33:
343:(NLRB) found Defenders of Wildlife management had violated labor law by terminating a former employee for their union organizing efforts, failing and refusing to provide the staff union with information needed for contract bargaining, and bypassing the union and direct dealing with staff. Clark's name is listed alongside other Defenders of Wildlife senior managers as "supervisors of Respondent" in the subsequent
1275:
At
Defenders, however, the leadership resisted the staff's union push. In July 2021, when CEO Jamie Rappaport Clark was presented with a request to voluntarily recognize the union – more than 75% of the eligible staff had signed union cards – she refused to do so (several other prominent green groups
358:
charges against
Defenders of Wildlife management are still pending investigation by the NLRB. According to the staff union, Clark deprived union members of access to improved leave benefits and annual merit increases in late 2023. Failed negotiations to resolve these issues led the union engaging in
326:
to Clark citing efforts by
Defenders of Wildlife’s executive team to sanitize the Avarna Group’s report. The letter also censured the executive team for downplaying, ignoring, or rejecting consistent themes of fear in previous organizational assessments conducted by the Raben Group and Stratton
338:
Matters worsened in 2022. According a deeply researched article by to
Politico, “current and former staff blame Defenders CEO Jamie Rappaport Clark for setting the tone and establishing a ‘culture of fear’ within the organization. Upsetting Clark over even minor issues, they say, can result in
321:
in 2021. “When asked who staff were afraid of, the primary source of fear was not immediate supervisors, but specific individuals on the
Executive Team, including the CEO.” On March 29, 2021, management staff spanning several departments at Defenders of Wildlife wrote a
316:
gained a reputation for toxic work culture. Employees criticized Clark for perpetuating an internal “culture of fear” within the organization. The term was coined in a report summarizing the results of an internal survey of 144 staff members by the
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in front of
Defenders HQ in Washington, DC, and issued a public petition in February 2023 calling for Clark to negotiate a fair contract or resign as CEO, which garnered over 500 signatures.
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Consulting Group. Defenders staff unionized with Office of
Professional Employees International Union (OPEIU) in July 2021. Clark refused to voluntarily recognize the union,
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223:
Clark has a long career in conservation, both inside the government, mostly with the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, and with non-profit conservation organizations.
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304:
and many other species and habitats. In
November 2023, Clark announced her intention to step down as President and CEO of Defenders of Wildlife sometime in 2024.
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234:(the Service) in 1997, a post which she held until 2001. During her tenure as director, Clark established 27 new refuges and added two million acres to the
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941:"Conservation Groups, Native Organizations Celebrate Wilderness Recommendation for the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge – National Wildlife Federation"
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160:(born 1957 or 1958) is an American conservationist and former government official formerly working as the president and CEO of
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confirmed by the Senate in July of 1997, making history at the age of thirty-nine as the youngest person to serve as director
348:
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253:. The Service was involved in many successful efforts to recover imperiled wildlife during her tenure, including the
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The above charges were settled between the parties in early 2023. As of July 2024, however, several subsequent
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435:"Profiles in Success: Inspiration from Executive Leaders in the Washington, D.C. Area – Jamie Rappaport Clark"
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285:
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back into the wild as part of a national recovery effort. Twenty years later, as the director of the
1601:"Defenders of Wildlife Celebrates Labor Day by Denying New Parental Leave Benefits to Union Members"
1103:
235:
820:
595:
559:"Defenders of Wildlife Announces Andrew Bowman as Next President and CEO | Defenders of Wildlife"
262:
205:
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1500:"Tell Jamie Clark to Negotiate a Fair Union Contract, or Resign as CEO of Defenders of Wildlife"
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184:, earning a B.S. in wildlife biology in 1979. She received an M.S. in wildlife ecology from the
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In recognition of her expertise and achievements in endangered species conservation, President
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issued by the NLRB in
December 2022. In protest of these violations, the staff union held a
273:
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a 2-day ULP strike on July 9-10, 2024 — the first in the organization's 77-year history.
8:
375:
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690:"Press Release – Jamie Clark Confirmed Director of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service"
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813:"Legislative Mandates – Refuge Improvement Act, National Wildlife Refuge System"
639:
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165:
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1626:"Defenders of Wildlife CEO Jamie Clark Deprives Union Staff of Annual Raises"
301:
288:. Under her tenure, Defenders has played a key role in the reintroduction of
276:
in the non-profit community. She has been frequently called on to testify on
169:
108:
1398:"Feds claim Defenders of Wildlife unlawfully fired union-organizing staffer"
1372:"Defenders of Wildlife | National Labor Relations Board | Case 05-CA-287533"
1347:"Defenders of Wildlife | National Labor Relations Board | Case 05-CA-290774"
1260:"Feds claim Defenders of Wildlife unlawfully fired union-organizing staffer"
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1677:"Defenders of Wildlife Union Announces 2-day Unfair Labor Practice Strike"
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503:"Jamie Rappaport Clark Joins Defenders of Wildlife as New Executive VP"
297:
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1526:"E&E News: Conservation group reaches settlement with ex-employee"
1234:"E&E News: Defenders of Wildlife staffers decry 'culture of fear'"
1191:"E&E News: Defenders of Wildlife staffers decry 'culture of fear'"
328:
258:
238:
System. While director, the Service worked with Congress to pass the
1551:"Trial Avoided: Defenders Guilty of 4 Unfair Labor Practice Charges"
1322:"Environmental group staffers say it's a 'nightmare' to go to work"
277:
220:
due to the successful recovery efforts, in which she participated.
201:
1423:"POLITICO Pro: NLRB finds environmental group violated labor laws"
1474:"E&E News: Unions file labor complaints against green groups"
1014:"After quarantine, bison find a new home on the range in Montana"
249:, establishing wildlife conservation as the main purpose of all
786:. US Fish and Wildlife Service. October 9, 1997. Archived from
755:
1040:"Feds Agree to Protect More Critical Habitat for Right Whales"
318:
726:"Interior Secretary Applauds Choice of Jamie Rappaport Clark"
363:
289:
172:
was appointed as the new president of Defenders of Wildlife.
1772:
1448:"NLRB Issues Formal Complaint Against Defenders of Wildlife"
272:, Clark has been at the forefront of endangered species and
269:
1652:"Fuming Defenders of Wildlife staffers move toward strike"
588:"USFWS/NCTC – History and Heritage: Jamie Rappaport Clark"
394:
Continental Divide: Wildlife, People and the Border Wall
362:
As of July 2024, Clark had an approval rating of 26% on
240:
National Wildlife Refuge System Improvements Act of 1997
232:
Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service
216:, she officially removed them from the federal list of
45:
Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service
915:"Jamie Rappaport Clark | Endangered Species Coalition"
1152:"Embattled conservation group leader heads for exit"
467:
465:
1828:United States Fish and Wildlife Service personnel
1703:"Staff set to strike at Defenders of Wildlife HQ"
1215:Rajagopal, Aparna; Holliday, Ava (May 24, 2021).
1214:
620:. US Fish and Wildlife Service. November 10, 2015
462:
402:Huffington Post Blog – Jamie Rappaport Clark
1784:
1768:Jamie Rappaport Clark testifying on Capitol Hill
1291:. National Labor Relations Board. July 30, 2021.
890:"Endangered Species Program | ESA Success Story"
292:to tribal reservations, secured protections for
618:"Species Profile for American Peregrine Falcon"
473:"Defenders of Wildlife Announces New President"
204:. As a college student, she spent a summer at
868:"Species Profile for Gray wolf (Canis lupus)"
440:. Bernhardt Wealth Management. Archived from
196:Clark has been a lifelong participant in the
1497:
1066:"Feds to expand right whale protected areas"
479:. Defenders. October 6, 2011. Archived from
1833:University of Maryland, College Park alumni
175:
1303:"Defenders of Wildlife Notice of Election"
331:, triggering an election sponsored by the
31:
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1649:
1576:"Search | National Labor Relations Board"
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106:1957 or 1958 (age 66–67)
57:July 31, 1997 – January 20, 2001
534:"Conservation group announces new boss"
214:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
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433:Bernhardt, Gordon J. (December 2012).
180:Born in New York city, Clark attended
1471:
1276:voluntarily recognized staff unions).
1150:Bravender, Robin (November 6, 2023).
938:
339:getting fired.” In August 2022, the
1012:Panzar, Javier (November 17, 2014).
963:"Jamie Rappaport Clark | C-SPAN.org"
369:
186:University of Maryland, College Park
141:University of Maryland, College Park
1808:American nonprofit chief executives
640:"News Release | The Peregrine Fund"
280:, providing guidance to members of
13:
1742:"The Rachel Carson Award Honorees"
1650:Bravender, Robin (June 14, 2024).
1320:Bravender, Robin (June 16, 2022).
1096:"Cape Hatteras Protections Upheld"
398:Foreword by Jamie Rappaport Clark.
14:
1844:
1760:
1701:Bravender, Robin (July 8, 2024).
1396:Bowlin, Nick (October 28, 2022).
1258:Bowlin, Nick (October 28, 2022).
1064:Waymer, Jim (November 24, 2014).
988:"Wild Bison Brought to Fort Peck"
939:Grant, Miles (January 26, 2015).
756:"National Wildlife Refuge System"
426:
396:. Texas A&M University Press.
307:
164:. She joined the organization as
1728:"Defenders of Wildlife Overview"
781:"PUBLIC LAW 105–57—OCT. 9, 1997"
699:. August 1, 1997. Archived from
532:Bravender, Robin (May 8, 2024).
312:While under Clark’s leadership,
1813:American women chief executives
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1730:. Glassdoor.com. July 10, 2024.
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943:. National Wildlife Federation
870:. US Fish and Wildlife Service
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341:National Labor Relations Board
333:National Labor Relations Board
1:
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1803:Activists from New York City
697:US Fish and Wildlife Service
374:In 2017 she was awarded the
7:
1798:21st-century American women
356:unfair labor practice (ULP)
10:
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1530:subscriber.politicopro.com
1478:subscriber.politicopro.com
1427:subscriber.politicopro.com
1238:subscriber.politicopro.com
1217:"Listening Session Report"
1195:subscriber.politicopro.com
1175:: CS1 maint: url-status (
412:September 3, 2014, at the
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1818:Towson University alumni
1707:E&E News by POLITICO
1656:E&E News by POLITICO
1326:E&E News by POLITICO
538:E&E News by POLITICO
385:
268:As president and CEO of
236:National Wildlife Refuge
206:Aberdeen Proving Grounds
176:Early life and education
166:executive vice president
16:American conservationist
665:"Jamie Rappaport Clark"
182:Towson State University
132:Towson State University
1778:Endangered Species Act
345:Consolidated Complaint
245:June 17, 2015, at the
1773:Defenders of Wildlife
1766:C-SPAN 1997–present:
1130:Defenders of Wildlife
1100:Defenders of Wildlife
1044:Defenders of Wildlife
992:Defenders of Wildlife
843:"Bald Eagle Recovery"
793:on September 24, 2015
669:Defenders of Wildlife
644:www.peregrinefund.org
507:Defenders of Wildlife
477:Defenders of Wildlife
407:Speeches and articles
382:for her life's work.
314:Defenders of Wildlife
270:Defenders of Wildlife
263:Aleutian Canada goose
208:, where she released
162:Defenders of Wildlife
158:Jamie Rappaport Clark
25:Jamie Rappaport Clark
1289:"Notice of Election"
1106:on December 30, 2014
598:on November 17, 2015
513:on November 17, 2015
274:habitat conservation
1020:. Los Angeles Times
823:on October 13, 2015
483:on October 22, 2014
447:on October 22, 2014
376:Rachel Carson Award
286:conservation issues
1498:Defenders United.
1472:Bravender, Robin.
919:www.endangered.org
335:(NLRB) in 2021.
218:endangered species
168:in 2004. In 2024,
1744:. Audubon Society
1504:actionnetwork.org
1402:High Country News
1264:High Country News
1126:"Success Stories"
392:Schlyer, Krista.
370:Honors and awards
230:appointed her as
210:peregrine falcons
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1506:. Action Network
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98:Personal details
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