Japan Socialist Party

1250: 76: 1155:. Eda and his allies viewed these protests as having been an unalloyed success in having allowed the JSP to play a leading role in fomenting a mass movement. Eda's "structural reform" platform called for a combination of parliamentary pressure tactics and Anpo-style extra-parliamentary mass movements that would gradually move Japan toward socialism by forcing the government into a series of piecemeal concessions. Above all, Eda and his fellow structural reformers hoped to broaden the base of the JSP beyond a hard core of labor unionists, leftist student activists, and Marxist intellectuals to encompass people from many walks of life, in order to dramatically increase the party's potential supporters at the polls. 2827: 1539:

organized. The All-Japan Famers' Union federated with this organization and formed the General Federation of Farmers' Union after Hirano joined the Right JSP. A sample of 48 Left JSP and 33 Right JSP candidates in 1955 showed that 31 Left JSP candidates had farmer union support compared to 7 Right JSP candidates. The All-Japan Farmers' Union, New Village Construction Group, a rump faction of the Independence Group unified into the National Japan Farmers' Union in 1958. Another schism occurred as supporters of Nishio left to form the All-Japan Farmers' Federation aligned with the DSP.

2671: 1096:, had attempted to expel Nishio at the 1959 convention, but it failed in the Steering Committee. Nishio attacked the left-wing for serving Sōhyō. The Association for Party Reconstruction, which called for "democratic socialism" that received support from "the whole nation, not merely the labor unions and farmers' organizations", held a convention attended by 300 right-wing leaders and 28 Diet members. The Socialist Club, under the leadership of Nishio, had 12 members in the House of Councillors and 21 in the House of Representatives. This organization broke away to form the 2903: 1836: 287: 509: 2763: 730: 2330: 2220: 1531:

the union to break away into League for Revivifying the Japan Farmers' Union (later renamed to the All-Japan Farmers' Union) after continued disputes with the left-wing and communists at the union's 1947 convention. 31 of the 143 seats won by the JSP in the 1947 election were held by officers of the Japan Farmers' Union and an additional 8 were held by members of Hirano's union. Nomizo attempted to become Minister of Agriculture after Hirano's dismissal, but the right-wing successfully opposed him.

1819: 2886: 2275: 2392: 1301:, winning 136 seats and 24.4 percent of the vote. Some electoral districts had more than one successful socialist candidate. Doi's decision to put up more than one candidate for each of the 130 districts represented a controversial break with the past because unlike their LDP counterparts many party candidates did not want to run against each other; however, the great majority of the 149 socialist candidates who ran were successful, including seven of eight women. 1168:

Party Congress in November 1962, the left-wing of the JSP revolted, and succeeded in persuading a majority of party members present to adopt an "Eda Vision Criticism Resolution" that renounced the "Eda Vision" as antithetical to core party principles. Eda was forced to resign his position as Secretary General, and thereafter the party returned to a more dogmatically Marxist platform which emphasized the urban working classes as the party's main political base.

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government. Unification negotiation committees met in April and the platform it created was accepted by a united convention on 13 October. Suzuki was appointed as chairman and Asanuma as Secretary General. The Central Executive Committee and Control Commission was divided equally between the two factions. The left-wing gained a 22 to 18 seat majority on the Central Executive Committee at the 1957 convention.

3961: 3914: 3867: 3820: 3773: 3762: 3726: 3679: 3632: 3585: 3538: 3491: 3444: 3397: 3350: 3299: 1159:'socialism' is that which allows human potential to blossom to its fullest extent. The main four accomplishments that humankind has achieved so far are America's high standard of living, the Soviet Union's thoroughgoing social welfare system, England's parliamentary democracy, and Japan's peace constitution. I believe that if we can integrate these, we can give birth to a broad-based socialism." 1330:, he claimed that because they had been established through legal procedures, they had a legitimate status (this phrasing was changed a year later to say that the Self-Defense Forces exist legally). Ishibashi also broke past precedent by visiting Washington to talk with United States political leaders. By the end of the decade, the party had accepted the Self-Defense Forces and the 1960 608:(JCP), unbanned and its leaders freed from prison in October 1945, asked the JSP to form a common political front of Japan's democratic parties. The JSP declined stating that neither had formally established their parties or policies yet. The JSP believed that the coalition would aid the party, but did not believe that the JSP was organized enough to maintain control over it. 1506: 5212: 5768: 5860: 5702: 1629:, supported by the right-wing, were in the 1955 platform. In the 1950s the party supported a five-year plan to socialize the electricity, coal, iron and steel, chemical fertilizer, transportation, and cement industries. The party supported a minimum wage of ¥15000 (equivalent to ¥81,025 in 2019) in 1961. 1334:. It advocated strict limitations on military spending (no more than 1 percent of GNP annually), a suspension of joint military exercises with United States forces, and a reaffirmation of the three non-nuclear principles (no production, possession, or introduction of nuclear weapons into Japanese territory). 1119:, during a televised election debate on 12 October 1960. Asanuma had been a charismatic figure who had been able to hold the antagonistic left and right factions of the party together through the force of his personality. Asanuma's untimely death deprived the party of his adroit leadership, and thrust 1167:

left-wing factions in the JSP, who had already chafed against the moderate tone of Eda's "structural reform" platform. In particular, they could not accept praise of what they viewed as the "imperialist" United States and Great Britain, and the "deviationist" and "Stalinist" Soviet Union. At the 22nd

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In an effort to build popular support for his reform program, Eda announced his "New Vision of Socialism", better known by its nickname, the "Eda Vision", in July 1962. Eda declared that "ocialism must be defined in sunny and cheerful terms that are easily understandable to the masses. I believe that

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The Japan Farmers' Union was officially not aligned with any party, but its leadership were members of the JSP. Five the union's seven executive members were elected to the Diet, including Kuroda and Nomizo. Rikizō Hirano, the Minister of Agriculture and aligned with the JSP's right-wing, led 15% of

1056:

were called. The Left and Right Socialists, faced with Hatoyama's popularity, adopted the same platform. The two groups held conventions on 18 January 1955, in which they called to reunify after the election. The combined Socialist seat total, 156, was greater than their seat total during Katayama's

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By the time of the 1950 convention the party's factions formed two youth leagues. The left-wing controlled the official Youth Department while the right-wing formed the Independent Youth League. The Youth Department, which held its convention before the party's, demanded the expulsion of all members

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The JSP initially selected a limited amount of candidates for the 1946 elections. However, the party drastically increased its candidate amount after the Purge Directive, issued on 4 January 1946, greatly reduced the membership of right-wing parties. Conservatives attempted to form a government with

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resulted in the amount of unions falling by 5,500 and union membership falling by 880,000 in 1949 alone. Sōhyō's membership fell to below 47,000 in this period, but grew to 3.7 million by 1962. Sōhyō had three major factions during the JSP's split in the 1950s. The left-wing Worker Comrades Society

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said at a press conference, "If the Japan Socialist Party were ever to make Eda its Chairman again, a general election would be terrifying. They would drastically expand their seats in the Diet." Eda could never overcome the undying animosity his "Eda Vision" had won him from his party's left-wing.

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to pull its support for the party. The three groups reunited on 3 April, after three months of negation. The position of chairman was left vacant, but Asanuma was made Secretary General. The Central Executive Committee was divided between fifteen left-wingers, nine right-wingers, and six centrists.

1534:

In the face of rising communist influence in the union JSP members formed the League for the Establishment of Independence in 1948, while Kuroda and the communists formed the Unity Discussion Group. The union broke apart into the Independence Group and Unity Group as these two groups held separate

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Doi, a university professor of constitutional law before entering politics, had a tough, straight-talking manner that appealed to voters tired of the evasiveness of other politicians. Many women found her a refreshing alternative to submissive female stereotypes and in the late 1980s the public at

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In 1976, Eda lost his reelection bid and was booted from the Diet. Blaming his loss on his party's dogmatic, doctrinaire Marxism and desperate for reform, he attempted to resign from the JSP but the party refused to accept his resignation and voted to expel him instead. The following year, Eda and

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into the leadership role instead. Eda was hastily named "Acting Chairman" of the JSP and became the party's leader and candidate to become prime minister of Japan should the party triumph in the election. A centrist, Eda rapidly took the party in a more centrist direction, far faster than the left

1207:

continued his efforts to reform the party and expand its base. Eda ran numerous times for the post of party chairman, but was unsuccessful, although he did serve a second stint as Secretary General from 1968 to 1970. Nevertheless, Eda remained popular among the broader Japanese public and in the

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The "Eda Vision" of a more moderate form of socialism was received enthusiastically in the mainstream Japanese press, and polled well in public opinion polls. However, it did not lead to any significant expansion of party membership; in 1961, the JSP made a push to increase its membership to over

673:

In the period immediately following the end of World War II, the JSP had played a key role in the drafting of the new Japanese constitution, adding progressive articles related to issues such as health, welfare and working conditions. Unfortunately for the JSP and the broader Japanese left in the

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The party's 1949 convention was postponed until after the year's election. The party leadership, including multiple members of the Central Executive Committee, resigned following the party's defeat. The party's right-wing wanted to rename the organization to the Social Democratic Party while the

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emerged as a "peace movement" and was largely led by the JSP. Suzuki stated that he wanted Japan to follow Yugoslavia's brand of neutrality rather than Austria's. The left-wing participated in anti-American military base protests in 1953, while the right-wing did not. The party was critical of

1309:); however, Doi's popularity was of limited aid to the party, as the powerful Shakaishugi Kyokai (Japan Socialist Association), which was supported by a contingent of the party's 76,000-strong membership, remained committed to orthodox Marxism, impeding Doi's efforts to promote what she called 6444:

It is no accident that Japanese radical liberalism and democratic socialism were both closely connected in their beginnings with the Christian movement in Japan. The first Japanese Socialist Party was born in an Americansponsored Christian church in Tokyo, and the majority of its members were

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New agrarian groups were formed after the JSP broke apart into the Left and Right parties. The Independence Group was aligned with the Left JSP. The Right JSP had the New Village Construction Group of the Japan Farmers' Union, but it never held a convention during its existence and was poorly

824:

The Left Socialists selected Suzuki as chairman and Masaru Nomizo as Secretary General while the Right Socialists selected Asanuma as Secretary General and left the position of chairman vacant. At the time of the schism the JSP's House of Representatives membership was divided into 30 Right

698:, the country's business conglomerates, to land reform, to the ousting of nationalist figures in government. Apart from reversing early steps taken towards implementing these policies, the U.S. occupation government oversaw and assisted in the purging of almost 30,000 workers deemed to be " 4868: 820:

after seventeen hours. In the Diet the left-wing voted against both treaties while the right-wing opposed the peace treaty and supported the security treaty. The party remained united at the prefecture level until the final prefecture division in 1953.

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In some regions, the party continued to perform well at the local level and by the 1970s many areas were run by JSP (or JSP-backed) mayors and governors, who supported environmental protection initiatives and introduced new social welfare programs.

1187:, began to eat away at the JSP's urban working class base. The Socialists slipped in the polls in the 1967 election, lost more ground in the 1968 Upper House election, and suffered a crushing repudiation in 1969, when they lost 51 seats in the 783:

against Katayama. The left-wing held greater control over the convention than in the previous year, holding almost all of the committee chairmanships. Katayama declined to run for reelection and the right-wing walked out of the convention.

639:. Katayama was the first socialist to lead Japan. Katayama's coalition fell in February 1948, in large part due to inexperience and subsequent poor performance in leading the government. A new cabinet was formed under the leadership of 6489:... of the debate is the left/liberal "peace movement" currently led by Japanese academics, including legal scholars, and more recently by students, but which until the end of the Cold War was spearheaded by the Japan Socialist Party. 849:

the Left Socialists rose from 30 to 41 seats while the Right Socialists declined from 30 to 26 seats. The Right Socialists attempted to form a coalition with the Left Socialists, Kaishintō, and disaffected Liberals. This failed as

1522:, whose rights Matsumoto advocated for. The JSP consistently received around 10-20% of the female vote. In 1957, women were estimated to account for 10% of the JSP's membership and the party had eleven female members in the Diet. 787:

Members of the Diet who were not aligned with either faction formed the Unification Discussion Group. The two factions held separate conventions, but worked together in the Diet due to spring labor disputes and threats from the

6261:... Confederation) and Zenrokyo (the National Labor Union Consultative Council), were also formed, representing unions associated with the Japan Communist Party and a far-left faction of the Japan Socialist Party, respectively. 4910: 1365:

at its April 1990 convention and described its goal as social democracy, the creation of a society in which "all people fairly enjoy the fruits of technological advancement and modern civilization and receive the benefits of

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In 1953, Yoshida lost a vote of no confidence to the socialists and conservatives after disaffected Liberals abstained and new elections were called. The Left Socialists overtook the Right Socialists in seat count in the

430:, which allowed the party to near-continuously hold power since. The JSP was the largest opposition party but was incapable of forming government. Nonetheless, the JSP managed to hold about one third of the seats in the 5246:

By late 1947 and early 1948, the emergence of an economic crisis in Japan alongside concerns about the spread of communism sparked a reconsideration of occupation policies. This period is sometimes called the 'reverse

1407:. Like other parties, it sold large blocks of fund-raising party tickets and the LDP even gave individual party Diet members funds from time to time to persuade them to cooperate in passing difficult legislation. 6211:

After the merger of the conservative and center-left camp in 1955, and the formation of the conservative LDP and the center-left JSP (Japan Socialist Party), the LDP upheld the position of the ruling party until

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was the right-wing candidate for Secretary General. Asanuma defeated Suzuki in the nominating committee's vote with 31 to 30, but lost the convention vote 390 to 261. Katayama was reelected as chairman.

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in October 1948, showed that 40% of unionized workers supported the JSP, but 18% of non-unionized workers supported them. These figures was 39% and 28% respectively in 1949, and 37% and 26% in 1950.

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as party chair, making her the first woman to ever lead a Japanese political party. Doi was popular with the Japanese public led the JSP to an electoral comeback with an impressive showing in the

1293:, the JSP's seats in the lower house fell from 112 to a new all-time low of 85 and its share of the popular vote dropped from 19.5 percent to 17.2 percent. This defeat led the party to elect 1518:

Nomizo and his faction were affiliated with agricultural workers and unions. Their power in the JSP waned after land reforms in the 1950s. Matsumoto and his faction found support among the

670:

to form a united opposition of the JSP, JCP, and Labourers and Farmers against Yoshida's government. JSP members who left to form the Labourers and Farmers Party were readmitted in 1957.

445:

earned a record-high number of seats. However, the establishment and electoral success of new conservative parties in the mid-1990s took the JSP by surprise and its share of seats in the

1621:

The JSP's foundation program in 1945 was three sentences long and stated that the party was "the national rally of the laboring strata". This program was maintained until 1955. Both

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trade union federation, together with the JSP. In 1994, the JSP and the New Sakigake Party decided to leave the non-LDP coalition. The minority Hata cabinet lasted only a few weeks.

1354: 858:, the Kaishintō leader, as prime minister. Yoshida became prime minister again after two ballots and Kaishintō announced that it would end its partnership with the socialists. 6962: 6691: 5899: 1124:

socialists were ready to accept. This led to growing infighting within the party, and drastically damaged its ability to present a cohesive message to the public.

1547:

Sōhyō, the largest labor federation in Japan, was aligned with the JSP's left-wing while the National Railway Workers' Union was aligned with the right-wing. The

1403:) in 1989. Because of declining union financial support during the 1980s, some party Diet members turned to dubious fund-raising methods. One was involved in the 1171:

Thereafter, a younger generation of reform-minded activists became disillusioned and began to drift away from the party. At the same time, the emergence of the "

1111:. The photo was taken directly after Yamaguchi stabbed Asanuma and is here seen attempting a second stab, although he was restrained before that could happen. 5790: 766:

left-wing wanted to retain its name, which was approved. The left-wing wanted the entire right-wing leadership to resign, Katayama retained as chairman, and

1486:, who was leader of the party from 1993 to 1996. Most of the other parties from the anti-LDP coalition, now forced back into opposition, united to form the 1357:(1965). In domestic policy, the party demanded the continued protection of agriculture and small business in the face of foreign pressure, abolition of the 1361:

and an end to the construction and use of nuclear power reactors. As a symbolic gesture to reflect its new moderation, the party dropped its commitment to

1163:

100,000 within the next three years, but only 363 members were added over the next six months. Moreover, the "Eda Vision" was the final straw for the more

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announced their intention to form a new party on 5 September 1945. This organization was officially formed on November 2. It was given the Japanese name

1076:. The JSP was harmed as the JCP, which had strategically withdrawn its candidates in other elections, declined to do so in the 1958 and 1959 elections. 476:, who was originally elected to the House of Representatives as a member of the JSP, eventually became an LDP Prime Minister after leaving the party. 177: 6982: 658:'s JSP faction in the Diet were expelled after voting against the budget during Ashida's tenure. Kuroda and his supporters broke away and formed the 596:

and Nishio was elected General Secretary. Nishio, Mizutani, and other inaugural committee members were appointed to the party's executive committee.

651:. Nishio, who was involved in the corruption scandal and arrested, was expelled from the JSP, but later readmitted into the right-wing JSP in 1952. 616:

so that the JSP could establish itself as the leader. The JSP's Central Executive Committee voted to end negotiations with the JCP on 14 July 1946.

5931: 1748:, with the right-wing supported Hungary and the left-wing supporting the Soviet Union, before a compromise was made stating that "the subsequent 6987: 655: 6957: 6684: 1305:

large in opinion polls voted her their favorite politician (the runner-up in these surveys was equally tough-talking conservative LDP member

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and liberalization were somewhat taken advantage of by reactionary forces, the armed intervention of the Soviet Union cannot be condoned".

694:

felt the need to revise its previously conciliatory stance towards the kinds of policies pursued by Japanese leftists, from the breakup of

7002: 6942: 4662: 4624: 4586: 4550: 4513: 4476: 4439: 4403: 4367: 4331: 4293: 4257: 4219: 4181: 4143: 4105: 4072: 1491: 1282: 1065: 846: 801: 384: 6952: 6947: 5844: 1556:'s leadership, and right-wing Democratic Labor Movement Study Group. The Democratic Labor Movement Study Group broke away to form the 6932: 6677: 1069: 17: 825:

Socialists and 16 Left Socialists. Their seat totals rose to 57 for the Right Socialists and 54 for the Left Socialists after the

6888: 6401: 3994: 1462: 1230: 1683: 1327: 31: 4819:

Generally speaking, the LDP is a conservative party spanning the right-wing, while the JSP was a left-wing, progressive party.

6992: 6927: 5974: 4959: 4842: 4837:. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series (2nd ed.). The Scarecrow Press. p. 186. 1615: 548: 631:. The JSP became the largest party in the election with 143 seats. It formed a coalition government under Katayama with the 1393:, the party remained the representative of Sohyo's political interests until the merger with private-sector unions and the 560: 647:

and he resigned after eight months due to a corruption scandal. A caretaker government was formed under the leadership of

7012: 6967: 5099:"The Origin of One Party Domination: America's Reverse Course and the Emergence of the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan" 3000: 1143:

and his related "Eda Vision" of socialism. The "structural reform" platform drew inspiration from the recently concluded

5909: 6882: 6620: 4707: 3986: 2293: 1943: 1458: 1097: 789: 534: 302: 1383:), the public-sector workers' confederation, few efforts were made to attract non-union constituencies. Although some 674:

immediate postwar era, their time in power coincided with a change in U.S. policy towards Japan commonly known as the

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against revision of the security treaty and whether or not to cooperate with the JCP in doing so. Left-wingers from

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In particular, Eda earned the enmity of the party's left-wing due to his ambitious platform of "structural reform"

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and in the early 1990s it still refused to recognize the normalization of relations between Tokyo and Seoul with

529:

were among the founders of the Japan Socialist Party and held leadership positions within it. Katayama served as

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Asanuma was elected chairman of the JSP at the 1960 convention. Asanuma was assassinated by a right-wing youth,

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split off from the JSP, Murayama resigned as Prime Minister, and the JSP changed its name from the JSP to the

6847: 6196: 1987: 817: 744: 411: 336: 6894: 1745: 1495: 1490:(NFP), which overtook the JSP as second largest political party in Japan. The JSP suffered a defeat in the 578: 192: 6242:

Sanbetsu was closely tied to the Japan Communist Party and the far left wing of the Japan Socialist Party.

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in April 1954. 26 representatives and 38 councilors were affiliated with Sōhyō after the 1956 election.

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as it feared massive losses. The JSP's seat total fell from 148 to 48. The JSP rejected efforts by the

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holding two parliamentary seats, one each in the Houses of Representatives and Councillors as of 2022.

30:

This article is about the Japanese political party that existed from 1945 to 1996. For other uses, see

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Because of the party's self-definition as a class-based party and its symbiotic relationship with the

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After Takako Doi became party leader, the JSP established a European-style democratic socialism line.

4927: 4885: 4744: 1722: 1323: 589:(Socialist Party of Japan), but given the official English name of Social Democratic Party of Japan. 400: 4765: 403:. The party represented the Japanese left after the war, and was a major opponent of the right-wing 6997: 6403:

The Failure of Political Opposition in Japan: Implications for Democracy and a Vision of the Future

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party, but there was a far-left faction within the party. The so-called "leftists" in the JSP were

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policy in 1957, and recognized the People's Republic of China rather than the Republic of China.

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The constitution was defended by the JSP, the mainstay of kakushin (radical-liberal forces), ...

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The JSP was briefly in power from 1947 to 1948. From 1951 to 1955, the JSP was divided into the

1084:

The party split again in 1960 because of internal disagreement over how to conduct the ongoing

1045: 6367: 6225: 6190: 5964: 4832: 6662: 4949: 2670: 1679: 1229:) led a small group of JSP Dietmembers to split from the JSP and form a new party called the 1184: 435: 6274: 6254: 1505: 1151:, which had achieved massive size and forced the resignation of conservative prime minister 1093: 975: 6757: 6721: 6192:

The Crisis of Democracy? Chances, Risks and Challenges in Japan (Asia) and Germany (Europe)

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had begun the delicate process of moving the party away from its strong opposition to the

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Doi expressed support for balanced ties with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (

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An inaugural committee of 25 members was formed. The founding convention was chaired by

449:

decreased significantly. The party was formally dissolved in 1996. Its successor is the

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failed to convince the Left Socialists, who wanted Suzuki as prime minister, to accept

804:

while the JCP declined in strength. The party's factions were heavily divided over the

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and disaffected Liberals to pass motions of no confidence against Minister of Finance

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political party in Japan that existed from 1945 to 1996. The party was founded as the

6803: 6783: 6768: 6635: 6616: 6478: 6411: 6377: 6295: 6231: 6200: 5970: 5850: 5758: 5731: 5692: 5285: 5264: 5202: 4955: 4838: 4808: 4667: 3842: 3795: 2980: 2891: 2863: 2637: 2615: 2397: 1565: 1483: 1438: 1319: 1290: 1270: 855: 691: 687: 469: 297: 97: 6259:. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs. 1989. p. 4. 1068:. It performed poorly in the 1959 gubernatorial election, including the loss of the 286: 6820: 6815: 4298: 3513: 2718: 2121: 1749: 1641: 1607: 1164: 797: 5286:"Japan's Red Purge: Lessons from a Saga of Suppression of Free Speech and Thought" 829:. Despite this divided membership the two groups worked together in the Diet with 6751: 6610: 6474: 5883: 5752: 5725: 5686: 5650:"Towards Political Inclusiveness: The Changing Role of Local Government in Japan" 3982: 2939: 2810: 2329: 2157: 2033: 1959: 1897: 1857: 1622: 1475: 1450: 1441:

was formed by reformists who had triggered the 1993 election by leaving the LDP (

1422: 1404: 1358: 1116: 702:" between 1948 and 1950, frustrating leftist attempts to hold on to state power. 648: 569:

started talking about creating a new socialist party with Chōzaburō Mizutani and

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while the LDP lost its majority in the lower house for the first time since the

6825: 6798: 6716: 4110: 4077: 3936: 3172: 3108: 3072: 2832: 2135: 1883: 1824: 1714: 1710: 1675: 1663: 1662:. There were quite a few Christians in the JSP. Former Japanese Prime Minister 1645: 1367: 1152: 881: 699: 675: 640: 593: 566: 526: 522: 514: 500: 465: 162: 91: 5791:"FEATURE: Seeds planted by 'progressive' governments still sprouting in Japan" 2313: 1818: 1482:) government with the LDP and the New Party Sakigake under JSP Prime Minister 612:

proposed the creation of a Democratic League for National Salvation after the

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Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan

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from 1947 to 1948. Nishio broke away from the party in 1960, and formed the

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Buddhist religious movement, and the increasing electoral success of the

543:

The two major left-wing political parties in Japan in the 1930s were the

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Japan's School Curriculum for The 2020s: Politics, Policy, and Pedagogy

4805:

Japan's School Curriculum for The 2020s: Politics, Policy, and Pedagogy

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and was out of government for the first time in 38 years. The anti-LDP

1374: 1294: 1092:

and the Youth Division, with backing from supporters of Hiroo Wada and

1089: 683: 442: 210: 5464: 6585: 6373: 6134: 6098: 2522: 1703: 1583: 1548: 1519: 1350: 1254: 1218: 372: 200: 6518: 6146: 6122: 6062: 6038: 6014: 6002: 5990: 5428: 5140: 2631: 2151: 1552:

had ties to the Suzuki and Wada factions, a communist faction under

1273:, the JSP suffered a disastrous double defeat in both houses of the 644: 6557: 6437: 1599: 1370:." Delegates also elected Doi to a third term as party chairwoman. 1073: 695: 667: 574: 441:

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the JSP under the leadership of

252: 6311: 5488: 5452: 5416: 5392: 5356: 5320: 5308: 5128: 5054: 5030: 2430: 2070: 2060:

Chair of the Social Democratic Party of Japan, Unified (1955–1996)

2000: 715: 678:. Beginning around 1947, and intensifying with the victory of the 6369:

Japan: A Postindustrial Power--third Edition, Revised And Updated

6292:

Creating Single-party Democracy: Japan's Postwar Political System

3974: 1355:

Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea

1103: 494: 6573: 6506: 6494: 6450: 6347: 6335: 6323: 6170: 6158: 6110: 6086: 6074: 6050: 6026: 5596: 5261:

Aftermath of War: Americans and the Remaking of Japan, 1945–1952

5176: 5164: 5042: 5006: 4766:"Social Democratic Party of Japan | political party, Japan" 5500: 5404: 5380: 5368: 5344: 5332: 5263:. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. pp. 64–72. 5152: 5078: 5066: 4994: 1652: 627:

The JSP rejected an offer from the JCP to work together in the

5018: 1394: 363: 166: 6188: 4975: 1691:

nuclear testing done by the United States and Soviet Union.

1582:

The JSP is generally regarded as having been a progressive "

1465:) and the Democratic Reform Party, the political arm of the 6612:

Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo

6468: 1606:. By contrast, the so-called "rightists" were in favour of 1425:, the party secured a mere 70 seats (down from 137) in the 643:, a member of the Democrats. Ashida's tenure was marked by 555:

in 1932, and were the third-largest party in the after the

1636:

became party leader, the JSP established a European-style

6632:

Japanese Economic Development: Markets, Norms, Structures

1808:

Chair of the Social Democratic Party of Japan (1946–1950)

434:

during this period, preventing the LDP from revising the

5629: 5555: 5531: 5476: 1079: 1044:

Yoshida lost a motion of no confidence supported by the

6471:

Rethinking Japan: The Politics of Contested Nationalism

5619: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5515: 1644:, which came to power between 1994 and 1996, supported 1315:

and a more moderate program with greater voter appeal.

5724:

Muramatsu, Michio; Iqbal, Farrukh; Kume, Ikuo (2001).

796:

In the 1950 elections the JSP won the governorship of

62: 56: 1640:

line. Apart from the party's socialist identity, the

6963:

Former member parties of the Socialist International

6657:

Cole, Allan; Totten, George; Uyehara, Cecil (1966).

6438:

American Assembly; Willard Long Thorp, eds. (1964).

5608: 5579: 5567: 5543: 5512: 1744:. The party's factions were heavily divided by the 1502:(SDP) as an interim party for forming a new party. 5723: 690:in 1949, the U.S. occupation government headed by 6656: 6591: 6579: 6524: 6512: 6500: 6456: 6353: 6341: 6329: 6317: 6227:The Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture 6176: 6164: 6152: 6140: 6128: 6116: 6104: 6092: 6080: 6068: 6056: 6044: 6032: 6020: 6008: 5996: 5602: 5506: 5494: 5470: 5458: 5446: 5434: 5422: 5410: 5398: 5386: 5374: 5362: 5350: 5338: 5326: 5314: 5235:"Occupation and Reconstruction of Japan, 1945–52" 5182: 5170: 5158: 5146: 5134: 5084: 5072: 5060: 5048: 5036: 5024: 5012: 5000: 27:Political party active in Japan from 1945 to 1996 6914: 6422:The Murayama government had a number of broadly 6399: 6365: 6289: 5882:福岡義登 (1985). "江田三郎先生を偲んで". In 日本社会党前議員会 (ed.). 5688:Cities, Autonomy, and Decentralization in Japan 4019: 1910:Chair of the Social Democratic Party of Japan, 1614:. The party was generally the mainstay of the " 1136: 779:of the Independent Youth League and prepared a 357: 6445:Christians with intimate American connections. 6223: 5846:The Pursuit of Power in Modern Japan 1825–1995 5727:Local Government Development in Post-war Japan 1466: 1449:), a liberal party formed only a year before ( 1398: 1384: 1378: 1259: 1235: 1223: 1130: 351: 49: 6685: 6536: 6189:Ralf Kleinfeld; Carmen Schmidt, eds. (2019). 5684: 4758: 2997: 2058: 1984: 1908: 1806: 1702:. The party was also strongly opposed to the 705: 6469:Arthur Stockwin; Kweku Ampiah, eds. (2017). 4863: 4861: 4830: 6699: 6615:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 5258: 4802: 3017: 1492:1995 Japanese House of Councillors election 1453:), the traditional centre-left opposition ( 1283:1986 Japanese House of Councillors election 800:and became the second-largest party in the 6692: 6678: 5685:Hein, Carola; Pelletier, Philippe (2006). 5647: 1513: 1345:). In the past, the party had favored the 285: 74: 5962: 5956: 4947: 4904: 4902: 4858: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4792: 6983:Political parties disestablished in 1996 6266: 4941: 4831:Docherty, James C.; Lamb, Peter (2006). 1504: 1375:General Council of Trade Unions of Japan 1248: 1102: 6294:. Hoover Institution Press. p. 2. 5969:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 141–. 5842: 5754:Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics 5750: 5730:. Oxford University Press. p. 51. 5283: 5194: 1986:Chair of the Japanese Socialist Party, 1586:" party that opposed the conservative " 1318:In 1983, Doi's predecessor as chairman 620:right-wing members of the JSP, but the 14: 6915: 4899: 4789: 2918: 2789: 2697: 2549: 2457: 2182: 1684:Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan 1208:mid-1970s conservative prime minister 743:In 1960, the JSP broke apart into the 599: 559:. It was dissolved in 1940 due to the 32:Japan Socialist Party (disambiguation) 6988:Political parties established in 1945 6673: 6608: 6279:. 明哲の舎. p. 7. GGKEY:9NSLG3F0CUC. 6230:. Taylor & Francis. p. 544. 5771:from the original on 27 November 2016 5705:from the original on 27 November 2016 5635: 5623: 5590: 5573: 5561: 5549: 5537: 5525: 5482: 1786: 1509:An illustration of the history of JSP 1107:Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph by 1080:Divisions and Asanuma's assassination 6958:Democratic socialist parties in Asia 6629: 6272: 5881: 5843:Tsuzuki, Chushichi (13 April 2000). 1729:. The JSP ended its support for the 1658:, and was politically friendly with 1594:(LDP). The JSP is also considered a 1257:, the Social & Cultural Center ( 561:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 6553:"일본 정치인의 40분 연설 "김대중 정신 일본사회가 배워야"" 5751:Gaunder, Alisa (25 February 2011). 5096: 4908: 4875:Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia 4734:Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia 3012: 1289:(LDP) under popular prime minister 1269:In July 1986, under party chairman 1048:and Socialists on 7 December 1954. 157:Social & Cultural Center 1-8-1 24: 7003:Social democratic parties in Japan 6943:Defunct political parties in Japan 6659:Socialist Parties In Postwar Japan 4917:Nihon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica 4834:Historical Dictionary of Socialism 4732:[What is Shakai Shimpō? § The 4708:List of political parties in Japan 1625:, supported by the left-wing, and 1395:Japanese Trade Union Confederation 1066:1959 House of Councillors election 426:(LDP), establishing the so-called 25: 7024: 6953:Defunct socialist parties in Asia 6948:Defunct social democratic parties 5824:from the original on 12 July 2015 5103:The Journal of East Asian Affairs 3083: 1660:Christianity in the United States 1618:" (radical-liberal forces) camp. 662:. The JSP attempted to delay the 581:. Thirteen former members of the 5284:Dower, John W.; Hirata, Tetsuo. 4951:圖說日本大事記：1945–2017，改變與形塑現代日本的百大事件 3959: 3949: 3948: 3912: 3902: 3901: 3865: 3855: 3854: 3818: 3808: 3807: 3771: 3760: 3724: 3714: 3713: 3677: 3667: 3666: 3630: 3620: 3619: 3583: 3573: 3572: 3536: 3526: 3525: 3489: 3479: 3478: 3442: 3432: 3431: 3395: 3385: 3384: 3348: 3338: 3337: 3297: 3287: 3286: 3247: 3246: 3236: 3235: 3196: 3195: 3185: 3184: 3132: 3131: 3121: 3120: 2991:coalition, confidence and supply 2901: 2884: 2825: 2761: 2669: 2630: 2521: 2429: 2390: 2328: 2273: 2218: 2150: 2069: 1999: 1923: 1834: 1817: 1060:The JSP made minor gains in the 770:appointed as Secretary General. 728: 714: 507: 493: 472:, were members of the JSP while 381:Social Democratic Party of Japan 6933:1996 disestablishments in Japan 6889:Socialist Democratic Federation 6601: 6592:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6580:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6545: 6530: 6525:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6513:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6501:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6462: 6457:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6431: 6393: 6359: 6354:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6342:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6330:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6318:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6283: 6247: 6217: 6182: 6177:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6165:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6153:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6141:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6129:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6117:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6105:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6093:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6081:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6069:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6057:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6045:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6033:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6021:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 6009:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5997:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5924: 5892: 5875: 5863:from the original on 3 May 2018 5836: 5804: 5783: 5744: 5717: 5678: 5641: 5603:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5507:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5495:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5471:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5459:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5447:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5435:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5423:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5411:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5399:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5387:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5375:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5363:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5351:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5339:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5327:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5315:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5277: 5259:Schonberger, Howard B. (1989). 5252: 5227: 5215:from the original on 3 May 2018 5188: 5183:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5171:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5159:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5147:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5135:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5090: 5085:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5073:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5061:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5049:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5037:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5025:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5013:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 5001:Cole, Totten & Uyehara 1966 4807:. Springer Nature. p. 14. 1674:The JSP supported a neutralist 1463:Socialist Democratic Federation 1417:Social Democratic Party (Japan) 1231:Socialist Democratic Federation 790:National Railway Workers' Union 6842:Right Socialist Party of Japan 6650: 5195:Takemae, Eiji (January 2003). 4968: 4824: 4771:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 4729:社会新報とは § ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典の解説 4720: 3960: 3913: 3866: 3819: 3772: 3761: 3725: 3678: 3631: 3584: 3537: 3490: 3443: 3396: 3349: 3298: 1700:Korean Social Democratic Party 1694:The party interacted with the 1558:All-Japan Trade Union Congress 1535:conventions on 22 April 1949. 1525: 1431:1983 Japanese general election 1427:1993 Japanese general election 1421:As part of the fallout of the 1299:1990 Japanese general election 1279:1986 Japanese general election 814:Right Socialist Party of Japan 749:Right Socialist Party of Japan 324:Right Socialist Party of Japan 13: 1: 6848:Left Socialist Party of Japan 6442:. Prentice-Hall. p. 17. 6400:Arthur Stockwin, ed. (2022). 6366:Ardath W. Burks, ed. (2019). 6290:Tetsuya Kataoka, ed. (1992). 6197:Cambridge Scholars Publishing 5963:Ian Neary (12 October 2012). 5885:日本社会党歴代委員長の思い出: 亡くなられた委員長をしのぶ 4776:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 4713: 1341:) and the Republic of Korea ( 1179:), the political wing of the 847:House of Councillors election 818:Left Socialist Party of Japan 745:Left Socialist Party of Japan 484: 418:. In 1955, Japan's two major 337:Left Socialist Party of Japan 6993:Progressive parties in Japan 6928:1945 establishments in Japan 6895:New Socialist Party of Japan 6224:Sandra Buckley, ed. (2009). 5659:. p. 11. Archived from 4066:Japanese Socialist Party era 4020:Councillors election results 1746:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 1610:and aimed at establishing a 1496:New Socialist Party of Japan 862:Factions in the JSP in 1959 327: 314: 7: 6537:조선사회민주당 중앙위원회, ed. (1992). 4701: 1577: 1572: 1467: 1399: 1385: 1379: 1277:in the simultaneously held 1137: 660:Labourers and Farmers Party 637:Citizens' Cooperation Party 422:parties merged to form the 358: 63: 57: 10: 7029: 7013:Socialist parties in Japan 6968:Left-wing parties in Japan 6883:Democratic Socialist Party 5691:. Routledge. p. 131. 5648:MacDougall, Terry (2001). 5198:Allied Occupation of Japan 3004:(centre-left to left-wing) 2356: 1755: 1740:'s nationalization of the 1669: 1459:Democratic Socialist Party 1414: 1332:U.S.-Japan Security Treaty 1285:. Losing in a rout to the 1253:Former JSP Head Office in 1149:U.S.-Japan Security Treaty 1100:(DSP) on 24 January 1960. 1098:Democratic Socialist Party 706:Fracture and reunification 545:Labour-Farmer Masses Party 535:Democratic Socialist Party 479: 29: 6863: 6834: 6709: 5966:War, Revolution and Japan 5888:. 日本社会党前議員会. p. 319. 4928:The Asahi Shimbun Company 4886:The Asahi Shimbun Company 4803:Akito Okada, ed. (2022). 4745:The Asahi Shimbun Company 4064: 3969: 3966: 3958: 3955: 3947: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3141: 3138: 3130: 3127: 3119: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 2947: 2937:Tomiichi Murayama – 57591 2925:Tomiichi Murayama – 65446 2915: 2912: 2907: 2890: 2883: 2880: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2842: 2831: 2824: 2821: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2786: 2783: 2778: 2767: 2760: 2757: 2745: 2743: 2694: 2691: 2686: 2675: 2668: 2665: 2614: 2612: 2560:Shōichi Shimodaira – 3425 2546: 2543: 2538: 2527: 2520: 2517: 2505: 2454: 2451: 2446: 2435: 2428: 2425: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2290: 2279: 2272: 2269: 2202: 2200: 2196: 2177: 2174: 2167: 2156: 2149: 2146: 2134: 2102: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2086: 2075: 2068: 2065: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2016: 2005: 1998: 1995: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1940: 1929: 1922: 1919: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1840: 1823: 1816: 1813: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1678:and opposed amending the 1260: 1236: 1224: 1131: 873:House of Representatives 401:Japan Labour-Farmer Party 352: 293: 284: 279: 268: 259:International affiliation 258: 234: 191: 172: 153: 143: 125: 107: 82: 73: 50: 41: 5932: 5900: 5757:. Taylor & Francis. 5657:The World Bank Institute 5449:, pp. 48–50, 53–55. 5290:The Asia-Pacific Journal 4911: 4869: 4728: 3024:House of Representatives 3018:General election results 1713:dictatorship, including 1592:Liberal Democratic Party 1542: 1410: 1391:Japanese Communist Party 1287:Liberal Democratic Party 1244: 1194: 624:and JSP were unable to. 606:Japanese Communist Party 462:Japanese prime ministers 424:Liberal Democratic Party 405:Liberal Democratic Party 18:Japanese Socialist Party 6702:Social Democratic Party 5097:Lee, Yong Wook (2004). 3001:Social Democratic Party 1514:Factions and membership 1500:Social Democratic Party 1494:. In January 1996, the 806:Treaty of San Francisco 781:motion of no confidence 551:. They merged into the 549:Social Democratic Party 531:Prime Minister of Japan 451:Social Democratic Party 263:Socialist International 236:Political position 226:Revolutionary socialism 148:Social Democratic Party 6426:reforms to its credit. 1666:was also a Christian. 1510: 1474:The JSP then formed a 1266: 1173:Clean Government Party 1112: 1046:Japan Democratic Party 573:shortly after Emperor 383:by members of several 131:; 28 years ago 113:; 78 years ago 6938:Christianity in Japan 6923:Japan Socialist Party 6871:Right Socialist Party 6854:Japan Socialist Party 6663:Yale University Press 5473:, pp. 65, 69–70. 4870:ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典の解説 2927:Masatoshi Ito – 18075 2796:Makoto Tanabe – 46363 2556:Ichio Asukata – 39379 2191:Jōtarō Kawakami – 206 2189:Inejirō Asanuma – 228 1778:Constituency / title 1723:South Korean liberals 1680:Constitution of Japan 1508: 1389:unions supported the 1252: 1185:Japan Communist Party 1106: 1062:1958 general election 876:House of Councillors 436:Constitution of Japan 416:Right Socialist Party 347:Japan Socialist Party 44:Japan Socialist Party 6877:Left Socialist Party 6609:Kapur, Nick (2018). 6408:Taylor & Francis 6143:, pp. 331, 334. 6107:, pp. 397, 399. 4922:s explanation]. 4880:s explanation]. 4739:s explanation]. 1688:left-wing liberalism 1638:democratic socialism 1604:scientific socialism 1435:coalition government 1363:socialist revolution 802:House of Councillors 412:Left Socialist Party 387:that existed before 221:Democratic socialism 129:19 January 1996 111:2 November 1945 6630:Mosk, Carl (2007). 6594:, pp. 224–226. 6527:, pp. 212–213. 6155:, pp. 336–338. 6131:, pp. 333–334. 6071:, pp. 384–385. 6047:, pp. 381–382. 6023:, pp. 376–377. 6011:, pp. 438–439. 5999:, pp. 286–287. 5944:on 26 February 2020 5912:on 26 February 2020 5638:, pp. 125–126. 5564:, pp. 116–121. 5540:, pp. 121–126. 5485:, pp. 109–112. 5437:, pp. 276–277. 5149:, pp. 256–257. 4954:. 麥浩斯. p. 50. 3042:Constituency votes 3026: 2464:Tomomi Narita – 207 1656:social conservatism 1443:Japan Renewal Party 1324:Self-Defense Forces 863: 600:Katayama government 579:surrender broadcast 397:Labour-Farmer Party 385:proletarian parties 7008:Socialism in Japan 5666:on 2 December 2012 4948:Ken Saito (2019). 4055:prefectural votes 3022: 2798:Tetsu Ueda – 36358 2706:Tetsu Ueda – 11748 2704:Takako Doi – 58670 2558:Sanji Mutō – 14721 1738:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1736:The JSP supported 1721:, and allied with 1511: 1488:New Frontier Party 1447:New Party Sakigake 1267: 1113: 1094:Jiichirō Matsumoto 976:Jiichirō Matsumoto 861: 571:Komakichi Matsuoka 6973:Pacifism in Japan 6910: 6909: 6320:, pp. 86–87. 5976:978-1-873410-08-0 5497:, pp. 73–75. 5461:, pp. 59–60. 5425:, pp. 44–45. 5401:, pp. 40–41. 5365:, pp. 34–36. 5329:, pp. 29–30. 5317:, pp. 26–29. 5201:. A&C Black. 5137:, pp. 22–25. 5063:, pp. 12–13. 5039:, pp. 10–11. 4961:978-986-408-463-0 4912:日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)の解説 4909:Taguchi, Fukuji. 4844:978-0-8108-5560-1 4699: 4698: 4668:Tomiichi Murayama 4060:prefectural vote 4017: 4016: 3843:Masashi Ishibashi 3796:Masashi Ishibashi 3010: 3009: 2999:Successor party: 2987: 2961: 2913:25 September 1993 2899: 2892:Tomiichi Murayama 2870: 2851:25 September 1993 2840: 2817: 2776: 2753: 2739: 2725: 2684: 2645: 2638:Masashi Ishibashi 2622: 2608: 2594: 2579: 2536: 2513: 2499: 2485: 2455:26 September 1977 2444: 2405: 2398:Seiichi Katsumata 2375:Kozo Sasaki – 313 2363:Kozo Sasaki – 295 2343: 2320: 2288: 2237: 2210: 2165: 2142: 2128: 2110: 2084: 2054: 2040: 2014: 1980: 1966: 1938: 1904: 1890: 1864: 1846:28 September 1946 1832: 1784:Election results 1775: 1682:, especially the 1566:The Asahi Shimbun 1484:Tomiichi Murayama 1439:Morihiro Hosokawa 1320:Masashi Ishibashi 1307:Shintarō Ishihara 1291:Yasuhiro Nakasone 1271:Masashi Ishibashi 1052:replaced him and 1042: 1041: 856:Mamoru Shigemitsu 692:Douglas MacArthur 688:Chinese Civil War 470:Tomiichi Murayama 393:Social Mass Party 343: 342: 303:Political parties 298:Politics of Japan 144:Succeeded by 98:Tomiichi Murayama 16:(Redirected from 7020: 6978:Pacifist parties 6901:Democratic Party 6835:Absorbed parties 6741: 6730: 6703: 6694: 6687: 6680: 6671: 6670: 6666: 6645: 6626: 6595: 6589: 6583: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6566: 6561:. 19 August 2021 6549: 6543: 6542: 6534: 6528: 6522: 6516: 6510: 6504: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6466: 6460: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6435: 6429: 6428: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6270: 6264: 6263: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6221: 6215: 6214: 6186: 6180: 6174: 6168: 6162: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6138: 6132: 6126: 6120: 6114: 6108: 6102: 6096: 6090: 6084: 6078: 6072: 6066: 6060: 6054: 6048: 6042: 6036: 6030: 6024: 6018: 6012: 6006: 6000: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5940:. Archived from 5928: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5908:. Archived from 5896: 5890: 5889: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5840: 5834: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5823: 5816: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5787: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5721: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5682: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5665: 5654: 5645: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5606: 5600: 5594: 5588: 5577: 5571: 5565: 5559: 5553: 5547: 5541: 5535: 5529: 5523: 5510: 5504: 5498: 5492: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5468: 5462: 5456: 5450: 5444: 5438: 5432: 5426: 5420: 5414: 5408: 5402: 5396: 5390: 5384: 5378: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5348: 5342: 5336: 5330: 5324: 5318: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5243: 5241: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5192: 5186: 5180: 5174: 5168: 5162: 5156: 5150: 5144: 5138: 5132: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5094: 5088: 5082: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5028: 5022: 5016: 5010: 5004: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4921: 4906: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4879: 4865: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4828: 4822: 4821: 4800: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4738: 4724: 4682: 4675: 4644: 4637: 4606: 4599: 4570: 4563: 4533: 4526: 4496: 4489: 4459: 4452: 4421: 4414: 4385: 4378: 4349: 4342: 4313: 4306: 4275: 4268: 4262:Jōtarō Kawakami 4239: 4232: 4201: 4194: 4163: 4156: 4125: 4118: 4085: 4024: 4023: 3963: 3962: 3952: 3951: 3944: 3916: 3915: 3905: 3904: 3897: 3869: 3868: 3858: 3857: 3850: 3822: 3821: 3811: 3810: 3803: 3775: 3774: 3764: 3763: 3756: 3728: 3727: 3717: 3716: 3709: 3681: 3680: 3670: 3669: 3662: 3634: 3633: 3623: 3622: 3615: 3587: 3586: 3576: 3575: 3568: 3540: 3539: 3529: 3528: 3521: 3493: 3492: 3482: 3481: 3474: 3446: 3445: 3435: 3434: 3427: 3399: 3398: 3388: 3387: 3380: 3352: 3351: 3341: 3340: 3333: 3301: 3300: 3290: 3289: 3282: 3250: 3249: 3239: 3238: 3231: 3199: 3198: 3188: 3187: 3180: 3135: 3134: 3124: 3123: 3116: 3080: 3027: 3021: 3013:Election results 3005: 2986: 2983: 2973: 2960: 2957: 2905: 2898: 2895: 2888: 2869: 2866: 2839: 2836: 2829: 2816: 2813: 2775: 2772: 2765: 2752: 2749: 2738: 2735: 2724: 2721: 2692:9 September 1986 2683: 2680: 2673: 2656:8 September 1986 2653:7 September 1983 2644: 2641: 2634: 2621: 2618: 2607: 2604: 2592: 2589: 2578: 2575: 2547:7 September 1983 2544:13 December 1977 2535: 2532: 2525: 2512: 2509: 2498: 2495: 2484: 2481: 2466:Saburō Eda – 148 2452:30 November 1968 2443: 2440: 2433: 2404: 2401: 2394: 2377:Saburō Eda – 274 2365:Saburō Eda – 276 2342: 2339: 2332: 2319: 2316: 2287: 2284: 2277: 2249:Okayama at-large 2235: 2231: 2222: 2209: 2206: 2164: 2161: 2154: 2141: 2138: 2127: 2124: 2109: 2106: 2083: 2080: 2073: 2053: 2050: 2039: 2036: 2013: 2010: 2003: 1979: 1976: 1965: 1962: 1937: 1934: 1927: 1903: 1900: 1889: 1886: 1876: 1863: 1860: 1838: 1831: 1828: 1821: 1794: 1790: 1774: 1771: 1760: 1759: 1750:de-Stalinization 1651:The JSP opposed 1642:Murayama Cabinet 1608:social democracy 1470: 1402: 1388: 1382: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1165:orthodox Marxist 1142: 1140: 1134: 1133: 1037: 1030: 1015: 1008: 993: 986: 969: 962: 947: 940: 923: 916: 899: 892: 864: 860: 843:general election 798:Kyoto Prefecture 732: 718: 633:Democratic Party 511: 497: 391:, including the 370: 361: 355: 354: 330: 317: 289: 274: 186: 139: 137: 132: 121: 119: 114: 78: 67: 66: 60: 58:Nippon shakai-tō 54: 53: 52: 39: 38: 21: 7028: 7027: 7023: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7018: 7017: 6998:Radical parties 6913: 6912: 6911: 6906: 6859: 6830: 6735: 6724: 6705: 6701: 6698: 6653: 6648: 6642: 6623: 6604: 6599: 6598: 6590: 6586: 6582:, pp. 204. 6578: 6574: 6564: 6562: 6551: 6550: 6546: 6535: 6531: 6523: 6519: 6515:, pp. 115. 6511: 6507: 6503:, pp. 205. 6499: 6495: 6485: 6477:. p. 196. 6475:Lexington Books 6467: 6463: 6459:, pp. 200. 6455: 6451: 6436: 6432: 6418: 6398: 6394: 6384: 6364: 6360: 6356:, pp. 194. 6352: 6348: 6344:, pp. 180. 6340: 6336: 6332:, pp. 106. 6328: 6324: 6316: 6312: 6302: 6288: 6284: 6271: 6267: 6253: 6252: 6248: 6238: 6222: 6218: 6207: 6199:. p. 200. 6187: 6183: 6179:, pp. 366. 6175: 6171: 6167:, pp. 365. 6163: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6139: 6135: 6127: 6123: 6119:, pp. 401. 6115: 6111: 6103: 6099: 6095:, pp. 395. 6091: 6087: 6083:, pp. 391. 6079: 6075: 6067: 6063: 6059:, pp. 384. 6055: 6051: 6043: 6039: 6035:, pp. 379. 6031: 6027: 6019: 6015: 6007: 6003: 5995: 5991: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5961: 5957: 5947: 5945: 5934: 5930: 5929: 5925: 5915: 5913: 5902: 5898: 5897: 5893: 5880: 5876: 5866: 5864: 5857: 5841: 5837: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5814: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5788: 5784: 5774: 5772: 5765: 5749: 5745: 5738: 5722: 5718: 5708: 5706: 5699: 5683: 5679: 5669: 5667: 5663: 5652: 5646: 5642: 5634: 5630: 5622: 5609: 5605:, pp. 246. 5601: 5597: 5593:, pp. 124. 5589: 5580: 5576:, pp. 118. 5572: 5568: 5560: 5556: 5548: 5544: 5536: 5532: 5524: 5513: 5505: 5501: 5493: 5489: 5481: 5477: 5469: 5465: 5457: 5453: 5445: 5441: 5433: 5429: 5421: 5417: 5409: 5405: 5397: 5393: 5385: 5381: 5373: 5369: 5361: 5357: 5349: 5345: 5337: 5333: 5325: 5321: 5313: 5309: 5299: 5297: 5282: 5278: 5271: 5257: 5253: 5239: 5237: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5218: 5216: 5209: 5193: 5189: 5185:, pp. 257. 5181: 5177: 5173:, pp. 114. 5169: 5165: 5157: 5153: 5145: 5141: 5133: 5129: 5119: 5117: 5095: 5091: 5083: 5079: 5071: 5067: 5059: 5055: 5051:, pp. 113. 5047: 5043: 5035: 5031: 5023: 5019: 5015:, pp. 3–4. 5011: 5007: 5003:, pp. 7–8. 4999: 4995: 4985: 4983: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4962: 4946: 4942: 4932: 4930: 4926:(in Japanese). 4919: 4913: 4907: 4900: 4890: 4888: 4884:(in Japanese). 4877: 4871: 4867: 4866: 4859: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4829: 4825: 4815: 4801: 4790: 4780: 4778: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4743:(in Japanese). 4736: 4730: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4716: 4704: 4683: 4680: 4676: 4673: 4645: 4642: 4638: 4635: 4607: 4604: 4600: 4597: 4571: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4534: 4531: 4527: 4524: 4497: 4494: 4490: 4487: 4460: 4457: 4453: 4450: 4422: 4419: 4415: 4412: 4386: 4383: 4379: 4376: 4350: 4347: 4343: 4340: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4304: 4276: 4273: 4269: 4266: 4240: 4237: 4233: 4230: 4225:Mosaburō Suzuki 4202: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4187:Mosaburō Suzuki 4164: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4149:Mosaburō Suzuki 4126: 4123: 4119: 4116: 4086: 4083: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4045:national votes 4044: 4039: 4034: 4022: 4012: 3998: 3945: 3942: 3898: 3895: 3851: 3848: 3804: 3801: 3757: 3754: 3710: 3707: 3663: 3660: 3616: 3613: 3569: 3566: 3522: 3519: 3475: 3472: 3467:Jōtarō Kawakami 3428: 3425: 3381: 3378: 3373:Mosaburō Suzuki 3334: 3331: 3326:Mosaburō Suzuki 3324: 3322:Jōtarō Kawakami 3283: 3280: 3275:Mosaburō Suzuki 3273: 3271:Jōtarō Kawakami 3232: 3229: 3224:Mosaburō Suzuki 3222: 3220:Jōtarō Kawakami 3181: 3178: 3161: 3154: 3117: 3114: 3081: 3078: 3020: 3015: 3003: 2988: 2984: 2971: 2958: 2945: 2944: 2943: 2940:Tadatoshi Akiba 2938: 2935: 2930: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2916:19 January 1996 2909: 2900: 2896: 2894: 2871: 2867: 2848:19 January 1993 2844: 2837: 2835: 2814: 2801: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2787:19 January 1993 2780: 2773: 2771: 2750: 2736: 2722: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2688: 2681: 2679: 2649: 2642: 2640: 2619: 2605: 2590: 2576: 2563: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2540: 2533: 2531: 2510: 2496: 2482: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2448: 2441: 2439: 2409: 2402: 2400: 2380: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2368: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2347: 2340: 2338: 2317: 2292: 2285: 2283: 2281:Jōtarō Kawakami 2254:12 October 1960 2248: 2238: 2233: 2230: 2207: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2179: 2178:12 October 1960 2169: 2162: 2160: 2158:Inejiro Asanuma 2139: 2125: 2107: 2092:12 October 1955 2088: 2081: 2079: 2077:Suzuki Mosaburō 2051: 2037: 2025:12 October 1955 2022:18 January 1951 2018: 2011: 2009: 2007:Suzuki Mosaburō 1977: 1963: 1951:12 October 1955 1948:19 January 1951 1942: 1935: 1933: 1931:Jōtarō Kawakami 1901: 1887: 1874: 1861: 1849:16 January 1950 1842: 1833: 1829: 1827: 1792: 1788: 1781:Term of office 1772: 1770: 1758: 1672: 1623:nationalization 1580: 1575: 1545: 1528: 1516: 1476:grand coalition 1451:Japan New Party 1423:Recruit Scandal 1419: 1413: 1359:consumption tax 1258: 1247: 1234: 1222: 1197: 1128: 1117:Otoya Yamaguchi 1082: 1050:Ichirō Hatoyama 1038: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1006: 994: 991: 987: 984: 970: 967: 963: 960: 948: 945: 941: 938: 930:Mosaburō Suzuki 924: 921: 917: 914: 906:Jōtarō Kawakami 900: 897: 893: 890: 772:Inejirō Asanuma 768:Mosaburō Suzuki 763: 762: 761: 760: 759:, respectively. 757:Inejirō Asanuma 753:Mosaburō Suzuki 740: 739: 738: 736:Inejirō Asanuma 733: 725: 724: 722:Mosaburō Suzuki 719: 708: 649:Shigeru Yoshida 602: 587:Nihon Shakai-tō 553:Shakai Taishūtō 541: 540: 539: 538: 519: 518: 517: 512: 504: 503: 498: 487: 482: 359:Nihon Shakai-tō 349: 339: 326: 313: 312: 272: 247: 243: 230: 180: 135: 133: 130: 117: 115: 112: 103: 69: 68: 64:Nihon shakai-tō 55: 48: 47: 45: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7026: 7016: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6898: 6892: 6886: 6880: 6874: 6867: 6865: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6851: 6845: 6838: 6836: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6754: 6749: 6742: 6719: 6713: 6711: 6707: 6706: 6697: 6696: 6689: 6682: 6674: 6668: 6667: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6646: 6640: 6627: 6622:978-0674984424 6621: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6584: 6572: 6544: 6529: 6517: 6505: 6493: 6483: 6461: 6449: 6430: 6416: 6392: 6382: 6358: 6346: 6334: 6322: 6310: 6300: 6282: 6265: 6246: 6236: 6216: 6205: 6181: 6169: 6157: 6145: 6133: 6121: 6109: 6097: 6085: 6073: 6061: 6049: 6037: 6025: 6013: 6001: 5989: 5975: 5955: 5923: 5891: 5874: 5855: 5849:. OUP Oxford. 5835: 5803: 5782: 5763: 5743: 5736: 5716: 5697: 5677: 5640: 5628: 5626:, p. 125. 5607: 5595: 5578: 5566: 5554: 5552:, p. 114. 5542: 5530: 5528:, p. 127. 5511: 5509:, pp. 75. 5499: 5487: 5475: 5463: 5451: 5439: 5427: 5415: 5413:, pp. 43. 5403: 5391: 5389:, pp. 38. 5379: 5377:, pp. 51. 5367: 5355: 5353:, pp. 32. 5343: 5341:, pp. 30. 5331: 5319: 5307: 5276: 5269: 5251: 5226: 5207: 5187: 5175: 5163: 5161:, pp. 24. 5151: 5139: 5127: 5089: 5087:, pp. 17. 5077: 5075:, pp. 15. 5065: 5053: 5041: 5029: 5017: 5005: 4993: 4967: 4960: 4940: 4898: 4857: 4843: 4823: 4813: 4788: 4757: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4710: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4693: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4679: 4677: 4672: 4670: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4641: 4639: 4634: 4632: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4603: 4601: 4596: 4594: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4567: 4565: 4560: 4558: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4535: 4530: 4528: 4523: 4521: 4516: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4493: 4491: 4486: 4484: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4456: 4454: 4449: 4447: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4418: 4416: 4411: 4409: 4408:Tomomi Narita 4406: 4400: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4382: 4380: 4375: 4373: 4372:Tomomi Narita 4370: 4364: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4351: 4346: 4344: 4339: 4337: 4336:Tomomi Narita 4334: 4328: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4310: 4308: 4303: 4301: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4272: 4270: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4241: 4236: 4234: 4229: 4227: 4222: 4216: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4198: 4196: 4191: 4189: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4160: 4158: 4153: 4151: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4122: 4120: 4115: 4113: 4111:Tetsu Katayama 4108: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4082: 4080: 4078:Tetsu Katayama 4075: 4069: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4050:national vote 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4028: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4001: 4000: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3957: 3954: 3946: 3941: 3939: 3937:Sadao Yamahana 3934: 3928: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3910: 3907: 3899: 3894: 3892: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3863: 3860: 3852: 3847: 3845: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3816: 3813: 3805: 3800: 3798: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3769: 3766: 3758: 3753: 3751: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3722: 3719: 3711: 3706: 3704: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3675: 3672: 3664: 3659: 3657: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3628: 3625: 3617: 3612: 3610: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3581: 3578: 3570: 3565: 3563: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3534: 3531: 3523: 3518: 3516: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3487: 3484: 3476: 3471: 3469: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3440: 3437: 3429: 3424: 3422: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3393: 3390: 3382: 3377: 3375: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3346: 3343: 3335: 3330: 3328: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3295: 3292: 3284: 3279: 3277: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3244: 3241: 3233: 3228: 3226: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3193: 3190: 3182: 3177: 3175: 3173:Tetsu Katayama 3170: 3164: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3129: 3126: 3118: 3113: 3111: 3109:Tetsu Katayama 3106: 3100: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3077: 3075: 3073:Tetsu Katayama 3070: 3064: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3047: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3007: 2995: 2994: 2978: 2975: 2974: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2906: 2889: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2841: 2833:Sadao Yamahana 2830: 2823: 2819: 2818: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2777: 2766: 2759: 2755: 2754: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2685: 2674: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2646: 2635: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2555: 2552: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2537: 2526: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2445: 2434: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2416:4 October 1968 2414: 2413:19 August 1967 2411: 2406: 2395: 2388: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2369: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2354:19 August 1967 2352: 2349: 2344: 2333: 2326: 2322: 2321: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2289: 2278: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2244: 2223: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2195: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2180:(assassinated) 2176: 2173: 2166: 2155: 2148: 2144: 2143: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2085: 2074: 2067: 2063: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2015: 2004: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1982: 1981: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1939: 1928: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1906: 1905: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1839: 1825:Tetsu Katayama 1822: 1815: 1811: 1810: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1796: 1795: 1789:Prime Minister 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1767: 1764: 1757: 1754: 1715:Park Chung Hee 1711:anti-communist 1676:foreign policy 1671: 1668: 1664:Tetsu Katayama 1646:social-liberal 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1544: 1541: 1527: 1524: 1515: 1512: 1415:Main article: 1412: 1409: 1405:Recruit affair 1368:social welfare 1246: 1243: 1196: 1193: 1153:Nobusuke Kishi 1081: 1078: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1032: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1010: 1005: 1003: 1000: 999:Masaru Nomizo 996: 995: 990: 988: 983: 981: 978: 972: 971: 966: 964: 959: 957: 954: 950: 949: 944: 942: 937: 935: 932: 926: 925: 920: 918: 913: 911: 908: 902: 901: 896: 894: 889: 887: 884: 882:Suehiro Nishio 878: 877: 874: 871: 868: 742: 741: 734: 727: 726: 720: 713: 712: 711: 710: 709: 707: 704: 676:Reverse Course 645:labor disputes 641:Hitoshi Ashida 601: 598: 594:Tetsu Katayama 567:Suehiro Nishio 527:Tetsu Katayama 523:Suehiro Nishio 521: 520: 515:Tetsu Katayama 513: 506: 505: 501:Suehiro Nishio 499: 492: 491: 490: 489: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 466:Tetsu Katayama 341: 340: 311: 310: 305: 300: 294: 291: 290: 282: 281: 277: 276: 270: 266: 265: 260: 256: 255: 238: 232: 231: 229: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 197: 195: 189: 188: 174: 170: 169: 155: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 127: 123: 122: 109: 105: 104: 102: 101: 95: 92:Tetsu Katayama 88: 86: 80: 79: 71: 70: 46: 43: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7025: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6902: 6899: 6896: 6893: 6890: 6887: 6884: 6881: 6878: 6875: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6864:Split parties 6862: 6855: 6852: 6849: 6846: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6833: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6811: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6759: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6734: 6728: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6695: 6690: 6688: 6683: 6681: 6676: 6675: 6672: 6664: 6660: 6655: 6654: 6643: 6641:9781135982898 6637: 6634:. Routledge. 6633: 6628: 6624: 6618: 6614: 6613: 6607: 6606: 6593: 6588: 6581: 6576: 6560: 6559: 6554: 6548: 6541:. 조선사회민주당출판사. 6540: 6533: 6526: 6521: 6514: 6509: 6502: 6497: 6490: 6486: 6484:9781498537933 6480: 6476: 6472: 6465: 6458: 6453: 6446: 6441: 6434: 6427: 6425: 6419: 6417:9789811920769 6413: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6396: 6389: 6385: 6383:9780429718953 6379: 6375: 6371: 6370: 6362: 6355: 6350: 6343: 6338: 6331: 6326: 6319: 6314: 6307: 6303: 6301:9780817991111 6297: 6293: 6286: 6278: 6277: 6273:高山直人 (2019). 6269: 6262: 6258: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6239: 6237:9780415481526 6233: 6229: 6228: 6220: 6213: 6208: 6206:9781527542419 6202: 6198: 6194: 6193: 6185: 6178: 6173: 6166: 6161: 6154: 6149: 6142: 6137: 6130: 6125: 6118: 6113: 6106: 6101: 6094: 6089: 6082: 6077: 6070: 6065: 6058: 6053: 6046: 6041: 6034: 6029: 6022: 6017: 6010: 6005: 5998: 5993: 5978: 5972: 5968: 5967: 5959: 5943: 5939: 5938:朝日新聞社Kotobank 5935: 5927: 5911: 5907: 5906:朝日新聞社Kotobank 5903: 5895: 5887: 5886: 5878: 5862: 5858: 5856:9780191542459 5852: 5848: 5847: 5839: 5820: 5813: 5807: 5792: 5786: 5770: 5766: 5764:9781136818387 5760: 5756: 5755: 5747: 5739: 5737:9780199248285 5733: 5729: 5728: 5720: 5704: 5700: 5698:9781134341504 5694: 5690: 5689: 5681: 5662: 5658: 5651: 5644: 5637: 5632: 5625: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5604: 5599: 5592: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5575: 5570: 5563: 5558: 5551: 5546: 5539: 5534: 5527: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5508: 5503: 5496: 5491: 5484: 5479: 5472: 5467: 5460: 5455: 5448: 5443: 5436: 5431: 5424: 5419: 5412: 5407: 5400: 5395: 5388: 5383: 5376: 5371: 5364: 5359: 5352: 5347: 5340: 5335: 5328: 5323: 5316: 5311: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5280: 5272: 5270:0-87338-382-6 5266: 5262: 5255: 5248: 5236: 5230: 5214: 5210: 5208:9780826415219 5204: 5200: 5199: 5191: 5184: 5179: 5172: 5167: 5160: 5155: 5148: 5143: 5136: 5131: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5093: 5086: 5081: 5074: 5069: 5062: 5057: 5050: 5045: 5038: 5033: 5027:, pp. 4. 5026: 5021: 5014: 5009: 5002: 4997: 4982:(in Japanese) 4981: 4980:社民党 SDP Japan 4977: 4971: 4963: 4957: 4953: 4952: 4944: 4929: 4925: 4918: 4914: 4905: 4903: 4887: 4883: 4876: 4872: 4864: 4862: 4846: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4827: 4820: 4816: 4814:9789811920769 4810: 4806: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4777: 4773: 4772: 4767: 4761: 4746: 4742: 4735: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4678: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4640: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4602: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4566: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4536: 4529: 4522: 4520: 4519:Ichio Asukata 4517: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4492: 4485: 4483: 4482:Ichio Asukata 4480: 4478: 4475: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4455: 4448: 4446: 4445:Ichio Asukata 4443: 4441: 4438: 4437: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4417: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4388: 4381: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4345: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4309: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4271: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4235: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4197: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4179: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4159: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4121: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4013:(until 1996) 4010: 4006: 4003: 4002: 3999:(until 1994) 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3938: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3911: 3908: 3900: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3864: 3861: 3853: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3817: 3814: 3806: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3788: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3770: 3767: 3759: 3752: 3750: 3749:Ichio Asukata 3747: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3723: 3720: 3712: 3705: 3703: 3702:Ichio Asukata 3700: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3676: 3673: 3665: 3658: 3656: 3655:Tomomi Narita 3653: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3629: 3626: 3618: 3611: 3609: 3608:Tomomi Narita 3606: 3604: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3582: 3579: 3571: 3564: 3562: 3561:Tomomi Narita 3559: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3535: 3532: 3524: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3488: 3485: 3477: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3441: 3438: 3430: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3394: 3391: 3383: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3365: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3347: 3344: 3336: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3296: 3293: 3285: 3278: 3276: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3245: 3242: 3234: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3194: 3191: 3183: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3165: 3162:(since 1948) 3159: 3158: 3155:(until 1948) 3152: 3148: 3144: 3110: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3028: 3025: 3006: 3002: 2996: 2992: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2964: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2950: 2941: 2904: 2893: 2887: 2879: 2875: 2865: 2859: 2834: 2828: 2820: 2812: 2806: 2770: 2769:Makoto Tanabe 2764: 2756: 2748: 2742: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2728: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2714: 2711: 2678: 2672: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2647: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2617: 2611: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2597: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2582: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2530: 2529:Ichio Asukata 2524: 2516: 2508: 2503: 2502: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2488: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2438: 2437:Tomomi Narita 2432: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2407: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2385: 2382: 2372:December 1966 2353: 2350: 2345: 2337: 2336:Kouzou Sasaki 2334: 2331: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2315: 2309: 2295: 2282: 2276: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2245: 2242: 2236: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2205: 2199: 2175:23 March 1960 2172: 2159: 2153: 2145: 2137: 2132: 2131: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2105: 2100: 2095:23 March 1960 2078: 2072: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2043: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2008: 2002: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1983: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1969: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1945: 1932: 1926: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1907: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1893: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1879: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1867: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1837: 1826: 1820: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1791: 1773:(Birth–death) 1761: 1753: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1719:Chun Doo-hwan 1716: 1712: 1708: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1628: 1627:socialization 1624: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1612:welfare state 1609: 1605: 1602:in favour of 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1570: 1568: 1567: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1554:Minoru Takano 1550: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1523: 1521: 1507: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1418: 1408: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1369: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1313: 1308: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1275:National Diet 1272: 1256: 1251: 1242: 1232: 1220: 1214: 1211: 1210:Kakuei Tanaka 1206: 1201: 1192: 1190: 1189:National Diet 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1166: 1160: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1145:Anpo protests 1139: 1125: 1122: 1118: 1110: 1109:Yasushi Nagao 1105: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1086:Anpo protests 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1058: 1055: 1054:new elections 1051: 1047: 1033: 1026: 1023: 1021:Hisao Kuroda 1020: 1019: 1011: 1004: 1001: 998: 997: 989: 982: 979: 977: 974: 973: 965: 958: 955: 952: 951: 943: 936: 933: 931: 928: 927: 919: 912: 909: 907: 904: 903: 895: 888: 885: 883: 880: 879: 875: 872: 869: 866: 865: 859: 857: 853: 852:Minoru Takano 848: 844: 838: 836: 832: 828: 827:1952 election 822: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 794: 791: 785: 782: 776: 773: 769: 758: 754: 750: 746: 737: 731: 723: 717: 703: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 671: 669: 665: 664:1949 election 661: 657: 652: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 629:1947 election 625: 623: 622:Liberal Party 617: 615: 614:1946 election 611: 610:Morito Tatsuo 607: 597: 595: 590: 588: 584: 583:National Diet 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 562: 558: 557:1937 election 554: 550: 546: 536: 532: 528: 524: 516: 510: 502: 496: 477: 475: 471: 467: 463: 458: 456: 452: 448: 447:National Diet 444: 439: 437: 433: 432:National Diet 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 408: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 368: 365: 360: 348: 338: 334: 329: 325: 321: 316: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 295: 292: 288: 283: 278: 271: 267: 264: 261: 257: 254: 250: 246: 242: 239: 237: 233: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 206:Progressivism 204: 202: 199: 198: 196: 194: 190: 187: 184: 179: 178:Shakai Shimpō 175: 171: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 149: 146: 142: 128: 124: 110: 106: 99: 96: 93: 90: 89: 87: 85: 81: 77: 72: 65: 59: 40: 37: 33: 19: 6853: 6658: 6631: 6611: 6602:Bibliography 6587: 6575: 6563:. Retrieved 6556: 6547: 6538: 6532: 6520: 6508: 6496: 6488: 6470: 6464: 6452: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6424:left-liberal 6421: 6402: 6395: 6387: 6368: 6361: 6349: 6337: 6325: 6313: 6305: 6291: 6285: 6275: 6268: 6260: 6255: 6249: 6241: 6226: 6219: 6210: 6191: 6184: 6172: 6160: 6148: 6136: 6124: 6112: 6100: 6088: 6076: 6064: 6052: 6040: 6028: 6016: 6004: 5992: 5980:. Retrieved 5965: 5958: 5946:. Retrieved 5942:the original 5937: 5926: 5914:. Retrieved 5910:the original 5905: 5894: 5884: 5877: 5865:. Retrieved 5845: 5838: 5826:. Retrieved 5806: 5794:. Retrieved 5785: 5773:. Retrieved 5753: 5746: 5726: 5719: 5707:. Retrieved 5687: 5680: 5668:. Retrieved 5661:the original 5656: 5643: 5631: 5598: 5569: 5557: 5545: 5533: 5502: 5490: 5478: 5466: 5454: 5442: 5430: 5418: 5406: 5394: 5382: 5370: 5358: 5346: 5334: 5322: 5310: 5298:. Retrieved 5293: 5289: 5279: 5260: 5254: 5245: 5238:. Retrieved 5229: 5217:. Retrieved 5197: 5190: 5178: 5166: 5154: 5142: 5130: 5118:. Retrieved 5106: 5102: 5092: 5080: 5068: 5056: 5044: 5032: 5020: 5008: 4996: 4984:. Retrieved 4979: 4970: 4950: 4943: 4931:. Retrieved 4923: 4916: 4889:. Retrieved 4881: 4874: 4848:. Retrieved 4833: 4826: 4818: 4804: 4769: 4760: 4748:. Retrieved 4740: 4733: 4722: 4065: 4035:seats total 2998: 2990: 2968: 2873: 2784:31 July 1991 2695:31 July 1991 2650:Nagasaki 2nd 2410:Shizuoka 2nd 2360:January 1966 2298:6 March 1961 2259:6 March 1961 2258: 2253: 2246: 2240: 2232: 2225: 2059: 1985: 1909: 1871: 1843:Kanagawa 3rd 1807: 1802:Left office 1799:Took office 1735: 1727:Kim Dae-jung 1725:, including 1693: 1673: 1650: 1631: 1620: 1581: 1564: 1562: 1546: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1517: 1480:dai-renritsu 1479: 1473: 1420: 1372: 1336: 1317: 1310: 1303: 1268: 1215: 1202: 1198: 1181:Sokka Gakkai 1176: 1170: 1161: 1157: 1147:against the 1138:kōzō kaikaku 1126: 1114: 1083: 1070:governorship 1059: 1043: 839: 835:Hayato Ikeda 823: 795: 786: 777: 764: 684:Nationalists 672: 656:Hisao Kuroda 653: 626: 618: 603: 591: 586: 565: 542: 474:Zenko Suzuki 459: 440: 420:conservative 409: 389:World War II 380: 366: 346: 344: 332: 328: 319: 315: 244: 215: 176: 154:Headquarters 36: 6651:Works cited 5948:26 February 5916:26 February 4933:19 November 4924:kotobank.jp 4891:22 November 4882:kotobank.jp 4850:22 November 4781:22 November 4750:22 November 4741:kotobank.jp 4616:15,009,451 4610:19,688,252 4579:12,464,579 4543:11,217,515 4506:12,715,880 4469:13,403,216 4431:13,907,865 4395:12,597,644 4359:12,617,680 4323:12,346,650 4299:Kōzō Sasaki 4285:11,917,675 4249:10,265,394 4211:11,156,060 3926:Opposition 3920:16,025,472 3879:Opposition 3873:10,412,584 3832:Opposition 3826:11,065,083 3785:Opposition 3779:11,400,748 3738:Opposition 3732:10,643,450 3691:Opposition 3685:11,713,009 3644:Opposition 3638:11,478,142 3597:Opposition 3591:10,074,101 3550:Opposition 3544:12,826,104 3514:Kōzō Sasaki 3503:Opposition 3497:11,906,766 3456:Opposition 3450:10,887,134 3409:Opposition 3403:13,093,993 3362:Opposition 3356:10,812,905 3311:Opposition 3260:Opposition 3209:Opposition 3098:Opposition 2838:(1936–1999) 2774:(1922–2015) 2682:(1928–2014) 2643:(1924–2019) 2534:(1915–1990) 2442:(1912–1979) 2403:(1908–1989) 2341:(1900–1985) 2286:(1889–1965) 2234:(1907–1977) 2163:(1898–1960) 2104:Hatoyama I. 2082:(1893–1970) 2048:Hatoyama I. 2012:(1893–1970) 1990:(1951–1955) 1974:Hatoyama I. 1936:(1889–1965) 1914:(1951–1955) 1830:(1887–1978) 1707:South Korea 1696:North Korea 1596:centre-left 1563:Polling by 1526:Agriculture 1347:Kim Il Sung 1343:South Korea 1339:North Korea 1312:perestroika 1203:Meanwhile, 953:Hiroo Wada 910:Right-wing 886:Right-wing 654:Members of 455:minor party 428:1955 System 377:progressive 249:Centre-left 181: [ 6917:Categories 5982:29 January 5636:Kapur 2018 5624:Kapur 2018 5591:Kapur 2018 5574:Kapur 2018 5562:Kapur 2018 5550:Kapur 2018 5538:Kapur 2018 5526:Kapur 2018 5483:Kapur 2018 5300:26 January 5240:26 January 5120:26 January 5109:(2): 388. 4779:Retrieved 4714:References 4692:4,926,003 4686:6,882,919 4654:7,147,140 4648:7,981,726 4630:Takako Doi 4592:Takako Doi 4574:9,869,088 4556:Takako Doi 4537:7,590,331 4500:7,341,828 4463:8,805,617 4425:7,990,457 4389:8,494,264 4353:8,542,199 4317:8,729,655 4279:8,666,910 4243:7,794,754 4205:8,549,940 4173:6,870,640 4167:5,559,875 4135:7,316,808 4129:4,854,629 4097:4,901,341 4091:3,479,814 4040:seats won 3967:9,687,589 3890:Takako Doi 3420:Saburō Eda 3305:9,194,547 3254:7,507,842 3203:4,129,794 3160:Opposition 3139:7,176,882 3092:9,924,930 2845:Tokyo 11th 2677:Takako Doi 2449:Kagawa 1st 2351:6 May 1965 2348:Miyagi 1st 2301:6 May 1965 2227:Saburō Eda 1742:Suez Canal 1731:Two Chinas 1686:. Japan's 1634:Takako Doi 1588:right-wing 1349:regime in 1295:Takako Doi 1205:Saburō Eda 1121:Saburō Eda 1024:Left-wing 1002:Left-wing 980:Left-wing 956:Left-wing 934:Left-wing 680:Communists 485:Foundation 443:Takako Doi 399:, and the 280:Party flag 211:Pacificism 163:Chiyoda-ku 159:Nagata-cho 136:1996-01-19 118:1945-11-02 6816:Fukushima 6784:Ishibashi 6769:Katsumata 6374:Routledge 5828:10 August 4915:[The 4873:[The 4027:Election 4011:coalition 3997:coalition 3896:136 / 512 3802:112 / 511 3755:107 / 511 3708:107 / 511 3661:123 / 511 3614:118 / 491 3520:140 / 486 3473:144 / 467 3426:145 / 467 3379:166 / 467 3332:156 / 467 3281:138 / 466 3230:111 / 466 3153:coalition 3115:143 / 466 3039:Position 3030:Election 2981:Hashimoto 2897:(b. 1924) 2874:coalition 2781:Gunma 1st 2719:Takeshita 2689:Hyogo 2nd 2602:Suzuki Z. 2541:Tokyo 1st 2507:Fukuda T. 2479:Tanaka K. 2294:Hyogo 1st 2171:Tokyo 1st 2122:Ishibashi 2089:Tokyo 3rd 2019:Tokyo 3rd 1944:Hyogo 1st 1704:far-right 1653:Shintoist 1584:left-wing 1549:Red Purge 1520:Burakumin 1351:Pyongyang 1328:Article 9 1255:Nagatacho 1219:Hideo Den 870:Ideology 845:. In the 831:Kaishintō 751:, led by 682:over the 373:socialist 308:Elections 245:Factions: 241:Left-wing 216:Factions: 201:Socialism 173:Newspaper 126:Dissolved 6826:Mataichi 6804:Murayama 6799:Yamahana 6758:Kawakami 6746:Mosaburō 6733:Mosaburō 6722:Kawakami 6717:Katayama 6565:22 April 6558:OhmyNews 5861:Archived 5819:Archived 5769:Archived 5703:Archived 5670:20 April 5247:course.' 5213:Archived 5115:23258199 4976:"国会議員情報" 4702:See also 4681:16 / 126 4674:37 / 252 4643:22 / 126 4636:71 / 252 4605:45 / 126 4598:68 / 252 4569:20 / 126 4562:41 / 252 4532:22 / 126 4525:44 / 252 4495:22 / 126 4488:47 / 250 4458:27 / 126 4451:56 / 249 4420:28 / 130 4413:62 / 250 4384:39 / 125 4377:66 / 249 4348:28 / 126 4341:65 / 250 4312:36 / 127 4305:73 / 251 4274:37 / 127 4267:66 / 250 4238:38 / 127 4231:85 / 250 4200:49 / 127 4193:80 / 250 4162:28 / 125 4155:66 / 250 4124:36 / 125 4117:61 / 250 4084:47 / 250 3943:70 / 511 3849:85 / 512 3567:90 / 486 3179:48 / 466 3079:92 / 468 2910:Ōita 1st 2864:Hosokawa 2811:Miyazawa 2616:Nakasone 2593:(Acting) 1648:reform. 1616:Kakushin 1600:Marxists 1578:Domestic 1573:Ideology 1074:Hokkaido 1014:15 / 250 985:12 / 467 968:10 / 250 961:29 / 467 946:20 / 250 939:39 / 467 922:10 / 250 915:29 / 467 898:17 / 250 891:27 / 467 696:Zaibatsu 668:Sanbetsu 635:and the 575:Hirohito 414:and the 253:far-left 193:Ideology 6821:Yoshida 6779:Asukata 6752:Asanuma 6710:Leaders 6539:조선사회민주당 5867:12 July 5796:12 July 5775:12 July 5709:12 July 5219:12 July 4986:16 July 4030:Leader 3975:Komeito 3970:15.43% 3923:24.39% 3876:17.23% 3829:19.49% 3782:19.31% 3735:19.71% 3688:20.69% 3641:21.90% 3594:21.44% 3547:27.88% 3500:29.03% 3453:27.56% 3406:32.94% 3359:29.21% 3308:26.57% 3257:21.24% 3206:13.50% 3142:26.23% 3095:17.90% 3059:Number 3045:Status 3033:Leader 2985:1996–98 2972:1994–96 2969:himself 2942:– 10440 2908:Rep for 2868:1993–94 2843:Rep for 2815:1991–93 2779:Rep for 2751:1989–91 2723:1987–89 2687:Rep for 2648:Rep for 2620:1982–87 2606:1980–82 2577:1978–80 2539:Rep for 2511:1976–78 2497:1974–76 2483:1972–74 2447:Rep for 2408:Rep for 2346:Rep for 2318:1964–72 2291:Rep for 2247:Cou for 2208:1960–64 2168:Rep for 2140:1957–60 2126:1956–57 2108:1954–56 2087:Rep for 2052:1954–56 2038:1948–54 2034:Yoshida 2017:Rep　for 1978:1954–56 1964:1948–54 1960:Yoshida 1941:Rep for 1902:1948–54 1898:Yoshida 1875:1947–48 1872:himself 1862:1946–47 1858:Yoshida 1841:Rep for 1756:Leaders 1670:Foreign 1455:Kōmeitō 1177:Kōmeitō 1036:0 / 250 1029:6 / 467 1007:5 / 467 992:0 / 250 867:Leader 686:in the 480:History 134: ( 116: ( 108:Founded 94:(first) 6903:(1996) 6897:(1996) 6891:(1977) 6885:(1960) 6879:(1948) 6873:(1948) 6856:(1996) 6850:(1955) 6844:(1955) 6794:Tanabe 6774:Narita 6764:Sasaki 6638: 6619: 6481: 6414: 6380: 6298: 6234: 6203: 5973: 5901:社会民主連合 5853: 5761: 5734: 5695: 5296:(7): 3 5267: 5205: 5113: 4958: 4841: 4811: 4695:11.9% 4689:16.9% 4657:15.8% 4651:17.8% 4619:26.4% 4613:35.1% 4540:16.3% 4503:13.1% 4466:17.3% 4434:26.0% 4428:15.2% 4398:31.2% 4392:21.3% 4362:29.2% 4356:19.8% 4326:32.8% 4320:23.4% 4288:32.8% 4282:24.2% 4252:34.1% 4246:26.5% 4214:37.6% 4208:29.9% 4176:24.5% 4170:20.7% 4138:25.2% 4132:17.3% 4100:23.0% 4094:16.4% 4053:No. of 4043:No. of 4038:No. of 4033:No. of 3956:13.7% 3909:26.6% 3862:16.6% 3815:21.9% 3768:20.9% 3721:20.9% 3674:24.1% 3627:24.0% 3580:18.5% 3533:28.8% 3486:30.8% 3439:31.0% 3392:35.5% 3345:33.4% 3294:29.6% 3243:23.8% 3192:10.3% 3128:30.7% 3086:19.6% 3056:Share 3036:Seats 2241:acting 1884:Ashida 1793:(term) 1766:Photo 1632:After 1261:社会文化会館 1237:社会民主連合 395:, the 371:was a 335: 331: 322: 318: 273: 269:Colors 100:(last) 84:Leader 6276:左翼大辞典 6256:Japan 6212:1993. 5822:(PDF) 5815:(PDF) 5664:(PDF) 5653:(PDF) 5111:JSTOR 4920:' 4878:' 4737:' 4007:–JSP– 3993:-DRP- 2747:Kaifu 2573:Ōhira 2204:Ikeda 2136:Kishi 1912:Right 1543:Labor 1468:Rengō 1411:1990s 1400:Rengō 1386:Sōhyō 1380:Sōhyō 1245:1980s 1195:1970s 1090:Sōhyō 364:abbr. 353:日本社会党 185:] 167:Tokyo 51:日本社会党 6636:ISBN 6617:ISBN 6567:2023 6479:ISBN 6412:ISBN 6378:ISBN 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