267:
486:
435:
458:. The North Carolina soldiers that came to Virginia were unruly and difficult to manage, eventually deserting after being informed that their pay was to be reduced, or returning home after Innes himself disbanded the unit due to its instability. To make matters worse, Virginians under Innes's command were ill-disposed towards him, particularly because he was not a Virginian himself.
473:, in which Braddock led an army into the Ohio valley where it was ambushed and routed, leaving the general mortally wounded. During that operation, Fort Cumberland was used as a holding area for wounded and sick soldiers. Innes was among the first to hear of Braddock's defeat, and one of the first to inform Dinwiddie, by way of
431:, the acting Governor of North Carolina, for the defeat, stating that had Innes's men been assembled in a timely fashion, they could have accompanied Washington to the frontier. Nevertheless, this engagement signaled the beginning of colonial combat between the French and English, which by 1755 had erupted into open war.
383:
After the conclusion of King George's War in 1748, tension increased on the frontier between the French-held North
American territory and the British colonies on the coast. With the possibility of the outbreak of war in 1754, Innes, as an experienced soldier, was nominated as the commander of North
328:
in the Spring of 1741, was disastrous for the
British. At Cartagena, delays by the British fleet in landing troops to assault a key Spanish fortification, combined with the fact that the ladders used by British scaling parties were shorter than the walls they were intended for, caused the militia
292:
over the respective powers' colonial possessions and spheres of influence. At the outset of that conflict, the
British requested that their colonies supply troops for an expedition to South America. Innes was selected by Governor Johnston to lead a company of 100 men from the Cape Fear region to
329:
and regular soldiers to suffer a 50 percent casualty rate prior to the assault being called off. The
Cartagena campaign left only 25 survivors under Innes's command. The North Carolina contingent returned home in January 1743.
332:
Innes was placed in command of the New
Hanover militia after his return. In 1748, after the war between the British and Spanish had expanded into a wider war against the French known in the colonies as
365:
in
Wilmington. There he was associated with Francis Corbin and the Salisbury Land Office (as a land grant agent). After 1750, Innes served on the Governor's Council under both Gabriel Johnston and
469:
arrived with a force of
British regulars in 1755, Innes was named Governor of Fort Cumberland. Braddock tasked Innes with commanding a reserve force of troops at the fort during the disastrous
411:
upon Fry's death, and he led that unit into the Ohio River Valley on
Dinwiddie's orders before Innes was appointed his superior. On 28 May 1754, Washington's unit, along with native
396:. Dinwiddie, a fellow Scot, had become friends with Innes, and considered naming him as Commander-in-Chief of the provincial forces, but instead chose to name Virginian
493:
Innes lived out the remainder of his life as a planter at "Point
Pleasant", his plantation in North Carolina. He died on 5 September 1759 and left behind his wife Jean.
1059:
245:. In or about 1733, he received an additional grant of 640 acres (260 ha; 1.00 sq mi). Shortly after Innes's arrival in North Carolina, Governor
501:
After his death in 1759, Innes's will left a bequest for an academy, to be called the Innes
Academy. The Academy constructed what became the Thalian Hall in
1074:
316:
Upon arriving in South America, Innes and his men, as well as North Carolina's three Albemarle companies, were placed under the direct command of Colonel
1079:
698:
1069:
17:
474:
447:
419:, the unit's commander. A large force of French soldiers then advanced to trap Washington, and on 3 July 1754, assaulted him at
953:
930:
1054:
250:
84:
907:
865:
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477:, of the catastrophe. By the mid-1756, Innes was permitted to resign his commission and return to North Carolina.
392:. The government of Virginia in particular feared French incursions, as it claimed much of the territory in the
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1049:
338:
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271:
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relieved him of his command, and Innes stayed on at Fort Cumberland as its "campmaster general". When General
325:
242:
152:
557:", North Carolina Highway Historical Marker Program, N.C. Dept. of Cultural Resources, accessed 8 June 2019
73:
416:
321:
400:. Fry's death on 15 May 1754 left the position vacant, and Innes was appointed on 4 June 1754, although
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502:
455:
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214:
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115:
506:
964:
424:
420:
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341:, and Innes assisted the local militia under Captain William Dry in repulsing the raiding force.
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and the Governor of Virginia. The fever- and disease-ridden campaign, which culminated in the
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147:
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918:
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378:
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164:
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197:. Innes was given command of a company of North Carolina's provincial soldiers during the
8:
470:
294:
60:
692:
362:
358:
226:
213:. A bequest made by Innes upon his death led to the establishment of Innes Academy in
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861:
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849:
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A Colonial Officer and His Times, 1754–1773: A Biographical Sketch of Hugh Waddell
274:, site of much of the land-based fighting during the Battle of Cartagena de Indias
897:
466:
306:
305:. The Cape Fear company was to be joined by three other companies raised in the
210:
462:
941:
485:
1033:
428:
974:
442:
Innes's tenure as commander-in-chief had scarcely begun at the onset of the
209:. After resigning his commission in 1756, Innes retired to his home on the
1020:
1001:
366:
310:
110:
1015:. Vol. 4–6, & 9. Raleigh, NC: P. M. Hale, Printer to the State.
238:
505:, which exists today. Innes Street, the main east–west thoroughfare in
397:
925:. Vol. 3 (H-K). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
438:
Fort Cumberland as it likely appeared during the French and Indian War
309:
region. Innes was granted a provincial commission as Captain in the
996:. Vol. 11, 22 & 24. Raleigh, NC: State of North Carolina.
302:
201:, and served as Commander-in-Chief of all colonial soldiers in the
56:
434:
825:
234:
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991:
717:
705:
651:
639:
361:. Active in the colonial government, Innes was a baron of the
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who led troops both at home and abroad in the service of the
253:, and tried unsuccessfully to appoint Innes to his council.
813:
777:
230:
596:
584:
572:
427:, and forced the Virginian's surrender. Dinwiddie blamed
357:, charged with the sale of that proprietor's lands in the
560:
301:, a city which is located in the modern-day country of
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454:, and to reinforce a fort there, which was to become
801:
948:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
608:
523:
853:
729:
940:Steelman, Bennett L.; Tetterton, Beverly (2006).
939:
883:. North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
831:
677:. Salisbury, North Carolina. pp. 42, 69–70.
1060:Members of the North-Carolina Provincial Council
1031:
256:
384:Carolina militia, which was to be sent to aid
899:Montcalm and Wolfe: The French and Indian War
1012:Colonial and State Records of North Carolina
993:Colonial and State Records of North Carolina
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819:
783:
723:
711:
657:
645:
602:
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220:
1075:Scottish emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
969:. Raleigh, NC: Edwards & Broughton Co.
461:Within five months of Innes's appointment,
989:
697:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
185:– 5 September 1759) was an American
668:
666:
415:allies, surprised a French unit, killing
1008:
549:
547:
545:
543:
484:
433:
372:
349:Between the War of Jenkins' Ear and the
265:
241:) on the Cape Fear River in what is now
70:5 September 1759 (aged 58–59)
962:
895:
795:
771:
759:
747:
675:History of Rowan County, North Carolina
480:
14:
1032:
923:Dictionary of North Carolina Biography
874:
735:
672:
663:
261:
1080:Scottish people of the British Empire
916:
860:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
807:
633:
540:
534:
353:, Innes served as a commissioner for
407:Washington was given command of the
1070:People from colonial North Carolina
984:Further reading and primary sources
344:
24:
1009:Saunders, William L., ed. (1886).
856:Colonial North Carolina: A History
404:had been Fry's second-in-command.
225:Innes was born around 1700 in the
85:New Hanover County, North Carolina
25:
1096:
355:John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville
990:Clark, Walter, ed. (1895–1907).
917:Smith, Claiborne T. Jr. (1988).
840:
284:In 1739, war broke out between
249:appointed him as a justice for
229:. In 1732, Innes purchased 320
946:Encyclopedia of North Carolina
944:. In Powell, William S (ed.).
921:. In Powell, William S (ed.).
446:. Innes was directed to go to
339:Brunswick Town, North Carolina
272:Castillo San Felipe de Barajas
13:
1:
832:Steelman & Tetterton 2006
512:
326:Battle of Cartagena de Indias
257:Military and political career
243:Bladen County, North Carolina
179:
153:Battle of Cartagena de Indias
49:
517:
189:and political figure in the
74:Castle Hayne, North Carolina
18:James Innes (North Carolina)
7:
902:. New York: Da Capo Press.
489:Coat of Arms of James Innes
417:Joseph Coulon de Jumonville
388:at the request of Governor
337:, a Spanish fleet attacked
270:A modern-day photograph of
10:
1101:
503:Wilmington, North Carolina
376:
299:Viceroyalty of New Granada
277:
215:Wilmington, North Carolina
191:Province of North Carolina
1055:Burials in North Carolina
896:Parkman, Francis (1995).
507:Salisbury, North Carolina
496:
369:until his death in 1759.
221:Early life and emigration
140:
132:
124:
101:
91:
79:
66:
45:
34:
27:Colonial American general
963:Waddell, Alfred (1885).
875:Morton, Patrick (2010).
820:Lefler & Powell 1973
784:Lefler & Powell 1973
724:Lefler & Powell 1973
712:Lefler & Powell 1973
673:Rumple, Jethro (1974) .
658:Lefler & Powell 1973
646:Lefler & Powell 1973
603:Lefler & Powell 1973
591:Lefler & Powell 1973
579:Lefler & Powell 1973
567:Lefler & Powell 1973
555:Marker D-90: James Innes
425:Farmington, Pennsylvania
195:Kingdom of Great Britain
96:Kingdom of Great Britain
877:"French and Indian War"
509:, is named after him.
490:
439:
275:
1065:People from Caithness
1050:British Army officers
942:"Thalian Association"
488:
444:French and Indian War
437:
379:French and Indian War
373:French and Indian War
351:French and Indian War
269:
207:French and Indian War
165:French and Indian War
125:Years of service
481:Retirement and death
471:Braddock expedition
280:War of Jenkins' Ear
262:War of Jenkins' Ear
205:in 1754 during the
199:War of Jenkins' Ear
148:War of Jenkins' Ear
850:Powell, William S.
726:, p. 139-140.
714:, p. 137-138.
660:, p. 136-137.
648:, p. 129-130.
491:
440:
363:Court of Exchequer
359:Granville District
276:
251:New Hanover County
227:Scottish Highlands
187:military commander
116:Provincial Militia
1085:Scottish soldiers
955:978-0-8078-3071-0
932:978-0-8078-1806-0
848:Lefler, Hugh T.;
423:near what is now
409:Virginia Regiment
402:George Washington
394:Ohio River Valley
335:King George's War
203:Ohio River Valley
173:
172:
160:King George's War
16:(Redirected from
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390:Robert Dinwiddie
345:Inter-war career
313:on 7 June 1740.
247:Gabriel Johnston
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467:Edward Braddock
456:Fort Cumberland
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307:Albemarle Sound
297:in the Spanish
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211:Cape Fear River
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919:"Innes, James"
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605:, p. 132.
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539:
537:, p. 251.
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463:Horatio Sharpe
421:Fort Necessity
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909:0-306-80621-5
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774:, p. 46.
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429:Matthew Rowan
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19:
1040:1700s births
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1011:
992:
965:
945:
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898:
885:. Retrieved
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841:Bibliography
827:
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796:Parkman 1995
791:
779:
772:Waddell 1885
767:
760:Waddell 1885
755:
748:Parkman 1995
743:
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475:Lord Fairfax
460:
441:
406:
382:
367:Arthur Dobbs
348:
331:
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311:British Army
283:
237:; 0.50
224:
175:
174:
141:Battles/wars
111:British Army
29:
1045:1759 deaths
881:NCpedia.org
736:Morton 2010
448:Wills Creek
183: 1700
176:James Innes
53: 1700
40:James Innes
1034:Categories
808:Smith 1988
634:Smith 1988
535:Smith 1988
513:References
398:Joshua Fry
239:sq mi
233:(130
92:Allegiance
887:6 January
693:cite book
518:Footnotes
295:Cartagena
128:1740–1756
975:16153240
852:(1973).
452:Maryland
386:Virginia
303:Colombia
102:Service/
61:Scotland
57:Canisbay
1021:1969836
1002:1969836
322:baronet
136:Colonel
36:Colonel
1019:
1000:
973:
952:
929:
906:
864:
681:
497:Legacy
104:branch
80:Buried
413:Mingo
286:Spain
231:acres
72:near
1017:OCLC
998:OCLC
971:OCLC
950:ISBN
927:ISBN
904:ISBN
889:2013
862:ISBN
699:link
679:ISBN
320:, a
288:and
133:Rank
67:Died
46:Born
450:in
1036::
879:.
695:}}
691:{{
665:^
610:^
542:^
525:^
235:ha
217:.
180:c.
50:c.
1023:.
1004:.
977:.
958:.
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178:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
