia (2017). 9804:Lavender, David S. (1966). 9645:. Oxford University Press. 9521:Gallagher, Gary W. (1997). 9374:. Mercer University Press. 8936:Collins, Donald E. (2005). 8443:Connelly & Bellows 1982 7146:, pp. 430, 506 fn 130. 5428:, Plate 2, between pp. 2–3. 3023: 2924: 2523:Southern Historical Society 2511:Virginia Historical Society 2455:. Davis and Varina went to 2062:of the fall of Richmond by 1965:St. Paul's Episcopal Church 1476:35th United States Congress 1452:United States Supreme Court 1303:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1301:. He opposed ratifying the 823:descent whom he had met in 795:Birth and family background 10: 17894: 17708:American political writers 17326:Confederate Secret Service 16914:Grand Army of the Republic 16806:Grand Army of the Republic 16624:Southern Claims Commission 14762:Treaty of St. Louis (1804) 14716:Battle of Apple River Fort 14528:Stillman's Run Battle Site 11497:(encyclopediavirginia.org) 11486:Digital Library of Georgia 11378:"Trial of Jefferson Davis" 11376:McPherson, Edward (1868). 11331:Davis, Jefferson (1906) . 11312:Davis, Jefferson (1906) . 11293:Davis, Jefferson (1906) . 11259:Davis, Jefferson (1861c). 11242:Davis, Jefferson (1861b). 11217:Davis, Jefferson (1861a). 11184:Davis, Jefferson (1923) . 10433:American Historical Review 10339:Woods, Michael E. (2020). 10281:Wallner, Peter A. (2007). 10165:Stoker, Donald J. (2010). 10100:Rubin, Anne Sarah (2005). 9637:Hermann, Janet S. (1981). 9490:Foster, Gaines M. (1987). 9366:Eckert, Edward K. (1987). 9304:Durden, Robert F. (1972). 9184:Davis, William C. (1991). 8751: 8017:, pp. 1266–1267: see 3373:, General Simmons, Davis, 3063:"Lord Wolseley's mistakes" 2826: 2742:Political views on slavery 2706: 2313: 2257: 2239:created a centralized army 2178:Greensboro, North Carolina 2001:Battle of Chancellorsville 1676:Charleston, South Carolina 1656:Bombardment of Fort Sumter 1639: 1536:1860 presidential election 1427:territories, repealed the 1261: 1199:First Mississippi Regiment 1158:view of the constitution, 1113:1844 presidential election 813:American Revolutionary War 18: 17778:Family of Jefferson Davis 17425: 17401: 17314:Confederate States dollar 17286: 17228: 17173: 17125:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 17120:Emancipation Proclamation 17082: 17014:Medal of Honor recipients 16971: 16967: 16950: 16902:Confederate Memorial Hall 16884: 16863: 16821: 16793: 16784: 16704:Confederate Memorial Hall 16677:Confederate History Month 16657:Civil War Discovery Trail 16637: 16558:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 16389: 16364:Reconstruction Amendments 16354: 16350: 16339: 16261: 16130: 16123: 16063: 15927: 15920: 15916: 15903: 15845: 15592: 15585: 15416: 15272: 15231: 15199: 15166: 15159: 15155: 15126: 15023: 14973:Emancipation Proclamation 14941: 14842: 14838: 14827: 14739: 14706:Battle of Kellogg's Grove 14648: 14460: 14410: 14327: 14289: 14282: 14251: 14223: 14205: 14187: 14169: 14126: 14119: 14062:Secretary of the Interior 14060: 14041: 14022: 14003: 13984: 13967:Secretary of the Treasury 13965: 13954: 13937: 13700: 13560: 13547: 13529: 13497: 13352: 13052: 13039: 12888:Armed Services Committee 12887: 12719: 12708: 12522: 12340: 12329: 12195: 12118: 12099: 12080: 12037: 12008:Secretary of the Treasury 12006: 11975: 11964: 11947: 11899: 11861: 11856: 11846: 11837: 11829: 11824: 11814: 11801: 11793: 11788: 11778: 11768: 11760: 11740: 11724: 11716: 11706: 11696: 11688: 11678: 11662: 11654: 11647: 11637: 11618: 11610: 11603: 11598: 11473:Jefferson Davis, American 11450:Resources in your library 11426:Resources in your library 11350:Davis, Jefferson (1865). 11280:Davis, Jefferson (1862). 11165:Davis, Jefferson (1850). 11146:Davis, Jefferson (1848). 10664:The Mississippi Quarterly 10548:10.1017/S0021875811000089 10418:: 449–467. Archived from 10250:Todd, Richard C. (1954). 10217:Thomas, Emory M. (1998). 10196:Thomas, Emory M. (1970). 9984:Owsley, Frank L. (1959). 9954:"The Anatomy of the Myth" 9825:Levine, Bruce R. (2006). 9730:Hunter, Lloyd A. (2000). 9095:Jefferson Davis, American 8793:Ball, Douglas B. (1991). 8135:Hattaway & Jones 1991 8019:Confederate Congress 1861 7134:, pp. xxxviii–xxxix. 6677:Cooper & Terrill 1991 3122:The North American Review 3083:The North American Review 3067:The North American Review 3051:The North American Review 3035:The North American Review 2822: 2581: 1989:Emancipation Proclamation 1906:Battle of Second Manassas 1839:attacked the Union forces 648: 601: 591: 581: 555: 538: 512: 500: 495: 483: 473: 462: 408: 396: 386: 370: 353: 329: 324: 320: 308: 296: 283: 261: 249: 237: 227: 216: 208: 196: 184: 173: 160: 148: 137: 125: 113: 101: 87: 74: 67: 63: 41: 34: 17863:Family of Zachary Taylor 17858:Writers from Mississippi 17388:U.S. Sanitary Commission 17299:Battlefield preservation 17205:Marching Through Georgia 17130:Hampton Roads Conference 17105:Confiscation Act of 1862 17100:Confiscation Act of 1861 16876:U.S. national cemeteries 16682:Confederate Memorial Day 16667:Civil War Trails Program 16536:New Orleans riot of 1866 14696:Battle of Horseshoe Bend 14661:Battle of Stillman's Run 12720:Naval Affairs Committee 11789:Party political offices 11593:Offices and distinctions 11573:United States Congress. 11553:Works by Jefferson Davis 11539:Works by Jefferson Davis 11530:Works by Jefferson Davis 11515:Works by Jefferson Davis 11363:Johnson, Andrew (1868). 10142:. Simon & Schuster. 9833:. Simon & Schuster. 9459:Escott, Paul D. (2009). 9250:. Simon & Schuster. 9221:Davis, Harry A. (1927). 9029:Cook, Robert J. (2007). 8905:Cashin, Joan E. (2006). 8882:. Simon & Schuster. 8655:Hague & Sebesta 2011 8185:, pp. 305, 314–315. 6467:, pp. 119–120: see 4312:, pp. 109–110, 115. 3290: 3178:Vol. VII (May 1865–1877) 2944: 2901:in Frankfort. After the 2870:Jefferson Davis Memorial 2839:Jefferson Davis monument 2793:Battle of First Manassas 2673: 2193:Lincoln was assassinated 1918:Battle of Fredericksburg 1540:resigned from the Senate 1441:civil violence in Kansas 1397:Pacific Railroad Surveys 1341:Missouri Compromise Line 1193:At the beginning of the 803:background, came to the 763:from the United States. 675:House of Representatives 525:United States Volunteers 17309:Confederate war finance 16929:Southern Cross of Honor 16897:1938 Gettysburg reunion 16892:1913 Gettysburg reunion 16590:Reconstruction Treaties 16563:Enforcement Act of 1870 16446:Freedman's Savings Bank 15063:Lane Debates on Slavery 14888:Lincoln–Douglas debates 14711:Attack at Ament's Cabin 14701:Battle of Waddams Grove 11808:Governor of Mississippi 11034:The Library of Congress 10888:"About Jefferson Davis" 9951:Nolan, Alan T. (2000). 9790:Lane, John Jay (1903). 9335:Eaton, Clement (1977). 9273:Dugard, Martin (2009). 3829:, pp. 3, 217, 309. 2887:Jefferson Davis Highway 2736:Raleigh, North Carolina 2491:University of the South 2316:Confederate war finance 1970: 1792: 1725: 1658:, Charleston Harbor by 1291:Smithsonian Institution 1047:Locust Grove Plantation 898:Davis Bend, Mississippi 886:Transylvania University 735:In 1845, Davis married 17738:Deaths from bronchitis 17368:Richmond riots of 1863 17294:Baltimore riot of 1861 17074:U.S. Military Railroad 16994:Confederate Home Guard 16726:Historiographic issues 16692:Historical reenactment 15191:Revenue Cutter Service 15058:William Lloyd Garrison 14967:Dred Scott v. Sandford 14691:Spafford Farm massacre 14113:Black Hawk War of 1832 11868:Provisional: 1861–1862 11358:on September 17, 2020. 11288:on September 20, 2020. 11078:"William Howell Davis" 10575:by William C. Davis". 10427:Beckert, Sven (2004). 9641:The Pursuit of a Dream 8824:Beckert, Sven (2015). 8739:Associated Press 2022b 8727:Associated Press 2022a 8493:, pp. 40–43, 57; 7176:Icenhauer-Ramirez 2019 4252:, pp. 76–78, 225. 3470:, pp. 1178–1179; 3440: 2941: 2903:murder of George Floyd 2899:Kentucky State Capitol 2846: 2807: 2764:strict constructionist 2759: 2724:John Nicholas Galleher 2693:Charles Erasmus Fenner 2687: 2653:, an advocate for the 2606: 2505: 2486:Randolph–Macon College 2440: 2361: 2329: 2285: 2226: 2161: 2088:battles around Atlanta 2071: 2024:Port Hudson, Louisiana 1984: 1959:; in May 1863, he was 1942:Battle of Stones River 1869: 1743: 1667: 1568: 1488:Lecompton Constitution 1483: 1388: 1286: 1190: 1156:strict constructionist 1081: 1023: 918:Albert Sidney Johnston 902:Vicksburg, Mississippi 850:Woodville, Mississippi 596:1st Mississippi Rifles 364:New Orleans, Louisiana 23:. For other uses, see 17333:Great Revival of 1863 17210:Maryland, My Maryland 16999:Confederate railroads 16662:Civil War Roundtables 16531:Meridian riot of 1871 16526:Memphis riots of 1866 15083:George Luther Stearns 15068:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 14961:Crittenden Compromise 14676:Indian Creek massacre 14043:Secretary of the Navy 13354:Assistant Secretaries 12082:Secretary of the Navy 11957:Alexander H. Stephens 11495:Encyclopedia Virginia 11371:on February 22, 2020. 11100:on February 17, 2022. 10804:10.1353/cwe.2016.0072 10783:Waite, Kevin (2016). 10739:10.1353/scu.1996.0006 9428:Escott, Paul (1978). 8752:Further information: 8679:Associated Press 2017 8667:Associated Press 2015 7110:, pp. xxv–xxvii. 7098:, pp. xxii–xxiv. 6907:, pp. 1410–1414. 4286:Rice University 2011b 4262:Rice University 2011a 3741:, pp. 25, 28–29. 3424:Alexander H. Stephens 3420:Christopher Memminger 3222:is available online: 3182:Vol. VIII (1877–1881) 3128:(399): 204–219. 1890. 3073:(395): 472–482. 1889. 3057:(370): 246–260. 1887. 3041:(360): 436–446. 1886. 2932: 2836: 2790: 2752:Brierfield Plantation 2749: 2715:New Orleans City Hall 2681: 2637:North American Review 2589: 2499: 2432: 2348: 2323: 2271: 2247:writ of habeas corpus 2220: 2174:Appomattox Courthouse 2151: 2057: 2036:Battle of Chickamauga 1978: 1914:stalemate at Antietam 1898:Battle of Seven Pines 1863: 1733: 1696:attack on Fort Sumter 1649: 1640:Further information: 1609:Christopher Memminger 1561:Alabama State Capitol 1558: 1469: 1378: 1269: 1234:Battle of Buena Vista 1173: 1109:presidential electors 1105:Margaret Kempe Howell 1076: 1036:Brierfield Plantation 1017: 933:1st Infantry Regiment 874:Springfield, Kentucky 730:Brierfield Plantation 700:. His eldest brother 631:Battle of Buena Vista 539:Years of service 127:United States Senator 96:Alexander H. Stephens 17220:Daar kom die Alibama 17135:National Union Party 16811:memorials to Lincoln 16731:Lost Cause mythology 16436:Eufaula riot of 1874 16424:Confederate refugees 15637:District of Columbia 15264:Union naval blockade 15110:Underground Railroad 14898:Nullification crisis 14721:Sinsinawa Mound raid 14666:Buffalo Grove ambush 12071:John C. Breckinridge 11060:on December 6, 2022. 11023:on February 1, 2022. 10988:on December 6, 2022. 10952:on January 29, 2021. 10911:on December 6, 2022. 10894:on February 5, 2022. 10422:on December 5, 2022. 10040:Kentucky Place Names 10013:. Harper & Row. 8601:, pp. 146–147; 8589:, p. 249 fn 21. 8573:, pp. 197–198; 8569:, pp. 96, 122; 8253:, pp. 117–118; 8177:, pp. 250–251; 7610:, pp. 666, 682. 7606:, pp. 638–641; 7419:, pp. 621–622; 6767:, pp. 159–156; 6627:, pp. 185, 247. 6483:, pp. 195–196; 6363:, pp. 503, 507. 6155:, pp. 131–132; 6012:, pp. 387–388; 5856:, pp. 396–397; 5784:, pp. 152–153; 5668:, pp. 160–161; 5520:, pp. 108–109; 5364:, pp. 336–337; 5079:, pp. 278–279; 4963:, pp. 258–259; 4951:, pp. 256, 259. 4875:, pp. 248–249; 4871:, pp. 266–268; 4274:Rice University 2020 4238:Rice University 2013 3474:, p. 429 fn 53. 3466:, p. 711 fn 1; 3402:From left to right: 3357:From left to right: 3309:Rice University 2018 3190:Vol. X (1887– 1891; 3162:Vol. III (1856–1856) 3089:(398): 55–56. 1889. 2909:who were considered 2779:, to extermination. 2703:Funeral and reburial 2624:Davis's first book, 2480:Seeking a livelihood 2449:Cornelius Vanderbilt 2410:Andersonville Prison 2291:dependence on cotton 2009:Battle of Gettysburg 1938:Battle of Perryville 1930:Knoxville, Tennessee 1847:Corinth, Mississippi 1781:, Kentucky, western 1752:military departments 1528:John C. Breckinridge 1439:and the increase of 1403:of today's southern 1195:Mexican–American War 1166:Mexican–American War 1032:Hurricane Plantation 866:Saint Thomas College 770:, and imprisoned at 749:United States Senate 745:Mexican–American War 671:United States Senate 621:Mexican-American War 609:American Indian Wars 17743:Deaths from malaria 17378:Supreme Court cases 17145:Radical Republicans 16924:Old soldiers' homes 16908:Confederate Veteran 16834:artworks in Capitol 16553:Reconstruction acts 16414:Colfax riot of 1873 15378:Richmond-Petersburg 14983:Fugitive slave laws 14913:Popular sovereignty 14893:Missouri Compromise 14883:Kansas-Nebraska Act 14747:Black Hawk Purchase 14605:Hamilton's Diggings 14443:Joseph Throckmorton 14397:James W. Stephenson 14367:William S. Hamilton 12238:T. Hickman Williams 11991:Robert M. T. Hunter 11084:on August 14, 2020. 11066:"Varina Anne Davis" 10917:"Joseph Evan Davis" 10478:Virginia Law Review 10254:Confederate Finance 9525:The Confederate War 8657:, pp. 291–295. 8577:, pp. 200–201. 8557:, pp. 352–354. 8513:, pp. 247–252. 8409:, pp. 152–153. 8385:, pp. 247–251. 8373:, pp. 116–117. 8285:, pp. 130–132. 8273:, pp. 177–179. 8261:, pp. 408–409. 8257:, pp. 6, 252; 8213:, pp. 262–264. 8201:, pp. 315–316. 8165:, pp. 249–250. 8125:, pp. 110–113. 8045:, pp. 192–193. 7993:, pp. 148–149. 7965:, pp. 146–147. 7913:, pp. 280–281. 7802:, pp. 652–654. 7694:, pp. 98–100; 7670:, pp. 619–621. 7658:, pp. 673–676. 7634:, pp. 612–613. 7594:, pp. 628–629. 7558:, pp. 572–573. 7546:, pp. 608–609. 7522:, pp. 604–605. 7495:, pp. 598–600. 7483:, pp. 594–596. 7471:, pp. 680–681. 7459:, pp. 186–188. 7435:, pp. 177–181. 7354:, pp. 664–665. 7342:, pp. 584–589. 7246:, pp. 204–205. 7198:, pp. 562–563. 7050:, pp. 144–145. 7038:, pp. 275–276. 7026:, pp. 272–274. 7014:, pp. 363–367. 6783:, pp. 228–231. 6755:, pp. 272–273. 6591:, pp. 628–630. 6567:, pp. 241–244. 6555:, pp. 524–526. 6502:, pp. 400–401. 6487:, pp. 234–235. 6435:, pp. 229–239. 6423:, pp. 235–236. 6399:, pp. 219–220. 6387:, pp. 187–191. 6375:, pp. 216–219. 6351:, pp. 286–290. 6339:, pp. 192–199. 6315:, pp. 496–497. 6267:, pp. 168–169. 6231:, pp. 238–239. 6207:, pp. 455–457. 6195:, pp. 237–238. 6159:, pp. 207–208. 6139:, pp. 129–131. 6127:, pp. 222–223. 6115:, pp. 311–317. 6091:, pp. 435–437. 6067:, pp. 191–192. 6028:, pp. 408–409. 6016:, pp. 151–152. 6000:, pp. 112–114. 5988:, pp. 422–423. 5948:, pp. 401–403. 5936:, pp. 135–136. 5912:, pp. 177–178. 5900:, pp. 130–135. 5872:, pp. 189–190. 5860:, pp. 185–187. 5844:, pp. 162–163. 5832:, pp. 155–156. 5816:, pp. 381–382. 5792:, pp. 152–151. 5732:, pp. 380–381. 5708:, pp. 382–383. 5672:, pp. 102–108. 5644:, pp. 378–379. 5632:, pp. 120–121. 5548:, pp. 32, 109. 5396:, pp. 582–583. 5368:, p. 320–321; 5340:, pp. 442–443. 5217:, pp. 301–304. 5166:, pp. 120–124. 5139:, pp. 121–122. 5127:, pp. 119–120. 5083:, pp. 112–113. 5015:, pp. 290–291. 5003:, pp. 260–261. 4979:, pp. 325–326. 4967:, pp. 109–111. 4927:, pp. 274–276. 4915:, pp. 250–251. 4891:, pp. 158–161. 4859:, pp. 236–237. 4847:, pp. 254–255. 4795:, pp. 541–542. 4747:, pp. 241–242. 4723:, pp. 214–217. 4687:, pp. 191–192. 4651:, pp. 188–189. 4639:, pp. 205–206. 4615:, pp. 184–185. 4591:, pp. 165–166. 4567:, pp. 365–366. 4555:, pp. 536–539. 4535:, pp. 170–171. 4511:, pp. 172–173. 4475:, pp. 158–159. 4463:, pp. 199–203. 4451:, pp. 282–284. 4439:, pp. 243–244. 4427:, pp. 205–208. 4387:, pp. 153–157. 4336:, pp. 123–124. 4204:, pp. 101–106. 3865:, pp. 178–179. 3582:, p. 662 fn1; 3558:, p. 709 fn 8. 3379:P. G. T. Beauregard 3186:Vol. IX (1881–1887) 3158:Vol. II (1850–1856) 2551:Thomas S. Gathright 2517:, particularly the 2461:Lennoxville, Quebec 2202:Irwinville, Georgia 1851:Tupelo, Mississippi 1702:, four more states– 1680:P. G. T. Beauregard 1578:Montgomery, Alabama 1433:popular sovereignty 1429:Missouri Compromise 1417:Kansas-Nebraska Act 1410:Washington Aqueduct 1229:Battle of Monterrey 1125:annexation of Texas 1101:Varina Banks Howell 955:, who later became 817:Washington, Georgia 689:from 1853 to 1857. 677:as a member of the 626:Battle of Monterrey 530:Army of Mississippi 17478:American Civil War 17199:A Lincoln Portrait 17140:Politicians killed 17064:U.S. Balloon Corps 17059:Union corps badges 16839:memorials to Davis 16709:Disenfranchisement 16580:Reconstruction era 16461:Timber Culture Act 16419:Compromise of 1877 15383:Franklin–Nashville 15053:Frederick Douglass 14956:Cornerstone Speech 14873:Compromise of 1850 14821:American Civil War 14681:St. Vrain massacre 14545:Michigan Territory 14024:Postmaster General 13939:Secretary of State 12101:Postmaster-General 12090:Stephen R. Mallory 12059:George W. Randolph 11977:Secretary of State 11825:Political offices 11750:Title next held by 11746:American Civil War 11733:Served alongside: 11671:Served alongside: 11439:By Jefferson Davis 11133:. James H. Goody. 10964:on August 28, 2013 10764:The Georgia Review 10132:Stampp, Kenneth M. 8633:, pp. 10, 36. 8549:, pp. 28–29; 8317:, pp. 81–83; 8237:, pp. 99–103. 8197:, pp. 87–88; 7258:, p. 656–658. 6831:, pp. 50–51; 6451:, p. 23: see 6447:, pp. 66–67; 5828:, pp. 91–95; 5788:, pp. 82–83; 5768:, pp. 78–79; 5628:, pp. 66–67; 5492:, pp. 42–47; 5316:, p. 311–312. 5119:, pp. 31–32; 4096:, pp. 90–92; 4092:, pp. 84–86; 3570:, p. 662 fn1. 3387:Joseph E. Johnston 3367:Benjamin McCulloch 3262:. Modern Library. 3207:. Rice University. 3154:Vol I. (1824–1850) 2942: 2847: 2808: 2760: 2750:Sketch of Davis's 2732:Hollywood Cemetery 2688: 2607: 2506: 2441: 2362: 2330: 2286: 2227: 2208:Civil War policies 2198:Abbeville, Georgia 2170:Danville, Virginia 2162: 2102:in December 1864. 2072: 1985: 1926:Edmund Kirby Smith 1902:Seven Days Battles 1886:Virginia Peninsula 1875:George W. Randolph 1870: 1831:political generals 1775:Columbus, Kentucky 1756:Joseph E. Johnston 1748:commander-in-chief 1744: 1720:American Civil War 1684:Confederate troops 1668: 1642:American Civil War 1569: 1484: 1389: 1349:Henry Stuart Foote 1337:Compromise of 1850 1287: 1279:29th U.S. Congress 1222:Mississippi Rifles 1191: 1183:Samuel Chamberlain 1178:Mississippi Rifles 1082: 1024: 1000:Arkansas Territory 949:Michigan Territory 894:Joseph Emory Davis 830:Fairview, Kentucky 720:. Sarah died from 710:United States Army 702:Joseph Emory Davis 694:Fairview, Kentucky 683:American Civil War 655:Jefferson F. Davis 520:United States Army 380:Richmond, Virginia 375:Hollywood Cemetery 347:Fairview, Kentucky 334:Jefferson F. Davis 108:Office established 17459: 17458: 17453: 17452: 17421: 17420: 17417: 17416: 17251:Italian Americans 17236:African Americans 17193:John Brown's Body 16946: 16945: 16942: 16941: 16859: 16858: 16697:Robert E. Lee Day 16441:Freedmen's Bureau 16404:Brooks–Baxter War 16335: 16334: 16331: 16330: 16327: 16326: 16119: 16118: 15899: 15898: 15895: 15894: 15891: 15890: 15308:Northern Virginia 15254:Trans-Mississippi 15227: 15226: 15122: 15121: 15118: 15117: 15014:Uncle Tom's Cabin 14951:African Americans 14787: 14786: 14731:Battle of Bad Axe 14656:Minor engagements 14456: 14455: 14278: 14277: 14079: 14078: 14070:Robert McClelland 13889: 13888: 13885: 13884: 13702:Under Secretaries 13527: 13526: 13499:Under Secretaries 12995: 12994: 12481: 12480: 12155: 12154: 12128:Judah P. Benjamin 12053:Judah P. Benjamin 11997:Judah P. Benjamin 11886: 11885: 11881: 11880: 11876:Office abolished 11847:Succeeded by 11815:Succeeded by 11782:Robert W. Johnson 11779:Succeeded by 11731:1857–1861 11707:Succeeded by 11679:Succeeded by 11669:1847–1851 11638:Succeeded by 11557:Project Gutenberg 11407:Library resources 11201:978-0-404-02000-2 10727:Southern Cultures 10381:978-0-7006-0461-6 10350:978-1-4696-5639-7 10323:978-1-62349-416-2 10296:978-0-9790784-2-2 10204:. Prentice-Hall. 10180:978-0-19-537305-9 9913:978-0-8078-4905-7 9871:978-1-59420-497-5 9864:. Penguin Press. 9840:978-0-8071-2758-2 9774:978-0-8071-7080-9 9683:978-0-87805-488-6 9598:978-0-7006-1170-6 9505:978-0-19-504213-9 9474:978-0-8071-0369-2 9443:978-0-8071-1807-8 9288:978-0-8032-2812-2 9192:. Harpercollins. 9137:978-0-8071-3371-2 9106:978-0-307-77264-0 9075:978-0-394-58948-0 9044:978-0-8071-3227-2 8951:978-0-7425-4304-1 8920:978-0-674-02294-2 8889:978-1-4391-2460-4 8839:978-0-375-71396-5 8832:. Vintage Books. 8808:978-0-252-01755-1 8777:978-0-8173-1940-3 8621:, pp. 79–82. 8497:, pp. 16–18. 7901:, pp. 34–35. 7853:, pp. 95–98. 7790:, pp. 50–51. 7754:, pp. 26–27. 7682:, pp. 72–73. 7086:, pp. 46–47. 6883:, pp. 32–39. 6871:, pp. 25–26. 6743:, pp. 73–74. 6715:, pp. 55–57. 6703:, pp. 54–55. 6691:, pp. 42–45. 5772:, pp. 78–79. 5696:, pp. 64–66. 5656:, pp. 68–69. 5572:, pp. 82–85. 5560:, pp. 50–51. 5536:, pp. 35–39. 5524:, pp. 40–41. 5480:, pp. 89–92. 5468:, pp. 39–42. 5292:, pp. 42–43. 5205:, pp. 15–16. 4903:, pp. 88–89. 4879:, pp. 95–97. 4783:, pp. 40–41. 4735:, pp. 79–80. 4699:, pp. 92–93. 4663:, pp. 75–76. 4228:, pp. 13–14. 4164:, pp. 88–89. 4152:, pp. 95–96. 4140:, pp. 93–94. 4080:, pp. 83–85. 4017:, pp. 70–72. 3981:, pp. 21–22. 3969:, pp. 71–73. 3957:, pp. 49–54. 3913:, pp. 68–69. 3901:, pp. 55–56. 3889:, pp. 51–52. 3853:, pp. 54–55. 3757:, pp. 28–29. 3701:, pp. 23–24. 3689:, pp. 23–24. 3617:, pp. 12–14. 3412:LeRoy Pope Walker 3408:Judah P. Benjamin 3391:William J. Hardee 3371:George N. Hollins 3346:Collin S. Tarpley 3146:Available online: 3010:. Belford. 1890. 2992:. Belford. 1890. 2891:white supremacist 2852:Edward A. Pollard 2773:original founders 2559:Freedmen's Bureau 2424:constitutionality 2376:, forced to wear 2274:political cartoon 2272:An 1861 American 2030:and fell back to 2016:John C. Pemberton 1621:Judah P. Benjamin 1599:Davis formed his 1524:Freeport Doctrine 1243:U.S. Constitution 1239:brigadier general 1218:Mississippi rifle 1206:percussion rifles 976:Battle of Bad Axe 878:Jefferson College 805:colony of Georgia 784:have been removed 714:Sarah Knox Taylor 652: 651: 586:1st U.S. Dragoons 418:Sarah Knox Taylor 17885: 17628: 17627:from Wikiversity 17620: 17619: 17618: 17611: 17603: 17602: 17601: 17594: 17586: 17585: 17584: 17577: 17569: 17568: 17567: 17560: 17552: 17551: 17550: 17540: 17524: 17523: 17522: 17512: 17511: 17500: 17499: 17498: 17488: 17487: 17486: 17476: 17475: 17474: 17467: 17443: 17433: 17432: 17256:Native Americans 17241:German Americans 17034:Partisan rangers 17029:Official Records 16969: 16968: 16952: 16951: 16844:memorials to Lee 16791: 16790: 16352: 16351: 16341: 16340: 16128: 16127: 15925: 15924: 15918: 15917: 15905: 15904: 15878:Washington, D.C. 15672:Indian Territory 15632:Dakota Territory 15590: 15589: 15507:Chancellorsville 15298:Jackson's Valley 15288:Blockade runners 15164: 15163: 15157: 15156: 15128: 15127: 15088:Thaddeus Stevens 15078:Lysander Spooner 15038:Susan B. Anthony 14840: 14839: 14829: 14828: 14814: 14807: 14800: 14791: 14790: 14757:Keokuk's Reserve 14610:Pecatonica River 14560:Blue Mounds Fort 14473:Apple River Fort 14433:Joseph M. Street 14428:Antoine LeClaire 14418:George Davenport 14402:Samuel Whiteside 14387:John H. Rountree 14352:Ebenezer Brigham 14342:Milton Alexander 14337:John Giles Adams 14287: 14286: 14124: 14123: 14106: 14099: 14092: 14083: 14082: 14005:Attorney General 13986:Secretary of War 13960: 13959: 13947:William L. Marcy 13916: 13909: 13902: 13893: 13892: 13558: 13557: 13542: 13535: 13050: 13049: 13022: 13015: 13008: 12999: 12998: 12714: 12514:Chairmen of the 12508: 12501: 12494: 12485: 12484: 12348:T. Hill Williams 12335: 12182: 12175: 12168: 12159: 12158: 12120:Attorney-General 12039:Secretary of War 11970: 11926: 11919: 11912: 11903: 11902: 11890: 11889: 11869: 11830:Preceded by 11794:Preceded by 11761:Preceded by 11717:Preceded by 11689:Preceded by 11655:Preceded by 11632: 11611:Preceded by 11601: 11600: 11589: 11588: 11584: 11566:Internet Archive 11549: 11534:Miami University 11526: 11525: 11478: 11395: 11372: 11359: 11346: 11344: 11327: 11325: 11308: 11306: 11289: 11276: 11274: 11272: 11255: 11238: 11236: 11234: 11213: 11180: 11161: 11142: 11123: 11122:on May 26, 2013. 11101: 11094:Associated Press 11085: 11073: 11072:on July 2, 2013. 11061: 11054:Associated Press 11044: 11042: 11040: 11024: 11022: 11015: 11005: 11004:on May 10, 2022. 10998:Associated Press 10989: 10982:Associated Press 10973: 10971: 10969: 10953: 10948:. Archived from 10946:Associated Press 10936: 10935:on July 2, 2013. 10924: 10923:on July 2, 2013. 10912: 10907:. Archived from 10905:Associated Press 10895: 10874: 10845: 10823: 10789: 10779: 10758: 10721: 10700: 10679: 10658: 10629: 10600: 10583:(3): 1178–1179. 10567: 10530: 10501: 10484:(5): 1257–1399. 10472: 10439:(5): 1405–1438. 10423: 10399:Journal articles 10393: 10373: 10362: 10335: 10308: 10288: 10277: 10257: 10246: 10222: 10213: 10203: 10192: 10172: 10161: 10141: 10127: 10107: 10096: 10072: 10063: 10043: 10032: 10012: 10001: 9991: 9980: 9956: 9944: 9925: 9905: 9883: 9863: 9852: 9832: 9821: 9811: 9800: 9798: 9786: 9759: 9735: 9726: 9706: 9695: 9675: 9664: 9644: 9633: 9613: 9602: 9590: 9579: 9559: 9548: 9528: 9517: 9497: 9486: 9466: 9455: 9435: 9424: 9405:. Anchor Books. 9404: 9393: 9373: 9362: 9342: 9331: 9311: 9300: 9280: 9269: 9249: 9238: 9228: 9211: 9191: 9180: 9160: 9149: 9129: 9118: 9098: 9087: 9067: 9056: 9036: 9025: 9005: 8994: 8974: 8963: 8943: 8932: 8912: 8901: 8881: 8870: 8851: 8831: 8820: 8800: 8789: 8742: 8736: 8730: 8724: 8718: 8712: 8706: 8700: 8694: 8688: 8682: 8676: 8670: 8664: 8658: 8652: 8646: 8640: 8634: 8628: 8622: 8612: 8606: 8596: 8590: 8584: 8578: 8564: 8558: 8544: 8538: 8532: 8526: 8520: 8514: 8504: 8498: 8488: 8482: 8477:, pp. 3–5; 8472: 8466: 8452: 8446: 8440: 8434: 8428: 8422: 8416: 8410: 8404: 8398: 8392: 8386: 8380: 8374: 8368: 8362: 8356: 8350: 8332: 8326: 8312: 8306: 8292: 8286: 8280: 8274: 8268: 8262: 8244: 8238: 8232: 8226: 8220: 8214: 8208: 8202: 8192: 8186: 8172: 8166: 8160: 8154: 8148: 8142: 8132: 8126: 8116: 8110: 8096: 8090: 8084: 8078: 8064: 8058: 8052: 8046: 8040: 8034: 8028: 8022: 8012: 8006: 8000: 7994: 7988: 7982: 7972: 7966: 7960: 7954: 7948: 7942: 7932: 7926: 7920: 7914: 7908: 7902: 7896: 7890: 7884: 7878: 7872: 7866: 7860: 7854: 7848: 7842: 7836: 7830: 7829:, p. 73–77. 7824: 7818: 7812: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7785: 7779: 7773: 7767: 7761: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7733: 7727: 7721: 7715: 7705: 7699: 7689: 7683: 7677: 7671: 7665: 7659: 7653: 7647: 7641: 7635: 7629: 7623: 7617: 7611: 7601: 7595: 7589: 7583: 7577: 7571: 7565: 7559: 7553: 7547: 7541: 7535: 7529: 7523: 7517: 7511: 7505: 7496: 7490: 7484: 7478: 7472: 7466: 7460: 7454: 7448: 7442: 7436: 7430: 7424: 7414: 7408: 7402: 7396: 7390: 7384: 7378: 7367: 7361: 7355: 7349: 7343: 7337: 7331: 7325: 7319: 7313: 7307: 7301: 7295: 7289: 7283: 7277: 7271: 7265: 7259: 7253: 7247: 7241: 7235: 7221: 7215: 7205: 7199: 7193: 7187: 7173: 7167: 7153: 7147: 7141: 7135: 7129: 7123: 7117: 7111: 7105: 7099: 7093: 7087: 7081: 7075: 7069: 7063: 7057: 7051: 7045: 7039: 7033: 7027: 7021: 7015: 7009: 7003: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6969: 6963: 6957: 6948: 6938: 6932: 6931:, pp. 9–11. 6926: 6920: 6914: 6908: 6902: 6896: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6872: 6866: 6860: 6854: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6826: 6820: 6814: 6808: 6802: 6796: 6790: 6784: 6778: 6772: 6762: 6756: 6750: 6744: 6738: 6732: 6722: 6716: 6710: 6704: 6698: 6692: 6686: 6680: 6674: 6668: 6662: 6656: 6650: 6644: 6634: 6628: 6622: 6616: 6610: 6604: 6598: 6592: 6586: 6580: 6574: 6568: 6562: 6556: 6550: 6544: 6538: 6527: 6521: 6515: 6509: 6503: 6497: 6488: 6478: 6472: 6462: 6456: 6442: 6436: 6430: 6424: 6418: 6412: 6406: 6400: 6394: 6388: 6382: 6376: 6370: 6364: 6358: 6352: 6346: 6340: 6334: 6328: 6322: 6316: 6310: 6304: 6298: 6292: 6286: 6280: 6274: 6268: 6262: 6256: 6250: 6244: 6238: 6232: 6226: 6220: 6214: 6208: 6202: 6196: 6190: 6184: 6178: 6172: 6166: 6160: 6146: 6140: 6134: 6128: 6122: 6116: 6110: 6104: 6098: 6092: 6086: 6080: 6074: 6068: 6062: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6029: 6023: 6017: 6007: 6001: 5995: 5989: 5983: 5977: 5972:, pp. 412; 5967: 5961: 5955: 5949: 5943: 5937: 5931: 5925: 5919: 5913: 5907: 5901: 5891: 5885: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5851: 5845: 5839: 5833: 5823: 5817: 5811: 5805: 5799: 5793: 5779: 5773: 5763: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5727: 5721: 5715: 5709: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5685: 5679: 5673: 5663: 5657: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5633: 5623: 5617: 5607: 5601: 5591: 5585: 5579: 5573: 5567: 5561: 5555: 5549: 5543: 5537: 5531: 5525: 5515: 5509: 5503: 5497: 5487: 5481: 5475: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5429: 5423: 5417: 5403: 5397: 5391: 5385: 5379: 5373: 5359: 5353: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5293: 5287: 5281: 5267: 5261: 5255: 5249: 5239: 5233: 5227: 5218: 5212: 5206: 5200: 5191: 5185: 5179: 5173: 5167: 5161: 5155: 5149: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5090: 5084: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5034: 5028: 5022: 5016: 5010: 5004: 4998: 4992: 4986: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4880: 4866: 4860: 4854: 4848: 4842: 4836: 4830: 4824: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4694: 4688: 4682: 4676: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4646: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4622: 4616: 4610: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4512: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4488: 4482: 4476: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4394: 4388: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4364: 4358: 4352: 4346: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4319: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4271: 4265: 4259: 4253: 4247: 4241: 4235: 4229: 4223: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4193: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4107: 4101: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3932: 3926: 3920: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3748: 3742: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3591: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3475: 3461: 3445: 3443: 3436: 3430: 3400: 3394: 3363:John B. Magruder 3355: 3349: 3334: 3328: 3318: 3312: 3301: 3281: 3261: 3246: 3244: 3232: 3208: 3145: 3129: 3113: 3098: 3074: 3058: 3042: 3019: 3001: 2983: 2965: 2939: 2936: 2878:Joint Resolution 2805: 2801: 2798: 2698: 2663:Nathanael Greene 2659:Benjamin H. Hill 2634:, editor of the 2604: 2601: 2531:James Longstreet 2503: 2457:Montreal, Quebec 2406:prisoners of war 2310:Financial policy 2264:Cotton diplomacy 2231:Virginia seceded 2137:Patrick Cleburne 2130:Duncan F. Kenner 2122:general-in-chief 2080:Atlanta, Georgia 2069: 2064:Currier and Ives 1957:Episcopal Church 1665: 1660:Currier and Ives 1630:November 6, 1861 1517: 1513: 1492:Kansas Territory 1480:Julian Vannerson 1462:Return to Senate 1437:Republican Party 1401:Gadsden Purchase 1393:Secretary of War 1371:Secretary of War 1299:Oregon Territory 1284: 1188: 1086:Democratic Party 1021: 937:African American 834:Thomas Jefferson 809:Continental Army 757:Secretary of War 679:Democratic Party 637: 563:First lieutenant 496:Military service 491: 453: 451: 433: 431: 360: 357:December 6, 1889 343: 341: 325:Personal details 311: 299: 288: 278: 267: 252: 240: 221: 199: 187: 178: 163: 151: 142: 120:Office abolished 116: 104: 92: 79: 58: 55: 46: 32: 31: 17893: 17892: 17888: 17887: 17886: 17884: 17883: 17882: 17643:Jefferson Davis 17633: 17632: 17631: 17621: 17616: 17614: 17604: 17599: 17597: 17593:from Wikisource 17587: 17582: 17580: 17570: 17565: 17563: 17553: 17548: 17546: 17543: 17539:sister projects 17536:at Knowledge's 17534:Jefferson Davis 17530: 17520: 17518: 17506: 17496: 17494: 17484: 17482: 17472: 17470: 17462: 17460: 17455: 17454: 17449: 17413: 17397: 17282: 17246:Irish Americans 17224: 17169: 17078: 17069:U.S. Home Guard 17009:Field artillery 16963: 16962: 16938: 16880: 16855: 16817: 16786: 16780: 16672:Civil War Trust 16639: 16633: 16521:Ethnic violence 16506:Kirk–Holden war 16385: 16346: 16323: 16257: 16115: 16059: 15912: 15887: 15841: 15594: 15581: 15412: 15393:Sherman's March 15373:Bermuda Hundred 15268: 15223: 15195: 15151: 15150: 15114: 15073:J. Sella Martin 15043:James G. Birney 15019: 14937: 14863:Bleeding Kansas 14851: 14834: 14823: 14818: 14788: 14783: 14752:Black Hawk Tree 14735: 14671:Plum River raid 14644: 14640:Wisconsin River 14620:Sinsinawa Mound 14595:Gratiot's Grove 14585:Fort Koshkonong 14508:Kellogg's Grove 14452: 14448:Satterlee Clark 14438:Felix St. Vrain 14406: 14392:Isaiah Stillman 14382:Alexander Posey 14377:Abraham Lincoln 14323: 14309:Jefferson Davis 14274: 14247: 14219: 14201: 14183: 14165: 14115: 14110: 14080: 14075: 14056: 14051:James C. Dobbin 14037: 14018: 13999: 13994:Jefferson Davis 13980: 13961: 13957: 13952: 13933: 13930:Franklin Pierce 13920: 13890: 13881: 13703: 13696: 13563: 13553: 13550: 13543: 13537: 13536: 13523: 13500: 13493: 13355: 13348: 13055: 13045: 13042: 13035: 13026: 12996: 12991: 12889: 12883: 12721: 12715: 12706: 12524: 12518: 12512: 12482: 12477: 12336: 12327: 12191: 12186: 12156: 12151: 12140:Thomas H. Watts 12114: 12095: 12076: 12065:James A. Seddon 12047:Leroy P. Walker 12033: 12016:C. G. Memminger 12002: 11971: 11962: 11943: 11940:Jefferson Davis 11930: 11895: 11887: 11882: 11871: 11867: 11866: 11852: 11843: 11835: 11820: 11811: 11799: 11797:John A. Quitman 11784: 11775: 11766: 11751: 11748: 11736:Albert G. Brown 11732: 11730: 11722: 11712: 11703: 11694: 11684: 11670: 11668: 11660: 11643: 11641:Henry T. Ellett 11634: 11630: 11629: 11624: 11616: 11614:Tilghman Tucker 11594: 11523: 11491:Jefferson Davis 11482:Jefferson Davis 11461: 11460: 11459: 11436: 11435: 11415: 11414: 11412:Jefferson Davis 11410: 11403: 11398: 11392: 11270: 11268: 11232: 11230: 11202: 11107:Primary sources 11104: 11038: 11036: 11020: 11013: 10967: 10965: 10877: 10863:10.2307/2207552 10787: 10647:10.2307/2204623 10618:10.2307/2587364 10589:10.2307/2080868 10519:10.2307/2587730 10490:10.2307/3202380 10396: 10382: 10351: 10324: 10297: 10266: 10235: 10181: 10150: 10116: 10085: 10052: 10021: 9969: 9941: 9914: 9872: 9841: 9796: 9775: 9748: 9715: 9684: 9653: 9622: 9599: 9568: 9537: 9506: 9475: 9444: 9413: 9382: 9351: 9339:Jefferson Davis 9320: 9289: 9258: 9200: 9169: 9138: 9107: 9076: 9045: 9014: 8983: 8952: 8921: 8890: 8840: 8809: 8778: 8756: 8750: 8745: 8737: 8733: 8725: 8721: 8713: 8709: 8701: 8697: 8689: 8685: 8677: 8673: 8665: 8661: 8653: 8649: 8641: 8637: 8629: 8625: 8617:, p. 113; 8613: 8609: 8597: 8593: 8585: 8581: 8565: 8561: 8545: 8541: 8533: 8529: 8521: 8517: 8505: 8501: 8489: 8485: 8481:, pp. 3–6. 8473: 8469: 8453: 8449: 8445:, pp. 2–3. 8441: 8437: 8433:, pp. 274. 8429: 8425: 8417: 8413: 8405: 8401: 8393: 8389: 8381: 8377: 8369: 8365: 8357: 8353: 8349:, pp. 8–9. 8333: 8329: 8313: 8309: 8293: 8289: 8281: 8277: 8269: 8265: 8249:, p. 268; 8245: 8241: 8233: 8229: 8221: 8217: 8209: 8205: 8193: 8189: 8181:, p. 305; 8173: 8169: 8161: 8157: 8149: 8145: 8137:, p. 699; 8133: 8129: 8121:, p. 425; 8117: 8113: 8097: 8093: 8085: 8081: 8073:, p. 409; 8065: 8061: 8053: 8049: 8041: 8037: 8029: 8025: 8013: 8009: 8001: 7997: 7989: 7985: 7973: 7969: 7961: 7957: 7949: 7945: 7937:, p. 148; 7933: 7929: 7921: 7917: 7909: 7905: 7897: 7893: 7885: 7881: 7873: 7869: 7861: 7857: 7849: 7845: 7837: 7833: 7825: 7821: 7813: 7806: 7798: 7794: 7786: 7782: 7774: 7770: 7762: 7758: 7750: 7746: 7738:, p. 645; 7734: 7730: 7722: 7718: 7706: 7702: 7690: 7686: 7678: 7674: 7666: 7662: 7654: 7650: 7642: 7638: 7630: 7626: 7618: 7614: 7602: 7598: 7590: 7586: 7578: 7574: 7566: 7562: 7554: 7550: 7542: 7538: 7530: 7526: 7518: 7514: 7506: 7499: 7491: 7487: 7479: 7475: 7467: 7463: 7455: 7451: 7443: 7439: 7431: 7427: 7415: 7411: 7403: 7399: 7391: 7387: 7379: 7370: 7362: 7358: 7350: 7346: 7338: 7334: 7326: 7322: 7314: 7310: 7302: 7298: 7290: 7286: 7278: 7274: 7266: 7262: 7254: 7250: 7242: 7238: 7222: 7218: 7206: 7202: 7194: 7190: 7174: 7170: 7154: 7150: 7142: 7138: 7130: 7126: 7118: 7114: 7106: 7102: 7094: 7090: 7082: 7078: 7070: 7066: 7058: 7054: 7046: 7042: 7034: 7030: 7022: 7018: 7010: 7006: 6998: 6994: 6986: 6982: 6974:, p. 234; 6970: 6966: 6958: 6951: 6939: 6935: 6927: 6923: 6915: 6911: 6903: 6899: 6891: 6887: 6879: 6875: 6867: 6863: 6855: 6851: 6843: 6839: 6827: 6823: 6815: 6811: 6807:, p. 1417. 6803: 6799: 6791: 6787: 6779: 6775: 6763: 6759: 6751: 6747: 6739: 6735: 6723: 6719: 6711: 6707: 6699: 6695: 6687: 6683: 6675: 6671: 6663: 6659: 6651: 6647: 6635: 6631: 6623: 6619: 6611: 6607: 6599: 6595: 6587: 6583: 6575: 6571: 6563: 6559: 6551: 6547: 6539: 6530: 6522: 6518: 6510: 6506: 6498: 6491: 6479: 6475: 6463: 6459: 6443: 6439: 6431: 6427: 6419: 6415: 6407: 6403: 6395: 6391: 6383: 6379: 6371: 6367: 6359: 6355: 6347: 6343: 6335: 6331: 6323: 6319: 6311: 6307: 6299: 6295: 6287: 6283: 6275: 6271: 6263: 6259: 6251: 6247: 6239: 6235: 6227: 6223: 6215: 6211: 6203: 6199: 6191: 6187: 6179: 6175: 6167: 6163: 6151:, p. 439; 6147: 6143: 6135: 6131: 6123: 6119: 6111: 6107: 6099: 6095: 6087: 6083: 6075: 6071: 6063: 6059: 6051: 6047: 6039: 6032: 6024: 6020: 6008: 6004: 5996: 5992: 5984: 5980: 5968: 5964: 5956: 5952: 5944: 5940: 5932: 5928: 5920: 5916: 5908: 5904: 5896:, p. 183; 5892: 5888: 5880: 5876: 5868: 5864: 5852: 5848: 5840: 5836: 5824: 5820: 5812: 5808: 5800: 5796: 5780: 5776: 5764: 5760: 5752: 5748: 5740: 5736: 5728: 5724: 5716: 5712: 5704: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5680: 5676: 5664: 5660: 5652: 5648: 5640: 5636: 5624: 5620: 5608: 5604: 5592: 5588: 5580: 5576: 5568: 5564: 5556: 5552: 5544: 5540: 5532: 5528: 5516: 5512: 5504: 5500: 5488: 5484: 5476: 5472: 5464: 5460: 5452:, p. 348; 5448: 5444: 5436: 5432: 5424: 5420: 5412:, p. 325; 5408:, p. 341; 5404: 5400: 5392: 5388: 5380: 5376: 5360: 5356: 5348: 5344: 5336: 5332: 5324: 5320: 5312: 5308: 5300: 5296: 5288: 5284: 5276:, p. 127; 5272:, p. 301; 5268: 5264: 5256: 5252: 5244:, p. 126; 5240: 5236: 5228: 5221: 5213: 5209: 5201: 5194: 5186: 5182: 5174: 5170: 5162: 5158: 5150: 5143: 5135: 5131: 5123:, p. 286; 5115: 5111: 5103: 5099: 5091: 5087: 5075: 5071: 5063: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5035: 5031: 5023: 5019: 5011: 5007: 4999: 4995: 4987: 4983: 4975: 4971: 4959: 4955: 4947: 4943: 4935: 4931: 4923: 4919: 4911: 4907: 4899: 4895: 4887: 4883: 4867: 4863: 4855: 4851: 4843: 4839: 4831: 4827: 4819:, p. 265; 4815: 4811: 4803: 4799: 4791: 4787: 4779: 4775: 4767: 4763: 4759:, pp. 5–6. 4755: 4751: 4743: 4739: 4731: 4727: 4719: 4715: 4707: 4703: 4695: 4691: 4683: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4659: 4655: 4647: 4643: 4635: 4631: 4623: 4619: 4611: 4607: 4603:, pp. 186. 4599: 4595: 4587: 4583: 4575: 4571: 4565:Eisenhower 1990 4563: 4559: 4547:, p. 178; 4543: 4539: 4531: 4527: 4519: 4515: 4507: 4503: 4495: 4491: 4483: 4479: 4471: 4467: 4459: 4455: 4447: 4443: 4435: 4431: 4423: 4419: 4411: 4407: 4395: 4391: 4383: 4379: 4371: 4367: 4359: 4355: 4347: 4340: 4332: 4328: 4320: 4316: 4308: 4304: 4296: 4292: 4284: 4280: 4272: 4268: 4260: 4256: 4248: 4244: 4236: 4232: 4224: 4220: 4212: 4208: 4200: 4196: 4184: 4180: 4176:, pp. 6–7. 4172: 4168: 4160: 4156: 4148: 4144: 4136: 4132: 4124: 4120: 4108: 4104: 4088: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4064: 4060: 4052: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4001: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3977: 3973: 3965: 3961: 3953: 3949: 3933: 3929: 3921: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3897: 3893: 3885: 3881: 3875:Black Hawk 1882 3873: 3869: 3861: 3857: 3849: 3845: 3837: 3833: 3825: 3821: 3813: 3809: 3801: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3765: 3761: 3749: 3745: 3733: 3729: 3721: 3717: 3709: 3705: 3697: 3693: 3685: 3681: 3673: 3669: 3661: 3657: 3649: 3645: 3637: 3633: 3625: 3621: 3613: 3609: 3601: 3594: 3578: 3574: 3566: 3562: 3554: 3550: 3542: 3538: 3534:, pp. 2–3. 3526: 3522: 3518:, pp. 4–5. 3514: 3510: 3494: 3490: 3482: 3478: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3448: 3437: 3433: 3404:Stephen Mallory 3401: 3397: 3356: 3352: 3335: 3331: 3319: 3315: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3270: 3253: 3236: 3223: 3202: 3139: 3136: 3116: 3105: 3079:"Robert E. Lee" 3077: 3061: 3045: 3029: 3026: 3004: 2986: 2968: 2950: 2947: 2937: 2927: 2831: 2825: 2803: 2799: 2785: 2744: 2711: 2705: 2696: 2676: 2602: 2584: 2569:and William, a 2482: 2477: 2436:Harper's Weekly 2419:Charles O'Conor 2383:Henry S. Burton 2370:Nelson A. Miles 2343: 2318: 2312: 2266: 2256: 2215: 2213:National policy 2210: 2146: 2052: 1973: 1795: 1728: 1692:Robert Anderson 1682:to command all 1644: 1638: 1625:Stephen Mallory 1553: 1548: 1532:Abraham Lincoln 1515: 1511: 1507:Portland, Maine 1496:Stephen Douglas 1464: 1456:Dred Scott case 1373: 1361:William R. King 1357:Franklin Pierce 1353:James Whitfield 1264: 1259: 1247:Albert G. Brown 1208:instead of the 1168: 1143:at age 10; and 1121:John C. Calhoun 1071: 1012: 1004:court-martialed 910: 842: 840:Early education 797: 792: 753:Franklin Pierce 644: 577: 551: 534: 505: 458: 455: 452: 1845) 447: 443: 435: 427: 423: 420: 403:Southern Rights 398: 397:Other political 387:Political party 378: 362: 358: 345: 339: 337: 336: 335: 315:Henry T. Ellett 309: 303:Tilghman Tucker 297: 291: 289: 284: 268: 263: 250: 238: 232:Franklin Pierce 222: 217: 197: 185: 179: 174: 161: 149: 143: 138: 129: 114: 102: 88: 82: 80: 75: 59: 56: 37: 36:Jefferson Davis 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 17891: 17881: 17880: 17875: 17870: 17865: 17860: 17855: 17850: 17845: 17840: 17835: 17833:Stone Mountain 17830: 17825: 17820: 17815: 17810: 17805: 17800: 17795: 17790: 17785: 17780: 17775: 17770: 17765: 17760: 17755: 17750: 17745: 17740: 17735: 17730: 17725: 17720: 17715: 17710: 17705: 17700: 17695: 17690: 17685: 17680: 17675: 17670: 17665: 17660: 17655: 17650: 17645: 17630: 17629: 17612: 17610:from Wikibooks 17595: 17578: 17576:from Wikiquote 17561: 17532: 17529: 17528: 17516: 17504: 17492: 17480: 17457: 17456: 17451: 17450: 17448: 17447: 17437: 17426: 17423: 17422: 17419: 17418: 17415: 17414: 17412: 17411: 17405: 17403: 17399: 17398: 17396: 17395: 17393:Women soldiers 17390: 17385: 17380: 17375: 17370: 17365: 17360: 17355: 17350: 17348:Naming the war 17345: 17340: 17335: 17330: 17329: 17328: 17318: 17317: 17316: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17290: 17288: 17284: 17283: 17281: 17280: 17279: 17278: 17273: 17268: 17263: 17253: 17248: 17243: 17238: 17232: 17230: 17226: 17225: 17223: 17222: 17217: 17212: 17207: 17202: 17195: 17190: 17185: 17179: 17177: 17171: 17170: 17168: 17167: 17162: 17157: 17152: 17147: 17142: 17137: 17132: 17127: 17122: 17117: 17112: 17107: 17102: 17097: 17092: 17086: 17084: 17080: 17079: 17077: 17076: 17071: 17066: 17061: 17056: 17051: 17046: 17041: 17036: 17031: 17026: 17021: 17016: 17011: 17006: 17001: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16984:Campaign Medal 16981: 16975: 16973: 16965: 16964: 16961: 16960: 16959:Related topics 16956: 16948: 16947: 16944: 16943: 16940: 16939: 16937: 16936: 16931: 16926: 16921: 16916: 16911: 16904: 16899: 16894: 16888: 16886: 16882: 16881: 16879: 16878: 16873: 16867: 16865: 16861: 16860: 16857: 16856: 16854: 16853: 16848: 16847: 16846: 16841: 16836: 16825: 16823: 16819: 16818: 16816: 16815: 16814: 16813: 16808: 16797: 16795: 16788: 16782: 16781: 16779: 16778: 16773: 16768: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16743: 16738: 16733: 16728: 16723: 16722: 16721: 16716: 16706: 16701: 16700: 16699: 16694: 16689: 16687:Decoration Day 16684: 16679: 16674: 16669: 16664: 16659: 16654: 16643: 16641: 16640:Reconstruction 16635: 16634: 16632: 16631: 16626: 16621: 16620: 16619: 16609: 16604: 16599: 16598: 16597: 16587: 16582: 16577: 16576: 16575: 16570: 16565: 16560: 16550: 16549: 16548: 16543: 16538: 16533: 16528: 16518: 16513: 16508: 16503: 16502: 16501: 16496: 16494:second inquiry 16491: 16486: 16481: 16476: 16466: 16465: 16464: 16458: 16451:Homestead Acts 16448: 16443: 16438: 16433: 16432: 16431: 16421: 16416: 16411: 16406: 16401: 16399:Alabama Claims 16395: 16393: 16391:Reconstruction 16387: 16386: 16384: 16383: 16382: 16381: 16379:15th Amendment 16376: 16374:14th Amendment 16371: 16369:13th Amendment 16360: 16358: 16348: 16347: 16337: 16336: 16333: 16332: 16329: 16328: 16325: 16324: 16322: 16321: 16316: 16311: 16306: 16301: 16296: 16291: 16286: 16281: 16276: 16271: 16265: 16263: 16259: 16258: 16256: 16255: 16250: 16245: 16240: 16235: 16230: 16225: 16220: 16215: 16210: 16205: 16200: 16195: 16190: 16185: 16180: 16175: 16170: 16165: 16160: 16155: 16150: 16145: 16140: 16134: 16132: 16125: 16121: 16120: 16117: 16116: 16114: 16113: 16108: 16103: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16067: 16065: 16061: 16060: 16058: 16057: 16052: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16012: 16007: 16002: 16000:J. E. Johnston 15997: 15995:A. S. Johnston 15992: 15987: 15982: 15977: 15972: 15967: 15962: 15957: 15952: 15947: 15942: 15937: 15935:R. H. Anderson 15931: 15929: 15922: 15914: 15913: 15901: 15900: 15897: 15896: 15893: 15892: 15889: 15888: 15886: 15885: 15880: 15875: 15870: 15865: 15860: 15855: 15849: 15847: 15843: 15842: 15840: 15839: 15834: 15829: 15824: 15819: 15814: 15809: 15804: 15799: 15797:South Carolina 15794: 15789: 15784: 15779: 15774: 15772:North Carolina 15769: 15764: 15759: 15754: 15749: 15744: 15739: 15734: 15729: 15724: 15719: 15714: 15709: 15704: 15699: 15694: 15689: 15684: 15679: 15674: 15669: 15664: 15659: 15654: 15649: 15644: 15639: 15634: 15629: 15624: 15619: 15614: 15609: 15604: 15598: 15596: 15587: 15583: 15582: 15580: 15579: 15574: 15569: 15564: 15559: 15554: 15549: 15544: 15539: 15534: 15529: 15524: 15519: 15514: 15509: 15504: 15499: 15497:Fredericksburg 15494: 15489: 15484: 15479: 15474: 15469: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15449: 15444: 15439: 15437:Wilson's Creek 15434: 15429: 15423: 15421: 15414: 15413: 15411: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15375: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15330: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15285: 15279: 15277: 15270: 15269: 15267: 15266: 15261: 15256: 15251: 15249:Lower Seaboard 15246: 15241: 15235: 15233: 15229: 15228: 15225: 15224: 15222: 15221: 15216: 15211: 15205: 15203: 15197: 15196: 15194: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15172: 15170: 15161: 15153: 15152: 15149: 15148: 15145: 15142: 15139: 15136: 15132: 15124: 15123: 15120: 15119: 15116: 15115: 15113: 15112: 15107: 15105:Harriet Tubman 15102: 15101: 15100: 15093:Charles Sumner 15090: 15085: 15080: 15075: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15045: 15040: 15035: 15029: 15027: 15021: 15020: 15018: 15017: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14947: 14945: 14939: 14938: 14936: 14935: 14930: 14928:States' rights 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14854: 14852: 14850: 14849: 14843: 14836: 14835: 14825: 14824: 14817: 14816: 14809: 14802: 14794: 14785: 14784: 14782: 14781: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14743: 14741: 14740:Related topics 14737: 14736: 14734: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14718: 14713: 14708: 14703: 14698: 14693: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14652: 14650: 14646: 14645: 14643: 14642: 14637: 14632: 14627: 14625:Soldiers Grove 14622: 14617: 14612: 14607: 14602: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14582: 14577: 14572: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14552: 14541: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14523:Stillman Creek 14520: 14515: 14510: 14505: 14500: 14495: 14490: 14488:Fort Armstrong 14485: 14480: 14475: 14470: 14464: 14462: 14458: 14457: 14454: 14453: 14451: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14425: 14420: 14414: 14412: 14408: 14407: 14405: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14389: 14384: 14379: 14374: 14372:James D. Henry 14369: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14349: 14344: 14339: 14333: 14331: 14325: 14324: 14322: 14321: 14319:Zachary Taylor 14316: 14314:Winfield Scott 14311: 14306: 14301: 14299:Henry Atkinson 14295: 14293: 14284: 14280: 14279: 14276: 14275: 14273: 14272: 14267: 14261: 14259: 14249: 14248: 14246: 14245: 14240: 14235: 14233:Billy Caldwell 14229: 14227: 14221: 14220: 14218: 14217: 14211: 14209: 14203: 14202: 14200: 14199: 14197:Waukon Decorah 14193: 14191: 14185: 14184: 14182: 14181: 14175: 14173: 14167: 14166: 14164: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14132: 14130: 14121: 14117: 14116: 14109: 14108: 14101: 14094: 14086: 14077: 14076: 14074: 14073: 14066: 14064: 14058: 14057: 14055: 14054: 14047: 14045: 14039: 14038: 14036: 14035: 14032:James Campbell 14028: 14026: 14020: 14019: 14017: 14016: 14009: 14007: 14001: 14000: 13998: 13997: 13990: 13988: 13982: 13981: 13979: 13978: 13971: 13969: 13963: 13962: 13955: 13953: 13951: 13950: 13943: 13941: 13935: 13934: 13919: 13918: 13911: 13904: 13896: 13887: 13886: 13883: 13882: 13880: 13879: 13874: 13869: 13864: 13859: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13708: 13706: 13698: 13697: 13695: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13568: 13566: 13555: 13554:(1947–present) 13545: 13544: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13524: 13522: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13505: 13503: 13495: 13494: 13492: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13471: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13360: 13358: 13350: 13349: 13347: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13221: 13216: 13211: 13206: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13166: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13141: 13136: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13091: 13086: 13081: 13076: 13071: 13066: 13060: 13058: 13047: 13037: 13036: 13025: 13024: 13017: 13010: 13002: 12993: 12992: 12990: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12893: 12891: 12890:(1947–present) 12885: 12884: 12882: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12866: 12861: 12856: 12851: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12731: 12725: 12723: 12717: 12716: 12709: 12707: 12705: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12649: 12644: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12528: 12526: 12520: 12519: 12511: 12510: 12503: 12496: 12488: 12479: 12478: 12476: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12350: 12344: 12342: 12338: 12337: 12330: 12328: 12326: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12305: 12300: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12260: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12199: 12197: 12193: 12192: 12185: 12184: 12177: 12170: 12162: 12153: 12152: 12150: 12149: 12143: 12137: 12131: 12124: 12122: 12116: 12115: 12113: 12112: 12109:John H. Reagan 12105: 12103: 12097: 12096: 12094: 12093: 12086: 12084: 12078: 12077: 12075: 12074: 12068: 12062: 12056: 12050: 12043: 12041: 12035: 12034: 12032: 12031: 12028:John H. Reagan 12025: 12022:G. A. Trenholm 12019: 12012: 12010: 12004: 12003: 12001: 12000: 11994: 11988: 11981: 11979: 11973: 11972: 11965: 11963: 11961: 11960: 11953: 11951: 11949:Vice-President 11945: 11944: 11929: 11928: 11921: 11914: 11906: 11900: 11897: 11896: 11884: 11883: 11879: 11878: 11873: 11860: 11854: 11853: 11848: 11845: 11836: 11833:Charles Conrad 11831: 11827: 11826: 11822: 11821: 11816: 11813: 11800: 11795: 11791: 11790: 11786: 11785: 11780: 11777: 11767: 11764:John B. Weller 11762: 11758: 11757: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11723: 11718: 11714: 11713: 11708: 11705: 11695: 11690: 11686: 11685: 11680: 11677: 11674:Henry S. Foote 11661: 11656: 11652: 11651: 11645: 11644: 11639: 11636: 11620:Member of the 11617: 11612: 11608: 11607: 11599: 11596: 11595: 11586: 11585: 11570: 11568: 11559: 11550: 11536: 11527: 11512: 11507: 11498: 11488: 11479: 11458: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11441: 11437: 11434: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11417: 11416: 11405: 11404: 11402: 11401:External links 11399: 11397: 11396: 11390: 11373: 11360: 11347: 11328: 11309: 11290: 11277: 11256: 11239: 11214: 11200: 11181: 11162: 11143: 11124: 11110: 11109: 11108: 11103: 11102: 11086: 11074: 11062: 11026: 11025: 11006: 10990: 10974: 10954: 10937: 10925: 10913: 10896: 10883: 10882: 10881: 10876: 10875: 10846: 10836:(4): 400–456. 10824: 10798:(4): 536–565. 10780: 10770:(4): 396–410. 10759: 10733:(2): 177–194. 10722: 10712:(4): 350–361. 10701: 10691:(2): 174–182. 10680: 10659: 10641:(4): 441–447. 10630: 10612:(2): 249–286. 10601: 10568: 10542:(2): 281–301. 10531: 10502: 10473: 10461:10.1086/530931 10445:10.1086/530931 10424: 10402: 10401: 10400: 10395: 10394: 10380: 10363: 10349: 10336: 10322: 10309: 10295: 10278: 10264: 10247: 10233: 10214: 10193: 10179: 10162: 10148: 10128: 10114: 10097: 10083: 10064: 10050: 10033: 10019: 10002: 9981: 9967: 9948: 9939: 9926: 9912: 9892:Holzer, Harold 9888:Neely, Mark E. 9884: 9870: 9853: 9839: 9822: 9812:. Lippincott. 9801: 9787: 9773: 9760: 9746: 9727: 9713: 9696: 9682: 9665: 9651: 9634: 9620: 9603: 9597: 9580: 9566: 9549: 9535: 9518: 9504: 9487: 9473: 9456: 9442: 9425: 9411: 9394: 9380: 9363: 9349: 9343:. Free Press. 9332: 9318: 9301: 9287: 9270: 9256: 9239: 9218: 9198: 9181: 9167: 9150: 9136: 9119: 9105: 9088: 9074: 9057: 9043: 9026: 9012: 8995: 8981: 8964: 8950: 8933: 8919: 8902: 8888: 8871: 8852: 8838: 8821: 8807: 8790: 8776: 8762: 8761: 8760: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8743: 8731: 8719: 8717:, p. 457. 8707: 8703:Blackburn 2020 8695: 8683: 8671: 8659: 8647: 8635: 8623: 8607: 8591: 8579: 8559: 8547:Goldfield 2002 8539: 8527: 8515: 8511:McPherson 2014 8509:, p. 89; 8499: 8483: 8467: 8447: 8435: 8423: 8421:, p. xiv. 8411: 8407:Gallagher 1997 8399: 8387: 8383:McPherson 2014 8375: 8371:Gallagher 1997 8363: 8351: 8327: 8321:, p. 10; 8319:McPherson 2014 8307: 8305:, p. 195. 8287: 8275: 8263: 8255:McPherson 2014 8251:Gallagher 1997 8239: 8227: 8225:, p. 315. 8223:Woodworth 1990 8215: 8203: 8199:Woodworth 1990 8187: 8183:Woodworth 1990 8175:McPherson 2014 8167: 8163:McPherson 2014 8155: 8153:, p. 406. 8143: 8127: 8123:McPherson 2014 8111: 8105:, p. 41; 8103:McPherson 2014 8101:, p. 86; 8091: 8089:, p. 305. 8087:Woodworth 1990 8079: 8075:Woodworth 1990 8069:, p. 86; 8059: 8057:, p. 495. 8047: 8035: 8023: 8007: 7995: 7991:Bordewich 2012 7983: 7967: 7963:Bordewich 2012 7955: 7953:, p. 281. 7943: 7941:, p. 194. 7935:Bordewich 2012 7927: 7915: 7903: 7891: 7879: 7867: 7865:, p. 122. 7855: 7843: 7831: 7819: 7817:, p. 705. 7804: 7792: 7780: 7768: 7756: 7744: 7742:, p. 683. 7728: 7726:, p. 682. 7716: 7714:, p. 644. 7710:, p. 49; 7700: 7684: 7672: 7660: 7648: 7636: 7624: 7622:, p. 669. 7612: 7596: 7584: 7582:, p. 166. 7572: 7570:, p. 109. 7560: 7548: 7536: 7534:, p. 271. 7524: 7512: 7510:, p. 666. 7497: 7485: 7473: 7461: 7449: 7447:, p. 178. 7437: 7425: 7423:, p. 188. 7409: 7407:, p. 667. 7397: 7395:, p. 216. 7385: 7368: 7366:, p. 665. 7356: 7344: 7332: 7330:, p. 663. 7320: 7318:, p. 263. 7308: 7306:, p. 586. 7296: 7284: 7282:, p. 582. 7272: 7260: 7248: 7236: 7224:Nicoletti 2017 7216: 7208:Nicoletti 2017 7200: 7188: 7184:McPherson 1868 7168: 7156:Nicoletti 2017 7148: 7136: 7124: 7122:, p. 537. 7112: 7100: 7088: 7076: 7074:, p. 200. 7064: 7062:, p. 409. 7052: 7040: 7028: 7016: 7004: 7002:, p. 208. 6992: 6990:, p. 199. 6980: 6978:, p. 200. 6964: 6949: 6933: 6921: 6909: 6897: 6895:, p. 247. 6885: 6873: 6861: 6849: 6847:, p. 243. 6837: 6821: 6819:, p. 169. 6809: 6797: 6795:, p. 536. 6785: 6781:McPherson 2014 6773: 6757: 6745: 6741:McPherson 2014 6733: 6731:, p. 106. 6727:, p. 38; 6717: 6705: 6693: 6681: 6679:, p. 358. 6669: 6667:, p. 703. 6657: 6655:, p. 336. 6645: 6641:McPherson 2014 6639:, p. 82; 6629: 6617: 6615:, p. 261. 6605: 6603:, p. 534. 6593: 6581: 6579:, p. 260. 6569: 6565:McPherson 2014 6557: 6545: 6543:, p. 241. 6541:McPherson 2014 6528: 6516: 6514:, p. 386. 6504: 6489: 6485:McPherson 2014 6473: 6457: 6437: 6433:McPherson 2014 6425: 6421:McPherson 2014 6413: 6411:, p. 397. 6401: 6397:McPherson 2014 6389: 6385:McPherson 2014 6377: 6373:McPherson 2014 6365: 6353: 6349:Woodworth 1990 6341: 6337:McPherson 2014 6329: 6327:, p. 333. 6317: 6305: 6303:, p. 197. 6293: 6281: 6279:, p. 461. 6269: 6265:McPherson 2014 6257: 6255:, p. 448. 6245: 6243:, p. 180. 6241:McPherson 2014 6233: 6221: 6219:, p. 329. 6209: 6197: 6193:Woodworth 1990 6185: 6183:, p. 453. 6173: 6171:, p. 134. 6169:McPherson 2014 6161: 6157:Woodworth 1990 6153:McPherson 2014 6141: 6137:McPherson 2014 6129: 6117: 6105: 6103:, p. 143. 6101:McPherson 2014 6093: 6081: 6079:, p. 258. 6069: 6057: 6055:, p. 121. 6053:McPherson 2014 6045: 6030: 6018: 6002: 5998:McPherson 2014 5990: 5978: 5976:, p. 117. 5974:McPherson 2014 5962: 5960:, p. 422. 5950: 5938: 5934:Woodworth 1990 5926: 5924:, p. 102. 5922:McPherson 2014 5914: 5902: 5898:Woodworth 1990 5886: 5884:, p. 183. 5874: 5862: 5846: 5834: 5826:McPherson 2014 5818: 5806: 5804:, p. 154. 5794: 5786:McPherson 2014 5774: 5766:McPherson 2014 5758: 5756:, p. 375. 5746: 5744:, p. 392. 5734: 5722: 5720:, p. 123. 5710: 5698: 5694:McPherson 2014 5686: 5674: 5670:Woodworth 1990 5658: 5654:McPherson 2014 5646: 5634: 5626:McPherson 2014 5618: 5614:Woodworth 1990 5612:, p. 58; 5610:McPherson 2014 5602: 5598:Woodworth 1990 5596:, p. 61; 5594:McPherson 2014 5586: 5584:, p. 116. 5574: 5570:Woodworth 1990 5562: 5558:Woodworth 1990 5550: 5538: 5534:Woodworth 1990 5526: 5522:Woodworth 1990 5510: 5506:McPherson 2014 5498: 5490:McPherson 2014 5482: 5470: 5458: 5454:McPherson 2014 5442: 5440:, p. 398. 5430: 5418: 5414:McPherson 2014 5398: 5386: 5384:, p. 324. 5374: 5370:McPherson 2014 5354: 5352:, p. 337. 5342: 5330: 5328:, p. 128. 5318: 5306: 5304:, p. 307. 5294: 5282: 5278:McPherson 2014 5262: 5260:, p. 303. 5250: 5246:McPherson 2014 5234: 5219: 5207: 5203:McPherson 2014 5192: 5180: 5178:, p. 322. 5168: 5156: 5141: 5129: 5109: 5107:, p. 285. 5097: 5095:, p. 313. 5085: 5069: 5067:, p. 278. 5057: 5055:, p. 306. 5045: 5029: 5027:, p. 267. 5017: 5005: 4993: 4991:, p. 289. 4981: 4969: 4953: 4941: 4939:, p. 284. 4929: 4917: 4905: 4893: 4881: 4861: 4849: 4837: 4835:, p. 251. 4825: 4823:, p. 101. 4809: 4807:, p. 181. 4797: 4785: 4773: 4761: 4749: 4737: 4725: 4713: 4701: 4689: 4677: 4675:, p. 189. 4665: 4653: 4641: 4629: 4627:, p. 197. 4617: 4605: 4593: 4581: 4569: 4557: 4551:, p. 68; 4537: 4525: 4523:, p. 183. 4513: 4501: 4499:, p. 160. 4489: 4487:, p. 164. 4477: 4465: 4453: 4441: 4429: 4417: 4415:, p. 170. 4405: 4389: 4377: 4375:, p. 130. 4365: 4353: 4351:, p. 124. 4338: 4326: 4314: 4302: 4300:, p. 106. 4290: 4278: 4266: 4254: 4242: 4230: 4218: 4206: 4194: 4188:, p. 99; 4178: 4166: 4154: 4142: 4130: 4118: 4114:Woodworth 1990 4112:, p. 86; 4102: 4082: 4070: 4058: 4056:, p. 229. 4043: 4031: 4019: 4007: 3995: 3983: 3971: 3959: 3947: 3941:, p. 71; 3937:, p. 68; 3927: 3915: 3903: 3891: 3879: 3877:, p. 112. 3867: 3855: 3843: 3839:Woodworth 1990 3831: 3819: 3817:, p. 175. 3807: 3795: 3783: 3771: 3767:Woodworth 1990 3759: 3753:, p. 33; 3743: 3737:, p. 39; 3727: 3715: 3703: 3691: 3679: 3667: 3655: 3643: 3631: 3619: 3607: 3592: 3572: 3560: 3548: 3536: 3530:, p. 11; 3520: 3508: 3488: 3476: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3431: 3416:John H. Reagan 3395: 3383:Sterling Price 3350: 3329: 3313: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3282: 3268: 3250: 3249: 3248: 3247: 3233: 3211: 3210: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3196: 3148: 3147: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3130: 3114: 3099: 3075: 3059: 3043: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3020: 3002: 2984: 2966: 2946: 2943: 2926: 2923: 2880:16. President 2824: 2821: 2784: 2781: 2743: 2740: 2704: 2701: 2675: 2672: 2668:Macon, Georgia 2651:Henry W. Grady 2583: 2580: 2565:and his sons, 2563:Ben Montgomery 2515:Reconstruction 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2469:William Evarts 2445:Horace Greeley 2426:of secession. 2398:military court 2394:Andrew Johnson 2342: 2339: 2311: 2308: 2255: 2254:Foreign policy 2252: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2182:North Carolina 2145: 2142: 2135:Major General 2107:strong defense 2096:South Carolina 2051: 2048: 1972: 1969: 1864:Photograph of 1849:, and then to 1794: 1791: 1727: 1724: 1708:North Carolina 1637: 1634: 1573:John J. Pettus 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1470:Photograph of 1463: 1460: 1448:James Buchanan 1372: 1369: 1318:Whig candidate 1311:Wilmot Proviso 1307:Nicholas Trist 1275:Representative 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1174:Watercolor of 1167: 1164: 1160:states' rights 1070: 1067: 1011: 1008: 990:under Colonel 972:Black Hawk War 953:Zachary Taylor 909: 906: 841: 838: 825:South Carolina 796: 793: 791: 788: 755:appointed him 718:Zachary Taylor 650: 649: 646: 645: 643: 642: 641: 640: 628: 618: 617: 616: 614:Black Hawk War 605: 603: 599: 598: 593: 589: 588: 583: 579: 578: 576: 575: 570: 565: 559: 557: 553: 552: 550: 549: 546: 542: 540: 536: 535: 533: 532: 527: 522: 516: 514: 513:Branch/service 510: 509: 502: 498: 497: 493: 492: 485: 481: 480: 475: 471: 470: 464: 460: 459: 457: 456: 445: 439: 438: 436: 425: 421: 416: 415: 412: 410: 406: 405: 400: 394: 393: 388: 384: 383: 372: 368: 367: 361:(aged 81) 355: 351: 350: 333: 331: 327: 326: 322: 321: 318: 317: 312: 306: 305: 300: 294: 293: 281: 280: 262:Member of the 259: 258: 253: 247: 246: 244:Charles Conrad 241: 235: 234: 229: 225: 224: 214: 213: 206: 205: 200: 194: 193: 188: 182: 181: 171: 170: 164: 158: 157: 152: 146: 145: 135: 134: 123: 122: 117: 111: 110: 105: 99: 98: 93: 90:Vice President 85: 84: 72: 71: 65: 64: 61: 60: 48:Photograph by 47: 39: 38: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17890: 17879: 17876: 17874: 17871: 17869: 17866: 17864: 17861: 17859: 17856: 17854: 17851: 17849: 17846: 17844: 17841: 17839: 17836: 17834: 17831: 17829: 17826: 17824: 17821: 17819: 17816: 17814: 17811: 17809: 17806: 17804: 17801: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17776: 17774: 17771: 17769: 17766: 17764: 17761: 17759: 17756: 17754: 17751: 17749: 17746: 17744: 17741: 17739: 17736: 17734: 17731: 17729: 17726: 17724: 17721: 17719: 17716: 17714: 17711: 17709: 17706: 17704: 17701: 17699: 17696: 17694: 17691: 17689: 17686: 17684: 17681: 17679: 17676: 17674: 17671: 17669: 17666: 17664: 17661: 17659: 17656: 17654: 17651: 17649: 17646: 17644: 17641: 17640: 17638: 17626: 17625: 17613: 17609: 17608: 17596: 17592: 17591: 17579: 17575: 17574: 17562: 17558: 17557: 17545: 17544: 17541: 17535: 17527: 17517: 17515: 17510: 17505: 17503: 17493: 17491: 17481: 17479: 17469: 17468: 17465: 17446: 17442: 17438: 17436: 17428: 17427: 17424: 17410: 17407: 17406: 17404: 17400: 17394: 17391: 17389: 17386: 17384: 17381: 17379: 17376: 17374: 17371: 17369: 17366: 17364: 17363:Photographers 17361: 17359: 17356: 17354: 17351: 17349: 17346: 17344: 17341: 17339: 17338:Gender issues 17336: 17334: 17331: 17327: 17324: 17323: 17322: 17319: 17315: 17312: 17311: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17291: 17289: 17285: 17277: 17274: 17272: 17269: 17267: 17264: 17262: 17259: 17258: 17257: 17254: 17252: 17249: 17247: 17244: 17242: 17239: 17237: 17234: 17233: 17231: 17227: 17221: 17218: 17216: 17213: 17211: 17208: 17206: 17203: 17201: 17200: 17196: 17194: 17191: 17189: 17186: 17184: 17181: 17180: 17178: 17176: 17172: 17166: 17165:War Democrats 17163: 17161: 17158: 17156: 17155:Union Leagues 17153: 17151: 17148: 17146: 17143: 17141: 17138: 17136: 17133: 17131: 17128: 17126: 17123: 17121: 17118: 17116: 17113: 17111: 17108: 17106: 17103: 17101: 17098: 17096: 17093: 17091: 17088: 17087: 17085: 17081: 17075: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17060: 17057: 17055: 17054:Turning point 17052: 17050: 17047: 17045: 17042: 17040: 17037: 17035: 17032: 17030: 17027: 17025: 17024:Naval battles 17022: 17020: 17017: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16977: 16976: 16974: 16970: 16966: 16958: 16957: 16953: 16949: 16935: 16932: 16930: 16927: 16925: 16922: 16920: 16917: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16909: 16905: 16903: 16900: 16898: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16889: 16887: 16883: 16877: 16874: 16872: 16869: 16868: 16866: 16862: 16852: 16849: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16831: 16830: 16827: 16826: 16824: 16820: 16812: 16809: 16807: 16804: 16803: 16802: 16799: 16798: 16796: 16792: 16789: 16787:and memorials 16783: 16777: 16774: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16747: 16744: 16742: 16739: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16720: 16717: 16715: 16712: 16711: 16710: 16707: 16705: 16702: 16698: 16695: 16693: 16690: 16688: 16685: 16683: 16680: 16678: 16675: 16673: 16670: 16668: 16665: 16663: 16660: 16658: 16655: 16653: 16650: 16649: 16648: 16647:Commemoration 16645: 16644: 16642: 16636: 16630: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16618: 16615: 16614: 16613: 16610: 16608: 16605: 16603: 16600: 16596: 16593: 16592: 16591: 16588: 16586: 16583: 16581: 16578: 16574: 16571: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16556: 16555: 16554: 16551: 16547: 16544: 16542: 16539: 16537: 16534: 16532: 16529: 16527: 16524: 16523: 16522: 16519: 16517: 16514: 16512: 16509: 16507: 16504: 16500: 16497: 16495: 16492: 16490: 16489:first inquiry 16487: 16485: 16482: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16471: 16470: 16467: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16453: 16452: 16449: 16447: 16444: 16442: 16439: 16437: 16434: 16430: 16427: 16426: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16410: 16409:Carpetbaggers 16407: 16405: 16402: 16400: 16397: 16396: 16394: 16392: 16388: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16366: 16365: 16362: 16361: 16359: 16357: 16353: 16349: 16342: 16338: 16320: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16310: 16307: 16305: 16302: 16300: 16297: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16285: 16282: 16280: 16277: 16275: 16272: 16270: 16267: 16266: 16264: 16260: 16254: 16251: 16249: 16246: 16244: 16241: 16239: 16236: 16234: 16231: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16196: 16194: 16191: 16189: 16186: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16174: 16171: 16169: 16166: 16164: 16161: 16159: 16156: 16154: 16151: 16149: 16146: 16144: 16141: 16139: 16136: 16135: 16133: 16129: 16126: 16122: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16068: 16066: 16062: 16056: 16053: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16016: 16013: 16011: 16008: 16006: 16003: 16001: 15998: 15996: 15993: 15991: 15988: 15986: 15983: 15981: 15978: 15976: 15973: 15971: 15968: 15966: 15963: 15961: 15958: 15956: 15953: 15951: 15948: 15946: 15943: 15941: 15938: 15936: 15933: 15932: 15930: 15926: 15923: 15919: 15915: 15911: 15906: 15902: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15861: 15859: 15856: 15854: 15851: 15850: 15848: 15844: 15838: 15835: 15833: 15832:West Virginia 15830: 15828: 15825: 15823: 15820: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15810: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15795: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15785: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15752:New Hampshire 15750: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15712:Massachusetts 15710: 15708: 15705: 15703: 15700: 15698: 15695: 15693: 15690: 15688: 15685: 15683: 15680: 15678: 15675: 15673: 15670: 15668: 15665: 15663: 15660: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15643: 15640: 15638: 15635: 15633: 15630: 15628: 15625: 15623: 15620: 15618: 15615: 15613: 15610: 15608: 15605: 15603: 15600: 15599: 15597: 15591: 15588: 15584: 15578: 15575: 15573: 15570: 15568: 15565: 15563: 15560: 15558: 15555: 15553: 15550: 15548: 15545: 15543: 15540: 15538: 15535: 15533: 15530: 15528: 15525: 15523: 15520: 15518: 15515: 15513: 15510: 15508: 15505: 15503: 15500: 15498: 15495: 15493: 15490: 15488: 15485: 15483: 15480: 15478: 15475: 15473: 15470: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15453: 15452:Hampton Roads 15450: 15448: 15445: 15443: 15442:Fort Donelson 15440: 15438: 15435: 15433: 15430: 15428: 15425: 15424: 15422: 15420: 15415: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15338:Morgan's Raid 15336: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15291: 15289: 15286: 15284: 15283:Anaconda Plan 15281: 15280: 15278: 15276: 15271: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15259:Pacific Coast 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15236: 15234: 15230: 15220: 15217: 15215: 15212: 15210: 15207: 15206: 15204: 15202: 15198: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15173: 15171: 15169: 15165: 15162: 15158: 15154: 15146: 15143: 15140: 15137: 15134: 15133: 15129: 15125: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15099: 15096: 15095: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15030: 15028: 15026: 15022: 15016: 15015: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14993:Positive good 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14968: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14948: 14946: 14944: 14940: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14908:Panic of 1857 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14868:Border states 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14855: 14853: 14848: 14845: 14844: 14841: 14837: 14830: 14826: 14822: 14815: 14810: 14808: 14803: 14801: 14796: 14795: 14792: 14780: 14779: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14744: 14742: 14738: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14653: 14651: 14647: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14575:Fort Hamilton 14573: 14571: 14570:Fort Defiance 14568: 14566: 14565:Fort Crawford 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14555:Bad Axe River 14553: 14550: 14546: 14543: 14542: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14533:Waddams Grove 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14504: 14501: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14486: 14484: 14483:Dixon's Ferry 14481: 14479: 14478:Buffalo Grove 14476: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14465: 14463: 14459: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14423:Henry Gratiot 14421: 14419: 14416: 14415: 14413: 14409: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14378: 14375: 14373: 14370: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14334: 14332: 14330: 14326: 14320: 14317: 14315: 14312: 14310: 14307: 14305: 14302: 14300: 14297: 14296: 14294: 14292: 14288: 14285: 14281: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14262: 14260: 14258: 14254: 14250: 14244: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14230: 14228: 14226: 14222: 14216: 14213: 14212: 14210: 14208: 14204: 14198: 14195: 14194: 14192: 14190: 14186: 14180: 14177: 14176: 14174: 14172: 14168: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14133: 14131: 14129: 14125: 14122: 14120:Native people 14118: 14114: 14107: 14102: 14100: 14095: 14093: 14088: 14087: 14084: 14071: 14068: 14067: 14065: 14063: 14059: 14052: 14049: 14048: 14046: 14044: 14040: 14033: 14030: 14029: 14027: 14025: 14021: 14014: 14013:Caleb Cushing 14011: 14010: 14008: 14006: 14002: 13995: 13992: 13991: 13989: 13987: 13983: 13976: 13975:James Guthrie 13973: 13972: 13970: 13968: 13964: 13948: 13945: 13944: 13942: 13940: 13936: 13931: 13928: 13924: 13917: 13912: 13910: 13905: 13903: 13898: 13897: 13894: 13878: 13875: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13865: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13825: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13709: 13707: 13705: 13699: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13569: 13567: 13565: 13559: 13556: 13552: 13546: 13541: 13534: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13506: 13504: 13502: 13496: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13361: 13359: 13357: 13351: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13215: 13212: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13142: 13140: 13137: 13135: 13132: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13090: 13087: 13085: 13082: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13065: 13062: 13061: 13059: 13057: 13051: 13048: 13044: 13038: 13034: 13030: 13023: 13018: 13016: 13011: 13009: 13004: 13003: 13000: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12894: 12892: 12886: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12865: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12847: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12726: 12724: 12718: 12713: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12668: 12665: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12529: 12527: 12521: 12517: 12509: 12504: 12502: 12497: 12495: 12490: 12489: 12486: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12346: 12345: 12343: 12339: 12334: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12200: 12198: 12194: 12190: 12183: 12178: 12176: 12171: 12169: 12164: 12163: 12160: 12147: 12144: 12141: 12138: 12135: 12132: 12129: 12126: 12125: 12123: 12121: 12117: 12110: 12107: 12106: 12104: 12102: 12098: 12091: 12088: 12087: 12085: 12083: 12079: 12072: 12069: 12066: 12063: 12060: 12057: 12054: 12051: 12048: 12045: 12044: 12042: 12040: 12036: 12029: 12026: 12023: 12020: 12017: 12014: 12013: 12011: 12009: 12005: 11998: 11995: 11992: 11989: 11986: 11985:Robert Toombs 11983: 11982: 11980: 11978: 11974: 11969: 11958: 11955: 11954: 11952: 11950: 11946: 11941: 11938: 11934: 11927: 11922: 11920: 11915: 11913: 11908: 11907: 11904: 11898: 11891: 11877: 11874: 11870: 11865: 11859: 11855: 11851: 11850:John B. Floyd 11842: 11841: 11834: 11828: 11823: 11819: 11818:John J. McRae 11810: 11809: 11805: 11798: 11792: 11787: 11783: 11774: 11773: 11770:Chair of the 11765: 11759: 11756: 11755: 11754:Adelbert Ames 11747: 11743: 11738: 11737: 11729: 11728: 11721: 11720:Stephen Adams 11715: 11711: 11710:James Shields 11702: 11701: 11698:Chair of the 11693: 11692:Thomas Benton 11687: 11683: 11682:John J. McRae 11676: 11675: 11667: 11666: 11659: 11658:Jesse Speight 11653: 11650: 11646: 11642: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11615: 11609: 11606: 11602: 11597: 11590: 11582: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11569: 11567: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11554: 11551: 11548: 11544: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11531: 11528: 11520: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11502: 11499: 11496: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11483: 11480: 11476: 11475: 11472: 11468: 11463: 11462: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11442: 11440: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11393: 11391:9788123743141 11387: 11383: 11379: 11374: 11370: 11366: 11361: 11357: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11315: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11296: 11291: 11287: 11283: 11278: 11266: 11262: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11245: 11240: 11228: 11224: 11220: 11215: 11211: 11207: 11203: 11197: 11193: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11178: 11174: 11170: 11169: 11163: 11159: 11155: 11151: 11150: 11144: 11140: 11136: 11132: 11131: 11125: 11121: 11117: 11112: 11111: 11106: 11105: 11099: 11095: 11091: 11087: 11083: 11079: 11075: 11071: 11067: 11063: 11059: 11055: 11051: 11047: 11046: 11045: 11035: 11031: 11019: 11012: 11007: 11003: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10987: 10983: 10979: 10975: 10963: 10959: 10955: 10951: 10947: 10943: 10938: 10934: 10930: 10926: 10922: 10918: 10914: 10910: 10906: 10902: 10897: 10893: 10889: 10885: 10884: 10879: 10878: 10872: 10868: 10864: 10860: 10856: 10852: 10847: 10843: 10839: 10835: 10831: 10825: 10821: 10817: 10813: 10809: 10805: 10801: 10797: 10793: 10786: 10781: 10777: 10773: 10769: 10765: 10760: 10756: 10752: 10748: 10744: 10740: 10736: 10732: 10728: 10723: 10719: 10715: 10711: 10707: 10702: 10698: 10694: 10690: 10686: 10681: 10677: 10673: 10669: 10665: 10660: 10656: 10652: 10648: 10644: 10640: 10636: 10631: 10627: 10623: 10619: 10615: 10611: 10607: 10602: 10598: 10594: 10590: 10586: 10582: 10578: 10574: 10569: 10565: 10561: 10557: 10553: 10549: 10545: 10541: 10537: 10532: 10528: 10524: 10520: 10516: 10512: 10508: 10503: 10499: 10495: 10491: 10487: 10483: 10479: 10474: 10470: 10466: 10462: 10458: 10454: 10450: 10446: 10442: 10438: 10434: 10430: 10425: 10421: 10417: 10413: 10409: 10404: 10403: 10398: 10397: 10391: 10387: 10383: 10377: 10372: 10371: 10364: 10360: 10356: 10352: 10346: 10342: 10337: 10333: 10329: 10325: 10319: 10315: 10310: 10306: 10302: 10298: 10292: 10287: 10286: 10279: 10275: 10271: 10267: 10265:0-252-01755-2 10261: 10256: 10255: 10248: 10244: 10240: 10236: 10234:1-57003-389-7 10230: 10226: 10221: 10215: 10211: 10207: 10202: 10201: 10194: 10190: 10186: 10182: 10176: 10171: 10170: 10163: 10159: 10155: 10151: 10149:0-19-502681-0 10145: 10140: 10139: 10133: 10129: 10125: 10121: 10117: 10115:0-8078-2928-5 10111: 10106: 10105: 10098: 10094: 10090: 10086: 10084:0-8071-0369-1 10080: 10076: 10071: 10065: 10061: 10057: 10053: 10051:0-8131-1503-5 10047: 10042: 10041: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10022: 10020:0-06-013403-8 10016: 10011: 10010: 10003: 9999: 9995: 9990: 9989: 9982: 9978: 9974: 9970: 9968:0-253-33822-0 9964: 9960: 9955: 9949: 9947: 9942: 9940:9781108415521 9936: 9932: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9915: 9909: 9904: 9903: 9897: 9896:Boritt, G. S. 9893: 9889: 9885: 9881: 9877: 9873: 9867: 9862: 9861: 9854: 9850: 9846: 9842: 9836: 9831: 9830: 9823: 9819: 9815: 9810: 9809: 9802: 9795: 9794: 9788: 9784: 9780: 9776: 9770: 9766: 9761: 9757: 9753: 9749: 9747:0-253-33822-0 9743: 9739: 9734: 9728: 9724: 9720: 9716: 9714:1-57233-002-3 9710: 9705: 9704: 9697: 9693: 9689: 9685: 9679: 9674: 9673: 9666: 9662: 9658: 9654: 9652:0-19-502887-2 9648: 9643: 9642: 9635: 9631: 9627: 9623: 9621:0-252-00918-5 9617: 9612: 9611: 9604: 9600: 9594: 9589: 9588: 9581: 9577: 9573: 9569: 9567:0-674-16055-X 9563: 9558: 9557: 9550: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9536:0-674-16055-X 9532: 9527: 9526: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9501: 9496: 9495: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9476: 9470: 9465: 9464: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9445: 9439: 9434: 9433: 9426: 9422: 9418: 9414: 9412:0-385-41214-2 9408: 9403: 9402: 9395: 9391: 9387: 9383: 9381:0-86554-201-5 9377: 9372: 9371: 9364: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9350:0-02-908700-7 9346: 9341: 9340: 9333: 9329: 9325: 9321: 9319:0-8071-0244-X 9315: 9310: 9309: 9302: 9298: 9294: 9290: 9284: 9279: 9278: 9271: 9267: 9263: 9259: 9257:0-8262-0812-6 9253: 9248: 9247: 9240: 9236: 9232: 9227: 9226: 9219: 9217: 9216: 9209: 9205: 9201: 9199:0-06-016706-8 9195: 9190: 9189: 9182: 9178: 9174: 9170: 9168:0-7006-1160-6 9164: 9159: 9158: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9139: 9133: 9128: 9127: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9102: 9097: 9096: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9071: 9066: 9065: 9058: 9054: 9050: 9046: 9040: 9035: 9034: 9027: 9023: 9019: 9015: 9013:0-8071-1020-5 9009: 9004: 9003: 8996: 8992: 8988: 8984: 8982:0-394-47179-2 8978: 8973: 8972: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8947: 8942: 8941: 8934: 8930: 8926: 8922: 8916: 8911: 8910: 8903: 8899: 8895: 8891: 8885: 8880: 8879: 8872: 8868: 8864: 8860: 8859: 8853: 8849: 8845: 8841: 8835: 8830: 8829: 8822: 8818: 8814: 8810: 8804: 8799: 8798: 8791: 8787: 8783: 8779: 8773: 8769: 8764: 8763: 8758: 8757: 8755: 8740: 8735: 8728: 8723: 8716: 8711: 8704: 8699: 8692: 8687: 8680: 8675: 8668: 8663: 8656: 8651: 8644: 8639: 8632: 8627: 8620: 8616: 8615:Connelly 1977 8611: 8604: 8600: 8595: 8588: 8583: 8576: 8572: 8568: 8563: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8543: 8537:, p. 76. 8536: 8535:Connelly 1977 8531: 8525:, p. 15. 8524: 8519: 8512: 8508: 8503: 8496: 8495:Vandiver 1977 8492: 8487: 8480: 8479:Vandiver 1977 8476: 8471: 8464: 8463:Vandiver 1977 8461:, p. 6; 8460: 8457:, p. 2; 8456: 8451: 8444: 8439: 8432: 8427: 8420: 8415: 8408: 8403: 8397:, p. 18. 8396: 8395:Vandiver 1977 8391: 8384: 8379: 8372: 8367: 8361:, p. 85. 8360: 8355: 8348: 8347:Vandiver 1977 8344: 8340: 8336: 8335:Atchison 2017 8331: 8325:, p. 18. 8324: 8323:Vandiver 1977 8320: 8316: 8311: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8295:Atchison 2017 8291: 8284: 8279: 8272: 8267: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8243: 8236: 8231: 8224: 8219: 8212: 8207: 8200: 8196: 8191: 8184: 8180: 8176: 8171: 8164: 8159: 8152: 8147: 8141:, p. 27. 8140: 8136: 8131: 8124: 8120: 8115: 8108: 8107:Vandiver 1977 8104: 8100: 8095: 8088: 8083: 8077:, p. 14. 8076: 8072: 8068: 8063: 8056: 8051: 8044: 8039: 8032: 8027: 8020: 8016: 8011: 8004: 7999: 7992: 7987: 7980: 7976: 7971: 7964: 7959: 7952: 7947: 7940: 7936: 7931: 7924: 7919: 7912: 7907: 7900: 7895: 7888: 7883: 7877:, p. 39. 7876: 7871: 7864: 7859: 7852: 7847: 7841:, p. 93. 7840: 7835: 7828: 7823: 7816: 7811: 7809: 7801: 7796: 7789: 7784: 7778:, p. 40. 7777: 7772: 7766:, p. 31. 7765: 7764:Muldowny 1969 7760: 7753: 7748: 7741: 7737: 7732: 7725: 7720: 7713: 7709: 7704: 7698:, p. 15. 7697: 7693: 7688: 7681: 7676: 7669: 7664: 7657: 7652: 7646:, p. 23. 7645: 7644:Muldowny 1969 7640: 7633: 7628: 7621: 7616: 7609: 7605: 7600: 7593: 7588: 7581: 7576: 7569: 7564: 7557: 7552: 7545: 7540: 7533: 7528: 7521: 7516: 7509: 7504: 7502: 7494: 7489: 7482: 7477: 7470: 7465: 7458: 7453: 7446: 7441: 7434: 7429: 7422: 7418: 7413: 7406: 7401: 7394: 7389: 7383:, p. 21. 7382: 7377: 7375: 7373: 7365: 7360: 7353: 7348: 7341: 7336: 7329: 7324: 7317: 7312: 7305: 7300: 7294:, p. 29. 7293: 7288: 7281: 7276: 7269: 7264: 7257: 7252: 7245: 7240: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7220: 7213: 7209: 7204: 7197: 7192: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7172: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7152: 7145: 7140: 7133: 7128: 7121: 7116: 7109: 7104: 7097: 7092: 7085: 7080: 7073: 7068: 7061: 7056: 7049: 7044: 7037: 7032: 7025: 7020: 7013: 7008: 7001: 6996: 6989: 6984: 6977: 6973: 6968: 6961: 6956: 6954: 6946: 6943:, p. 9; 6942: 6937: 6930: 6925: 6918: 6913: 6906: 6901: 6894: 6889: 6882: 6877: 6870: 6865: 6859:, p. 30. 6858: 6853: 6846: 6841: 6835:, p. 23. 6834: 6830: 6825: 6818: 6813: 6806: 6801: 6794: 6789: 6782: 6777: 6771:, p. 47. 6770: 6766: 6761: 6754: 6749: 6742: 6737: 6730: 6726: 6721: 6714: 6709: 6702: 6697: 6690: 6685: 6678: 6673: 6666: 6661: 6654: 6649: 6643:, p. 10. 6642: 6638: 6633: 6626: 6621: 6614: 6609: 6602: 6597: 6590: 6585: 6578: 6573: 6566: 6561: 6554: 6549: 6542: 6537: 6535: 6533: 6525: 6520: 6513: 6508: 6501: 6496: 6494: 6486: 6482: 6477: 6470: 6466: 6461: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6441: 6434: 6429: 6422: 6417: 6410: 6405: 6398: 6393: 6386: 6381: 6374: 6369: 6362: 6357: 6350: 6345: 6338: 6333: 6326: 6321: 6314: 6309: 6302: 6297: 6290: 6285: 6278: 6273: 6266: 6261: 6254: 6249: 6242: 6237: 6230: 6225: 6218: 6213: 6206: 6201: 6194: 6189: 6182: 6177: 6170: 6165: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6145: 6138: 6133: 6126: 6121: 6114: 6109: 6102: 6097: 6090: 6085: 6078: 6073: 6066: 6061: 6054: 6049: 6042: 6037: 6035: 6027: 6022: 6015: 6011: 6006: 5999: 5994: 5987: 5982: 5975: 5971: 5966: 5959: 5954: 5947: 5942: 5935: 5930: 5923: 5918: 5911: 5906: 5899: 5895: 5890: 5883: 5878: 5871: 5866: 5859: 5855: 5850: 5843: 5838: 5831: 5827: 5822: 5815: 5810: 5803: 5798: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5778: 5771: 5767: 5762: 5755: 5750: 5743: 5738: 5731: 5726: 5719: 5714: 5707: 5702: 5695: 5690: 5683: 5678: 5671: 5667: 5662: 5655: 5650: 5643: 5638: 5631: 5627: 5622: 5616:, p. 90. 5615: 5611: 5606: 5600:, p. 84. 5599: 5595: 5590: 5583: 5578: 5571: 5566: 5559: 5554: 5547: 5542: 5535: 5530: 5523: 5519: 5514: 5508:, p. 54. 5507: 5502: 5496:, p. 42. 5495: 5491: 5486: 5479: 5474: 5467: 5462: 5456:, p. 40. 5455: 5451: 5446: 5439: 5434: 5427: 5422: 5416:, p. 25. 5415: 5411: 5407: 5402: 5395: 5390: 5383: 5378: 5372:, p. 22. 5371: 5367: 5363: 5358: 5351: 5346: 5339: 5334: 5327: 5322: 5315: 5310: 5303: 5298: 5291: 5286: 5280:, p. 20. 5279: 5275: 5271: 5266: 5259: 5254: 5248:, p. 16. 5247: 5243: 5238: 5232:, p. 20. 5231: 5226: 5224: 5216: 5211: 5204: 5199: 5197: 5189: 5184: 5177: 5172: 5165: 5160: 5153: 5148: 5146: 5138: 5133: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5113: 5106: 5101: 5094: 5089: 5082: 5078: 5073: 5066: 5061: 5054: 5049: 5042: 5038: 5033: 5026: 5021: 5014: 5009: 5002: 4997: 4990: 4985: 4978: 4973: 4966: 4962: 4957: 4950: 4945: 4938: 4933: 4926: 4921: 4914: 4909: 4902: 4897: 4890: 4885: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4865: 4858: 4853: 4846: 4841: 4834: 4829: 4822: 4818: 4813: 4806: 4801: 4794: 4789: 4782: 4777: 4771:, p. 52. 4770: 4765: 4758: 4753: 4746: 4741: 4734: 4729: 4722: 4717: 4711:, p. 71. 4710: 4705: 4698: 4693: 4686: 4681: 4674: 4669: 4662: 4657: 4650: 4645: 4638: 4633: 4626: 4621: 4614: 4609: 4602: 4597: 4590: 4585: 4579:, p. 65. 4578: 4573: 4566: 4561: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4534: 4529: 4522: 4517: 4510: 4505: 4498: 4493: 4486: 4481: 4474: 4469: 4462: 4461:Lavender 1966 4457: 4450: 4445: 4438: 4433: 4426: 4421: 4414: 4409: 4402: 4398: 4393: 4386: 4381: 4374: 4369: 4363:, p. 58. 4362: 4357: 4350: 4345: 4343: 4335: 4330: 4324:, p. 54. 4323: 4318: 4311: 4306: 4299: 4294: 4287: 4282: 4275: 4270: 4263: 4258: 4251: 4246: 4239: 4234: 4227: 4222: 4215: 4210: 4203: 4198: 4192:, p. 48. 4191: 4187: 4182: 4175: 4170: 4163: 4158: 4151: 4146: 4139: 4134: 4128:, p. 86. 4127: 4122: 4115: 4111: 4106: 4100:, p. 91. 4099: 4095: 4091: 4086: 4079: 4074: 4068:, p. 80. 4067: 4062: 4055: 4050: 4048: 4041:, p. 89. 4040: 4035: 4029:, p. 77. 4028: 4023: 4016: 4011: 4005:, p. 72. 4004: 3999: 3993:, p. 69. 3992: 3987: 3980: 3975: 3968: 3963: 3956: 3951: 3945:, p. 20. 3944: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3925:, p. 19. 3924: 3919: 3912: 3907: 3900: 3895: 3888: 3883: 3876: 3871: 3864: 3859: 3852: 3847: 3840: 3835: 3828: 3823: 3816: 3811: 3805:, p. 49. 3804: 3799: 3793:, p. 57. 3792: 3787: 3781:, p. 88. 3780: 3775: 3768: 3763: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3740: 3736: 3731: 3725:, p. 17. 3724: 3719: 3712: 3707: 3700: 3695: 3688: 3683: 3677:, p. 15. 3676: 3671: 3664: 3659: 3653:, p. 15. 3652: 3647: 3640: 3635: 3628: 3623: 3616: 3611: 3604: 3599: 3597: 3590:, p. 97. 3589: 3586:, p. 6; 3585: 3581: 3576: 3569: 3564: 3557: 3552: 3545: 3540: 3533: 3529: 3524: 3517: 3512: 3505: 3502:, p. 4; 3501: 3498:, p. 9; 3497: 3492: 3485: 3480: 3473: 3469: 3468:Hattaway 1992 3465: 3460: 3456: 3442: 3435: 3429: 3428:Robert Toombs 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3375:Robert E. Lee 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3359:Leonidas Polk 3354: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3338:William Davis 3333: 3326: 3322: 3321:Clement Eaton 3317: 3310: 3306: 3305:Hudson Strode 3300: 3296: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3269:0-8129-7208-2 3265: 3260: 3259: 3252: 3251: 3243: 3242: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3214: 3213: 3212: 3206: 3201: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3152: 3151: 3150: 3149: 3143: 3138: 3137: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3110: 3103: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3027: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2972: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2948: 2931: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2871: 2866: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2844: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2794: 2789: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2765: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2710: 2700: 2694: 2685: 2680: 2671: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2638: 2633: 2632:James Redpath 2629: 2628: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2597: 2596:Edward Wilson 2593: 2588: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2571:mortgage loan 2568: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2538:Panic of 1873 2534: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2498: 2494: 2492: 2487: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2438: 2437: 2431: 2427: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2338: 2334: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2292: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2234: 2232: 2224: 2223:Robert E. Lee 2219: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2186:Zebulon Vance 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2141: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2126:Hampton Roads 2123: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2047: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1994: 1990: 1982: 1977: 1968: 1967:in Richmond. 1966: 1962: 1958: 1953: 1951: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1879:Robert E. Lee 1876: 1867: 1862: 1858: 1856: 1855:Braxton Bragg 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1827:John B. Floyd 1824: 1823:Gideon Pillow 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1764: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1633: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1605:Robert Toombs 1602: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1566: 1562: 1557: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1519: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1481: 1477: 1474:Davis of the 1473: 1468: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1386: 1382: 1381:daguerreotype 1377: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1322:Narciso López 1319: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1280: 1277:Davis of the 1276: 1272: 1268: 1254: 1252: 1251:Jesse Speight 1248: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1214:Walker Tariff 1211: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1172: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1132: 1130: 1129:James K. Polk 1126: 1122: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1094:Warren County 1091: 1087: 1079: 1075: 1066: 1064: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1016: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 966:, colds, and 965: 960: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 929: 927: 923: 922:Leonidas Polk 919: 915: 905: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 856:. During the 855: 851: 847: 837: 835: 831: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 787: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 764: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 737:Varina Howell 733: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 690: 688: 685:. He was the 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 647: 638: 632: 629: 627: 624: 623: 622: 619: 615: 612: 611: 610: 607: 606: 604: 600: 597: 594: 590: 587: 584: 580: 574: 573:Major General 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 560: 558: 554: 547: 544: 543: 541: 537: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 517: 515: 511: 508: 504:United States 503: 499: 494: 490: 486: 482: 479: 476: 472: 469: 466:6, including 465: 461: 442: 441:Varina Howell 437: 419: 414: 413: 411: 407: 404: 401: 395: 392: 389: 385: 381: 376: 373: 371:Resting place 369: 365: 356: 352: 348: 332: 328: 323: 319: 316: 313: 307: 304: 301: 295: 287: 282: 277: 272: 266: 260: 257: 256:John B. Floyd 254: 248: 245: 242: 236: 233: 230: 226: 220: 215: 212: 207: 204: 203:John J. McRae 201: 195: 192: 191:Jesse Speight 189: 183: 177: 172: 168: 167:Adelbert Ames 165: 159: 156: 155:Stephen Adams 153: 147: 141: 136: 133: 128: 124: 121: 118: 112: 109: 106: 100: 97: 94: 91: 86: 78: 73: 70: 66: 62: 51: 45: 40: 33: 30: 26: 22: 17622: 17605: 17588: 17571: 17559:from Commons 17554: 17533: 17304:Bibliography 17287:Other topics 17229:By ethnicity 17197: 17150:Trent Affair 17049:Signal Corps 16906: 16629:White League 16516:Ku Klux Klan 16429:Confederados 16356:Constitution 16228:D. D. Porter 16085: 16081:Breckinridge 15792:Rhode Island 15787:Pennsylvania 15542:Spotsylvania 15502:Stones River 15482:2nd Bull Run 15432:1st Bull Run 15318:Stones River 15219:Marine Corps 15186:Marine Corps 15025:Abolitionism 15012: 14965: 14776: 14580:Fort Jackson 14538:Yellow Creek 14503:Indian Creek 14347:David Bailey 14308: 14161:Wabokieshiek 14128:British Band 13993: 13727:A. Alexander 13632:C. Alexander 13419:Breckinridge 13178: 12601: 12586: 12267: 12252: 12146:George Davis 12134:Thomas Bragg 11939: 11875: 11862: 11857: 11838: 11806:nominee for 11802: 11769: 11752: 11741: 11734: 11725: 11697: 11672: 11663: 11619: 11578: 11543:Open Library 11494: 11474: 11470: 11467: 11445:Online books 11438: 11421:Online books 11411: 11381: 11369:the original 11356:the original 11336: 11317: 11298: 11286:the original 11269:. Retrieved 11247: 11231:. Retrieved 11222: 11190: 11167: 11148: 11129: 11120:the original 11098:the original 11093: 11082:the original 11070:the original 11058:the original 11053: 11037:. Retrieved 11033: 11027: 11018:the original 11002:the original 10997: 10986:the original 10981: 10966:. Retrieved 10962:the original 10950:the original 10945: 10933:the original 10921:the original 10909:the original 10904: 10892:the original 10854: 10850: 10833: 10829: 10795: 10791: 10767: 10763: 10730: 10726: 10709: 10705: 10688: 10684: 10670:(1): 17–35. 10667: 10663: 10638: 10634: 10609: 10605: 10580: 10576: 10572: 10539: 10535: 10510: 10506: 10481: 10477: 10436: 10432: 10420:the original 10415: 10411: 10369: 10340: 10313: 10284: 10253: 10224: 10199: 10168: 10137: 10103: 10074: 10039: 10008: 9987: 9958: 9930: 9901: 9859: 9828: 9807: 9792: 9764: 9737: 9702: 9671: 9640: 9609: 9586: 9555: 9524: 9493: 9462: 9431: 9400: 9369: 9338: 9307: 9276: 9245: 9224: 9213: 9187: 9156: 9125: 9094: 9063: 9032: 9001: 8970: 8939: 8908: 8877: 8857: 8827: 8796: 8767: 8748:Bibliography 8734: 8722: 8710: 8698: 8691:Matisse 2017 8686: 8674: 8662: 8650: 8638: 8626: 8610: 8599:Collins 2005 8594: 8582: 8562: 8555:Simpson 1975 8542: 8530: 8523:Collins 2005 8518: 8502: 8486: 8470: 8465:, p. 3. 8459:Starnes 1996 8450: 8438: 8426: 8414: 8402: 8390: 8378: 8366: 8354: 8330: 8310: 8290: 8278: 8266: 8242: 8230: 8218: 8206: 8190: 8170: 8158: 8146: 8130: 8114: 8109:, p. 8. 8094: 8082: 8062: 8050: 8038: 8026: 8010: 7998: 7986: 7970: 7958: 7946: 7930: 7918: 7906: 7894: 7882: 7870: 7863:Collins 2005 7858: 7851:Collins 2005 7846: 7839:Collins 2005 7834: 7827:Collins 2005 7822: 7795: 7788:Collins 2005 7783: 7776:Collins 2005 7771: 7759: 7752:Collins 2005 7747: 7731: 7719: 7708:Collins 2005 7703: 7687: 7675: 7663: 7651: 7639: 7627: 7615: 7599: 7587: 7580:Hermann 1990 7575: 7568:Hermann 1981 7563: 7551: 7539: 7527: 7515: 7488: 7476: 7464: 7457:Starnes 1996 7452: 7445:Starnes 1996 7440: 7433:Starnes 1996 7428: 7421:Starnes 1996 7412: 7400: 7388: 7381:Collins 2005 7359: 7347: 7335: 7323: 7311: 7299: 7292:Collins 2005 7287: 7275: 7268:Johnson 1868 7263: 7251: 7239: 7219: 7203: 7191: 7171: 7151: 7139: 7127: 7115: 7103: 7091: 7079: 7067: 7055: 7043: 7031: 7019: 7007: 6995: 6983: 6967: 6962:, p. 8. 6936: 6924: 6912: 6905:Beckert 2004 6900: 6893:Beckert 2015 6888: 6876: 6869:Hubbard 1998 6864: 6852: 6845:Beckert 2015 6840: 6833:Hubbard 1998 6824: 6812: 6805:Beckert 2004 6800: 6788: 6776: 6760: 6748: 6736: 6720: 6708: 6696: 6684: 6672: 6660: 6648: 6632: 6620: 6608: 6596: 6584: 6572: 6560: 6548: 6519: 6507: 6476: 6460: 6440: 6428: 6416: 6404: 6392: 6380: 6368: 6356: 6344: 6332: 6320: 6308: 6296: 6284: 6272: 6260: 6248: 6236: 6224: 6212: 6200: 6188: 6176: 6164: 6144: 6132: 6120: 6108: 6096: 6084: 6072: 6060: 6048: 6021: 6005: 5993: 5981: 5965: 5953: 5941: 5929: 5917: 5905: 5889: 5877: 5865: 5849: 5837: 5821: 5809: 5797: 5777: 5761: 5749: 5737: 5725: 5713: 5701: 5689: 5677: 5661: 5649: 5637: 5621: 5605: 5589: 5577: 5565: 5553: 5541: 5529: 5513: 5501: 5485: 5473: 5461: 5445: 5433: 5421: 5401: 5389: 5377: 5357: 5345: 5338:Johnson 1960 5333: 5321: 5309: 5297: 5285: 5265: 5253: 5237: 5210: 5183: 5171: 5159: 5132: 5112: 5100: 5088: 5072: 5060: 5048: 5032: 5020: 5008: 4996: 4984: 4972: 4956: 4944: 4932: 4920: 4908: 4896: 4884: 4877:Wallner 2007 4864: 4852: 4840: 4828: 4812: 4805:Wallner 2007 4800: 4788: 4781:Wallner 2007 4776: 4769:Wallner 2007 4764: 4757:Wallner 2007 4752: 4740: 4728: 4716: 4704: 4692: 4680: 4668: 4656: 4644: 4632: 4620: 4608: 4596: 4584: 4572: 4560: 4540: 4528: 4516: 4504: 4492: 4480: 4468: 4456: 4444: 4432: 4420: 4408: 4397:Winders 2016 4392: 4380: 4368: 4356: 4329: 4317: 4305: 4293: 4281: 4269: 4257: 4245: 4233: 4221: 4216:, p. 7. 4209: 4197: 4181: 4169: 4157: 4145: 4133: 4121: 4116:, p. 4. 4105: 4098:Hermann 1990 4085: 4073: 4061: 4034: 4022: 4010: 3998: 3986: 3974: 3962: 3955:Hermann 1990 3950: 3930: 3918: 3906: 3894: 3882: 3870: 3863:Scanlan 1940 3858: 3846: 3841:, p. 6. 3834: 3822: 3815:Scanlan 1940 3810: 3798: 3786: 3779:Crackel 2002 3774: 3769:, p. 4. 3762: 3746: 3730: 3718: 3713:, p. 8. 3706: 3694: 3682: 3670: 3658: 3646: 3641:, p. 7. 3634: 3629:, p. 4. 3622: 3610: 3605:, p. 3. 3588:Rennick 1984 3575: 3563: 3551: 3546:, p. 3. 3539: 3523: 3511: 3506:, p. 2. 3491: 3486:, p. 6. 3479: 3459: 3434: 3398: 3353: 3332: 3316: 3299: 3257: 3240: 3228: 3217: 3209:(14 Volumes) 3204: 3191: 3141: 3125: 3121: 3108: 3086: 3082: 3070: 3066: 3054: 3050: 3038: 3034: 3006: 2988: 2970: 2952: 2882:Jimmy Carter 2875: 2861: 2848: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2769: 2761: 2728: 2712: 2689: 2648: 2641: 2635: 2625: 2623: 2611:Sarah Dorsey 2608: 2556: 2535: 2507: 2483: 2453:Gerrit Smith 2442: 2434: 2391: 2387:Pope Pius IX 2363: 2356:casemate by 2352:of Davis in 2341:Imprisonment 2335: 2331: 2296: 2287: 2243:conscription 2235: 2228: 2190: 2163: 2134: 2119: 2104: 2084:John B. Hood 2077: 2073: 2040: 2013: 2005:Pennsylvania 1998: 1986: 1954: 1950:James Seddon 1946: 1922: 1883: 1871: 1796: 1768: 1760: 1745: 1688: 1669: 1613:LeRoy Walker 1598: 1570: 1551:Inauguration 1520: 1500: 1485: 1454:decided the 1445: 1414: 1390: 1387:Davis (1853) 1346: 1330: 1315: 1288: 1271:Daguerrotype 1226: 1203: 1192: 1175: 1149: 1137:yellow fever 1133: 1117: 1098: 1083: 1078:Daguerrotype 1059: 1040: 1025: 984: 961: 930: 911: 862:Thomas Hinds 843: 798: 765: 734: 691: 654: 653: 602:Battles/wars 399:affiliations 359:(1889-12-06) 344:June 3, 1808 310:Succeeded by 285: 251:Succeeded by 218: 198:Succeeded by 175: 162:Succeeded by 139: 119: 115:Succeeded by 107: 76: 50:Mathew Brady 29: 17653:1889 deaths 17648:1808 births 17526:Mississippi 17110:Copperheads 16822:Confederate 16714:Black Codes 16040:E. K. Smith 15921:Confederate 15868:New Orleans 15863:Chattanooga 15727:Mississippi 15627:Connecticut 15595:territories 15586:Involvement 15547:Cold Harbor 15537:Fort Pillow 15527:Chattanooga 15522:Chickamauga 15472:Seven Pines 15462:New Orleans 15427:Fort Sumter 15368:Valley 1864 15201:Confederacy 14998:Slave Power 14978:Fire-Eaters 14649:Engagements 14362:Henry Dodge 14357:John Dement 14283:U.S. people 14141:Checokalako 14072:(1853–1857) 14053:(1853–1857) 14034:(1853–1857) 14015:(1853–1857) 13996:(1853–1857) 13977:(1853–1857) 13949:(1853–1857) 13932:(1853–1857) 13704:of the Army 13564:of the Army 13562:Secretaries 13551:of the Army 13169:G. Crawford 13109:W. Crawford 13054:Secretaries 13046:(1789–1947) 12912:Saltonstall 12769:R. Williams 12722:(1816–1947) 12677:Chamberlain 12542:J. Williams 12532:J. Williams 12525:(1816–1947) 12298:J. Williams 11942:(1861–1865) 11649:U.S. Senate 11345:wikisource. 11326:wikisource. 11307:wikisource. 11039:February 8, 10857:(1): 3–18. 10513:(1): 3–40. 8715:Atuire 2020 8643:Carter 1978 8603:Foster 1987 8587:Foster 1987 8571:Hunter 2000 8567:Foster 1987 8551:Hunter 2000 8507:Cooper 2008 8491:Thomas 1998 8475:Cooper 2008 8455:Cooper 2008 8419:Cooper 2000 8359:Cooper 2008 8337:, pp. 8315:Cooper 2008 8303:Escott 1978 8297:, pp. 8283:Thomas 1970 8271:Escott 1978 8259:Stoker 2010 8247:Escott 1978 8211:Escott 1978 8195:Cooper 2008 8179:Stoker 2010 8151:Stoker 2010 8139:Stoker 2010 8119:Cooper 2000 8099:Cooper 2008 8071:Stoker 2010 8067:Cooper 2008 8043:Stampp 1980 8031:Davis 1861c 8015:Currie 2004 8003:Davis 1861b 7951:Huston 1999 7911:Huston 1999 7899:Cooper 2008 7875:Bleser 1999 7800:Cooper 2000 7736:Cooper 2000 7712:Cooper 2000 7692:Cooper 2008 7680:Foster 1987 7668:Cooper 2000 7632:Cooper 2000 7604:Cooper 2000 7592:Cooper 2000 7556:Cooper 2000 7544:Cooper 2000 7520:Cooper 2000 7493:Cooper 2000 7481:Cooper 2000 7417:Cooper 2000 7393:Cooper 2000 7340:Cooper 2000 7304:Cooper 2000 7280:Cooper 2000 7226:, pp. 7196:Cooper 2000 7158:, pp. 7132:Eckert 1987 7120:Cooper 2000 7108:Eckert 1987 7096:Eckert 1987 7012:Davis 1863b 6881:Owsley 1959 6857:Owsley 1959 6765:Escott 2009 6729:Roland 1991 6725:Cooper 2008 6713:Escott 1978 6701:Escott 1978 6637:Cooper 2008 6601:Cooper 2000 6553:Cooper 2000 6500:Stoker 2010 6481:Escott 2009 6469:Durden 1972 6465:Levine 2006 6453:Durden 1972 6449:Foster 1987 6445:DeRosa 1991 6409:Stoker 2010 6361:Cooper 2000 6325:Stoker 2010 6313:Cooper 2000 6301:Escott 1978 6277:Cooper 2000 6253:Cooper 2000 6217:Stoker 2010 6205:Cooper 2000 6181:Cooper 2000 6149:Cooper 2000 6113:Stoker 2010 6089:Cooper 2000 6077:Stoker 2010 6041:Davis 1863a 6026:Cooper 2000 6010:Cooper 2000 5986:Cooper 2000 5970:Cooper 2000 5958:Cooper 2000 5946:Cooper 2000 5910:Stoker 2010 5894:Stoker 2010 5870:Stoker 2010 5858:Stoker 2010 5854:Cooper 2000 5842:Stoker 2010 5830:Stoker 2010 5814:Cooper 2000 5790:Stoker 2010 5770:Stoker 2010 5754:Cooper 2000 5742:Cooper 2000 5730:Cooper 2000 5718:Stoker 2010 5706:Cooper 2000 5642:Cooper 2000 5630:Stoker 2010 5582:Stoker 2010 5494:Stoker 2010 5466:Stoker 2010 5450:Cooper 2000 5438:Cooper 2000 5406:Cooper 2000 5394:Potter 1976 5362:Cooper 2000 5350:Cooper 2000 5290:Cooper 2008 5176:Cooper 2000 5152:Davis 1861a 5117:Cooper 2008 5093:Cooper 2000 5053:Cooper 2000 5013:Cooper 2000 4989:Cooper 2000 4977:Potter 1976 4937:Cooper 2000 4925:Cooper 2000 4889:Potter 1976 4869:Cooper 2000 4845:Cooper 2000 4833:Cooper 2000 4817:Cooper 2000 4745:Cooper 2000 4697:Cooper 2008 4685:Cooper 2000 4673:Cooper 2000 4649:Cooper 2000 4533:Cooper 2000 4521:Cooper 2000 4497:Cooper 2000 4473:Cooper 2000 4449:Dugard 2009 4437:Dugard 2009 4425:Dugard 2009 4413:Dugard 2009 4385:Dugard 2009 4373:Cooper 2000 4349:Cooper 2000 4310:Cooper 2000 4298:Cooper 2000 4250:Cashin 2006 4226:Bleser 1999 4214:Bleser 1999 4186:Cooper 2000 4174:Bleser 1999 4162:Cooper 2000 4126:Cooper 2000 4110:Cooper 2000 4090:Cooper 2000 4078:Cooper 2000 4054:Cooper 2000 4027:Cooper 2000 4015:Cooper 2000 3991:Cooper 2000 3935:Cooper 2000 3899:Cooper 2000 3851:Cooper 2000 3827:Cooper 2000 3803:Cooper 2000 3751:Cooper 2000 3735:Cooper 2000 3723:Cooper 2000 3687:Cooper 2000 3651:Cooper 2000 3615:Cooper 2000 3603:Cooper 2000 3580:Cooper 2000 3568:Cooper 2000 3528:Cooper 2000 3496:Cooper 2000 3464:Cooper 2000 3336:Historians 2938: 1888 2843:New Orleans 2804: 1865 2800: 1861 2756:Alfred Waud 2684:New Orleans 2603: 1885 2475:Later years 2414:James Speed 2366:Fort Monroe 2358:Alfred Waud 2354:Fort Monroe 2324:Davis $ 50 2282:King Cotton 2260:King Cotton 2154:John Barber 2111:James River 2028:Chattanooga 1783:Mississippi 1722:had begun. 1672:Fort Sumter 1617:John Reagan 1363:during the 1295:Oregon Bill 1145:Varina Anne 996:Fort Gibson 992:Henry Dodge 926:Eggnog Riot 858:War of 1812 846:Bayou Teche 821:Scots-Irish 811:during the 772:Fort Monroe 728:, building 681:before the 667:Mississippi 298:Preceded by 271:Mississippi 239:Preceded by 186:Preceded by 150:Preceded by 132:Mississippi 103:Preceded by 57: 1859 17637:Categories 17573:Quotations 17502:Literature 17343:Juneteenth 16864:Cemeteries 16741:Red Shirts 16652:Centennial 16602:Red Shirts 16010:Longstreet 15940:Beauregard 15883:Winchester 15858:Charleston 15827:Washington 15762:New Mexico 15757:New Jersey 15617:California 15593:States and 15577:Five Forks 15562:Mobile Bay 15532:Wilderness 15512:Gettysburg 15492:Perryville 15477:Seven Days 15408:Appomattox 15333:Gettysburg 15293:New Mexico 15160:Combatants 15135:Combatants 15048:John Brown 14590:Fort Union 14513:Plum River 14493:Fort Beggs 14304:Hugh Brady 14225:Potawatomi 14156:Towaunonne 14136:Black Hawk 13737:E. Johnson 13549:Department 13474:L. Johnson 13439:Wainwright 13404:Meiklejohn 13239:R. Lincoln 13224:J. Cameron 13194:S. Cameron 13064:B. Lincoln 13041:Department 12567:Crittenden 12473:Hyde-Smith 12363:Poindexter 11872:1862–1865 11858:New office 11844:1853–1857 11804:Democratic 11776:1857–1861 11704:1849–1851 11635:1845–1846 11233:October 3, 11171:. Towers. 11158:1155588355 11152:. Towers. 11139:1050739878 10968:August 12, 10390:1035892379 10359:1119478016 10274:1244725167 10243:1302554523 10210:1147732382 10189:1149215547 10158:1035615086 10124:1256491263 10093:1145788949 10060:1302092929 10029:1149517693 9998:1150138640 9977:1148084732 9880:1204326178 9849:1285645774 9818:1029283882 9783:1056201876 9756:1148084732 9723:1301784875 9692:1200479903 9661:1151068422 9630:1285549950 9576:1245805998 9545:1259497424 9483:1145788949 9421:1036955120 9390:1200471494 9359:1035928281 9328:1035312500 9297:1302546114 9266:1148595299 9208:1150103061 9177:1036965649 9146:1302084578 9115:1035904007 9084:1150030909 8929:0674022947 8898:1285466261 8867:1039980047 8848:1301977762 8817:1148617048 8575:Rubin 2005 8431:Eaton 1977 8055:Davis 1991 7977:, p. 7975:Woods 2020 7939:Davis 1991 7923:Davis 1850 7887:Davis 1848 7815:Davis 1991 7740:Davis 1991 7724:Davis 1991 7696:Nolan 2000 7656:Davis 1991 7620:Davis 1991 7608:Davis 1991 7508:Davis 1991 7469:Davis 1991 7405:Davis 1991 7364:Davis 1991 7352:Davis 1991 7328:Davis 1991 7316:Eaton 1977 7256:Davis 1991 7244:Rubin 2005 7210:, p. 7178:, p. 7072:Eaton 1977 6988:Eaton 1977 6817:Eaton 1977 6793:Davis 1991 6665:Davis 1991 6653:Davis 1991 6613:Eaton 1977 6589:Davis 1991 6577:Eaton 1977 6524:Davis 1865 6289:Davis 1864 5682:Davis 1862 5410:Davis 1991 5382:Davis 1991 5366:Davis 1991 5326:Eaton 1977 5314:Davis 1991 5302:Davis 1991 5274:Eaton 1977 5270:Davis 1991 5258:Davis 1991 5242:Eaton 1977 5215:Davis 1991 5164:Eaton 1977 5137:Eaton 1977 5125:Eaton 1977 5121:Davis 1991 5105:Davis 1991 5081:Eaton 1977 5077:Davis 1991 5065:Davis 1991 5039:, p. 5037:Davis 1858 5025:Davis 1991 5001:Davis 1991 4965:Eaton 1977 4961:Davis 1991 4949:Davis 1991 4913:Davis 1991 4901:Eaton 1977 4873:Davis 1991 4857:Davis 1991 4821:Eaton 1977 4793:Waite 2016 4733:Eaton 1977 4721:Davis 1991 4709:Eaton 1977 4661:Eaton 1977 4637:Davis 1991 4625:Davis 1991 4613:Davis 1991 4601:Davis 1991 4589:Davis 1991 4577:Eaton 1977 4553:Waite 2016 4549:Eaton 1977 4545:Davis 1991 4509:Davis 1991 4485:Davis 1991 4399:, p. 4361:Eaton 1977 4334:Davis 1991 4322:Eaton 1977 4202:Davis 1991 4190:Eaton 1977 4150:Davis 1991 4138:Davis 1991 4094:Davis 1991 4066:Davis 1991 4039:Davis 1991 4003:Davis 1991 3979:Eaton 1977 3967:Davis 1991 3943:Eaton 1977 3939:Davis 1991 3923:Eaton 1977 3911:Davis 1991 3887:Davis 1991 3791:Davis 1991 3755:Davis 1991 3739:Davis 1991 3711:Davis 1991 3699:Davis 1991 3675:Davis 1991 3663:Davis 1991 3639:Davis 1991 3627:Eaton 1977 3584:Davis 1991 3556:Davis 1991 3544:Eaton 1977 3532:Eaton 1977 3516:Davis 1991 3504:Eaton 1977 3500:Davis 1991 3484:Davis 1991 3342:West Point 3325:Davis 1927 3286:References 3016:1084918966 2980:1084580578 2962:1084571088 2856:Lost Cause 2827:See also: 2802: – c. 2707:See also: 2619:amanuensis 2543:presidency 2527:Lost Cause 2402:war crimes 2392:President 2314:See also: 2276:depicting 2258:See also: 2166:Jim Limber 2158:Henry Howe 2060:lithograph 1835:Gulf Coast 1819:Cumberland 1736:lithograph 1652:lithograph 1565:Montgomery 1379:Colorized 1333:Henry Clay 1326:filibuster 1324:to lead a 1210:smoothbore 1141:diphtheria 980:Black Hawk 968:bronchitis 882:Washington 870:Dominicans 790:Early life 659:politician 501:Allegiance 391:Democratic 340:1808-06-03 17624:Resources 17607:Textbooks 17490:Biography 17321:Espionage 17115:Diplomacy 17083:Political 17039:POW camps 16785:Monuments 16612:Scalawags 16607:Redeemers 16345:Aftermath 16294:Pinkerton 16233:Rosecrans 16198:McClellan 16101:Memminger 15837:Wisconsin 15802:Tennessee 15722:Minnesota 15697:Louisiana 15572:Nashville 15517:Vicksburg 15447:Pea Ridge 15398:Carolinas 15353:Red River 15348:Knoxville 15328:Tullahoma 15323:Vicksburg 15303:Peninsula 15275:campaigns 15141:Campaigns 14918:Secession 14549:Wisconsin 14243:Waubonsie 14207:Menominee 13927:President 13877:Camarillo 13872:McPherson 13792:Augustine 13772:McGiffert 13732:Bendetsen 13509:Patterson 13479:Patterson 13339:Patterson 13284:Dickinson 13204:Schofield 13154:J. Porter 13124:P. Porter 13099:Armstrong 13074:Pickering 12932:Goldwater 12834:McPherson 12824:McPherson 12784:Fairfield 12739:Pleasants 12682:Wadsworth 12243:Henderson 12148:(1864–65) 12142:(1862–63) 12136:(1861–62) 12111:(1861–65) 12092:(1861–65) 12067:(1862–65) 12055:(1861–62) 12024:(1864–65) 12018:(1861–64) 11999:(1862–65) 11993:(1861–62) 11959:(1861–65) 11937:President 11469:Booknotes 11177:974454463 10820:164302059 10755:143650397 10564:145607515 10469:161634950 10453:0002-8762 10332:933438558 10305:436298116 9922:248959614 9099:. Knopf. 9068:. Knopf. 9053:740449986 8991:469500741 8975:. Knopf. 8786:986538432 8619:Cook 2007 7532:Lane 1903 7060:Todd 1958 7048:Todd 1954 7000:Ball 1991 6972:Ball 1991 6960:Ball 1991 6945:Todd 1954 6941:Ball 1991 6929:Ball 1991 3452:Citations 3104:1889. in 2998:902841567 2655:New South 2649:In 1886, 2575:executors 2278:John Bull 2184:Governor 2100:Nashville 2050:1864–1865 1961:confirmed 1934:Frankfort 1866:President 1815:Tennessee 1807:Nashville 1779:Tennessee 1712:Tennessee 1636:Civil War 1590:Louisiana 1043:Beechland 964:pneumonia 945:Winnebago 890:Lexington 548:1846–1847 545:1825–1835 484:Signature 474:Education 286:In office 228:President 219:In office 176:In office 140:In office 77:In office 17514:Politics 17435:Category 17276:Seminole 17266:Cherokee 17019:Medicine 16972:Military 16885:Veterans 16719:Jim Crow 16484:timeline 16279:Ericsson 16262:Civilian 16243:Sheridan 16203:McDowell 16163:Farragut 16148:Burnside 16138:Anderson 16131:Military 16111:Stephens 16071:Benjamin 16064:Civilian 15950:Buchanan 15928:Military 15873:Richmond 15822:Virginia 15767:New York 15742:Nebraska 15732:Missouri 15717:Michigan 15707:Maryland 15692:Kentucky 15667:Illinois 15642:Delaware 15622:Colorado 15607:Arkansas 15567:Franklin 15487:Antietam 15358:Overland 15313:Maryland 15232:Theaters 15138:Theaters 14518:Saukenuk 14468:Illinois 14257:Meskwaki 14238:Shabbona 14189:Ho-Chunk 14151:Pamisseu 13867:McCarthy 13852:Westphal 13837:Brownlee 13832:Dahlberg 13762:Ignatius 13747:Finucane 13722:Voorhees 13687:McCarthy 13627:Hoffmann 13622:Callaway 13617:Froehlke 13489:Petersen 13469:Woodring 13449:MacNider 13444:D. Davis 13434:Williams 13424:Ingraham 13329:Woodring 13309:D. Davis 13294:Garrison 13244:Endicott 13179:J. Davis 13139:Poinsett 13089:Dearborn 13033:the Army 12942:Thurmond 12874:Trammell 12759:Southard 12697:Reynolds 12692:Sheppard 12672:Johnston 12647:Walthall 12627:Randolph 12552:Harrison 12463:Eastland 12453:Eastland 12448:Harrison 12443:Vardaman 12428:McLaurin 12423:Sullivan 12418:Walthall 12413:McLaurin 12408:Walthall 12373:Chalmers 12358:R. Adams 12303:Stephens 12263:S. Adams 11519:LibriVox 11271:July 11, 11265:Archived 11252:Archived 11227:Archived 11210:49736253 10842:23387081 10812:26070455 10776:41395577 10747:26235410 10718:42623867 10676:26473833 10556:23016275 10134:(1980). 9898:(1987). 9514:13794080 9235:20801352 9022:45731896 8960:56614193 5188:LOC 2024 3278:70773557 3095:25101921 3024:Articles 2925:Writings 2873:States. 2615:Beauvoir 2592:Beauvoir 2374:casemate 2303:blockade 2058:Colored 1910:Maryland 1894:Yorktown 1890:Richmond 1803:Donelson 1787:Arkansas 1771:Kentucky 1763:Manassas 1734:Colored 1716:Arkansas 1704:Virginia 1650:Colored 1534:won the 1425:Nebraska 1111:for the 941:Crawford 854:Rosemont 673:and the 592:Commands 463:Children 279:district 276:at-large 17464:Portals 17402:Related 17271:Choctaw 17261:Catawba 17044:Rations 16989:Cavalry 16851:Removal 16479:efforts 16463:of 1873 16309:Stevens 16304:Stanton 16289:Lincoln 16248:Sherman 16183:Halleck 16173:Frémont 16158:Du Pont 16096:Mallory 16055:Wheeler 15990:Jackson 15970:Forrest 15910:Leaders 15853:Atlanta 15817:Vermont 15737:Montana 15677:Indiana 15652:Georgia 15647:Florida 15612:Arizona 15602:Alabama 15552:Atlanta 15467:Corinth 15419:battles 15363:Atlanta 15343:Bristoe 15244:Western 15239:Eastern 15144:Battles 14943:Slavery 14847:Origins 14833:Origins 14778:Warrior 14630:Victory 14615:Roxbury 14329:Militia 14270:Wapello 14215:Oshkosh 14179:Wapasha 14146:Neapope 13923:Cabinet 13827:Rostker 13812:Shannon 13802:Ambrose 13797:LaBerge 13692:Wormuth 13677:Fanning 13652:Caldera 13592:Brucker 13587:Stevens 13454:Robbins 13429:Crowell 13379:Wolcott 13334:Stimson 13289:Stimson 13274:W. Taft 13249:Proctor 13229:McCrary 13219:A. Taft 13214:Belknap 13209:Rawlins 13199:Stanton 13159:Wilkins 13149:Spencer 13119:Barbour 13114:Calhoun 13079:McHenry 12922:Stennis 12917:Russell 12907:Russell 12902:Tydings 12869:F. Hale 12859:Swanson 12854:Tillman 12849:Perkins 12844:E. Hale 12839:Cameron 12829:Cameron 12819:Sargent 12804:J. Hale 12799:Mallory 12734:Sanford 12667:du Pont 12657:Proctor 12622:Spencer 12607:Johnson 12592:Shields 12562:Preston 12547:Jackson 12468:Cochran 12341:Class 2 12313:Stennis 12248:Speight 12233:Trotter 12196:Class 1 11933:Cabinet 11564:at the 11503:at the 11484:at the 10871:2207552 10697:4631371 10655:2204623 10626:2587364 10597:2080868 10527:2587730 10498:3202380 9452:3844261 2911:racists 2720:caisson 2545:of the 2378:fetters 2299:embargo 2032:Georgia 2020:a siege 1811:Memphis 1654:of the 1601:cabinet 1594:Alabama 1586:Georgia 1582:Florida 1472:Senator 1405:Arizona 1262:Senator 1090:Jackson 1055:malaria 1028:planter 768:treason 761:seceded 726:planter 722:malaria 669:in the 633: ( 568:Colonel 454: 446: 434: 426: 422: 409:Spouses 17445:Portal 17383:Tokens 16319:Welles 16299:Seward 16284:Hamlin 16253:Thomas 16188:Hooker 16153:Butler 16106:Seddon 16091:Hunter 16076:Bocock 16050:Taylor 16045:Stuart 16035:Semmes 16015:Morgan 15975:Gorgas 15955:Cooper 15846:Cities 15782:Oregon 15747:Nevada 15687:Kansas 15657:Hawaii 15557:Crater 15457:Shiloh 15417:Major 15403:Mobile 15273:Major 15147:States 15098:Caning 14600:Helena 14498:Galena 14461:Places 14411:Others 14265:Keokuk 14171:Dakota 13862:Murphy 13857:Carson 13822:Walker 13817:Reeder 13787:Staudt 13782:BeLieu 13752:Milton 13742:Slezak 13712:Draper 13672:McHugh 13662:Harvey 13572:Royall 13519:Draper 13514:Royall 13501:of War 13484:McCloy 13459:Hurley 13414:Oliver 13409:Sanger 13389:Eckert 13374:Tucker 13369:Watson 13356:of War 13344:Royall 13319:Hurley 13279:Wright 13259:Lamont 13254:Elkins 13234:Ramsey 13174:Conrad 13104:Monroe 13094:Eustis 13084:Dexter 13056:of War 13043:of War 12982:Inhofe 12977:McCain 12967:Warner 12957:Warner 12947:Warner 12897:Gurney 12814:Cragin 12809:Grimes 12779:Bayard 12774:Mangum 12754:Dallas 12702:Thomas 12662:Warren 12652:Hawley 12642:Hawley 12637:Sewell 12612:Wilson 12597:Weller 12582:Benton 12572:Benton 12557:Benton 12433:Gordon 12398:Alcorn 12393:Revels 12383:Brooke 12368:Walker 12323:Wicker 12288:George 12208:Holmes 12130:(1861) 12073:(1865) 12061:(1862) 12049:(1861) 12030:(1865) 11987:(1861) 11742:Vacant 11631:Seat D 11409:about 11388: 11208: 11198: 11175: 11156: 11137: 10880:Online 10869: 10840: 10818: 10810: 10774: 10753: 10745: 10716: 10695: 10674: 10653: 10624: 10595: 10562: 10554: 10525: 10496: 10467: 10459: 10451: 10388: 10378: 10357: 10347: 10330: 10320: 10303: 10293: 10272: 10262: 10241: 10231: 10208: 10187: 10177: 10156: 10146: 10122: 10112: 10091: 10081: 10058: 10048: 10027: 10017: 9996: 9975: 9965: 9946:Review 9937: 9920: 9910: 9878: 9868: 9847: 9837: 9816: 9781: 9771: 9754: 9744: 9721: 9711: 9690: 9680: 9659: 9649: 9628: 9618: 9595: 9574: 9564: 9543: 9533: 9512: 9502: 9481: 9471: 9450: 9440: 9419: 9409: 9388: 9378: 9357: 9347: 9326: 9316: 9295: 9285: 9264: 9254: 9233: 9206: 9196: 9175: 9165: 9144: 9134: 9113: 9103: 9082: 9072: 9051: 9041: 9020: 9010: 8989: 8979: 8958: 8948: 8927: 8917: 8896: 8886: 8865: 8846: 8836: 8815: 8805: 8784: 8774: 3426:, and 3276: 3266: 3093: 3014: 2996: 2978: 2960: 2865:martyr 2823:Legacy 2758:(1866) 2697: 2686:(1889) 2582:Author 2567:Isaiah 2439:(1867) 2360:(1865) 2350:Sketch 2160:(1865) 1843:Shiloh 1785:, and 1742:(1861) 1740:Goupil 1714:, and 1592:, and 1516: 1512: 1503:iritis 1482:(1859) 1421:Kansas 1253:died. 468:Varina 382:, U.S. 366:, U.S. 349:, U.S. 292:Seat D 169:(1870) 17590:Texts 17556:Media 17188:Dixie 17175:Music 16794:Union 16638:Post- 16474:trial 16274:Chase 16269:Adams 16238:Scott 16213:Meigs 16208:Meade 16178:Grant 16168:Foote 16143:Buell 16124:Union 16086:Davis 16030:Price 16020:Mosby 15965:Ewell 15960:Early 15945:Bragg 15807:Texas 15702:Maine 15662:Idaho 15168:Union 13842:Geren 13807:Stone 13767:Resor 13757:Ailes 13682:Esper 13667:Geren 13657:White 13642:Stone 13637:Marsh 13612:Resor 13607:Ailes 13602:Vance 13597:Stahr 13464:Payne 13394:Grant 13364:Scott 13304:Weeks 13299:Baker 13264:Alger 13184:Floyd 13164:Marcy 13129:Eaton 12972:Levin 12962:Levin 12952:Levin 12927:Tower 12879:Walsh 12789:Yulee 12764:Rives 12749:Hayne 12744:Lloyd 12632:Logan 12617:Logan 12602:Davis 12587:Davis 12537:Troup 12458:Doxey 12438:Percy 12403:Lamar 12388:Brown 12378:Foote 12308:Bilbo 12293:Money 12283:Bruce 12278:Pease 12268:Davis 12258:McRae 12253:Davis 12228:Black 12223:Ellis 12213:Ellis 12203:Leake 11812:1851 11625:from 11021:(PDF) 11014:(PDF) 10867:JSTOR 10838:JSTOR 10816:S2CID 10808:JSTOR 10788:(PDF) 10772:JSTOR 10751:S2CID 10743:JSTOR 10714:JSTOR 10693:JSTOR 10672:JSTOR 10651:JSTOR 10622:JSTOR 10593:JSTOR 10560:S2CID 10552:JSTOR 10523:JSTOR 10494:JSTOR 10465:S2CID 10457:JSTOR 9797:(PDF) 8759:Books 7180:PT228 3291:Notes 3091:JSTOR 2945:Books 2674:Death 2504:1869) 2191:When 2070:1865) 2043:riots 1799:Henry 1666:1861) 1285:1846) 1189:1860) 1063:Eliza 1022:1840) 872:near 801:Welsh 448:( 444: 428:( 424: 269:from 209:23rd 130:from 17373:Salt 16979:Arms 16829:List 16801:List 16314:Wade 16223:Pope 16193:Hunt 16025:Polk 15985:Hood 15980:Hill 15812:Utah 15777:Ohio 15682:Iowa 15214:Navy 15209:Army 15181:Navy 15176:Army 14291:Army 14255:and 14253:Sauk 13847:Ford 13777:Beal 13717:Gray 13647:West 13582:Pace 13577:Gray 13384:Dana 13324:Dern 13314:Good 13269:Root 13189:Holt 13144:Bell 13134:Cass 13069:Knox 13031:and 12987:Reed 12937:Nunn 12864:Page 12794:Gwin 12729:Tait 12687:Reed 12577:Cass 12353:Reed 12318:Lott 12273:Ames 12218:Reed 11386:ISBN 11273:2017 11235:2022 11206:OCLC 11196:ISBN 11173:OCLC 11154:OCLC 11135:OCLC 11041:2024 10970:2013 10449:ISSN 10386:OCLC 10376:ISBN 10355:OCLC 10345:ISBN 10328:OCLC 10318:ISBN 10301:OCLC 10291:ISBN 10270:OCLC 10260:ISBN 10239:OCLC 10229:ISBN 10206:OCLC 10185:OCLC 10175:ISBN 10154:OCLC 10144:ISBN 10120:OCLC 10110:ISBN 10089:OCLC 10079:ISBN 10056:OCLC 10046:ISBN 10025:OCLC 10015:ISBN 9994:OCLC 9973:OCLC 9963:ISBN 9935:ISBN 9918:OCLC 9908:ISBN 9876:OCLC 9866:ISBN 9845:OCLC 9835:ISBN 9814:OCLC 9779:OCLC 9769:ISBN 9752:OCLC 9742:ISBN 9719:OCLC 9709:ISBN 9688:OCLC 9678:ISBN 9657:OCLC 9647:ISBN 9626:OCLC 9616:ISBN 9593:ISBN 9572:OCLC 9562:ISBN 9541:OCLC 9531:ISBN 9510:OCLC 9500:ISBN 9479:OCLC 9469:ISBN 9448:OCLC 9438:ISBN 9417:OCLC 9407:ISBN 9386:OCLC 9376:ISBN 9355:OCLC 9345:ISBN 9324:OCLC 9314:ISBN 9293:OCLC 9283:ISBN 9262:OCLC 9252:ISBN 9231:OCLC 9204:OCLC 9194:ISBN 9173:OCLC 9163:ISBN 9142:OCLC 9132:ISBN 9111:OCLC 9101:ISBN 9080:OCLC 9070:ISBN 9049:OCLC 9039:ISBN 9018:OCLC 9008:ISBN 8987:OCLC 8977:ISBN 8956:OCLC 8946:ISBN 8925:OCLC 8915:ISBN 8894:OCLC 8884:ISBN 8863:OCLC 8844:OCLC 8834:ISBN 8813:OCLC 8803:ISBN 8782:OCLC 8772:ISBN 3389:and 3274:OCLC 3264:ISBN 3012:OCLC 2994:OCLC 2976:OCLC 2958:OCLC 2837:The 2777:race 2536:The 2451:and 2400:for 2262:and 2156:and 1971:1863 1825:and 1817:and 1809:and 1793:1862 1726:1861 1423:and 1359:and 943:and 920:and 582:Unit 556:Rank 354:Died 330:Born 16218:Ord 16005:Lee 13925:of 13399:Doe 11935:of 11555:at 11541:at 11532:at 11517:at 11493:at 10859:doi 10834:101 10800:doi 10735:doi 10643:doi 10614:doi 10585:doi 10544:doi 10515:doi 10486:doi 10441:doi 10437:109 8299:1–5 7979:101 5041:356 3126:150 3087:150 3071:149 3055:145 3039:143 2841:in 2754:by 2594:by 2408:at 1963:at 1928:at 1841:at 1674:in 1563:in 1478:by 1383:of 1273:of 1224:". 1181:by 998:in 947:in 888:in 880:in 636:WIA 273:'s 17639:: 11577:. 11380:. 11250:. 11246:. 11225:. 11221:. 11204:. 11092:. 11052:. 11032:. 10996:. 10980:. 10944:. 10903:. 10865:. 10855:43 10853:. 10832:. 10814:. 10806:. 10794:. 10790:. 10768:12 10766:. 10749:. 10741:. 10729:. 10710:34 10708:. 10689:24 10687:. 10668:23 10666:. 10649:. 10639:26 10637:. 10620:. 10610:65 10608:. 10591:. 10581:79 10579:. 10558:. 10550:. 10540:45 10538:. 10521:. 10511:65 10509:. 10492:. 10482:90 10480:. 10463:. 10455:. 10447:. 10435:. 10431:. 10414:. 10410:. 10384:. 10353:. 10326:. 10299:. 10268:. 10237:. 10183:. 10152:. 10118:. 10087:. 10073:. 10054:. 10023:. 9971:. 9916:. 9894:; 9890:; 9874:. 9843:. 9777:. 9750:. 9717:. 9686:. 9655:. 9624:. 9570:. 9539:. 9508:. 9477:. 9446:. 9415:. 9384:. 9353:. 9322:. 9291:. 9260:. 9202:. 9171:. 9140:. 9109:. 9078:. 9047:. 9016:. 8985:. 8954:. 8923:. 8892:. 8842:. 8811:. 8780:. 8345:; 8341:, 8301:; 7807:^ 7500:^ 7371:^ 7212:27 7182:; 7164:36 7162:, 7160:33 6952:^ 6531:^ 6492:^ 6033:^ 5222:^ 5195:^ 5144:^ 4401:13 4341:^ 4046:^ 3595:^ 3422:, 3418:, 3410:, 3406:, 3385:, 3381:, 3377:, 3369:, 3365:, 3361:, 3311:.) 3272:. 3227:. 3188:, 3184:, 3180:, 3176:, 3172:, 3168:, 3164:, 3160:, 3156:, 3124:. 3120:. 3085:. 3081:. 3069:. 3065:. 3053:. 3049:. 3037:. 3033:. 2935:c. 2921:. 2797:c. 2726:. 2600:c. 2502:c. 2447:, 2068:c. 1952:. 1944:. 1920:. 1857:. 1829:, 1801:, 1789:. 1710:, 1706:, 1664:c. 1588:, 1584:, 1443:. 1412:. 1367:. 1283:c. 1187:c. 1115:. 1038:. 1020:c. 959:. 836:. 786:. 450:m. 430:m. 54:c. 52:, 17542:: 17466:: 14813:e 14806:t 14799:v 14551:) 14547:( 14105:e 14098:t 14091:v 13915:e 13908:t 13901:v 13021:e 13014:t 13007:v 12507:e 12500:t 12493:v 12181:e 12174:t 12167:v 11925:e 11918:t 11911:v 11583:. 11394:. 11275:. 11237:. 11212:. 11179:. 11160:. 11141:. 11043:. 10972:. 10873:. 10861:: 10844:. 10822:. 10802:: 10796:8 10778:. 10757:. 10737:: 10731:2 10720:. 10699:. 10678:. 10657:. 10645:: 10628:. 10616:: 10599:. 10587:: 10566:. 10546:: 10529:. 10517:: 10500:. 10488:: 10471:. 10443:: 10416:2 10392:. 10361:. 10334:. 10307:. 10276:. 10245:. 10212:. 10191:. 10160:. 10126:. 10095:. 10062:. 10031:. 10000:. 9979:. 9943:. 9924:. 9882:. 9851:. 9820:. 9785:. 9758:. 9725:. 9694:. 9663:. 9632:. 9601:. 9578:. 9547:. 9516:. 9485:. 9454:. 9423:. 9392:. 9361:. 9330:. 9299:. 9268:. 9237:. 9210:. 9179:. 9148:. 9117:. 9086:. 9055:. 9024:. 8993:. 8962:. 8931:. 8900:. 8869:. 8850:. 8819:. 8788:. 8741:. 8729:. 8705:. 8693:. 8681:. 8669:. 8645:. 8343:5 8339:2 8033:. 8005:. 7981:. 7925:. 7889:. 7270:. 7234:. 7232:7 7230:– 7228:6 7214:. 7186:. 7166:. 6947:. 6919:. 6526:. 6291:. 6043:. 5684:. 5190:. 5154:. 5043:. 4403:. 4288:. 4276:. 4264:. 4240:. 3665:. 3444:. 3393:. 3280:. 3231:. 3195:) 3097:. 3018:. 3000:. 2982:. 2964:. 2940:) 2806:) 2795:( 2605:) 2598:( 2066:( 1662:( 1281:( 1185:( 639:) 377:, 342:) 338:( 27:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index