294:, another local association of Koreans of which Jeon was a member. Yang Ju-eun, a fellow member of the association, recalled in a 1974 interview that Jang, in contrast to Jeon, did not say a single word during that meeting; Jang had a reputation as a "quiet and shy Christian gentleman." However, he purchased a gun from his roommate in order to circumvent laws which prevented Asians from owning guns.
353:
all of whom testified that Jang was not insane when he shot
Stevens, and had been feigning insanity during the proceedings. Nevertheless, the jurors were divided on Jang's fate. While none of them were willing to acquit him outright, only three of the jurors wanted to convict him of first degree murder. Five wanted to convict him of
352:
During Jang's trial, the defense described Japan's subordination of Korea in great detail. According to press reports, several members of the all-white jury were moved to tears. The prosecution reminded the jury that Jang, not Japan, was on trial. They presented four experts in psychiatric disorders,
330:
Because there was insufficient evidence to prove that Jeon and Jang had conspired with each other, Jeon was released in June, and Jang ordered to stand trial as the sole defendant. The Korean community, viewing the case as a chance to validate their claims of oppressions by Japan in Korea, hired
365:"I do not want to live if I am to be sent to prison for a long time. If sent to prison, I will do nothing but weep for my country's wrong. I do not want to live. I wanted to give up my life for my country. I am only a poor man, but I want to die, and I love Korea."
361:. Eventually, on December 23, 1908, the jurors agreed to find Jang guilty of second degree murder. At sentencing, Jang himself requested to the judge through an interpreter to change his sentence to death, a request which was not possible under the law.
435:
321:
on the spot; Jang was arrested and held without bail on a charge of murder, while Jeon was sent to the hospital for treatment. He received news of
Stevens' death two days later with "manifest delight".
317:
to hit
Stevens in the face. Jang then accidentally fired into the melee, striking Stevens twice in the back; Jeon was also shot in the confusion. The crowd which had gathered urged that they be
439:
804:
495:
33:
556:
638:
789:
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401:
779:
345:. Jang's trial was originally scheduled to begin on July 27 in the San Francisco Superior Court. However, on the day of the trial, presiding judge
349:
held a conference in chambers with
Coughlan and several members of the Korean community, as a result of which the trial was delayed by one month.
612:
814:
389:, he returned to the United States. An impoverished and broken man, Jang committed suicide in San Francisco in 1930, and was buried there.
809:
774:
503:
373:, and was released on parole in 1919, having served 10 years. Jang was repatriated to Korea in 1927, where he attended the wedding of
769:
496:"Yang, the Eyewitness: The patriot relates his account of the 1908 assassination of the infamous American mercenary Durham Stevens"
393:
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677:
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255:
539:
819:
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251:
794:
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279:
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three lawyers to defend Jang, among whom one, Nathan
Coughlan, eventually agreed to take on the case
275:
74:
557:"Stevens is Dead; Japanese Mourn; American Diplomat Succumbs to Wounds Inflicted by Korean Fanatic"
464:
Houchins, Lee (October 1994). "The Korean
Experience in America, 1903-1924". In McClain, C. (ed.).
405:
370:
412:
754:
298:
267:
210:
759:
749:
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128:
8:
338:
302:
639:"Steven's Slayer Guilty; In Whan Chang, Korean, Is Convicted of Murder in Second Degree"
643:
589:
561:
673:
669:
The Quest for
Statehood: Korean Immigrant Nationalism and U.S. Sovereignty, 1905-1945
535:
469:
585:"To Try Korean Assassin; Chang, Who Killed Durham White Stevens, Will Plead To-day"
342:
306:
56:
286:. In March 1908, infuriated by Stevens' remarks about Japanese rule in Korea, the
667:
314:
233:
438:. Ministry of Patriots' and Veterans' Affairs, Republic of Korea. Archived from
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247:
100:
725:"장인환의 스트븐즈 사살사건 연구 (A Study of the Shooting of D.W. Stevens by Chang In-whan)"
743:
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78:
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at
Stevens first, but missed, and instead rushed at him, using his weapon
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186:
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Jang was sentenced to 25 years in prison. He served his sentence at
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318:
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110:
546:
Some accounts, notably Yang's, state that Jeon only had a toy gun.
378:
89:
271:
156:
466:
Asian
Indians, Filipinos, Other Asian Communities and the Law
172:
32:
297:
On March 23, 1908, Jeon and Jang approached
Stevens at the
341:'s theory of "patriotic insanity" to argue that Jang was
215:
805:
Recipients of the Order of Merit for National Foundation
532:Japan's Colonization of Korea: Discourse and Power
357:, and the remaining four wanted to convict him of
741:
534:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 81–83.
254:, a former American diplomat, employee of the
493:
278:in August 1906. He became involved with the
237:
178:
162:
672:. Oxford University Press. pp. 40–41.
402:Ministry of Patriots' and Veterans' Affairs
31:
459:
457:
436:"묘소편람: 장인환 (Grave browser: Jang In-hwan)"
242:; March 30, 1875 – April 24, 1930) was a
790:People convicted of murder by California
525:
523:
521:
489:
487:
485:
463:
274:in February 1905, and from there to the
16:Korean independence activist (1875–1930)
780:Korean expatriates in the United States
301:as he prepared to embark on a ferry to
742:
529:
454:
430:
428:
394:Order of Merit for National Foundation
337:. During the trial, he planned to use
518:
494:Lee, K.W.; Grace Kim (January 2005).
482:
815:Inmates of San Quentin State Prison
722:
665:
425:
411:ordered that he be reburied in the
385:. However, under pressure from the
282:while living there, and joined the
13:
810:Burials at Seoul National Cemetery
716:
613:"Trial of In Whan Chang postponed"
392:Jang was posthumously awarded the
14:
831:
775:Korean people convicted of murder
256:Japanese colonial office in Korea
377:and established an orphanage in
343:not guilty by reason of insanity
770:Korean people imprisoned abroad
686:
468:. Routledge. pp. 170–172.
252:assassination of Durham Stevens
700:. December 28, 1908. p. 7
659:
631:
605:
577:
549:
290:held a joint meeting with the
246:. He is best known along with
238:
179:
163:
1:
418:
305:to make a rail connection to
765:Korean nationalist assassins
723:Gim, Won-mo (January 1988).
387:Japanese government of Korea
280:Korean independence movement
244:Korean independence activist
7:
261:
216:
202:
10:
836:
270:, emigrated from Korea to
258:, and pro-Japan lobbyist.
785:Korean resistance members
276:continental United States
250:for his role in the 1908
223:
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75:San Francisco, California
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42:
30:
23:
666:Kim, Richard S. (2011).
371:San Quentin State Prison
325:
820:Korean-American history
617:Ogden Standard-Examiner
530:Dudden, Alexis (2004).
413:Seoul National Cemetery
800:Suicides in California
406:South Korean president
367:
795:People from Pyongyang
363:
299:Port of San Francisco
138:25 years imprisonment
355:second degree murder
197:Revised Romanization
129:Second degree murder
647:. December 25, 1908
339:Arthur Schopenhauer
86:Cause of death
644:The New York Times
590:The New York Times
562:The New York Times
506:on January 2, 2008
404:in 1962. In 1975,
679:978-0-19-537000-3
227:
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211:McCune–Reischauer
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698:Oakland Enquirer
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565:. March 27, 1908
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502:. Archived from
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480:
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452:
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442:on March 3, 2016
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307:Washington, D.C.
292:Dongnip Hyeophoe
288:Daedong Bogukhoe
284:Daedong Bogukhoe
241:
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135:Criminal penalty
125:
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57:Pyongyang, Korea
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717:Further reading
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619:. July 28, 1907
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593:. July 27, 1908
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500:KoreAm Magazine
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309:Jeon fired his
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107:Criminal status
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101:Durham Stevens
99:Assassinating
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96:Known for
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71:(aged 55)
67:April 24, 1930
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53:March 30, 1875
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755:1930 suicides
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735:(1): 273–310.
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123:Conviction(s)
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79:United States
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704:November 30,
702:. Retrieved
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649:. Retrieved
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623:November 11,
621:. Retrieved
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595:. Retrieved
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567:. Retrieved
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510:November 10,
508:. Retrieved
504:the original
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444:. Retrieved
440:the original
391:
368:
364:
359:manslaughter
351:
347:Carroll Cook
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230:Jang In-hwan
229:
228:
203:Jang In-hwan
69:(1930-04-24)
37:Jang in 1907
25:Jang In-hwan
18:
760:1930 deaths
750:1875 births
729:Dongyanghak
398:South Korea
375:Cho Man-sik
236::
151:Korean name
744:Categories
475:0815318510
419:References
49:1875-03-30
694:"Chang 1"
315:as a club
268:Christian
334:pro bono
311:revolver
266:Jang, a
262:Incident
111:Deceased
379:Sonchon
319:lynched
303:Oakland
90:Suicide
676:
538:
472:
272:Hawaii
234:Korean
157:Hangul
326:Trial
173:Hanja
706:2023
674:ISBN
653:2007
625:2007
599:2007
571:2007
536:ISBN
512:2007
470:ISBN
448:2007
64:Died
43:Born
400:'s
396:by
239:장인환
164:장인환
746::
733:18
731:.
727:.
696:.
641:.
615:.
587:.
559:.
520:^
498:.
484:^
456:^
427:^
415:.
381:,
77:,
708:.
682:.
655:.
627:.
601:.
573:.
544:.
514:.
478:.
450:.
232:(
187:煥
184:仁
181:張
51:)
47:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
