334:
able to last more than a few months, because it will get no financial backing from the international community and will not be able to meet people's basic needs". Later, on 10 September 2005, Doré read a statement on behalf of FRAD in which he described Conté as "an obstacle to Guinea's development" and urged him to resign: "You are not what the country needs. You are sick. You must make the wise decision to leave now before others make it for you." Doré announced on 29 October 2005 that FRAD would participate in the
December 2005 municipal elections; while he stressed that "there are no guarantees of fair play", he said that FRAD would nevertheless "show the international community that we are committed to helping our country go forward".
476:
stand as a presidential candidate; his own statements on that possibility were unclear. Doré stressed that forming a government was difficult when he had to satisfy so many different elements and that it would "take some time". Speaking at a press conference on 2 February, he said that a rushed process would produce "an indigestible dish". He also explained that Konaté had told him to choose ministers who met "three criteria: competence, not being under international sanctions, and taking into account ethnic balance".
460:, who was acting as mediator. There was reportedly a split in the FFV regarding its choice, with political parties supporting Doré while the unions and civil society groups backed Diallo. Each candidate reportedly received 94 votes. Later, on 18 January, it was reported that the FFV had selected Doré as its sole candidate for the post of Prime Minister. The fact that Doré held a university degree was reportedly the deciding factor, although Diallo's union supporters were unhappy with the outcome.
1418:
325:
was easily re-elected, was sworn in for his new term on 19 January 2004, Doré said that it was "a sad day for
Guinean politics", and he observed that several important regional leaders were not present for the occasion. Doré expressed satisfaction with Conté's decision to dismiss Moussa Solano from the government on 1 March 2004, saying that Solano was "the greatest obstacle to true democracy in this country".
396:
Camara expressed concerns, but after Doré assured him that the rally would be held inside a stadium and there would be no "protest marches", he gave permission for the rally to be held. Later, on 27 September, the junta banned any demonstrations on 28 September; nevertheless, the FFV went forward with its plans, saying that it had received no official rejection of its request.
261:, the leader of one of Liberia's main armed factions. Following a UPG extraordinary congress, Doré held a press conference in late February 2001 in which he said that Conté and Taylor should act to facilitate peace by ceasing their mutual practice of giving shelter to the other's armed opponents. Doré called on Conté to disarm members of the anti-Taylor
377:, FFV), an opposition coalition that sought a quick transition to elections and civilian rule. During that period, Doré played an important part in the opposition's talks with the CNDD and was spokesman of the FFV; he was considered particularly suitable for talks with the CNDD because he and CNDD President
421:
around their necks. They were on drugs, and stank of alcohol. They demanded my cell phone, money, and jacket. Then they beat me on the head, hands, and shoulders. The two began to argue back and forth how they should kill me—one said, "Let's shoot him," and the other said, "No, let's cut his throat."
399:
On the morning of 28 September, other opposition leaders met at Doré's home before leaving to participate in the demonstration. Doré remained at home because Camara had sent a group of religious leaders to his home with a message for the opposition leaders, attempting to persuade them to call off the
324:
At a news conference on 18 November 2003, FRAD denounced Sampil for "turn this country into a police state" and demanded a delay in the election, vowing to disrupt it if it was held as planned in
December. On the same occasion, Doré thanked his supporters for their show of solidarity. When Conté, who
475:
The process of determining the composition of the new government proved time-consuming, as the various political elements struggled to obtain ministerial posts. Doré consequently faced some criticism for not acting quickly enough. Some also expressed concern regarding the possibility that Doré might
430:
Also on the evening of 28 September, while Doré was still at the clinic, his house was ransacked by soldiers, along with the homes of two other opposition leaders. Finding that Doré was not present, the soldiers looted the house of all its valuable possessions and vandalized it. Doré later said that
300:
On 21 October 2003, the government refused to allow broadcast of a statement from FRAD that accused the government of planning fraud, and it also announced, without the opposition's agreement, that the election would be held on 21 December. Doré reacted to the two decisions with outrage, saying that
296:
said that opposition activities could be covered in the state media, but Doré, acting as FRAD spokesman, stressed that nothing less than a "signed statement by the authorities" would suffice, and he observed that the government had ignored opposition demands for the creation of a new and independent
268:
Speaking in July 2001, Doré denounced the ruling party's campaign for a constitutional amendment that would allow
President Conté to run for another term and threatened to withdraw the UPG from a national dialogue if the ruling party continued the campaign. He also stressed the importance of holding
463:
On 19 January 2010, the junta announced its designation of Doré as Prime
Minister, while citing "his experience his knowledge of Guinean politics". He was to lead a 30-member government over the course of a six-month transitional period, which was to conclude with an election; Doré emphasized that
316:
spoke of putting him on trial for the offense of insulting the
President, but he was quickly released, apparently due to pressure from the West, after 21 hours in detention. Doré struck a defiant tone upon his release from prison: "This will not cower me into submission ... as a matter of fact I am
494:
won the presidential election in a controversial and hotly contested second round of voting, he took office as
President of Guinea on 21 December 2010. Doré then presented his government's resignation to Condé, who accepted it on 22 December. Condé offered warm praise for Doré's government, saying
467:
Doré was officially appointed as Prime
Minister on 21 January 2010. In the days that followed, two commissions—one representing the FFV and one representing the CNDD—were formed as part of negotiations between the two sides aimed at determining the composition of Doré's government. Doré officially
426:
Doré, while continuing to endure beatings from members of the
Presidential Guard, was taken to a car by Tiégboro and driven away, along with the other opposition leaders, who had also been beaten. They were first taken to a clinic, but then moved to the gendarme headquarters when another commander
404:
for the demonstration, he was unable to enter it due to the number of people who had gathered; thus he was not present with the other opposition leaders on the stadium's podium and could not reach them to deliver Camara's message. From his position outside the stadium, Doré watched as the soldiers
333:
As Conté's health was known to be failing, there was much speculation for years about what would happen upon his death. Doré stressed that the opposition parties needed to agree on a strategy for the post-Conté era. He also said that if the military took power after Conté's death, it would "not be
395:
Acting on behalf of the FFV, Doré met with CNDD President Camara on 19 September 2009 to explain the FFV's plans to hold a "peaceful rally" on 28 September. The rally was intended to demonstrate opposition to Camara's purported plans to stand as a presidential candidate in the planned elections.
342:
bulletins should be published" to keep them informed. Later in 2006, amidst negotiations concerning a planned parliamentary election in 2007, Doré reiterated that negotiations between the government and opposition were ultimately futile if an independent electoral commission was not established.
349:
backed by the opposition, Doré said that the people were outraged by Conté's "arrogant show of impunity" in releasing two of his friends from prison. He also emphasized that the people were "fed up with living in a country where nothing works even when there is not a general strike. People have
341:
for medical treatment in March 2006, Doré again called attention to the state of Conté's health, saying that there was a legal requirement for the
President to be sufficiently healthy to exercise his duties. He also said that the people deserved to know more about the situation and that "health
297:
electoral commission. At a meeting between FRAD and the government on 29 September 2003, there were initially tensions between Doré and government supporters, but the government agreed to establish two commissions to review opposition demands and FRAD in turn agreed to participate in dialogue.
358:
After nearly 25 years in power, Conté died on 23 December 2008. Speaking after the news was announced, Doré expressed sadness despite his opposition to Conté's policies. He stressed that "it is essential that the institutions function correctly and that the provisions of the constitution be
427:
threatened to kill them at the clinic. After a few hours, Doré and the other opposition leaders were taken to another clinic on Camara's orders. In the evening, a government delegation went to the clinic, apologized to the opposition leaders, and told them they were free to leave.
312:—a minor politician who was standing as Conté's only opponent in the election—as a calculated ploy, arguing that Barry was "planted by President Conté himself to show a semblance of democracy in the election." Doré was arrested later on the same day. Minister of Security
443:
then took his place in an acting capacity. Konaté said that the opposition could choose a new Prime Minister to serve in the period leading up to a new election. On 15 January 2010, the FFV proposed two candidates for the post, Doré and the key union leader
464:
the essential purpose of his government would be "to make the election a fair election". Doré's government was to be composed of ten ministers representing the opposition, ten representing the CNDD, and ten representing the various regions of Guinea.
422:
They spoke to me in French, but it was bad French. What saved me is that at that moment the gendarme Tiégboro arrived. They were getting ready to kill me, those ULIMO, but I was saved by Tiégboro, who told them, "Leave Mr. Doré."
405:
began to shoot the opposition supporters. According to Doré's account, he was then assaulted by five soldiers from the Presidential Guard, two of whom had been ULIMO fighters, and was nearly killed before Captain
276:, the UPG participated and won three seats; Doré was among those elected. However, the UPG contested the official results of the election, which showed it winning three seats, and boycotted the National Assembly.
1279:
308:
on 13 November 2003, Doré said that Conté's medical certificate, which cleared him to stand as a candidate despite his obviously failing health, was farcical. He also characterized the candidacy of
289:
479:
Doré's government, composed of 34 members, was eventually appointed on 15 February 2010. As planned, portfolios were allotted to members of both the CNDD and the FFV. The key junta officials
503:
345:
Doré was alone among major opposition leaders in boycotting the March 2006 National Consultation, which proposed various reforms and a political transition. In January 2007, amidst a
317:
now determined more than before to see an end to the regime of Conté. The Conté of today is not the Conté of 10 years ago. He has lost his energy to govern." In an interview with
1175:
987:
292:(FRAD), which grouped seven opposition parties. FRAD boycotted a dialogue that the government attempted to initiate in July 2003; later, in September 2003, Interior Minister
301:
the dialogue had been exposed as nothing but a pretense. Doré and the other major opposition leaders announced in early November 2003 that they would boycott the election.
406:
246:. On 7 December 1998, shortly before the 1998 election was held, he called for it to be delayed due to inadequate preparations. After the election, he was placed under
370:
401:
381:
were both native to the Forestière region. In contrast to his earlier rhetoric, it was observed that by that point he had adopted a more "level-headed" tone.
1575:
1110:
480:
309:
185:(UPG), was an opposition leader for years before being chosen to head a transitional government that was in place during the preparation and conduct of the
789:
677:
1384:
262:
767:
1570:
1267:
1199:
1129:
313:
321:, he said that he was held in "deplorable" conditions at a maximum security prison and that he "slept on an arm chair with suit and shoes still on".
655:
212:
Doré, an intellectual known for his "fiery rhetoric and a sometimes outlandish persona", was a radical opponent and vitriolic critic of President
293:
806:"Guinea: Opposition party boycotts parliament in protest over election results", Africa No. 1 radio, Libreville (nl.newsbank.com), 14 July 2002.
484:
366:
369:(CNDD) as the ruling junta. Together with other opposition parties, as well as civil society groups and trade unions, the UPG then formed the
1580:
1308:
1243:
740:"Guinea: Opposition leader criticizes constitution amendment campaign", Africa No. 1 radio, Libreville (nl.newsbank.com), 16 July 2001.
1585:
1377:
1255:
413:"I know they were ULIMO because they talked about how they had been looking for me a long time, because I had opposed them in
1291:
510:) in the National Assembly, Doré presided over the election of the President of the National Assembly on 13 January 2014.
273:
232:
1227:
1565:
1370:
285:
243:
224:
186:
17:
1393:
472:. He said on the occasion that he was "committed to leading Guinea toward free, credible and transparent elections".
250:
for a short period while votes were counted. The official results showed Doré placing fourth with 1.7% of the vote.
265:(ULIMO) who were in Guinea, saying that in doing so he would deny Taylor "a pretext for making trouble in Guinea".
182:
158:
223:
With his main support base among the minority ethnic groups of the Forestière region, Doré was a candidate in the
431:
he believed the attacks on the homes of the opposition leaders were intended "to kill us, ... to finish us off".
448:, telling Konaté to choose between them. Konaté's spokesman said that Doré and Diallo would need to travel to
360:
1342:
47:
495:
that it had done an excellent job of paving the way for a free and fair election and facilitating a largely
496:
227:; according to official results, he placed sixth with 0.9% of the vote. Subsequently he was elected to the
220:" on the political scene by some observers, Doré never participated in the government under Lansana Conté.
1187:
346:
305:
236:
228:
359:
respected" in the course of a peaceful transition. However, elements of the military seized power in a
716:
258:
254:
178:
1462:
409:, who was Minister at the Presidency for the Fight Against Drugs and Organized Crime, intervened:
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592:
1437:
1407:
202:
127:
445:
1560:
1555:
1472:
418:
318:
8:
1507:
1353:
572:
440:
390:
378:
209:, where he studied law. He emerged as an important opposition leader in the early 1990s.
99:
68:
1523:
1417:
1211:
1162:
1036:
1487:
457:
974:
962:
950:
938:
926:
914:
902:
890:
878:
863:
851:
839:
827:
815:
783:
728:
671:
1020:
695:
609:
557:
1497:
1482:
1457:
1442:
1335:
754:
707:"Guinea: Opposition wants presidential elections postponed", AFP, 8 December 1998.
469:
213:
87:
1021:"Bloody Monday: the September 28 massacre and rapes by security forces in Guinea"
1004:
717:"U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 1998 – Guinea"
1150:
536:
513:
Doré died in the early hours of 29 January 2016 in Conakry from natural causes.
1529:
1452:
491:
439:
Camara was shot and wounded during a leadership dispute in December 2009, and
75:
1549:
217:
1362:
1512:
453:
247:
181:
from January 2010 until December 2010. Doré, who was the president of the
449:
338:
487:
notably retained their portfolios (security and justice, respectively).
852:"Guinea: Conte faces virtually no opposition in presidential election"
593:"Guinea junta picks opponent as premier on path to civilian control"
1534:
560:, Crisis Group Africa Briefing, number 37, 11 April 2006, pages 5–6
506:, Doré was elected to the National Assembly. As the oldest deputy (
328:
1309:"Guinée : décès de l’ancien Premier ministre Jean-Marie Doré"
414:
147:
1176:"Guinea's Interim Prime Minister Wants New Government This Week"
963:"Guinea: Ailing president in Switzerland for medical treatment"
729:"Guinea: Opposition leader calls for end to Guinea-Liberia war"
206:
198:
174:
131:
1292:"Guinée: Claude Kory Kondiano, nouveau président du Parlement"
975:"Guinea: President flown to Switzerland for new medical check"
864:"Guinea: Opposition leader arrested following radio interview"
951:"Guinea: Opposition throws hat into ring for local elections"
468:
took office as Prime Minister on 26 January 2010, succeeding
816:"Guinea: Opposition rejects offer of access to state media"
279:
903:"Guinea: Ailing Conte is sworn in for another seven term"
641:
Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich, and Bernhard Thibaut,
879:"Guinea: Outspoken opposition leader released from jail"
828:"Guinea: Opposition to resume dialogue with government"
1151:"Guinea junta 'names civilian Dore as prime minister'"
939:"Guinea: Opposition calls for president's resignation"
719:, United States Department of State, 26 February 1999.
1244:"Government wrangling delays Guinea power transition"
1037:"Guinea's Camara to stay abroad, two proposed for PM"
627:(6th edition, 2005), ed. Bogdan Szajkowski, page 275.
272:
Although most of the opposition chose to boycott the
840:"Guinea: Presidential elections set for 21 December"
1228:"Amid worry, Guinea begins transition to democracy"
1212:"Guinea says wants some proceeds from UC Rusal IPO"
1188:"Guinea junta officially names Dore prime minister"
1111:"Guinea seeks new prime minister after crisis deal"
1053:"After massacre, Guinea sees hope of lifted chains"
891:"Guinea: Opposition hits back at security minister"
263:
United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy
452:for talks with Konaté, the recovering Camara, and
1268:"Guinea appoints transition government: official"
1547:
915:"GUINEA: Conte sacks economic team in reshuffle"
788:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
676:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
658:. Archived from the original on 29 December 2001
329:Activities during Conté's last years (2005–2008)
1294:, Radio France Internationale, 13 January 2014
768:"List of deputies at National Assembly website"
645:(1999), Oxford University Press, pages 455–457.
239:. He was the only UPG candidate to win a seat.
192:
770:. Archived from the original on 6 January 2004
367:National Council for Democracy and Development
1392:
1378:
1280:"Guinea's transitional government steps down"
1163:"Guinea opposition picks activist for PM job"
1023:, Human Rights Watch, December 2009, page 19.
1576:Union for the Progress of Guinea politicians
1238:
1236:
1005:"Soldiers attempt coup after president dies"
874:
872:
400:demonstration. By the time Doré reached the
27:20th and 21st-century Guinean Prime Minister
242:Doré ran again as the UPG candidate in the
60:26 January 2010 – 24 December 2010
1385:
1371:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1100:"Bloody Monday", pages 66–67 and note 149.
384:
1571:Members of the National Assembly (Guinea)
1233:
1200:"Commissions negotiate Guinea government"
1047:
1045:
988:"Soldiers open fire on Guinea protesters"
869:
237:national list proportional representation
1226:Boubacar Diallo and Rukmini Callimachi,
1222:
1220:
537:"Possible candidates for Guinean PM job"
205:, Doré received his higher education in
1130:"Guinea chooses interim prime minister"
1116:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1031:
1029:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
280:FRAD and the 2003 presidential election
173:(12 June 1938 – 29 January 2016) was a
14:
1548:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1042:
750:
748:
746:
696:"Guinea: Tight security for elections"
637:
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587:
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527:
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290:Republican Front for Democratic Change
1366:
1217:
568:
566:
504:September 2013 parliamentary election
1230:, Associated Press, 26 January 2010.
1080:
1026:
643:Elections in Africa: A Data Handbook
620:
618:
542:
353:
1135:
743:
656:"List of parliamentary commissions"
630:
578:
522:
286:December 2003 presidential election
244:December 1998 presidential election
24:
1256:"We will not be rushed, says Dore"
573:"Who is new Guinean premier Dore?"
563:
25:
1597:
615:
257:, Doré expressed friendship with
1586:21st-century Guinean politicians
1416:
612:, Writenet, August 2003, page 4.
610:"Guinea: Early Warning Analysis"
288:, Doré was the spokesman of the
274:June 2002 parliamentary election
183:Union for the Progress of Guinea
159:Union for the Progress of Guinea
1301:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1205:
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896:
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857:
845:
833:
821:
809:
800:
760:
734:
722:
710:
701:
365:within hours, establishing the
927:"Guinea: Politics and Economy"
689:
648:
625:Political Parties of the World
602:
269:a new parliamentary election.
13:
1:
1091:"Bloody Monday", pages 44–46.
1068:"Bloody Monday", pages 21–22.
516:
434:
1581:People from Nzérékoré Region
1258:, Sapa-AFP, 3 February 2010.
1178:, VOA News, 20 January 2010.
1153:, BBC News, 19 January 2010.
682:, National Assembly website
599:, 20 January 2010, page A10.
193:Political career under Conté
7:
1468:vacant, April–December 2004
1246:, Reuters, 3 February 2010.
1242:Saliou Samb and Mark John,
1214:, Reuters, 26 January 2010.
1190:, Reuters, 21 January 2010.
1165:, Reuters, 18 January 2010.
1059:, 3 February 2010, page A1.
1039:, Reuters, 15 January 2010.
575:, Reuters, 19 January 2010.
539:, Reuters, 14 January 2010.
306:Radio France Internationale
233:1995 parliamentary election
10:
1602:
941:, IRIN, 12 September 2005.
830:, IRIN, 30 September 2003.
818:, IRIN, 26 September 2003.
497:peaceful transfer of power
388:
255:1990s civil war in Liberia
225:1993 presidential election
187:2010 presidential election
1566:Prime ministers of Guinea
1425:
1414:
1400:
1394:Prime ministers of Guinea
1349:
1340:
1332:
1327:
1077:"Bloody Monday", page 25.
893:, IRIN, 19 November 2003.
881:, IRIN, 17 November 2003.
866:, IRIN, 13 November 2003.
854:, IRIN, 12 November 2003.
731:, IRIN, 26 February 2001.
698:, IRIN, 14 December 1998.
235:, winning a seat through
164:
154:
137:
114:
109:
105:
93:
81:
64:
53:
45:
41:
34:
1343:Prime Minister of Guinea
1282:, AFP, 22 December 2010.
1270:, AFP, 15 February 2010.
953:, IRIN, 31 October 2005.
929:, IRIN, 10 January 2005.
905:, IRIN, 20 January 2004.
842:, IRIN, 22 October 2003.
179:prime minister of Guinea
48:Prime Minister of Guinea
1448:post abolished, 1984–96
1433:post abolished, 1958–72
1202:, AFP, 25 January 2010.
1132:, AFP, 18 January 2010.
1113:, AFP, 16 January 2010.
977:, IRIN, 11 August 2006.
385:September 2009 violence
177:politician who was the
965:, IRIN, 20 March 2006.
558:"Guinea in Transition"
407:Moussa Tiégboro Camara
375:Forum des Forces Vives
371:Forum of Active Forces
917:, IRIN, 2 March 2004.
755:Page on 2002 election
446:Rabiatou Serah Diallo
304:In an interview with
284:In the run-up to the
1035:Mathieu Bonkoungou,
402:28 September Stadium
1354:Mohamed Said Fofana
1109:Romaric Ollo Hien,
1011:, 24 December 2008.
481:Mamadou Toto Camara
391:2009 Guinea protest
379:Moussa Dadis Camara
337:When Conté went to
310:Mamadou Bhoye Barry
100:Mohamed Said Fofana
1328:Political offices
1315:, 29 January 2016
1057:The New York Times
994:, 23 January 2007.
986:Alex Duval Smith,
597:The New York Times
350:nothing to lose."
1543:
1542:
1408:Ahmed Sékou Touré
1361:
1360:
1350:Succeeded by
1307:Claire Rainfroy,
1003:Victor Omoregie,
354:Events since 2008
229:National Assembly
203:Forestière region
168:
167:
128:Guinée forestière
73:
16:(Redirected from
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1420:
1387:
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1333:Preceded by
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314:Aboubacar Sampil
216:. Considered a "
144:
124:
122:
110:Personal details
96:
84:
71:
58:
32:
31:
21:
1601:
1600:
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1539:
1478:vacant, 2006–07
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1174:Ricci Shryock,
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1051:Adam Nossiter,
1050:
1043:
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1019:
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992:The Independent
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458:Blaise Compaoré
437:
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171:Jean-Marie Doré
155:Political party
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141:29 January 2016
126:
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36:Jean-Marie Doré
28:
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18:Jean Marie Doré
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441:Sékouba Konaté
436:
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389:Main article:
386:
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347:general strike
330:
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281:
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259:Charles Taylor
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69:Sékouba Konaté
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1336:Kabiné Komara
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1313:Jeune Afrique
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535:Saliou Samb,
532:
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470:Kabiné Komara
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214:Lansana Conté
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88:Kabiné Komara
86:
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52:
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44:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1522:
1518:I. K. Fofana
1508:M. S. Fofana
1502:
1477:
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835:
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811:
802:
772:. Retrieved
762:
736:
724:
712:
703:
691:
660:. Retrieved
650:
642:
624:
608:Paul Melly,
604:
596:
512:
507:
501:
489:
485:Siba Lolamou
478:
474:
466:
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438:
429:
425:
417:. They wore
398:
394:
374:
361:
357:
344:
336:
332:
323:
303:
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283:
271:
267:
252:
248:house arrest
241:
222:
211:
201:in Guinea's
197:A native of
196:
170:
169:
143:(2016-01-29)
125:12 June 1938
95:Succeeded by
55:
29:
1561:2016 deaths
1556:1938 births
1453:Sidya Touré
1426:Independent
1317:(in French)
1296:(in French)
795:(in French)
684:(in French)
508:doyen d’âge
492:Alpha Condé
450:Ouagadougou
362:coup d'état
339:Switzerland
253:During the
83:Preceded by
76:Alpha Condé
1550:Categories
774:25 January
517:References
456:President
435:Transition
121:1938-06-12
454:Burkinabé
419:gris-gris
65:President
56:In office
1535:Bah Oury
1524:Béavogui
1438:Beavogui
1401:Colonial
1009:Vanguard
784:cite web
672:cite web
662:20 April
150:, Guinea
72:(Acting)
1488:Kouyaté
502:In the
415:Liberia
231:in the
175:Guinean
148:Conakry
1530:Goumou
1498:Komara
1493:Souaré
1483:Camara
1473:Diallo
1458:Sidimé
1443:Traoré
490:After
218:gadfly
207:France
199:Bossou
132:Guinea
1513:Youla
1347:2010
46:11th
1503:Doré
1463:Fall
790:link
776:2010
678:link
664:2017
483:and
319:IRIN
138:Died
115:Born
1552::
1311:,
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119:(
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