Japanese idol - Knowledge

57: 2217: 943: 401: 1834: 74: 268: 1212: 2323: 829: 95: 1682: 250:, though talent agencies may label them under the sub-genre "idol pop" for further distinction. Many idol singers find success as groups rather than individually. Within each idol group, the members are sometimes given distinct roles. One example of a role is the center, who occupies the center position in the group's choreography and thus receives the most focus. Another example is the leader, usually relegated to the oldest or most experienced member in the group, who acts as an intermediary for the members and the staff. 2277:'s business model created more opportunities for fan interactions with their "idols you can meet" concept. An example of this are their elections, where fans can vote for their favorite member, thereby including the fans directly into the members' individual success. Because idols share an intimate relationship with their fans, fans may feel "betrayed" if idols reveal unfavorable parts of their personal lives that are different from the image they present, or break the illusion that they are there exclusively for fans. 2582: 243:

market them as amateurs who will gain experience over the course of their careers and with support from their fans. Despite being trained in multiple roles in entertainment, idols in Japan are not expected to meet the high standards of performances that professionals in their fields do. Because of their manufactured image, idols are generally not regarded as authentic artists. Likewise, many young Japanese artists pursuing careers in acting or music reject the idol label in their bid to be seen as professionals.

431: 38: 2696:, who are aged 15 years and younger. Idol swimsuit photo books are often sold in the same sections as pornographic titles. In 1999, Japan banned production and distribution of sexually explicit depictions of minors, which outlawed photo books depicting nude junior idols. Multiple junior idol distributors closed after possession of child pornography was made illegal in Japan in 2014. However, junior idol content currently stands on legally ambiguous ground due to open interpretations of 2295:

cross-platform to promote idols at the same time by keeping both brand and idol product in the forefront of the consumers' minds. Pitches for commercials are often made with a specific idol who matches the company's image in mind. Idols contracted to particular brands are expected to uphold the brand's image and may not work for competing brands or networks; the agreement extends to magazine advertisements, online videos, and appearances in dramas. Idols may also provide the music or

2649:. Minegishi, in particular, caught international media attention after her apology video went viral, causing international criticism over the management of her group, AKB48, as well as the Japanese idol industry. A talent agency filed a lawsuit against a 17-year-old former idol singer for accepting an invitation to a hotel room from two male fans, which had caused her group to disband within the first 3 months of their debut. In September 2015, Judge Akitomo Kojima, along with the 2053: 2032: 1519: 1627: 2001: 674: 8216: 1614:. Saori Minami, who debuted in 1971, was noted by scholar Masayoshi Sakai to be the turning point of when teenage stars became popular in mainstream media. Music was produced by a shared climate of songwriters and art directors seeking a step towards a depoliticized youth culture. Idols grew in popularity over the 1970s, as they offered audiences escapism from political violence and radical student movements. 1559:, which is retroactively considered the first idol group in Japan. He is also credited with pioneering the idol trainee system, where talents would be accepted in the agency at a young age and train not only in singing, but also dancing and acting, until they were ready for debut. However, the concept of an idol was not defined by mainstream Japanese media until in November 1964, when the 1963 French film 878:, who is credited for pioneering the idol trainee system and popularizing the performance aspect of modern idols, the company has held a monopoly over the male idol industry in Japan, with Kitagawa pressuring the media to reduce coverage on male idols from other companies until his death in 2019. Johnny's idols also rarely get negative press such as scandals due to Kitagawa's influence on the media. 1326:) in that underground idols are active through live performances rather than through exposure from mass media or CD releases through major record labels, thus making them more accessible to fans in comparison to mainstream idols. An example Igari used to describe close relationships that underground idols have with their fans is that underground idols will hold handshake events and take 2531:

given ambiguously worded contracts that keep them in their companies for years, while offering almost no pay and compensation for transportation and costuming fees. Lawyer Kunitaka Kasai stated management may be poor, especially among independent idol groups, because they were established by people with a lack of experience to fill a demand for idols over the industry's growth.

746:. As the anime industry began producing more late-night series in the 2000s, the term "idol voice actor" was popularized when more voice actors with a cultivated fan following began appearing on television. While previous examples involved voice actors who incidentally drew in fans through their singing careers or former idol singers who turned to voice acting, 1669:

inexperienced members would join, with the system being named such as the group drew similarities to a school club. Onyanko Club also led to idols becoming closely associated with television due to the popularity of their variety show, as the visual component became important to the overall enjoyment of their music.

2465:", which was popularized by anime, can be projected onto both idols and fictional characters, linking the two. Some may prefer fictional idols due to them never disbanding, leaving groups, or getting into scandals. A 2005 study by the Nomura Research Institute revealed that idol fans were the third largest group of 2657:, stating that the dating ban was necessary for idols to "win the support of male fans." In January 2016, a similar lawsuit filed with the Tokyo District Court ruled in favor of a 23-year-old former idol, with Judge Kazuya Hara stating that the dating ban "significantly restricts the freedom to pursue happiness." 1490:: Alternative idols, also known as alt-idols or anti-idols, is a term coined by English-speaking communities to describe idol singers that have an image concept and music different from what is considered mainstream, such as having darker images and alternative rock. The alternative idol scene was pioneered by 2660:

Since handshake and other related events allow fans to be in close proximity with idols, critics also believe that marketing the idols' accessibility may cause fans to be unable to distinguish between fantasy and real life. Talent agencies have also been criticized over offering inadequate protection

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noted that idols generally do not have a labor union and agencies see no need for one, as they view idol activities akin to extracurricular activities at school. She voiced concerns about young girls becoming idols at an early age, especially elementary school students. In addition, Sasetsu Takeda of

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in the 1980s, uses idols' public image as a marketing asset. As the career of idols are dependent on their image, contracting offices create their image based upon trends in the market and with the intent of generating as much revenue as possible. Along with promoting products, commercials are also a

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A notable trait of idols that sets them apart from typical celebrities is their relationship with fans, and they are marketed intentionally by talent agencies to have a high emotional connection with their consumer fan base. Fans are built as active supporters into the narrative of the idol's journey

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member Hirohide Yakumaru's success as an MC on variety shows, which prompted them to develop and market their current acts with distinct public personalities. Groups from the company began gaining more attention, drawing in fans from Hong Kong and Taiwan, and their marketing success led to many other

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inspiring an accelerated growth. Journalist Mamoru Onoda estimates there are approximately 2,000 local idols active as of 2021. Most of the local idol groups are independently managed, relying on popularity through word-of-mouth. Several local idol groups who have crossed into mainstream media in the

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Japan's idol industry first emerged in the 1960s and became prominent in the 1970s and 1980s due to television. During the 1980s, regarded as the "Golden Age of Idols", idols drew in commercial interest and began appearing in commercials and television dramas. As more niche markets began to appear in

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The idol system has been criticized for its strict rules, intense work schedules, and offering idols little control over their personal lives. The system has been likened to salarymen in Japan who are unable to disobey their employers. Labor rights activist Shohei Sakagura stated that idols get very

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became a rising star in 1995, the term "gravure idol" was coined to describe her. In the 2000s, there was a significant growth in the gravure idol industry, with many women of different body types modeling. This led to sub-category markets in the gravure idol industry to describe their aesthetic and

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An idol is a type of entertainer whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following. Talent agencies commercialize idols by recruiting preteens and teenagers with little or no experience in the entertainment industry, and market them as aspiring stars. Idols are marketed for

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in 1999. In the 2000s, "chidol" saw fewer usage, and it was eventually replaced by the term "junior idol" to legitimize them as part of the idol industry as well as removing the focus on their age. While the industry is still considered legal in Japan, it has been criticized for sexual exploitation

901:: Junior idols are singers and gravure models who generally are 15 years old and younger. Junior models first grew in popularity in 1995, when child magazine models became popular for their youthfulness and innocence, beginning with the elementary school girls featured in the covers of the magazine 242:

Idols often spend time isolated from family and friends while enduring busy work schedules, with some agencies withholding job assignments from their talents and notifying them of work on short notice to prevent them from taking time off. Some talent agencies do not rigorously train their idols and

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In 2017, through a survey conducted by the Japanese government, 53 out of 197 women contracted with talent agencies stated that they had been asked to take part in pornographic photo or video shoots of which were not previously disclosed nor included in their contracts. 17 of the women stated that

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Idols at the time were seen as ephemeral because of how short-lived their careers were, and how they would disappear from the public after retirement. In public, idols took steps to play a distinct character and uphold an illusion of perfection, such as maintaining a virginal image. Other examples

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wrote that talent agencies dismiss idols regardless of their popularity, sometimes intentionally blocking job offers in order to pressure them to leave, all while declaring that they are "resting from illness" to the public. Independently managed idol groups offer even less protection, with idols

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being the first notable idol franchise to include this. These franchises set the fans in the active contributing role of the "producer" and regularly involved interactivity, as input made by the players were crucial to the idols' success. The growth of idol-related media mix projects in anime and

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criticized some idol managements for intentionally preventing their talents from taking time off, mentioning it "strange" that idols are only notified of their assignments the night before. He also condemned the idol industry for not providing talents access to better mental health resources, as

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as an example, male idols appeal to female fans by representing a pseudo-romantic ideal for them. However, there are some female fans, particularly in Japan, who prefer to put themselves in the role of an external observer. For them, the absence of other women is a way of watching the male idols

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also found a fan following. However, neither Amuro nor Speed referred to themselves under the idol label. While idols appeared less in mainstream media, the popularity of Onyanko Club from the 1980s led to an increase of idol groups with large numbers of members debuting in the 1990s, performing

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At the same time, male idols gained popularity, with acts from Johnny & Associates normalizing idols singing and dancing at the same time. However, fewer male idol acts from other companies achieved the same success as Johnny's idols due to the company's CEO, Johnny Kitagawa, controlling the

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Fans spend money on merchandise and endorsed products to directly support their favorites, comparing it to spending money on "loved ones"; some express feeling happy that they were able to make someone they admired happy. Dedicated fans may give up their careers and devote their life savings to

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types due to how easily they can relate to the public. One documented example are fans of female idols, typically consisting of men from 30 to 40 years of age, who seek interactions with them as a way of having a long-term relationship without the prospect of supporting a family or dealing with

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to describe the phenomenon. Lawyer Kunitaka Kasai cited the Internet as a reason for the rapid growth of idols, as anyone can upload videos onto websites, and AKB48's business model encouraged this even further through creating more opportunities for fan interactivity. The 2013 television drama

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In March 2018, Ehime Girls member Honoka Omoto died by suicide, with her family launching a lawsuit against her talent agency in October 2018. Allegedly, Omoto was working 10 hours a day at the expense of her studies and when she had asked to leave the group, a staff member threatened her with

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Onyanko Club, in particular, shifted public perception of idols from professional stars to ordinary schoolgirls who would gain experience throughout their career. They were also the first group to introduce a "graduation system", where older members would eventually leave the group while newer

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noted that stylized school uniforms being used as costumes gained popularity through AKB48 due to their unique designs, the short skirts, and the neatness of the uniform. The uniforms found popularity with men, as they represent their "eternal longing" and nostalgia for high school, while only

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Television greatly impacted the popularity of the idol phenomenon, as beginning in the 1970s, many idols were recruited through audition programs. In addition, the availability of having home television sets gave audiences greater accessibility of seeing idols at any time compared to going to

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as examples, as both of them were established actresses and singers in mainstream Japanese entertainment before entering voice acting. Hirano, in particular, was strongly marketed as an idol at the height of her voice acting career, from the late 2000s to the early 2010s. While character song

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Idols are often sexualized, especially female idols, some of whom also work as gravure idols and have suggestive swimsuit photo shoots that are published in magazines targeted towards adults. With the idol system commodifying youth, the industry is criticized for putting minors at risk, most

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launching the Billboard Japan Hot Animation Chart on December 1, 2010, exclusively for anime and video game music releases. Fictional idols have been treated like real-life celebrities. Idol-themed anime and video game series have been compared to the sports genre in anime due to a similar

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the late 2000s and early 2010s, it led to a significant growth in the industry known as the "Idol Warring Period." Today, over 10,000 teenage girls in Japan are idols, with over 3,000 groups active. Japan's idol industry has been used as a model for other pop idol industries, such as

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who emerged with the accessibility of the Internet in the 1990s, using self-made websites and blogs to discuss their daily lives. Net idols currently conduct the majority of their activities through video streaming websites and social media beginning in the 2000s. Around March 2007,

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Around 1985, idols soon became unpopular after the public became disillusioned with the idol system. By the 1990s, public interest in idols began to wane, as audiences lost interest in singing and audition programs, particularly due to a shift in attitudes caused by Japan's

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in the early 2000s. When AKB48 debuted in 2006, the group used a school concept and the members have performed in various stylized costumes based on school uniforms. Since then, other groups have used stylized school uniforms as costumes, such as AKB48's sister groups,

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Beginning in the 1980s, companies would compete to secure contracts for idols in dramas, which led to the current four-season television cour in Japan. Variety, talk, and music shows also became popular, in part for featuring idols as guests or the stars of the show.

2158:, applying to people who do not have a favorite member or group. The term has negative connotations. Writer Riyan suggests that while there are fans with no favorite members or groups, they are not likely to identify themselves as DD. A variation of DD is the word 3925: 2612:, where dating is seen as a distraction from preparing for tournaments. On the other hand, critics have suggested a dating ban is implemented in order to sell a fantasy of idols being accessible to their fans and disagreed with them for being inhumane. 258:

Idols are seen as role models to the public, and their personal lives and image can sometimes be tightly controlled by their talent agencies. Common restrictions include not being allowed to smoke or drink in public, or pursue romantic relationships.

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representative director, Hiroaki Nagata, and the group's management companies for voyeurism and sexual harassment during her time with the group, and Nagata filed a counter lawsuit for libel and resigned several days later. On February 10, 2020, the

1586:" from the film sold more than a million copies in Japan. Vartan was heralded for her youthful, adorable looks and musical talent, leading the Japanese entertainment industry to assign the word "idol" to singers who shared a similar aesthetic. 758:

were intentionally produced and marketed as idol voice actors by their record labels. Around the time when the Idol Warring Period was occurring during the mid-to-late 2000s, there was a significant boom in idols voice acting in anime, with

6146: 371:'s final single before retirement was released around graduation season in Japan. Prior to the 1980s, the terms "retirement" and "disbandment" were used. "Graduation" saw usage again in the 1990s during the revival of idol groups when 6628: 344:

Idols are typically expected to change careers after aging out of the industry, with female idols typically changing careers at age 25 and male idols at ages 30–45. Idols who leave a group are often given a farewell concert known as

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More young people yielded aspirations to be defined as an artist instead of an idol. During this decline, public perception of idols again shifted from inexperienced amateurs to strong, independent women, in part due to a rehaul in

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debuted in 2005 and later became known as nation's idol group. The public image of idols had diversified, with each idol group having a specific concept appealing to different audiences. To celebrate the diversity of idols, AKB48,

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regarding one of the members leaving the group. An idol having a "graduation" ceremony is seen more favorably than terminating a contract or voluntarily withdrawing, as the latter two terms are negatively connoted with scandals.

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Idols generally perform in elaborate costumes for specific performances. Costumes are created for each song in their promotion cycle, as well as graduation events, and some groups have their own in-house costume designer.

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were already common in the film industry by then, some voice actors also began making crossover television, stage, and concert appearances as their characters as well, leading them to be closely associated with one

4161: 8150: 8051: 2588:(pictured 2009) made international news in 2013 after a video of her with a shaved head as penance went viral. This followed news reports suggesting she was in a relationship, which led to her demotion in 283:, in particular, has had over 1,102 costumes created for the group since 2017. The outfits worn by female idols are generally described as "cute", while outfits worn by male idols are described as "cool." 4479: 2368:

would provide the voice to the main character and portray her at music events; the series was used as a vehicle to launch her singing career. The first fictional idol to cross over to mainstream media is

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also inspired more idol groups to appear, the majority of them being "local idols" who performed in specific rural communities. Several independent idol groups also crossed over into mainstream, such as

6096: 7733: 6134: 7917: 8117: 1905:'s live concerts, which was the highest record of all female musicians in Japan. Momoiro Clover Z has been ranked as the most popular female idol group from 2013 to 2017 according to surveys by 1023:, local idols primarily promote in rural areas in their specific communities, where accessibility to celebrities is limited. The emergence of local idols was traced back to the early 2000s with 2514:

little revenue and are ill-prepared for the work force after leaving their groups, as many of them spend their academic years learning poor job skills. In addition to this, Rob Schwartz from

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In the mid-1990s, there was an increase in young idols in the elementary school age, which the media described as the "Chidol (child idol) Boom." The term "chidol" was coined by journalist

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in the mid-to-late 2010s, the term saw usage again to refer to collaborative idol groups promoting primarily in Japan, but with music, styling, marketing, and presentation produced in the

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In the 1970s and 1980s a televised star-search audition became the basis for the development of the Japanese pop idol system—the process by which media industries manufactured pop idols.

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from the troubles of daily life. Idols are predominantly singers, but are also often trained in acting, dancing, and modeling. This style of recruiting and training was pioneered by

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include being told not to use restrooms in public and answering interview questions about their favorite food with feminine-sounding answers such as "strawberries" and "shortcake."

65:(pictured 2016), the longest-running female idol group, renewed interest in idols in the 1990s. They hold the record for the most consecutive top 10 singles for any Japanese artist. 7519:"New Market Scale Estimation for Otaku: Population of 1.72 Million with Market Scale of ¥411 Billion – NRI classifies 5 types of otaku group, proposing a "New 3Cs" marketing frame" 6890: 7074: 5703: 1901:, has taken place. More than 200 idol groups and about 1500 idols performed, attracting more than 80,000 spectators in 2017. During 2014, about 486,000 people attended AKB48 and 4641: 2629:

Several idols who were confirmed to have been dismissed, suspended, demoted, or forced to leave their groups following reports of them dating or having sexual relations include

501:: Bandols are idol groups that play instruments and perform as bands. The term first emerged in the 2000s as a shortening of the phrase, "a new genre of neither bands nor idols" 146:. Idols are primarily singers with training in other performance skills such as acting, dancing, and modeling. Idols are commercialized through merchandise and endorsements by 4956: 2131:

Because mainstream Japanese media exercises self-censorship over taboo, controversial subjects, fans are influential in circulating under-reported news through social media.

6260: 7950: 6792: 8084: 4920: 3417: 5097: 2124:, an organized sequence of fan chants and dancing to show appreciation for the idols. Fan chants where an idol's name is called after each bar is sung was popularized by 7597: 7884: 5680: 3773: 1736:

under independent record labels. These idols became known as underground idols. Because of the lack of publicity over idols on television, many turned to the Internet.

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Idols often appear in advertising, with 50–70% of commercials in Japan featuring an idol. The "CM idol" business model, conceptualized by advertising agency

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noted that aside from talent agencies, idol fan culture has contributed to this, especially with male fans of female idols; male fans buy into the idea of "

290:, who debuted in 1985 with a concept based on school. Following their disbandment in 1987, other groups began adopting school uniforms as costumes, such as 7850: 7496: 4443: 1975:. In the years that followed, several Japanese and South Korean companies collaborated to form K-pop influenced groups for a global consumer base, such as 5611: 2424:, became popular. Professor Marc Steinberg suggested that the popularity of idol-related media mix projects may stem from the managerial aspect found in 8107: 7907: 7401: 6825: 6566: 6538: 3150: 1240: 6759: 3543: 400: 286:

Among many idol groups, school uniforms have been used as a standard costume. The integration of school uniforms in the idol industry originated from

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Glasspool, Lucy (2012). "From Boys Next Door to Boys' Love: Gender Performance in Japanese Male Idol Media". In Galbraith P.W.; Karlin J.G. (eds.).

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and video games also held successful singing careers in addition to voice acting. Early examples of voice actors who had an idol-like presence were

7575: 3968: 1344: 544:: Gravure idols are models who pose in provocative swimsuit and lingerie photographs in magazines and photo books marketed towards men, similar to 475: 8009: 7827: 4116: 1192:

software, who subsequently saw positive reception from amateur songwriters, with her character and music based on user-generated content. Virtual

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idols are often suspended or dismissed for publicly showing they are stressed out of concern that they may cause fans to feel worried or upset.

564: 552:, who rose to fame in Japan, is considered the first gravure idol despite the term not existing at the time. Other notable swimsuit models were 6354: 4041: 4001: 480: 406: 7289: 5568: 3708: 1103:, which in turn led people into performing choreographed dances from anime series and idol groups. Notable creators of dance covers, known as 392:

The diversity of Japan's idol industry has created several sub-category markets, each with a specific concept appealing to certain audiences.

7182: 5637: 4399: 6292: 5180: 5129: 8236: 5998: 4361:["I believe we'll meet again, 20 years later in August": the lining of Zone's hits and record of their brief but rich activities]. 4297: 3625: 3503: 955: 919:, child actresses and models who became popular in Japanese media. In the following years, it led to what the media named the "Chidol Boom" 7624: 5441: 5361: 5206: 4646: 3041: 6880: 6388: 6051: 4046: 4006: 3973: 3579: 2849: 1673:

media and pressuring certain programs not to invite male idols from competing agencies, as he would continue to until his death in 2019.

1352: 1166:: Virtual idols are digital avatars representing a fictional character or persona. The first fictional idol gaining mainstream crossover 960: 7066: 3730: 1911:, There were more than 10,000 teenage girls who performed as idols in Japan in 2017. In 2019, there were over 3,000 female idol groups. 911:

was launched, featuring elementary and middle school girls as their core demographic. At the center of the phenomenon's popularity were

4815: 3674: 3005: 4093: 1298:. Underground idols first emerged in the 1990s when idol groups with large numbers of members began appearing after the popularity of 6224: 1936:

In the early 2010s, the diversification of the idol industry led to several acts mixing pop music with other musical genres such as

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The idol industry experienced a rapid growth in the beginning of the 2010s, and the media coined the nickname "Idol Warring Period"

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Work schedules for idols have been criticized for being excessive, as idols are expected to work even when sick. Miki Gonobe from

7940: 7431: 8074: 7518: 7453: 6782: 4910: 4715: 4397:[Babymetal dominates the world! The birth of the "round-style idol" and a history of all-female bands (Sharin Yamano)]. 3407: 5510: 1606:, some of the idols recruited through television, were some of the more popular figures of this era, along with groups such as 308: 7589: 7036: 5401: 5087: 7874: 7113: 5670: 4330: 3763: 1448:

idols as distinct from anime songs, with most composers being "amateurs" and its organic music culture facing a state of the

734:. Beginning in the 1990s, several voice actors held successful concurrent singing careers alongside of voice acting, such as 471:: AV (adult video) idols generally refer to pornographic actresses and models, with the industry first emerging in the 1980s. 4884: 3300: 3218: 2395:

was received positively among amateur music producers, who used her as an avatar to perform their compositions, influencing

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supporting and following their favorite members. To foster a closeness between idols and fans, some talent agencies offer

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video games was also seen as an attempt from the Japanese government to market Japanese pop culture overseas through the

1031:. The "Idol Warring Period" in the 2010s led to an increase in the number of local idols, with the 2013 television drama 2626:", which fetishizes weakness and submissiveness while asserting "complete control" over the girls' sexual independence. 2596:

Most idols are not allowed to form romantic relationships or must obtain permission from their agencies to get married.

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initiative. Music produced by voice actor idols and fictional idols have crossed over to mainstream music charts, with

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their image, attractiveness, and personalities. An idol's main objective is to "sell dreams", offering fans a form of

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Fans are swaying glow sticks in the color of their favorite band member and cheering their idols with chants. When a

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The influence idols had on television led the 1980s to be known as the "Golden Age of Idols", in part due to Japan's

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of minors. Many junior idol distributors closed after possession of child pornography was outlawed in Japan in 2014.

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in the 1970s, who gained a sizeable female following after forming their band, Slapstick. In the 1980s, idol singer

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idols crossing over to mainstream media. Dempagumi.inc's music producer, Maiko Fukushima, describes the music from

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violence while Takahiro Sasaki, the head of her managing company, told her she would have to pay a penalty fee of

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member sings a solo line, everyone shouts her name. (For example, from 2:11: "Maimi!", "Airi!", "Maimi!", "Airi!")

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in Japan, which was sparked partially from positive reception of the Japanese members of the South Korean group

1476:, one of Japan's most recognized idol groups nationwide, originated from Akihabara, but it is not considered an 1310:, both underground idols, describe them as being different from mainstream idols (nicknamed "above-ground idols" 3843: 2748: 2717: 5426:[Kozue Aikawa, an idol who debuted from Nico Nico Douga: "If it weren't for Niconico, I might've become a 4411: 2607: 17: 6815: 6560: 6532: 5835:[(Sub-culture frontline) What are underground idols? A new unit from Akihabara makes a direct hit]. 5466:["She has so much cuteness!" British net idol Beckii Cruel makes her first television appearance!]. 3142: 2520:

addressed that Japanese mainstream media outlets rarely bring attention to controversies and allegations of

669:, as some of their members also did gravure modeling; as a result, the demand for newer talents was reduced. 6749: 3703: 3533: 2360: 2317: 1122: 558: 5927: 5840: 3241: 4286:[When Idols Shone Brightly: Development of Japan, the Idol Nation, and the Trajectory of Idols]. 1385:

idols are type of underground idol based in the Akihabara district of Tokyo, drawing influences from its

874:, who have led strong careers both individually and as a group. Since the company was founded in 1962 by 2802: 8206: 7815: 5506: 5092: 4124: 3736: 2662: 2273:, where fans have the opportunity to shake hands, take a photograph, and speak briefly with the idols. 2043: 1833: 1499: 2326:

A banner posted at Numazu City Hall celebrates the fictional idol group Aqours, from the anime series

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to gain public and media attention and making use of a darker image than that of the idol scene norm.

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strategy, various multimedia projects have used fictional idols to market Japanese pop culture and

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polls of 20,000 people. Other male idols also found success as underground idols, as well as anime

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and growing commercial interest in them. Several figures who defined the Golden Age of Idols are

1024: 946: 411: 151: 4283: 3493: 800:: While Japan and South Korea agencies have created collaborative idol groups in the past, with 7135: 6683: 5423: 5371: 4636: 3569: 3174:

Islands of Eight Million Smiles: Idol Performance and Symbolic Production in Contemporary Japan

3031: 2807: 2713: 2249: 1552: 863: 836: 367:, as the group's youthful concept drew similarities to an after-school club, and the fact that 228: 7209:

Through a Looking Glass Darkly: Television Advertising, Idols, and the Making of Fan Audiences

6376: 6031: 5794:"The dark side of Japan's underground idols: Little pay, long hours and unbreakable contracts" 5499:[Keekihime, a talent drawn in by Nico Douga (A past and present tale on Nico Douga)]. 3963: 3326: 2837: 1759:" to legitimize them as part of the idol industry as well as removing the focus on their age. 929:, with the term "chidol" (a combination of the words "child" and "idol") coined by journalist 7234:

The Jimusho System: Understanding the Production Logic of the Japanese Entertainment Industry

6037: 3740: 3658: 3412: 2328: 1787: 1732: 687: 178: 47: 8173:"26.9% of aspiring models, idols have been asked to perform sex acts for the camera: survey" 4805: 2985: 2604:, likened the group's dating ban to similar dating bans for baseball teams competing at the 2237:

awkwardness outside of a controlled environment. The idol fan culture idealizes the idea of

7691:"Former Niji No Conquistador Idol Sues pixiv Representative Director for Sexual Harassment" 6383: 5606: 5210: 4083: 3930: 3839: 3805: 2844: 2650: 2566: 2557: 2516: 1883: 1211: 1181: 1043: 331: 267: 73: 2334: 1688:(pictured 2017) saw popularity among girls in the 1990s, despite rejecting the idol label. 8: 6214: 5860: 2489: 2442:

competitive nature and team-building the characters face, as well as being linked to the

2134:

Idol fan culture has introduced several slang terms into the Japanese public, including:

1898: 1694: 1561: 1527: 7851:"Ex-Morning Musume star Ai Kago blazing a trail back to top (using a cigarette lighter)" 6318: 4738: 8112: 8014: 7728: 7695: 7491: 6621:"Why One J-Pop Girl Group is Covering Themselves in Fake Semen To Protest Idol Culture" 5175: 4987: 4951: 4879: 4771: 4474: 4156: 4088: 3498: 3177: 3036: 2420: 2380: 1772: 1449: 1074: 743: 712: 7423: 4288: 3450:"Johnny Kitagawa: The mogul who defined and controlled Japan's entertainment industry" 2682: 2322: 7569: 7522: 7463: 7391: 7237: 7212: 7109: 7002: 6852: 6041: 5762: 5501: 5296: 4707: 4594: 4521: 4363: 4326: 4293: 3664: 3332: 3290: 3251: 3208: 3181: 3106: 2995: 2770: 2721: 2661:

towards idols after several incidents of violent attacks on female idols such as the

1941: 1819: 1728: 1525:(pictured 1966) is the codifier of the term "idol", after her appearance in the film 907: 6933:

Ibaraki Christian University Faculty of Letters Department of Cultural Exchange 2016

5496: 5393: 4875:"Exporting the template: K-pop agencies' overseas idol projects yield solid results" 1802:, were also marketed as idols to promote both their activities and singing careers. 1755:

In the 2000s, "chidol" saw fewer usage, and it was eventually replaced by the term "

1731:, found popularity among young girls who emulated her appearance. At the same time, 1681: 828: 94: 7978: 7855: 7101: 7028: 5638:"Animated pop star Hatsune Miku is only 10, but she has had a huge impact on music" 5226: 3800: 2733: 2646: 2585: 2521: 2266: 2232:

to become a professional entertainer, viewing them as siblings, daughters/sons, or

2062: 1953: 1937: 1902: 1818:

performed a medley called "Special Medley: Latest Japan Proud Culture" at the 58th

1540: 1536: 1486: 1200: 190: 79: 8108:"Japan Outlaws Possession of Child Pornography, but Comic Book Depictions Survive" 1650: 8177: 8046: 7945: 7629: 6885: 6820: 6787: 6754: 6721: 6688: 6345:"Suicide of teen draws attention to poor working conditions, harassment of idols" 6255: 6219: 6187: 6091: 6003: 5798: 5708: 5675: 5642: 5573: 5134: 4915: 4874: 3630: 3574: 3454: 3379: 3284: 3202: 2614: 2597: 2438: 2425: 2270: 1963:

Beginning in the mid-to-late 2010s, the Japanese idol industry crossed over with

1891: 1837: 1657:. Television programs in which idols appeared often enjoyed high viewer ratings. 1638: 1611: 1607: 1591: 1548: 1193: 1047: 875: 801: 717: 224: 7258: 5704:"How virtual streamers like Kizuna Ai became Japan's biggest YouTube attraction" 5243: 4036: 3996: 2446:

for featuring attractive people of the same gender interacting with each other.

2364:

was the first notable anime series to use a media mix marketing strategy, where

1890:, the latter of which gained mainstream popularity after a photo of then-member 1633:(pictured 1985) is one of the idols defining the 1980s, the Golden Age of Idols. 728:

eventually became a voice actress after gaining recognition for playing lead in

142:

is a type of entertainer marketed for image, attractiveness, and personality in

50:

for "largest pop group", with more than 90 members divided among several teams.

7785: 7620: 5432: 5166: 4942: 4223: 3879: 2777: 2642: 2443: 2414: 2233: 1860: 1811: 1776: 1768: 1662: 1646: 1630: 1595: 1327: 912: 579: 575: 430: 376: 314: 62: 37: 7355: 5328: 2110:

to support idols at concerts and public appearances. During these events, the

2056: 2035: 1665:, where idols were able to gain fame by singing and appearing in commercials. 8230: 7822: 6421: 5932: 5865: 4843: 4779: 4438: 4390: 3768: 3538: 2581: 2543: 2536: 2526: 1887: 1879: 1841: 1799: 1748: 1720: 1642: 1579: 1522: 1433: 1215: 1132: 1039: 930: 770: 751: 735: 730: 725: 665:. The gravure idol industry faced a decline in 2010 due to the popularity of 319: 295: 110: 7105: 6994: 5463: 4675: 4436:[Former bandol group Zone reunites again 10 years later in August]. 2524:

due to self-censorship on what they are allowed to write. Sasetsu Takeda of

2365: 2253:

interact with one another and imagining their interactions to be similar to

1956:" by English-speaking publications. They have also been known for utilising 8220: 8145: 7912: 7546:"The Virtual YouTube World Is in Uproar. What's the Virtual YouTube World?" 7456:[Announcement regarding the beginning the Billboard Japan Charts]. 6349: 6287: 5895: 5248: 4838: 2743: 2630: 2392: 2299:

for commercials. The idol industry makes approximately $ 1 billion a year.

2220: 1949: 1930: 1780: 1740: 1654: 1599: 1495: 1429: 1400: 1307: 1299: 1185: 1147: 1136: 1117: 739: 545: 525: 421: 417: 364: 323: 287: 182: 166: 147: 105: 7756:"【報告】アイドルグループ「虹のコンキスタドール」元メンバー及びERA共同代表理事と、元プロデューサー永田寛哲氏との間で行われた裁判の判決について" 7322: 6961: 6588: 6504: 5999:"From cosplay fan to idol, Yuriko Tiger's journey has been a colorful one" 4547: 4190: 2092:." Beginning in the 1980s, they formed cheering groups known as bodyguards 1518: 8079: 7294: 6650: 6476: 6087:"Show biz exploits 'volunteerism' image in packaging of latest teen idol" 5900: 5855: 5757: 5291: 5025: 4589: 4358: 4136: 3795: 3320: 3318: 2760: 2755: 2693: 2621: 2460: 2370: 2240: 2125: 1968: 1957: 1795: 1762: 1756: 1724: 1685: 1626: 1603: 1303: 1167: 1079: 916: 882: 805: 755: 721: 677: 518: 291: 232: 202: 170: 82:(pictured 2012) ranked number one among female idol groups, according to 6918: 6448: 6033:

Recentering Globalization: Popular Culture and Japanese Transnationalism

4152:"Keyakizaka46 Member Yurina Hirate Leaves Group Following Health Issues" 2061:

The audience is filled with fans dressed in the color of their favorite

7458: 2638: 2434: 2408: 2000: 1907: 1815: 1177: 866:

are nicknamed "Johnny's idols" by the media and include groups such as

766: 436: 84: 4322:

Japanese Schoolgirl Confidential: How Teenage Girls Made a Nation Cool

3315: 680:(pictured 2018) was one of the first voice actors marketed as an idol. 326:, with some modifications to suit the groups' image and choreography. 8141:"Schoolgirls for sale: why Tokyo struggles to stop the 'JK business'" 7755: 7397: 7067:"Why a pop idol's stand against her assault sparked outrage in Japan" 6023: 3247: 2991: 2782: 2493: 2398: 2347: 1926: 1825: 1791: 1544: 1380: 1221: 1196: 1140: 1128: 747: 673: 549: 380: 196: 100: 7724:"pixiv Representative Director Resigns From Company Amidst Lawsuits" 3831: 3096: 3094: 3092: 2484:

In the late-2010s, the idol agency influenced the business model of

1921:

was ranked as the most popular artist overall in Japan according to

949:(pictured 2015) began as a local idol group performing in Hiroshima. 7658:"After Idol's Death, Bullying And Intimidation Allegations Surface" 7177: 5437: 5366: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4470:"AKB48 Rumored to End Swimsuit Gravure Photos for Underage Members" 3660:

Fanning the Flames: Fans and Consumer Culture in Contemporary Japan

2765: 2388: 1915: 1715:

to describe the stagnation of the idol industry beginning in 1990.

1463: 1408: 1203:

who similarly conduct their activities through a digital avatar on

1189: 1100: 1054: 220: 174: 6410: 6408: 6406: 5792:

Ogawa, Misa; Isobe, Mayuko; Hirabayashi, Misa (21 December 2018).

4394: 1830:

idols" with each act described as a different sub-genre of idols.

7879: 5963:"Singing Songs of Rebellion: Meet 7 of Japan's Alternative Idols" 5569:"Virtual idol Kyoko Date breaks new ground in cyberspace project" 4404: 3089: 2738: 2653:, ruled in favor of the talent agency and fined the woman to pay 2634: 2375: 2119: 2013: 1873: 1556: 1404: 1204: 1172: 1033: 1028: 603: 452: 440: 299: 274:(pictured 2010) popularized stylized school uniforms as costumes. 186: 46:(pictured 2009) is Japan's best-selling idol group and holds the 4614: 1767:

The 2000s saw the rise in popularity of idol groups again after

1676: 7662: 7327: 6966: 6593: 6403: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5541: 5468: 5333: 4806:"日韓合同アイドル「NiziU」大躍進に沸く韓国「彼女たちのように日韓が協力しあえば世界を席巻できるのに」【日韓経済戦争】" 4743: 4680: 4552: 4195: 3764:"Unraveling a fantasy: A beginner's guide to Japanese idol pop" 2485: 2384: 2353: 2296: 2291: 1976: 1922: 1918: 1658: 871: 832: 813: 775: 761: 517:, which was used to describe the marketing concept of the band 372: 231:, and has since been used in other pop idol industries such as 8042:"Court rules pop idol has right to pursue happiness, can date" 4947:"Johnny Kitagawa: Power, Abuse, and the Japanese Media Omerta" 4084:"As Japan Ages, Pop 'Idols' Aren't as Spry as They Used to Be" 2457:, and most fans of anime are also fans of idols. The idea of " 2332:, for being accepted as a participating performer in the 2018 2071:

Passionate male fans of idols are colloquially referred to as

1783:, who competed in magazine and photo book sales. In addition, 1513: 8075:"Unreported World: Series 39 - Episode 1: Schoolgirl Pin-ups" 6997:[It's a bad thing for idol fans to identify as DD?]. 6133:

Saijō, Noboru; Kiuchi, Eita; Ueda, Yasutaka (15 March 2016).

2601: 2589: 2561: 2478: 2474: 2468: 2454: 2450: 2406:

In the early 2010s, idol-themed multimedia projects, such as

2343: 2274: 2224: 2087: 1984: 1972: 1964: 1806: 1784: 1535:

The popularity of young female singers can be traced back to

1473: 1453: 1388: 1229: 821: 809: 707: 666: 280: 271: 247: 236: 159: 43: 7974:"Sacrificial idols: in J-pop, Teen Dreams Become Nightmares" 5985: 5200: 5198: 1805:

While idols briefly experienced another decline after 2002,

109:, is the highest charting Japanese-language album on the US 7625:"Inside the Weird, Dangerous World of Japan's Girl 'Idols'" 7521:. Nomura Research Institute. 6 October 2005. Archived from 7390:

Steinberg, Marc (20 April 2020). "Managing the media mix".

7290:"Creamy Mami Character Goods Prove Showa Idols Are Forever" 6183:"'Golden age' of kayoukyoku holds lessons for modern J-pop" 5856:"地下アイドル、そして応援するファンの実情。内側と外側から業界を見つめる、地下アイドル・姫乃たまインタビュー【前編】" 5427: 2832: 2830: 2256: 867: 4739:"月島きらり starring 久住小春（モーニング娘。）『スーパーアイドル・きらりの2ndシングルPV到着！』-" 3201:

Galbraith, Patrick W.; Karlin, Jason G. (31 August 2012).

1739:

Johnny & Associates observed the popularity of former

1226:

idol group, with music and performances influenced by the

336:

gaining popularity with women in the 2010s through anime.

7590:"The Vtuber Industry: Corporatization, Labor, and Kawaii" 7166: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7070: 6655: 5238: 5236: 5207:"'Little idols': Japan's dark obsession with young girls" 5195: 3883: 3619: 3617: 3368: 3146: 3070: 2878:(in Japanese) (June, 2013). Nikkei BP: 48–49. 4 May 2013. 1980: 817: 7385: 7383: 7381: 7236:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Limited. pp. 36–37. 7211:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Limited. pp. 72–75. 6244: 6242: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6074: 6072: 5787: 5785: 5631: 5629: 5537:"The Fictional (Yet Amazingly Popular) Singers of Japan" 5123: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5081: 5079: 5077: 4904: 4902: 3735:[Culture - Music - Popular Music] (in Russian). 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3563: 3561: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3348: 2827: 8066: 7908:"For Japan's Justin Biebers, No Selena Gomezes Allowed" 6881:"An idol's fans have the power to make change in Japan" 3276: 3243:

Japanese Popular Music: Culture, Authenticity and Power

2987:

Japan Pop: Inside the World of Japanese Popular Culture

835:(pictured 2019) is a best-selling male idol group from 443:, both appears in adult videos and performs as an idol. 246:

Music from idol singers is generally categorized under

8010:"Idol Fined 650,000 Yen for Dating Contract Violation" 7259:"メディアミックスプロジェクト戦国時代が到来？ DJ、お笑い、戦国武将……多種多様に広がるコンテンツの現在" 7155: 6922: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6328: 5751: 5424:"「ニコニコ動画」からアイドルデビューした愛川こずえ「ニコニコがなかったらたぶんニートになってた（笑）」" 5233: 4395:"BABYMETALが世界を征服！「ラウド系アイドル」を生んだアイドル＆ガールズ・バンドの歴史【山野車輪】" 3957: 3955: 3953: 3626:"AKB48 member's 'penance' shows flaws in idol culture" 3408:"Why The Blueprint For K-Pop Actually Came From Japan" 2968:(in Japanese) (June, 2018). Nikkei BP: 81. 4 May 2018. 2619: 2605: 2466: 2458: 2396: 2351: 2254: 2245:, where vulnerability is seen as an attractive trait. 2238: 2117: 2111: 2085: 2011: 2005: 1823: 1763:

2000–present: Media crossovers and Idol Warring Period

1477: 1467: 1457: 1443: 1437: 1423: 1394: 1386: 1378: 1227: 1219: 194: 8204: 7378: 6239: 6161: 6069: 5791: 5782: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5626: 5561: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5112: 5074: 4976: 4974: 4899: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 3594: 3558: 3432: 3345: 5530: 5528: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5130:"Photos of preteen girls in thongs now big business" 4868: 4866: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 3534:"No More Objectification of Me: 女性アイドルはなぜ「謝らされる」のか?" 3143:"The Japanese obsession with girl bands - explained" 8099: 6962:"【AKB48編】ファンが使っているあの言葉の意味は？ "沼落ち寸前のあなたに贈る"アイドル用語辞典" 6450:第10回好きなアーティストランキング『嵐が史上初の4連覇！音楽ファン2万人が選ぶTOP20の結果は？』 6325: 5889: 5887: 5014: 5012: 5010: 3950: 1099:) became popular in video-sharing websites such as 8003: 8001: 7808: 7314: 7065:Jozuka, Eriko; Yakatsuki, Yoko (16 January 2019). 7060: 7058: 7056: 7054: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6114: 5728: 5362:"「デジタル特捜隊ネットの有名人たちspecial ネットアイドルBEST10 1999年夏篇」" 5268: 5171:"In Tokyo, a Crackdown on Sexual Images of Minors" 5154: 4971: 4935: 4572: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4068: 3650: 2950:(in Japanese) (June, 2017). Nikkei BP. 4 May 2017. 2932:(in Japanese) (June, 2016). Nikkei BP. 4 May 2016. 2914:(in Japanese) (June, 2015). Nikkei BP. 2 May 2015. 2896:(in Japanese) (June, 2014). Nikkei BP. 2 May 2014. 7941:"Rino Sashihara: Can one 'idol' beat the system?" 7618: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5525: 5386: 5316: 4863: 4661: 4534: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4463: 4461: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4176: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3755: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3061: 3059: 3032:"Why Can't Idol Singers Have Lives of Their Own?" 3025: 3023: 1779:. Around the same time, there was an increase in 1621: 8228: 7173:"なぜアニメやアイドルに、お金を注ぐの？「沼」にハマる女性たちを描く『浪費図鑑』の作者に聞いた" 7100:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 113–130. 5884: 5602:"Kyoko Date: The world's first virtual pop star" 5488: 5007: 4312: 3723: 3656: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3286:Japan at the Millennium: Joining Past and Future 3101:Galbraith, Patrick W.; Karlin, Jason G. (2012). 1697:. The media coined the term "Idol Winter Period" 1180:was created as the first virtual idol. In 2007, 7998: 7064: 7051: 6921:[The semantic change and generalization of 6717:"Bridges built by the power of K-pop and J-pop" 6132: 6111: 5394:"『ニコニコ動画』で定番ジャンルとなった"踊ってみた"動画！何故踊る？その心理を聞いてみた" 5046: 5044: 4763: 4359:"20年後の8月また出会えるのを信じて――ZONEのヒットの裏側と、短くも濃密な活動の記録" 3570:"Why Japanese idol trainees lag behind Koreans" 3200: 3100: 2101: 1897:Since 2010, the biggest idol concert festival, 1857: 1706: 1422:is a dedicated venue where they perform. While 1366: 1319: 1291: 1275: 1259: 1199:, who first appeared in 2016, led to a boom of 1159: 1066: 1016: 974: 894: 855: 793: 699: 658: 642: 626: 592: 537: 510: 494: 464: 354: 135: 7462:(in Japanese). 1 December 2010. Archived from 7356:"「うたプリ」「Bプロ」…女性ターゲットのアイドルアニメ大豊作！新時代の覇者は生まれるか" 6783:"NiziU: Made in South Korea, totally Japanese" 5818: 4494: 4458: 4246: 3902: 3858: 3474: 3119: 3056: 3020: 2200: 2185: 2164: 2147: 2095: 2077: 1851: 1700: 1571: 1360: 1333: 1313: 1285: 1269: 1253: 1153: 1109: 1088: 1060: 1010: 1000: 987: 968: 922: 888: 849: 787: 693: 652: 636: 620: 610: 586: 531: 504: 488: 458: 348: 129: 7848: 7098:Idols and Celebrity in Japanese Media Culture 5758:"2010年代のアイドルシーン Vol.3 アキバ系カルチャーとのクロスオーバー（前編）" 3518: 3375:"Pop 'idol' phenomenon fades into dispersion" 3204:Idols and Celebrity in Japanese Media Culture 1677:1990–2000: Idol Winter Period and Chidol Boom 7574:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7544:Marinescu, Jake Dean, Delia (10 June 2021). 7424:"今人気のアイドルアニメソングは... TSUTAYAアニメストア11月音楽ランキング" 6912: 6910: 6908: 6251:"Brush up on pop idol feuds before the exam" 6215:"アイドル冬の時代、手作り名刺配り発奮した高橋由美子が３０周年…「悲壮な現実ブッ潰す」" 5839:(in Japanese). 16 March 2008. Archived from 5088:"Innocence lost: the dark side of Akihabara" 5041: 4319:Ashcraft, Brian; Ueda, Shoko (13 May 2014). 4318: 3880:"The dark side of Asia's pop music industry" 2979: 2977: 2975: 2569:dismissed his claims and ordered him to pay 2175:, which indicates support for an idol group. 1771:'s debut in 1997 and the formation of their 154:with a financially loyal consumer fan base. 8138: 7875:"Japanese pop star sacked over sex scandal" 5957: 5955: 5928:"「モモーイ」こと桃井はるこアニメ好きになった意外な理由が「食物アレルギー」って？" 5464:""可愛いにもほどがある!"英ネットアイドルのベッキー・クルーエルが初のテレビ出演!" 4590:"2010年代のアイドルシーン Vol.1 "アイドル戦国時代"幕開けの瞬間（前編）" 3494:"Why Isn't Idol Culture Bigger in America?" 2170: 2153: 1578:. Many Japanese audiences took interest in 1514:1960–1980: Post-war era and idol beginnings 1372: 1094: 706:: Since the 1970s, several voice actors of 103:(pictured 2014), whose third studio album, 7938: 7905: 7786:"AKBに「恋愛禁止令」なんてなかった？秋元氏「僕は一度も言ってない」発言で波紋" 6878: 6780: 6747: 6714: 6589:"男性アイドルシーンに異変「地方」「2.5次元」「アニメ」の異色出自アイドルたち" 5671:"Hatsune Miku: the 'nonexistent' pop star" 5635: 3447: 3331:. Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 202. 2663:saw attack on Anna Iriyama and Rina Kawaei 1340:) with fans after every live performance. 1046:, the former after a photo of then-member 512:Bando demo nai aidoru demo nai arata janru 363:. The term originated from the idol group 201:idols, local idols, bandols, and Japanese- 7543: 7389: 7095: 6905: 6750:"What does 2021 have in store for J-pop?" 6537:(in Japanese). Oricon. 14 November 2016. 5599: 5534: 5085: 4941: 4114: 4081: 3761: 3372: 3282: 2972: 2900: 2387:Weekly Singles Chart. In the late 2000s, 7655: 7353: 7287: 6916: 6813: 6565:(in Japanese). Oricon. 7 December 2017. 6509:(in Japanese). Oricon. 22 October 2015. 6481:(in Japanese). Oricon. 24 October 2014. 6453:(in Japanese). Oricon. 25 October 2013. 6029: 5952: 5701: 5292:"2010年代のアイドルシーン Vol.5 ローカルアイドル文化の隆盛（前編）" 4836: 4769: 3961: 3207:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Limited. 3140: 3105:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Limited. 3067:"The mystique of the Japanese male idol" 2882: 2580: 2449:The idol fan culture is heavily tied to 2321: 2311: 2215: 2018:at an idol concert in Akihabara in 2011. 1999: 1832: 1727:, who gained fame as the lead singer of 1680: 1625: 1517: 1210: 941: 827: 672: 266: 8105: 8007: 7688: 6879:St. Michel, Patrick (3 February 2019). 6715:St. Michel, Patrick (6 December 2018). 6651:"「TWICEになりたい」日本のアイドルの卵たちが、韓国デビューを選ぶ理由" 6342: 5853: 5535:Eisenbeis, Richard (7 September 2012). 5165: 4467: 4149: 4037:"日本の男性アイドルの衣装はかっこいい? - 日本在住の外国人に聞いてみた!" 3997:"日本の女性アイドルの衣装ってかわいい? - 日本在住の外国人に聞いてみた!" 3491: 3405: 3239: 3029: 2704:they had performed the request anyway. 387: 14: 8229: 8185:from the original on 10 September 2022 8054:from the original on 20 September 2020 7971: 7906:St. Michel, Patrick (16 August 2012). 7722:Pineda, Rafael Antonio (6 June 2018). 7721: 7484: 7404:from the original on 21 September 2021 7269:from the original on 21 September 2021 7256: 7206: 7202: 7200: 7170: 6748:St. Michel, Patrick (4 January 2021). 6562:第14回音楽ファン2万人が選ぶ "好きなアーティストランキング" 2017 6534:第13回音楽ファン2万人が選ぶ "好きなアーティストランキング" 2016 6414: 6391:from the original on 27 September 2015 6357:from the original on 25 September 2020 6248: 6180: 5996: 5636:St. Michel, Patrick (24 August 2017). 5494: 5359: 4718:from the original on 29 September 2021 4708:"平野綾の声優人生が全否定された？アッコ「涼宮ハルヒ」なんて誰も知らない" 4545: 4389: 4284:"特集アイドルが輝いていたところアイドル国家日本の成長とアイドルの奇跡" 4221: 4034: 3994: 3923: 3776:from the original on 28 September 2020 3657:William W. Kelly, ed. (15 July 2004). 3623: 3531: 3328:Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan 3324: 3240:Stevens, Carolyn S. (22 August 2007). 3171: 2342:The idol industry has crossed over to 1565:was released in Japan under the title 8120:from the original on 12 November 2020 8087:from the original on 17 November 2020 7887:from the original on 28 February 2021 7796:from the original on 18 February 2021 7499:from the original on 21 December 2016 7354:Itabashi, Fujiko (1 September 2016). 7077:from the original on 30 November 2020 6992: 6781:St. Michel, Patrick (22 April 2021). 6569:from the original on 25 November 2018 6541:from the original on 25 November 2018 6513:from the original on 22 November 2018 6485:from the original on 26 November 2018 6457:from the original on 25 November 2018 6429:from the original on 30 November 2020 6195:from the original on 14 February 2019 6084: 5973:from the original on 20 November 2022 5893: 5872:from the original on 28 November 2020 5806:from the original on 30 November 2020 5770:from the original on 14 February 2021 5755: 5668: 5600:Considine, J.D. (25 September 1997). 5304:from the original on 28 February 2021 5289: 5204: 5127: 5086:Galbraith, Patrick W. (8 July 2009). 5018: 4908: 4872: 4818:from the original on 30 November 2020 4688:from the original on 29 December 2018 4602:from the original on 16 February 2021 4587: 4468:Sherman, Jennifer (17 January 2018). 4446:from the original on 12 December 2018 4281: 4191:"女性アイドル界から減少する「解散」「卒業制度」がもたらした変化とは？" 3976:from the original on 14 February 2021 3890:from the original on 16 December 2017 3732:Культура - Музыка - Популярная музыка 3638:from the original on 30 November 2020 3582:from the original on 12 February 2019 3044:from the original on 30 November 2020 2983: 2508: 1116:, who later debuted as idols include 905:. In addition, in 1997, the magazine 213: 8022:from the original on 8 November 2020 7972:Komuro, Catherine (9 January 2018). 7766:from the original on 25 January 2022 7556:from the original on 8 November 2021 7396:. By Jin, Dal Yong. United Kingdom: 7393:Transmedia Storytelling in East Asia 7231: 7128: 6942:from the original on 1 February 2021 6893:from the original on 9 February 2019 6762:from the original on 3 February 2021 6729:from the original on 26 January 2021 6681: 6601:from the original on 17 January 2019 6343:Udagawa, Haruka (18 November 2018). 6054:from the original on 27 January 2021 6030:Iwabuchi, Koichi (8 November 2002). 6011:from the original on 7 February 2019 5702:Furukawa, Yuki (22 September 2019). 5404:from the original on 30 January 2010 5183:from the original on 5 November 2020 5142:from the original on 28 October 2020 4980: 4770:Koyanagi, Akiko (21 February 2019). 4736: 4482:from the original on 9 November 2020 4414:from the original on 26 October 2021 4371:from the original on 23 October 2021 4339:from the original on 27 January 2021 4203:from the original on 17 October 2020 3663:. New York: Suny Press. p. 65. 3567: 3492:Sevakis, Justin (3 September 2018). 3448:St. Michel, Patrick (10 July 2019). 3373:Matsutani, Minoru (25 August 2009). 3325:Hoover, William D. (18 March 2011). 3303:from the original on 27 January 2021 3283:Edgington, David W. (1 April 2003). 3153:from the original on 9 November 2020 3077:from the original on 7 February 2019 3008:from the original on 27 January 2021 2815:from the original on 12 October 2014 583:body types, which included "healing" 8237:Stock characters in anime and manga 8153:from the original on 23 August 2020 8008:Stimson, Eric (20 September 2015). 7939:St. Michel, Patrick (30 May 2019). 7656:Ashcraft, Brian (15 October 2018). 7637:from the original on 10 August 2020 7582: 7485:Orsini, Lauren (21 December 2016). 7335:from the original on 3 January 2019 7320: 7257:Ryusei, Satoru (23 February 2020). 7225: 7197: 7029:"「DD」って、どういう意味かわかる? アイドル業界の専門用語クイズ" 6828:from the original on 8 January 2019 6631:from the original on 1 October 2022 6099:from the original on 7 January 2019 5854:Saejima, Tomoki (12 January 2018). 5833:"【サブカル最前線】地下アイドルって何？アキバの新人ユニットを直撃" 4983:"In Japan, Tarnishing a Star Maker" 4923:from the original on 21 August 2019 4786:from the original on 8 October 2019 4637:"「アイドル声優」のブームは継続中！その歴史は意外と深いって本当？" 4511: 4325:. Tuttle Publishing. pp. 68–. 4222:Oshima, Takashi (25 January 2020). 4115:Shibutani, Kyotaro (9 March 2019). 4056:from the original on 7 October 2021 4016:from the original on 7 October 2021 3938:from the original on 7 October 2021 3926:"アイドルの衣装のスタンダード"制服ふう"衣装、いつから始まった！？" 3924:Tanaka, Hiroyuki (29 August 2017). 3762:Covington, Abigail (18 July 2014). 3387:from the original on 8 January 2019 2556:. In June 2018, a former member of 2211: 1498:and made popular by Bis' successor 24: 8139:Reith Banks, Tash (15 June 2019). 7986:from the original on 4 August 2020 7736:from the original on 3 August 2020 7703:from the original on 4 August 2020 7670:from the original on 9 August 2020 7434:from the original on 22 March 2019 7366:from the original on 22 March 2019 7185:from the original on 21 March 2019 7143:from the original on 3 August 2020 6814:Prideaux, Eric (16 January 2005). 6684:"'Third hallyu' blooming in Japan" 6295:from the original on 22 March 2019 6283:"元チャイドル野村佑香、第２子の写真を公開自宅に戻ったことを報告" 6227:from the original on 11 April 2021 5997:Simone, Gianni (3 February 2019). 5683:from the original on 4 August 2021 5669:Kelts, Roland (19 December 2015). 5100:from the original on 12 March 2017 4995:from the original on 10 March 2021 4837:Narikawa, Aya (19 December 2020). 4772:"よしもとばなな原作小説、日韓で映画化少女時代・スヨンが初主演」" 4751:from the original on 27 March 2019 4649:from the original on 21 March 2019 4560:from the original on 22 March 2019 4224:"アイドル「脱退」「卒業」の20年史いかに表現が変わっていったか" 4164:from the original on 12 March 2020 3877: 3546:from the original on 22 March 2019 3506:from the original on 22 March 2019 3264:from the original on 30 April 2021 3141:McAlpine, Frasier (30 June 2017). 2852:from the original on 7 August 2013 1840:(pictured 2014), then a member of 1531:(1964) was well received in Japan. 812:industry. The earliest example is 302:'s audition programs, followed by 25: 8263: 8200: 8072: 7953:from the original on 5 March 2021 7849:O'Connell, Ryan (22 April 2008). 7830:from the original on 8 April 2019 7762:(in Japanese). 10 February 2020. 7430:(in Japanese). 15 December 2017. 7171:Minami, Marie (17 January 2018). 6659:(in Japanese). 14 February 2018. 6291:(in Japanese). 11 February 2019. 6263:from the original on 29 June 2021 6223:(in Japanese). 15 November 2020. 5908:from the original on 4 March 2021 5513:from the original on 19 June 2023 5476:from the original on 10 July 2023 5444:from the original on 14 July 2023 5329:"橋本環奈だけじゃない! "かわいすぎる"ご当地アイドル一挙紹介" 5290:Onoda, Mamoru (4 February 2021). 5244:""聖地"も閉店ジュニアアイドルＤＶＤビジネスはあと半年の命か" 5217:from the original on 28 June 2020 5205:Ozawa, Harumi (27 January 2018). 4959:from the original on 27 July 2019 4887:from the original on 19 July 2020 4814:(in Japanese). 25 November 2020. 4234:from the original on 23 July 2020 4096:from the original on 17 July 2018 4082:Grunebaum, Dan (7 October 2010). 3964:"AKB48が作った"アイドルらしさ"とは？歴代衣装を振り返る" 3962:Yamazaki, Haruna (5 April 2017). 3711:from the original on 15 July 2015 3406:Gingold, Naomi (8 January 2019). 3103:The Mirror of Idols and Celebrity 2173:"supporter of the whole package") 1995: 1466:greatly influenced the growth of 8214: 8165: 8132: 8106:Fackler, Martin (18 June 2014). 8034: 7965: 7932: 7920:from the original on 17 May 2021 7899: 7867: 7842: 7826:(in Japanese). 24 October 2017. 7792:(in Japanese). 3 December 2012. 7778: 7760:Entertainment Rights Association 7748: 7715: 7682: 7649: 7612: 7600:from the original on 31 May 2022 7537: 7511: 7478: 7446: 7416: 7347: 7321:Tai, Hiroki (15 February 2015). 7302:from the original on 5 July 2020 7281: 7250: 7129:Lowe, Justin (20 January 2017). 7122: 7089: 7039:from the original on 8 June 2021 7021: 7009:from the original on 8 June 2021 6986: 6974:from the original on 8 June 2021 6954: 6872: 6860:from the original on 12 May 2021 6840: 6807: 6774: 6741: 6708: 6696:from the original on 19 May 2021 6675: 6663:from the original on 11 May 2021 6643: 6613: 6597:(in Japanese). 7 February 2016. 6581: 6553: 6525: 6497: 6469: 6441: 6415:Gonobe, Miki (28 January 2019). 6387:(in Japanese). 4 December 2014. 6315:"58th Kouhaku Utagassen History" 6149:from the original on 15 May 2021 6085:Enami, Hidetsugu (6 July 2006). 5940:from the original on 13 May 2021 5894:Igari, Tomoka (12 August 2020). 5756:Onoda, Mamoru (12 August 2020). 5716:from the original on 12 May 2021 5650:from the original on 12 May 2021 5614:from the original on 12 May 2021 5581:from the original on 12 May 2021 5549:from the original on 13 May 2021 5495:Hirota, Minoru (25 April 2013). 5400:(in Japanese). 23 January 2010. 5341:from the original on 12 May 2021 5256:from the original on 5 June 2019 5252:(in Japanese). 7 February 2015. 5062:from the original on 12 May 2021 4981:Sims, Calvin (30 January 2000). 4909:Fukue, Natsuko (14 April 2009). 4873:Chang, Dong-woo (13 July 2020). 4300:from the original on 13 May 2021 4199:(in Japanese). 3 February 2016. 4150:Morissy, Kim (27 January 2020). 4035:Kimura, Sae (5 September 2014). 3995:Kimura, Sae (4 September 2014). 3846:from the original on 14 May 2021 3832:"AKB48高橋みなみが語る、「リーダー」と「アイドル」とは？" 3812:from the original on 14 May 2021 3677:from the original on 9 July 2014 3532:Takeda, Sasetsu (5 March 2019). 3462:from the original on 11 May 2021 3420:from the original on 13 May 2021 3172:Aoyagi, Hiroshi (15 July 2005). 3030:Sevakis, Justin (24 July 2015). 2707: 2676: 2051: 2030: 1952:and was given the sub-category " 429: 399: 165:Sub-categories of idols include 93: 72: 55: 36: 7288:Dennison, Kara (11 July 2019). 6795:from the original on 6 May 2021 6506:音楽ファン2万人が選ぶ好きなアーティストランキング 2015 6369: 6307: 6275: 6207: 5920: 5847: 5695: 5662: 5593: 5497:"ニコ動が引きつけた才能"ケーキ姫☆優海"【ニコ動今昔物語】" 5472:(in Japanese). 5 January 2010. 5456: 5416: 5353: 5021:"四半世紀前の中学生が起こしたチャイドルブームの主役たちの今" 5019:Saito, Takashi (20 June 2021). 4851:from the original on 9 May 2021 4830: 4798: 4737:Yano, Junko (25 October 2006). 4730: 4700: 4645:(in Japanese). 4 January 2019. 4426: 4383: 4351: 4215: 4143: 4117:"錦戸亮も脱退か、男性アイドルの「賞味期限」と「定年適齢期」" 4108: 4028: 3988: 3824: 3788: 3689: 3624:Martin, Ian (1 February 2013). 3399: 3233: 3221:from the original on 4 May 2016 3194: 3165: 2698:child pornography laws in Japan 2687:Child pornography laws in Japan 2683:Junior idol § Legal status 2207:, is a favorite member or group 1584:La plus belle pour aller danser 1436:are cited as an examples of an 253: 7689:Ressler, Karen (1 June 2018). 6848:"Fans show love through dance" 6682:Dong, Sun-hwa (18 June 2018). 6249:Brasor, Philip (10 May 2014). 6139:Bulletin of Edogawa University 5936:(in Japanese). 25 March 2017. 4714:(in Japanese). 18 April 2011. 4548:"浜辺美波・正統派美少女の系譜と"生粋の女優"としての輝き" 4546:Nakano, Naga (22 April 2018). 3878:Oi, Mariko (26 January 2016). 3178:Harvard University Asia Center 2954: 2936: 2918: 2864: 2795: 2749:List of Japanese gravure idols 2718:List of Japanese gravure idols 1990: 1622:1980–1990: Golden Age of Idols 1188:as its latest addition to the 13: 1: 5370:(in Japanese). Archived from 5337:(in Japanese). 8 March 2014. 4588:Onoda, Mamoru (26 May 2020). 4282:Sakai, Masayoshi (May 2015). 4123:(in Japanese). Archived from 3568:Park, Jin-hai (3 July 2018). 2984:Craig, Timothy (2 May 2000). 2848:(in Japanese). 24 June 2013. 2789: 2576: 2057:Momoiro Clover - "Z Densetsu" 1539:in the 1960s, as well as the 1207:and other streaming websites. 339: 298:, two groups put together by 208: 7131:"'Tokyo Idols': Film Review" 4911:"So, you wanna be a Johnny?" 4684:(in Japanese). 2 July 2008. 4676:"角川とアップフロントがアイドル声優オーディション開催" 4442:(in Japanese). 20 May 2011. 3704:Nikkei Business Publications 3698:戦隊モノ、アイドル...、グループにおける色と役割の関係 2503: 2500:, entertainment, and music. 2361:Creamy Mami, the Magic Angel 2318:List of idol anime and manga 1456:were also key components of 1399:idols are generally sold as 7: 6970:(in Japanese). 1 May 2020. 6923: 6181:Martin, Ian (26 May 2011). 5058:(in Japanese). March 1999. 4512:Oda, Yūji (20 April 2011). 2726: 2620: 2606: 2467: 2459: 2397: 2352: 2285: 2255: 2239: 2223:interacts with a fan at an 2118: 2112: 2102: 2086: 2012: 2006: 1858: 1824: 1707: 1661:also created the "CM idol" 1543:and theater shows from the 1478: 1468: 1458: 1444: 1438: 1424: 1395: 1387: 1379: 1367: 1320: 1292: 1276: 1260: 1228: 1220: 1160: 1067: 1050:went viral on the Internet. 1017: 975: 895: 862:: Male idols contracted to 856: 794: 700: 659: 643: 627: 593: 538: 511: 495: 465: 355: 195: 136: 10: 8268: 6378:AKB48よりももクロが上コンサート動員力2014 5507:Kadokawa Future Publishing 3737:Embassy of Japan to Russia 2711: 2680: 2315: 1508: 804:in 2002, during the third 262: 7454:"ビルボードジャパン新チャート提供開始のお知らせ" 7207:Karlin, Jason G. (2012). 7118:– via SpringerLink. 6993:Riyan (29 October 2020). 6919:"オタク用語およびネット用語の意味の変化と一般化" 5128:Hongo, Jun (3 May 2007). 4839:"NiziU、日韓で認知度に大きなギャップのわけ" 2839:ももクロ、初のAKB超えタレントパワーランキング 2671:assault of Maho Yamaguchi 2573:to the woman in damages. 2496:—which focus on a mix of 2346:and video games. Using a 2280: 2201: 2186: 2165: 2148: 2096: 2084:, derived from the word " 2078: 2050: 2029: 2024: 1852: 1701: 1572: 1361: 1334: 1314: 1286: 1270: 1254: 1154: 1110: 1089: 1061: 1011: 1007:or shortened as "locodol" 1001: 988: 969: 923: 889: 850: 788: 694: 653: 637: 621: 611: 587: 532: 505: 489: 459: 375:, who produced the group 349: 130: 8242:Japanese popular culture 7817:矢口真里がモー娘。脱退引き金の小栗旬との恋愛語る 7816: 6995:"アイドルファンがDDを名乗ることは悪いこと？" 6927:and Internet slang] 6561: 6533: 6505: 6477: 6449: 6417:"アイドルの諸問題、悪いのは運営か、それとも…" 6377: 6135:"アイドルが生息する「現実空間」と「仮想空間」" 5896:"｢アイドルは顔だ｣と誤解する人が知らない真実" 4514:グラビアアイドル「幻想」論その栄光と衰退の歴史 3731: 3697: 2961: 2943: 2925: 2907: 2889: 2871: 2838: 2560:filed a lawsuit against 2498:video game livestreaming 2383:", charted at #7 on the 2302: 2227:handshake event in 2017. 1944:; this was pioneered by 1822:in 2007, introduced as " 1472:music and idol culture. 1375:"Akihabara-style idols") 1330:photos (known as "cheki" 7323:"最近よく聞く"2.5次元"、その定義とは？" 7232:Marx, W. David (2012). 7106:10.1057/9781137283788_6 6917:Yamamoto, Yuki (2016). 5108:– via JapanToday. 4434:"元祖バンドルＺＯＮＥ10年後の８月再結成】" 2667:stabbing of Mayu Tomita 2250:Johnny & Associates 1553:Johnny & Associates 1176:in the 1980s. In 1997, 864:Johnny & Associates 837:Johnny & Associates 229:Johnny & Associates 152:parasocial relationship 8252:Japanese youth culture 7136:The Hollywood Reporter 6935:(in Japanese). Japan. 4516:(in Japanese). Japan: 2808:Guinness World Records 2714:List of Japanese idols 2593: 2379:, whose 1984 single, " 2339: 2228: 2141:, an abbreviation for 2128:'s fans in the 1970s. 2019: 1845: 1744:idols doing the same. 1689: 1634: 1555:and created the group 1532: 1235: 1218:(pictured 2015) is an 950: 840: 681: 275: 150:, while maintaining a 6478:音楽ファン2万人が選ぶ"好きなアーティスト 6038:Duke University Press 5360:Kogawa, Tomo (1999). 4642:Tokyo School of Anime 3808:. 25 September 2016. 3796:"アイドルが目指すセンターとは何なのか？" 3413:National Public Radio 3289:. Canada: UBC Press. 2584: 2473:interests, following 2329:Love Live! Sunshine!! 2325: 2312:Anime and video games 2219: 2003: 1836: 1684: 1629: 1521: 1234:culture in Akihabara. 1214: 945: 831: 816:in 2018, followed by 783:Japanese-Korean idols 676: 649:, and "sexy swimsuit" 416:(pictured 2019) is a 379:, used the term as a 270: 193:, underground idols, 48:Guinness World Record 7596:. 22 December 2020. 7487:"What is a Fujoshi?" 7400:. pp. 159–182. 7035:. 14 December 2019. 6856:. 25 November 2016. 6384:Nihon Keizai Shimbun 5607:Entertainment Weekly 5440:. 25 November 2016. 5211:Agence France-Presse 4296:. pp. 142–151. 3931:Nihon Tarento Meikan 3842:. 10 December 2015. 3840:Kadokawa Corporation 3806:Kadokawa Corporation 2966:Nikkei Entertainment 2948:Nikkei Entertainment 2930:Nikkei Entertainment 2912:Nikkei Entertainment 2894:Nikkei Entertainment 2876:Nikkei Entertainment 2845:Nihon Keizai Shimbun 2651:Tokyo District Court 2567:Tokyo District Court 2558:Niji no Conquistador 2192:, also shortened to 1884:Dorothy Little Happy 1708:Aidoru Fuyu no Jidai 1413:Akihabara Dear Stage 1407:or promoted through 1393:culture. Music from 1182:Crypton Future Media 1075:Internet celebrities 1044:Dorothy Little Happy 506:バンドでもないアイドルでもない新ジャンル 439:(pictured 2019), an 388:Sub-category markets 332:Nihon Tarento Meikan 144:Japanese pop culture 8181:. 8 February 2017. 8050:. 19 January 2016. 7623:(21 January 2019). 5969:. 9 February 2021. 5169:(9 February 2011). 4393:(28 October 2017). 3707:. 5 December 2011. 2962:タレントパワーランキングトップ100 2944:タレントパワーランキングトップ100 2926:タレントパワーランキングトップ100 2908:タレントパワーランキングトップ100 2890:タレントパワーランキングトップ100 2872:タレントパワーランキングトップ100 2803:"Largest pop group" 1914:From 2013 to 2018, 1899:Tokyo Idol Festival 304:Seifuku Kōjō Iinkai 27:Type of entertainer 8113:The New York Times 8015:Anime News Network 7729:Anime News Network 7696:Anime News Network 7492:Anime News Network 6145:. Japan: 199–258. 5577:. 2 January 1997. 5374:on 11 October 2000 5176:The New York Times 4988:The New York Times 4880:Yonhap News Agency 4475:Anime News Network 4157:Anime News Network 4137:Yahoo! News Japan 4089:The New York Times 3499:Anime News Network 3246:. United Kingdom: 3037:Anime News Network 2990:. United Kingdom: 2600:, the producer of 2594: 2509:Working conditions 2421:Uta no Prince-sama 2381:Ai Oboete Imasu ka 2358:music. The series 2340: 2234:girl/boy next door 2229: 2156:"I love everyone") 2038:Cutie Circuit 2011 2020: 1846: 1773:musical collective 1690: 1635: 1533: 1450:Galapagos syndrome 1401:self-published CDs 1302:. Tama Himeno and 1236: 1097:"I tried dancing") 981:: Also written as 951: 841: 744:Megumi Hayashibara 713:Mobile Suit Gundam 682: 276: 214:Roles and training 203:South Korean idols 88:2013–2018 surveys. 7883:. 4 August 2011. 7863:on 21 April 2008. 7115:978-1-349-33445-2 7003:The Asahi Shimbun 6853:The Straits Times 5843:on 20 March 2008. 4332:978-1-4629-1409-8 4294:Chuokoron-Shinsha 3176:. Massachusetts: 2771:List of net idols 2722:List of net idols 2488:agencies such as 2335:Kōhaku Uta Gassen 2248:Using idols from 2069: 2068: 1820:Kohaku Uta Gassen 1723:'s public image. 1695:economic collapse 1487:Alternative idols 1428:idols are niche, 1241:Underground idols 1201:Virtual YouTubers 424:style pictorials. 227:, the founder of 191:alternative idols 16:(Redirected from 8259: 8219: 8218: 8217: 8210: 8195: 8194: 8192: 8190: 8169: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8158: 8136: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8125: 8103: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8070: 8064: 8063: 8061: 8059: 8038: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8005: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7991: 7969: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7936: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7903: 7897: 7896: 7894: 7892: 7871: 7865: 7864: 7859:. Archived from 7856:Mainichi Shimbun 7846: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7782: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7752: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7719: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7686: 7680: 7679: 7677: 7675: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7619:Yamamoto, Mari; 7616: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7586: 7580: 7579: 7573: 7565: 7563: 7561: 7541: 7535: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7515: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7482: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7450: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7387: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7371: 7351: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7318: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7254: 7248: 7247: 7229: 7223: 7222: 7204: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7168: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7126: 7120: 7119: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7062: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7025: 7019: 7018: 7016: 7014: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6941: 6930: 6926: 6914: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6876: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6816:"Wota lota love" 6811: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6778: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6712: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6701: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6647: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6627:. 23 June 2014. 6617: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6585: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6529: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6473: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6462: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6412: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6373: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6340: 6323: 6322: 6317:. Archived from 6311: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6279: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6246: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6178: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6130: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6082: 6067: 6066: 6061: 6059: 6027: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6016: 5994: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5959: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5891: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5851: 5845: 5844: 5829: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5789: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5753: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5699: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5666: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5633: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5565: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5532: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5492: 5486: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5460: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5430:(laughs)"]. 5420: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5325: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5287: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5240: 5231: 5230: 5227:The Jakarta Post 5224: 5222: 5202: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5163: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5125: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5083: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5048: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5016: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4978: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4945:(18 July 2019). 4939: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4906: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4870: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4802: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4672: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4633: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4585: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4543: 4532: 4531: 4509: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4465: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4408: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4355: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4279: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4219: 4213: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4187: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4147: 4141: 4140: 4134: 4132: 4127:on 30 March 2019 4112: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4079: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4050: 4032: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4010: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3959: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3921: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3875: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3739:. Archived from 3727: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3621: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3565: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3529: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3489: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3445: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3403: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3370: 3343: 3342: 3322: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3138: 3117: 3116: 3098: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3063: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3027: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3013: 2981: 2970: 2969: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2922: 2916: 2915: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2834: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2799: 2734:Alternative idol 2656: 2647:Minami Minegishi 2625: 2611: 2586:Minami Minegishi 2572: 2555: 2522:power harassment 2472: 2464: 2402: 2357: 2271:handshake events 2260: 2244: 2212:Fan interactions 2206: 2204: 2203: 2191: 2189: 2188: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2167: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2143:daredemo daisuki 2123: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2091: 2083: 2081: 2080: 2063:Momoiro Clover Z 2055: 2054: 2034: 2033: 2022: 2021: 2017: 2009: 1954:alternative idol 1938:alternative rock 1903:Momoiro Clover Z 1869: 1868: 1865: 1855: 1854: 1829: 1751:in the magazine 1714: 1713: 1710: 1704: 1703: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1562:Cherchez l'idole 1541:Takarazuka Revue 1537:Sayuri Yoshinaga 1528:Cherchez l'idole 1481: 1471: 1462:music. In 2007, 1461: 1447: 1441: 1427: 1421: 1398: 1392: 1384: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1368:Akiba-kei aidoru 1364: 1363: 1356: 1339: 1337: 1336: 1325: 1323: 1317: 1316: 1297: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1281: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1265: 1263: 1257: 1256: 1249: 1233: 1225: 1165: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1126: 1115: 1113: 1112: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1073:: Net idols are 1072: 1070: 1064: 1063: 1022: 1020: 1014: 1013: 1006: 1004: 1003: 993: 991: 990: 980: 978: 972: 971: 964: 933:in the magazine 928: 926: 925: 900: 898: 892: 891: 861: 859: 853: 852: 799: 797: 791: 790: 705: 703: 697: 696: 664: 662: 656: 655: 648: 646: 640: 639: 632: 630: 624: 623: 616: 614: 613: 600: 599: 596: 590: 589: 573: 562: 548:. In the 1970s, 543: 541: 535: 534: 516: 514: 508: 507: 500: 498: 492: 491: 484: 470: 468: 462: 461: 433: 415: 403: 362: 361: 358: 352: 351: 312: 200: 141: 139: 133: 132: 97: 80:Momoiro Clover Z 76: 59: 40: 21: 8267: 8266: 8262: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8257: 8256: 8227: 8226: 8225: 8215: 8213: 8205: 8203: 8198: 8188: 8186: 8178:The Japan Times 8171: 8170: 8166: 8156: 8154: 8137: 8133: 8123: 8121: 8104: 8100: 8090: 8088: 8071: 8067: 8057: 8055: 8047:The Japan Times 8040: 8039: 8035: 8025: 8023: 8006: 7999: 7989: 7987: 7982:. No. 77. 7970: 7966: 7956: 7954: 7946:The Japan Times 7937: 7933: 7923: 7921: 7904: 7900: 7890: 7888: 7873: 7872: 7868: 7847: 7843: 7833: 7831: 7818: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7799: 7797: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7769: 7767: 7754: 7753: 7749: 7739: 7737: 7720: 7716: 7706: 7704: 7687: 7683: 7673: 7671: 7654: 7650: 7640: 7638: 7630:The Daily Beast 7621:Adelstein, Jake 7617: 7613: 7603: 7601: 7588: 7587: 7583: 7567: 7566: 7559: 7557: 7542: 7538: 7528: 7526: 7525:on 13 July 2012 7517: 7516: 7512: 7502: 7500: 7483: 7479: 7469: 7467: 7466:on 24 June 2012 7452: 7451: 7447: 7437: 7435: 7422: 7421: 7417: 7407: 7405: 7388: 7379: 7369: 7367: 7362:(in Japanese). 7352: 7348: 7338: 7336: 7331:(in Japanese). 7319: 7315: 7305: 7303: 7286: 7282: 7272: 7270: 7265:(in Japanese). 7255: 7251: 7244: 7230: 7226: 7219: 7205: 7198: 7188: 7186: 7181:(in Japanese). 7169: 7156: 7146: 7144: 7127: 7123: 7116: 7094: 7090: 7080: 7078: 7063: 7052: 7042: 7040: 7027: 7026: 7022: 7012: 7010: 6991: 6987: 6977: 6975: 6960: 6959: 6955: 6945: 6943: 6939: 6928: 6915: 6906: 6896: 6894: 6886:The Japan Times 6877: 6873: 6863: 6861: 6846: 6845: 6841: 6831: 6829: 6821:The Japan Times 6812: 6808: 6798: 6796: 6788:The Japan Times 6779: 6775: 6765: 6763: 6755:The Japan Times 6746: 6742: 6732: 6730: 6722:The Japan Times 6713: 6709: 6699: 6697: 6689:The Korea Times 6680: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6649: 6648: 6644: 6634: 6632: 6619: 6618: 6614: 6604: 6602: 6587: 6586: 6582: 6572: 6570: 6563: 6559: 6558: 6554: 6544: 6542: 6535: 6531: 6530: 6526: 6516: 6514: 6507: 6503: 6502: 6498: 6488: 6486: 6479: 6475: 6474: 6470: 6460: 6458: 6451: 6447: 6446: 6442: 6432: 6430: 6425:(in Japanese). 6413: 6404: 6394: 6392: 6379: 6375: 6374: 6370: 6360: 6358: 6341: 6326: 6321:on 13 May 2011. 6313: 6312: 6308: 6298: 6296: 6281: 6280: 6276: 6266: 6264: 6256:The Japan Times 6247: 6240: 6230: 6228: 6220:Yomiuri Shimbun 6213: 6212: 6208: 6198: 6196: 6188:The Japan Times 6179: 6162: 6152: 6150: 6141:(in Japanese). 6131: 6112: 6102: 6100: 6092:The Japan Times 6083: 6070: 6057: 6055: 6048: 6040:. p. 100. 6028: 6024: 6014: 6012: 6004:The Japan Times 5995: 5986: 5976: 5974: 5961: 5960: 5953: 5943: 5941: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5911: 5909: 5904:(in Japanese). 5892: 5885: 5875: 5873: 5864:(in Japanese). 5852: 5848: 5831: 5830: 5819: 5809: 5807: 5799:The Japan Times 5790: 5783: 5773: 5771: 5766:(in Japanese). 5754: 5729: 5719: 5717: 5709:The Japan Times 5700: 5696: 5686: 5684: 5676:The Japan Times 5667: 5663: 5653: 5651: 5643:The Japan Times 5634: 5627: 5617: 5615: 5598: 5594: 5584: 5582: 5574:The Japan Times 5567: 5566: 5562: 5552: 5550: 5533: 5526: 5516: 5514: 5505:(in Japanese). 5493: 5489: 5479: 5477: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5447: 5445: 5436:(in Japanese). 5422: 5421: 5417: 5407: 5405: 5392: 5391: 5387: 5377: 5375: 5358: 5354: 5344: 5342: 5327: 5326: 5317: 5307: 5305: 5300:(in Japanese). 5288: 5269: 5259: 5257: 5242: 5241: 5234: 5220: 5218: 5203: 5196: 5186: 5184: 5167:Tabuchi, Hiroko 5164: 5155: 5145: 5143: 5135:The Japan Times 5126: 5113: 5103: 5101: 5084: 5075: 5065: 5063: 5050: 5049: 5042: 5032: 5030: 5017: 5008: 4998: 4996: 4979: 4972: 4962: 4960: 4943:Schilling, Mark 4940: 4936: 4926: 4924: 4916:The Japan Times 4907: 4900: 4890: 4888: 4871: 4864: 4854: 4852: 4847:(in Japanese). 4835: 4831: 4821: 4819: 4804: 4803: 4799: 4789: 4787: 4778:(in Japanese). 4768: 4764: 4754: 4752: 4747:(in Japanese). 4735: 4731: 4721: 4719: 4706: 4705: 4701: 4691: 4689: 4674: 4673: 4662: 4652: 4650: 4635: 4634: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4598:(in Japanese). 4586: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4556:(in Japanese). 4544: 4535: 4528: 4510: 4495: 4485: 4483: 4466: 4459: 4449: 4447: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4417: 4415: 4410:(in Japanese). 4402: 4388: 4384: 4374: 4372: 4367:(in Japanese). 4357: 4356: 4352: 4342: 4340: 4333: 4317: 4313: 4303: 4301: 4280: 4247: 4237: 4235: 4230:(in Japanese). 4220: 4216: 4206: 4204: 4189: 4188: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4148: 4144: 4130: 4128: 4113: 4109: 4099: 4097: 4080: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4052:(in Japanese). 4044: 4033: 4029: 4019: 4017: 4012:(in Japanese). 4004: 3993: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3972:(in Japanese). 3960: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3934:(in Japanese). 3922: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3876: 3859: 3849: 3847: 3838:(in Japanese). 3830: 3829: 3825: 3815: 3813: 3804:(in Japanese). 3794: 3793: 3789: 3779: 3777: 3760: 3756: 3746: 3744: 3743:on 24 June 2013 3733: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3714: 3712: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3680: 3678: 3671: 3655: 3651: 3641: 3639: 3631:The Japan Times 3622: 3595: 3585: 3583: 3575:The Korea Times 3566: 3559: 3549: 3547: 3542:(in Japanese). 3530: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3490: 3475: 3465: 3463: 3455:The Japan Times 3446: 3433: 3423: 3421: 3404: 3400: 3390: 3388: 3380:The Japan Times 3371: 3346: 3339: 3323: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3297: 3281: 3277: 3267: 3265: 3258: 3238: 3234: 3224: 3222: 3215: 3199: 3195: 3188: 3170: 3166: 3156: 3154: 3139: 3120: 3113: 3099: 3090: 3080: 3078: 3065: 3064: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3028: 3021: 3011: 3009: 3002: 2982: 2973: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2955: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2927: 2924: 2923: 2919: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2883: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2855: 2853: 2840: 2836: 2835: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2729: 2724: 2710: 2689: 2679: 2654: 2615:The Japan Times 2598:Yasushi Akimoto 2579: 2570: 2553: 2511: 2506: 2439:Billboard Japan 2426:life simulation 2320: 2314: 2305: 2288: 2283: 2269:in the form of 2267:meet-and-greets 2214: 2198: 2183: 2162: 2145: 2106: 2093: 2075: 2060: 2052: 2041: 2031: 2025:External videos 1998: 1993: 1967:with the third 1892:Kanna Hashimoto 1866: 1849: 1838:Kanna Hashimoto 1765: 1711: 1698: 1679: 1639:economic bubble 1624: 1592:Momoe Yamaguchi 1569: 1567:Aidoru o Sagase 1549:Johnny Kitagawa 1516: 1511: 1415: 1358: 1350: 1331: 1311: 1283: 1282:or indies idols 1267: 1251: 1243: 1194:online streamer 1161:Bāchuaru aidoru 1151: 1120: 1107: 1086: 1058: 1048:Kanna Hashimoto 1008: 998: 985: 966: 958: 920: 886: 876:Johnny Kitagawa 847: 785: 718:Toshio Furukawa 691: 650: 634: 633:, "big breasts" 618: 617:, "intelligent" 608: 597: 584: 567: 556: 529: 502: 486: 478: 456: 448: 447: 446: 445: 444: 434: 426: 425: 420:, appearing in 409: 404: 390: 369:Miharu Nakajima 359: 346: 342: 306: 265: 256: 225:Johnny Kitagawa 216: 211: 148:talent agencies 127: 121: 120: 119: 118: 117: 98: 90: 89: 77: 68: 67: 66: 60: 52: 51: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8265: 8255: 8254: 8249: 8247:Japanese idols 8244: 8239: 8224: 8223: 8202: 8201:External links 8199: 8197: 8196: 8164: 8131: 8098: 8065: 8033: 7997: 7964: 7931: 7898: 7866: 7841: 7807: 7777: 7747: 7714: 7681: 7648: 7611: 7581: 7550:Slate Magazine 7536: 7510: 7477: 7445: 7415: 7377: 7346: 7313: 7280: 7249: 7242: 7224: 7217: 7196: 7154: 7121: 7114: 7088: 7050: 7020: 6985: 6953: 6904: 6871: 6839: 6806: 6773: 6740: 6707: 6674: 6642: 6612: 6580: 6552: 6524: 6496: 6468: 6440: 6402: 6368: 6324: 6306: 6274: 6238: 6206: 6160: 6110: 6068: 6046: 6022: 5984: 5951: 5919: 5883: 5846: 5817: 5781: 5727: 5694: 5661: 5625: 5592: 5560: 5524: 5487: 5455: 5433:Weekly Playboy 5415: 5385: 5352: 5315: 5267: 5232: 5194: 5153: 5111: 5073: 5040: 5006: 4991:. p. 12. 4970: 4934: 4898: 4862: 4829: 4797: 4762: 4729: 4699: 4660: 4613: 4571: 4533: 4527:978-4575153743 4526: 4493: 4457: 4425: 4391:Yamano, Sharin 4382: 4350: 4331: 4311: 4245: 4214: 4175: 4142: 4107: 4067: 4027: 3987: 3969:Buzzfeed Japan 3949: 3901: 3857: 3823: 3787: 3754: 3722: 3688: 3669: 3649: 3593: 3557: 3517: 3473: 3431: 3398: 3344: 3337: 3314: 3295: 3275: 3256: 3232: 3213: 3193: 3186: 3164: 3118: 3111: 3088: 3073:. 3 May 2012. 3055: 3019: 3000: 2971: 2953: 2935: 2917: 2899: 2881: 2863: 2826: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2778:Taiwanese idol 2775: 2774: 2773: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2752: 2751: 2741: 2736: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2709: 2706: 2678: 2675: 2643:Rino Sashihara 2578: 2575: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2444:Odagiri effect 2430:The Idolmaster 2415:The Idolmaster 2313: 2310: 2304: 2301: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2208: 2176: 2067: 2066: 2048: 2047: 2027: 2026: 1997: 1996:Fan activities 1994: 1992: 1989: 1812:Shoko Nakagawa 1777:Hello! Project 1769:Morning Musume 1764: 1761: 1729:Super Monkey's 1678: 1675: 1663:business model 1647:Akina Nakamori 1631:Akina Nakamori 1623: 1620: 1596:Junko Sakurada 1582:, whose song " 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1483: 1328:instant camera 1209: 1208: 1144: 1051: 940: 939: 913:Sayaka Yoshino 879: 826: 825: 780: 671: 670: 580:Akiko Hinagata 576:Fumie Hosokawa 539:gurabia aidoru 522: 472: 435: 428: 427: 405: 398: 397: 396: 395: 394: 389: 386: 377:Morning Musume 356:sotsugyō-shiki 341: 338: 315:Morning Musume 264: 261: 255: 252: 215: 212: 210: 207: 99: 92: 91: 78: 71: 70: 69: 63:Morning Musume 61: 54: 53: 42: 35: 34: 33: 32: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8264: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8234: 8232: 8222: 8212: 8211: 8208: 8184: 8180: 8179: 8174: 8168: 8152: 8148: 8147: 8142: 8135: 8119: 8115: 8114: 8109: 8102: 8086: 8082: 8081: 8076: 8073:Seale, Jack. 8069: 8053: 8049: 8048: 8043: 8037: 8021: 8017: 8016: 8011: 8004: 8002: 7985: 7981: 7980: 7975: 7968: 7952: 7948: 7947: 7942: 7935: 7919: 7915: 7914: 7909: 7902: 7886: 7882: 7881: 7876: 7870: 7862: 7858: 7857: 7852: 7845: 7829: 7825: 7824: 7823:Nikkan Sports 7819: 7811: 7795: 7791: 7787: 7781: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7751: 7735: 7731: 7730: 7725: 7718: 7702: 7698: 7697: 7692: 7685: 7669: 7665: 7664: 7659: 7652: 7636: 7632: 7631: 7626: 7622: 7615: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7585: 7577: 7571: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7540: 7524: 7520: 7514: 7498: 7494: 7493: 7488: 7481: 7465: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7449: 7433: 7429: 7428:Anime! 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Club 3765: 3758: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3700: 3692: 3676: 3672: 3670:9780791460320 3666: 3662: 3661: 3653: 3637: 3633: 3632: 3627: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3581: 3577: 3576: 3571: 3564: 3562: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3535: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3505: 3501: 3500: 3495: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3419: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3402: 3386: 3382: 3381: 3376: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3340: 3338:9780810854604 3334: 3330: 3329: 3321: 3319: 3302: 3298: 3296:9780774808989 3292: 3288: 3287: 3279: 3263: 3259: 3257:9780415492218 3253: 3249: 3245: 3244: 3236: 3220: 3216: 3214:9780230298309 3210: 3206: 3205: 3197: 3189: 3187:9780674017733 3183: 3179: 3175: 3168: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3114: 3112:9781137283788 3108: 3104: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3060: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3033: 3026: 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Matsuda 1640: 1632: 1628: 1619: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1580:Sylvie Vartan 1568: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1523:Sylvie Vartan 1520: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1440: 1435: 1434:Dempagumi.inc 1431: 1426: 1419: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1391: 1390: 1383: 1382: 1369: 1357: 1354: 1349: 1347: 1342: 1341: 1329: 1322: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1294: 1293:indīzu aidoru 1278: 1262: 1250: 1247: 1242: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1231: 1224: 1223: 1217: 1216:Dempagumi.inc 1213: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1169: 1162: 1150: 1149: 1148:Virtual idols 1145: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1133:Dempagumi.inc 1130: 1124: 1119: 1106: 1102: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1069: 1057: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1040:Rev. from DVL 1036: 1035: 1030: 1026: 1019: 997: 984: 983:gotōji aidoru 977: 976:Rōkaru aidoru 965: 962: 957: 953: 952: 948: 944: 936: 932: 931:Akio Nakamori 918: 914: 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