408:: the government might obtain control of "trading, exportation, importation, production and manufacture" works, and require him "to place , services and property at the disposal of His Majesty in right of Canada, as may be deemed necessary or expedient for securing the public safety, the defence of Canada, the maintenance of public order, or the efficient prosecution of the war, or for maintaining supplies or services essential to the life of the community." A letter to Churchill from Beaverbrook, who at the time was in the former's Ministry, was enough to secure the person and property of Dunn, but his health suffered ill effects, as presently will be related. The week after Dunn had a major surgery, Howe struck again. This time, Howe telephoned on 12 April 1943 to Wilson at the Royal Bank: if Howe's steel experts (likely the same experts Dunn had wrongfooted in the siderite development) were right, either Dunn must stand down from his Chairmanship of Algoma, or he would be forced to expropriate. Many precedents had accumulated over three years, both in the UK and Canada. But Wilson and his Royal Bank stood firm and refused to countenance this extreme. Wilson instead asked for disclosure of the government file, and Howe's bluff was shot. By August 1943, a vice-president at Algoma was removed and the way forward was clear.
325:, and with it went the city: a plaintive cry for help from the mayor to Dunn details the ordeal. This time, at the age of 61, Dunn engineered a takeover so that he became the sole controlling shareholder thereby allowing him to take the tough but necessary reorganization measures to restore profitability to the steel maker. To accomplish this, he raised capital by negotiating bank loans, selling his beloved art collection and taking stock instead of income. As Algoma Steel's president and chairman of its board of directors, he successfully turned it into one of the largest steel mills of the day and for more than twenty years guided the fortunes of the company he would eventually make into one of the most profitable producers in Canada.
485:
123:. With $ 20,000.00 borrowed from his father-in-law, he acquired a seat on the stock exchange. Canadian business at the time was still heavily dependent on investment money from the British financial markets and Dunn became an expert at raising foreign capital for the underwriting of securities as well as selecting the right places to invest. Articulate, outspoken, and with a personality that commanded respect, Dunn had already made contacts with a number of influential people, including a number of railroad executives, one of the most powerful group of entrepreneurs of the day.
436:
352:. The experts unanimously declared that Dunn, who wanted to exploit this mountain of siderite, was mad. Nowhere else in the world was an ore of this grade in commercial use. In the early months of 1939, a pilot process seemed to indicate success, but in order to be ascertained it would require full production. Dunn carried the investment through to the end and a positive result was his reward. The next innovation which Dunn developed into production at Algoma was then known as the "
224:, one of whom committed suicide when his discrepancies were revealed, caused Dunn more financial grief. In 1913, his partner Fischer disappeared and went to ground leaving him with monstrous debts, as their firm was a partnership, not a limited liability vehicle, but he managed courageously and with help from his creditors to cover them all. Nine years later, Dunn forgave Fischer when the latter was "in virtual destitution", even to the point of giving him a job.
918:
615:
376:, the company benefited from the huge demand for steel by the military; however, financial calls from his associates, who needed or wanted to liquidate positions as a result of the French collapse, bedeviled Dunn, who retained in the end his Algoma shares and nothing else. Even then, he mortgaged them to his stockbroker friends. The benefit from a subsidized price for
949:, who discovered the ore as his thesis work and thus "greatly enlarged the bounds of provincial prosperity". In fact, Dunn had specified in the deed that the scholarship was to be awarded for only New Brunswick geological work; Baldwin, who was originally interested in samples from Quebec's North Shore, was led by the Dunn gift to examine ore from New Brunswick.
99:. The small amount of money he had been able to save was not nearly enough to cover his education costs and Dunn worked at a variety of part-time jobs to pay his way through university, including a position in the university library. He graduated in 1898, then worked as a lawyer in Halifax before setting up a law practice in
364:
at the turn of the century because of a similar exhaustion, had been tried once or twice in the US but on ore quite different from that at the
Victoria. No Canadian mines had developed this technique; no large-scale equipment was available for experimentation and so the pilot plant would be uncertain
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Perhaps Dunn's most significant legacy was the discovery of a productive ore near
Bathurst, which was exploited by as many as 700 men for half a century from 1953: One of the annual scholarships, that were provided by Dunn in 1947 to the University of New Brunswick, was awarded to a Master's student
426:
It was during the war that Dunn had two major health crises brought on by old age. These required hospital stays of 17 days and five weeks respectively. He and
Christoforides, who throughout was by his side day and night, succeeded by artful means in keeping both stays from the press. Shortly after
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a celebration of her late husband's life in verse. Printed by the
University of New Brunswick Press in Fredericton, NB, it was sent to friends and family of Dunn. His widow sold the 10,000 acre camp he had acquired near his birthplace the next year. One source places this parcel on Dunn Road near
184:
At a time of rapid development in mechanized industry, as a result of large hydro-electric projects, shrewd investments, underwritings and stock promotions, James Dunn was soon a wealthy man. Dunn's brokerage house underwrote
Pearson's ventures and sufficient capital was raised to allow Pearson to
475:
he raised a war chest that saw him gain effective control of Canada
Steamship Lines in 1951. This was followed up by the acquisition of another shipping line with cargo vessels capable of cost-effective delivery of Algoma Steel's products to the southern markets. Within a few years, Dunn was
451:(CSL), whose ore carriers were an important transporter of ore and coal for the Algoma Steel plant which operated under a geographical disadvantage to its more southerly competitors. Unhappy over CSL's policy of prioritizing service to his steel mill's competition on the lower section of the
720:. The 1928 death of his daughter Mona Dunn from his first marriage sent him into a state of depression and for a time he thought about cutting back on his business activities and returning home to his native New Brunswick. However, in 1929, his new wife gave birth to a daughter,
58:, raised him on her meager earnings as a telegraph clerk. The bereft family also had help from the Fergusons, owners of a large farm, where his mother exchanged household duties for room and board. In his posthumous biography, boyhood and lifelong friend
952:
As used here, the James Hamet Dunn legacy includes not only the bequests of his estate, but also significant charitable gifts that he made during his lifetime, and may no longer exist. Two examples from his hometown suffice to demonstrate his essence:
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for smelting and refining. The
British government obtained a virtual blockade on the supply of nickel to Germany, which was forced to purchase nickel from afar (with all the risk entailed by a distant supply) at inflated "spot" prices.
53:
company whose fortunes had been all but wiped out by the sharp decline in the demand for wooden ships, and died when he fell into the harbour when James was an infant. His widowed mother, who was a particularly devout member of
33:(October 29, 1874 – January 1, 1956) was a Canadian financier and industrialist during the first half of the 20th century. He is recognized chiefly for his 1935 rescue and subsequent 20-year presidency and proprietorship of
70:
through his mother's devotion. Specifically, Beaverbrook mentions the responses to
Questions 74 and 75 (which explicitly command that wealth be acquired only by lawful means) as formative influences on the young Dunn.
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ore was the foundation of the steel industry in 1935, and it was indeed exploited by Algoma. Next to a hematite deposit owned by Algoma was a mountain more than 1,000 feet high but it contained a low-grade ore called
74:
From childhood, James Dunn was a voracious reader with an excellent memory. After completing his schooling, he left home to find employment and for a time he worked as a deckhand for an
American shipping company on
865:
In
January 1956 at the age of 81, after a heart ailment of less than a week Dunn died at his home in St. Andrews, New Brunswick. In commemoration of his birthday, in the same year, Lady Dunn privately published
744:. Thirty-six years his junior, "Christofor" as she was nicknamed, was very bright, intensely loyal, and a devoted partner. James Dunn would seek her input on most every business matter for the rest of his life.
1816:
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Dunn's close friendship with Max Aitken continued after the wealthy New Brunswicker also chose to live in England. Still very much in touch with his roots, after a 1911 fire destroyed the bells of
254:, James Dunn donated the replacements for the original 1849 five-ton bells. The First World War provided him with a number of business opportunities and to the ability to serve Britain. For his
318:
to form the Lake Superior Investment Co. to acquire Algoma Steel. Although Dunn's role at the time was important, he was still only a minority player and the American investors had control.
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in Canada that fell victim to the stock market crash of 1907, he experienced severe financial difficulties. Added to this, mismanagement kept hidden by the officers running his Montreal
310:. Overly dependent on the production of rail tracks, the steel company suffered through numerous problems and in 1908 Dunn had partnered with a British group of investors who included
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in West Bathurst, New Brunswick was consumed by flames in February 1953 after more than forty years' existence. The hospital initiated in northern New Brunswick a school for nurses.
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and expensive. The gamble was a success, and Dunn pioneered again. The Victoria mine was able for a time from 1945 to supplant the Helen mine, while the latter changed from an
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as a private business aircraft, in which he traveled frequently between his homes in Europe and Canada. He kept a vast wine cellar from the vineyards of France and frequented
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financial markets were the centre of the economic universe and encouraged by Pearson, in 1905 James Dunn made the decision to take up residency in London. There he ran a new
1929:
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asked him (and members of the Asquith family) in the autumn of 1914 to write a report on the Army hospital service behind the lines in France. Next, he negotiated with
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941:. Dunn also left a very significant estate to his last wife who fulfilled his wishes and made numerous contributions to charitable, cultural, and educational works.
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84:
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stepped in to save the day. As Minister for Aircraft Production in wartime Britain, Beaverbrook would appoint Wilson in 1940 to manage his North American ministry.
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235:. Despite these setbacks, he would quickly recoup and go on to become a multi-millionaire. It is reported that Dunn partnered with the Belgian financier
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by 1912. Dunn was pained when forced by the Fischer debacle to liquidate his art collection in 1914. The transaction included 13 paintings and included
701:. Upon her divorce she lost custody of an infant child born on 5 August 1929. She next married her lover Anthony Jenkinson, who subsequently committed
508:
Sir James Dunn had been an avid art collector for many years. He was introduced to this pastime by van Horne in 1908, and purchased three paintings by
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400:, in the dark days of October 1940, had shredded Dunn's reputation. Howe threatened Dunn on 26 October 1940 with effective expropriation under the
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Kathleen Mabel Dunn (1907–1969) - she married in 1947 Colonel Sir Robert Philip Wyndham Adeane, O.B.E. (1905–79), kt., of Babraham Hall.
2037:
321:
Algoma Steel went through years of ups and downs, marked by a lack of strong leadership, and in 1935 the company was again forced into
270:
as a central figure in British finance. Although he lived primarily in England during his stockbroking years and maintained a villa in
356:". The need for innovation was due to the exhaustion of ore supplies at the Helen mine. The process, which had been established at
640:–1928). Widely described as 'the most beautiful girl in England' she became at 17 when he met her in Paris in 1919 the mistress of
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Although a workaholic, enjoyed luxury and maintained an active social life. He was one of the first businessman to acquire a
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and wanted to raise capital for his "Havana Electric Company" venture. Already a close friend of fellow New Brunswickers,
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740:. Nevertheless, Dunn and his second wife divorced in 1942 following which he married his long-time personal secretary,
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However, all was not sweetness and light for the first several years of his presidency: for example, in July 1937, the
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Following the divorce from his first wife in 1926, Sir James Dunn married Irene Clarice Richards, the former wife of
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660:, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, and may be viewed on their web-site. Her early death on 19 December 1928 from
146:, Dunn's brokerage work led to even more business connections with some of the elite of corporate Canada, including
2017:
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who had died the year before in 1955, the government of Canada was able to create and provide an endowment for the
343:
Dunn's intestinal fortitude is responsible for his claim to at least two significant innovations in the industry.
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1997:
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In addition, Sir James Dunn has been honoured with numerous buildings and institutions bearing his name such as:
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202:
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in several business ventures, the duo emerging with more than £1,000,000 profit from their 1920s investment in
779:
590:." As well, the art gallery received other works of art that the Dunns collected including a 1650 painting by
158:. As well, he would become a friend and admirer of the very successful American engineer-turned-entrepreneur,
115:
James Dunn became involved in the legal aspects for underwriting activities for companies being listed on the
843:
55:
493:
463:, James Dunn quietly set about buying up shares of the shipping line. He secured a line of credit from the
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1000:
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652:, a war hero of the 5th Dragoon Guards with whom she had in May 1927 a daughter, Monica. Her portrait by
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One of seventeen portraits by Sir William Orpen, which were commissioned by Dunn, of the settlors of the
127:
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Dunn and Howe later became friends, and Howe even acquired a summer manor next door to the Dunn estate,
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1942:
1933:
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Steel at the Sault: Francis Hector Clergue, Sir James Dunn and the Algoma Steel Corporation, 1899–1956
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sanatorium for the care of tuberculosis patients was opened north of Bathurst. It was managed by the
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79:. After this, he made his way to the east coast where he was employed by a manufacturing company in
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the only highland cadet guard in the Canadian Cadet Movement, attached to 333 RCACS Fredericton NB.
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886:. The most complete telling of Dunn's life and business career is available in Duncan McDowall's,
388:. At times Dunn's relationship with the federal government minister in charge of the war effort,
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called in its loans—in a repetition of events that had destroyed Algoma under Clergue in 1907—but
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Steel at the Sault: Francis H. Clergue, Sir James Dunn and the Algoma Steel Corporation 1901-1956
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max1049.ca: "Plaque Honouring Local Man's Contribution to Bathurst Mining Camp to be Installed"
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551:. At the height of the depression, commissioned another dozen, this time of his friends like
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A number of foundations, buildings and academic Chairs bear (or bore) his name including:
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requested a situation report from Dunn on the disrupted supply of foodstuffs from Norway,
8:
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774:. Dunn functioned as a sort of emissary for two Prime Ministers. He first responded when
724:, who lifted his spirits a great deal. Anne Dunn grew up to be an artist, studying under
625:
In 1901, James Dunn was married to Gertrude Paterson Price, the daughter of a prosperous
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Joan Molesworth Dunn (1908–1982) who married 1928 (and was divorced 1 November 1929 by)
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1153:, a high school in St. Andrews, New Brunswick funded after his death by his last wife;
811:; Dunn's plans for increasing the supply were sound and worked admirably in practice.
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As a result of the very substantial taxes on the estate left by Sir James Dunn and
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was a crushing blow to her father. It became the subject of an occasional poem by
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library.dal.ca: "The Buildings of Dalhousie University - Sir James Dunn Building"
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83:. However, before long he returned home took a job as a clerk at the law firm of
107:, Quebec where he landed a position with one of the city's prominent law firms.
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972:, and later demolished to become the state-financed Chaleur Regional Hospital.
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exporting iron ore from his Algoma Ore Properties Limited to American buyers.
274:, Dunn frequently traveled to Canada to spend time at his fishing camp on the
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1955:
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Sir James was a member of the committee that built and opened London's first
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In the late 1940s, he and Christofor, Lady Dunn, developed a friendship with
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266:. During his lifetime Dunn became a major industry leader rivaling even the
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canadianminingjournal.com: "CLOSURE: Brunswick mine closes on a high note"
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380:, granted at the corporate nadir of 1935 by the provincial government of
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103:, Alberta. Within a short time, Dunn was drawn to the booming economy of
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882:) published in 1961 a detailed biography of his late friend, titled
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in 1915, his associate Pearson was killed when the Germans sank the
181:, all the while working in conjunction with his Montreal brokerage.
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was difficult; Beaverbrook relates a story in which he had to calm
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of Bathurst, and in November 1954 the same honour was bestowed by
45:
Dunn was born in the village of St. Peter's, now amalgamated into
1915:
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was launched in 1950, one year prior to the Dunn takeover of CSL.
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lumber dealer. They had five children before divorcing in 1926:
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In 1944, Dunn was invited to serve on the board of directors of
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As a stockbroker, Dunn's company put together a stock issue for
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Francis Archibald Kelhead Douglas, 11th Marquess of Queensberry
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166:
890:(Toronto:University of Toronto Press, hb 1984 & pb 1988).
142:(the future Lord Beaverbrook) and a bright young lawyer named
1828:
sjdps.ca: Welcome to the Sir James Dunn Public School website
535:
Dunn commissioned seventeen portraits of participants at the
525:
614:
644:, who was then Lord Chancellor in the Coalition Cabinet of
570:. The artist went on to paint the portraits of the couple (
427:
the end of the first bout with adversity, he married her.
290:
mining ventures and he began a business relationship with
286:
A number of Sir James Dunn's Canadian investments were in
679:(1905–1976), who was father of two daughters: the author
1169:, a bulk carrier ship (Hull #109) launched in 1951, for
2013:
Canadian baronets recommended by the British government
826:
in five provinces. On 15 August 1950, he was made a
423:. Howe even served as an Executor of Dunn's estate.
1827:
1227:"Bible Presbyterian Church Online: WSC Question 74"
185:create a massive business empire that included the
119:and in 1902 he established the J.H. Dunn & Co.
1875:
1249:
1247:
459:businessman plus the Montreal publishing magnate,
1629:
2008:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
1979:
966:Our Lady of Lourdes of the Lady Dunn Institution
893:At the time of his death, Dunn was president of
606:" as well as John's portrait of Sir James Dunn.
1806:symphonynovascotia.ca: "Sir James Dunn Theatre"
1244:
1159:Sir James Dunn Collegiate and Vocational School
586:along with one of Dalí's greatest pieces, the "
1784:libraries.dal.ca: "Sir James Dunn Law Library"
1596:spectator.co.uk: "That crooked charmer, Smith"
1817:nbed.nb.ca: "The vision of Lady Beaverbrook"
705:in October 1935. She married last in 1943,
578:) which are now on permanent display at the
559:and Lord Beaverbrook, by a down-on-his-luck
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211:Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company
1068:for Physics & Atmospheric Science, and
216:All was not easy and as a director of the
187:São Paulo Tramway, Light and Power Company
1896:
1761:unbhistory.lib.unb.ca: "James Hamet Dunn"
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759:where he was a friend of television host
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2048:People from Saint Andrews, New Brunswick
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1873:
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916:
868:The Ballad of a Bathurst Boy: 1874-1956,
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1914:
1910:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
1878:Historic Bathurst on the Bay of Chaleur
1771:
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369:to, in 1949, an underground operation.
14:
1980:
1920:La Mine Brunswick: la fin d'une époque
1258:
1210:, which were opened in 1923 and 1925.
1200:Sir James Dunn Highland Guard of Honor
302:, Algoma Steel had been taken over by
91:, led him to the decision to apply to
1899:An Outline of the History of Bathurst
1654:
997:Sir James Dunn Wildlife Research Fund
1867:Courage: The Story of Sir James Dunn
1601:
1589:
1384:
1208:public golf courses in Richmond Park
1184:, once Algoma's source for iron ore;
1121:Sir James Dunn Animal Welfare Centre
970:Religious Hospitallers of St. Joseph
884:Courage: The Story of Sir James Dunn
677:Philip Gordon Dunn, 2nd Baronet Dunn
27:Canadian financier and industrialist
2033:People from Bathurst, New Brunswick
1901:. Sackville, NB: The Tribune Press.
1869:. Fredericton, NB: Brunswick Press.
854:all granted him honorary degrees.
770:that Dunn was knighted in the 1921
707:Charles Dutton, 7th Baron Sherborne
406:National Resources Mobilization Act
24:
1882:. Halifax, NS: Nimbus Publishing.
1635:"Death of Mr. Anthony Jenkinson",
1125:University of Prince Edward Island
982:Sir James Dunn Jubilee Scholarship
685:Serena Dunn, later Lady Rothschild
110:
62:remarks on Dunn's exposure to the
25:
2064:
2038:Businesspeople from New Brunswick
1874:McCarthy, Aloysius James (1999).
1622:"Decree Nisi For Peeress's Son",
1441:cityssm.on.ca: "Mining in Algoma"
479:
60:Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook
31:Sir James Hamet Dunn, 1st Baronet
1943:Baronetage of the United Kingdom
822:. He was a made a member of the
134:. Van Horne had invested in the
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1093:Sir James Dunn Chair in Geology
921:The Sir James Dunn building at
899:Cannelton Coal and Coke Company
742:Marcia Anastasia Christoforides
384:, was cancelled in 1942 by the
281:
207:British American Nickel Company
203:Mexican Light and Power Company
93:Dalhousie University Law School
1360:
1348:
1344:. 15 March 1921. p. 2092.
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1304:
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1025:, Fredericton, New Brunswick:
986:Mount Saint Vincent University
766:It was for his service in the
314:to cooperate with an American
56:St. Luke's Presbyterian church
13:
1:
2043:Canada Steamship Lines people
2023:Schulich School of Law alumni
1858:
1703:St. Croix Courier, 5 Jan 1956
1680:St. Croix Courier, 4 Nov 1954
1162:in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario;
1037:Sir James Dunn Student Lounge
844:St. Francis Xavier University
782:an agreement that all of the
712:Brigid Leila Dunn (1919–1991)
668:, which was published by the
634:
621:, Dunn's home at St. Andrews.
576:Gala-Salvador Dalí Foundation
572:Gala-Salvador Dalí Foundation
278:not far from his birthplace.
49:, Canada. His father owned a
40:
18:James Hamet Dunn, 1st Baronet
1178:Sir James Dunn Public School
195:Mexico North Western Railway
87:, where he worked alongside
7:
1922:. Fredericton, NB: Xstrata.
1012:University of New Brunswick
1001:University of New Brunswick
939:Canada Council for the Arts
836:University of New Brunswick
788:Kristiansand Nickel Company
609:
415:, at the seaside resort of
10:
2069:
1934:Grande-Anse, New Brunswick
1839:sjdps.ca: "School History"
1059:Sir James Dunn Law Library
873:Allardville, New Brunswick
832:St. Andrews, New Brunswick
772:New Year's List of Honours
584:Fredericton, New Brunswick
304:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
258:efforts, he was created a
130:, the former president of
1966:
1953:
1948:
1941:
1906:McDowall, Duncan (1984).
1865:Lord Beaverbrook (1961).
1639:, 30 October 1935, p. 11.
1394:cbhf.ca: "Sir James Dunn"
1290:The Canadian Encyclopedia
959:James Hamet Dunn Hospital
912:
895:Algoma Ore Properties Ltd
814:In 1949, Dunn was made a
500:, at the time Premier of
306:investors after its 1903
296:Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
148:George Alexander Drummond
2028:Canadian philanthropists
1897:MacMillan, Gail (1978).
1626:, 2 November 1929, p. 4.
1213:
1086:Sackville, New Brunswick
1082:Mount Allison University
1008:Sir James Dunn Residence
907:Canadian Furnace Company
903:Fiborn Limestone Company
697:, an MP, and stepson of
362:Guillaume Daniel Delprat
173:in partnership with the
132:Canadian Pacific Railway
2018:Canadian art collectors
1932:, written July 1892 in
1100:Sir James Dunn Building
1066:Sir James Dunn Building
1023:Saint Thomas University
658:Beaverbrook Art Gallery
580:Beaverbrook Art Gallery
498:William Ferguson Massey
358:Broken Hill Proprietary
248:Christ Church Cathedral
199:Mexican Tramway Company
160:Frederick Stark Pearson
121:stock brokerage company
117:Montreal Stock Exchange
89:Richard Bedford Bennett
47:Bathurst, New Brunswick
2053:Canadian Presbyterians
1998:Lawyers in Nova Scotia
1598:, 26 Nov 1983, Page 26
1285:"Sir James Hamet Dunn"
1171:Canada Steamship Lines
1150:Sir James Dunn Academy
1073:Sir James Dunn Theatre
926:
648:. She married in 1925
622:
505:
494:Paris Peace Conference
455:, with backing from a
449:Canada Steamship Lines
444:
431:Canada Steamship Lines
154:and the up-and-coming
1930:poem by James H. Dunn
1191:in Michipicoten (now
920:
617:
537:Versailles Conference
487:
461:John Wilson McConnell
438:
264:1921 New Year Honours
227:At the height of the
136:Cuba Railroad Company
1231:shortercatechism.com
1049:Halifax, Nova Scotia
1045:Dalhousie University
990:Halifax, Nova Scotia
923:Dalhousie University
840:Dalhousie University
543:, amongst whom were
490:Treaty of Versailles
473:Royal Bank of Canada
97:Halifax, Nova Scotia
1075:at the Arts Center;
1030:Sir James Dunn Hall
935:Izaak Walton Killam
860:Freedom of the City
828:Freeman of the City
512:before 1911, and a
177:investment dealer,
156:Izaak Walton Killam
81:Lynn, Massachusetts
1613:, pp. 108–113
1586:, pp. 241–246
1550:, pp. 230–235
1431:, pp. 171–173
1419:, pp. 141–143
1407:, pp. 137–140
1341:The London Gazette
1189:Lady Dunn Hospital
1137:a Chair in mining.
1132:Queen's University
927:
878:Lord Beaverbrook (
856:Sault Sainte Marie
852:Queen's University
646:David Lloyd George
623:
588:Santiago el Grande
506:
457:Winnipeg, Manitoba
445:
354:Sink-Float process
237:Alfred Loewenstein
209:in Canada and the
2003:Lawyers in Quebec
1976:
1975:
1967:Succeeded by
964:In May 1931, the
820:Maurice Duplessis
794:would be sent to
650:Edmund Tattersall
541:Sir William Orpen
394:Winston Churchill
386:Conant government
128:William Van Horne
66:and the creed of
64:Shorter Catechism
16:(Redirected from
2060:
1939:
1938:
1923:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1881:
1870:
1853:
1850:Beaverbrook 1961
1847:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1716:, pp. 214–6
1714:Beaverbrook 1961
1711:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1691:Beaverbrook 1961
1688:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1668:Beaverbrook 1961
1665:
1652:
1651:, pp. 91–95
1649:Beaverbrook 1961
1646:
1640:
1633:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1611:Beaverbrook 1961
1608:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1584:Beaverbrook 1961
1581:
1575:
1572:Beaverbrook 1961
1569:
1563:
1562:, pp. 236–8
1560:Beaverbrook 1961
1557:
1551:
1548:Beaverbrook 1961
1545:
1539:
1536:Beaverbrook 1961
1533:
1527:
1524:Beaverbrook 1961
1521:
1515:
1512:Beaverbrook 1961
1509:
1503:
1502:, pp. 164–7
1500:Beaverbrook 1961
1497:
1491:
1490:, pp. 148–9
1488:Beaverbrook 1961
1485:
1479:
1478:, pp. 161–2
1476:Beaverbrook 1961
1473:
1467:
1464:Beaverbrook 1961
1461:
1455:
1454:, pp. 145–8
1452:Beaverbrook 1961
1449:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1429:Beaverbrook 1961
1426:
1420:
1417:Beaverbrook 1961
1414:
1408:
1405:Beaverbrook 1961
1402:
1396:
1391:
1382:
1379:Beaverbrook 1961
1376:
1370:
1369:, pp. 74–81
1367:Beaverbrook 1961
1364:
1358:
1355:Beaverbrook 1961
1352:
1346:
1345:
1332:
1326:
1325:, pp. 86–87
1323:Beaverbrook 1961
1320:
1314:
1313:, pp. 82–90
1311:Beaverbrook 1961
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1281:
1275:
1274:, pp. 131–2
1269:
1256:
1254:Beaverbrook 1961
1251:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1223:
1104:computer science
858:awarded him the
848:Laval University
639:
636:
557:Lord Castlerosse
469:Earle McLaughlin
465:Bank of Montreal
402:War Measures Act
396:because Howe or
382:Mitchell Hepburn
374:Second World War
334:Morris W. Wilson
330:Bank of Montreal
288:Northern Ontario
241:British Celanese
21:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2057:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1963:
1958:
1890:
1861:
1856:
1848:
1844:
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1833:
1826:
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1815:
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1800:
1793:
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1617:
1609:
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1439:
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1399:
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1361:
1353:
1349:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1295:
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1282:
1278:
1270:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1054:a chair in Law;
945:by the name of
915:
738:Académie Julian
670:Ashendene Press
642:Lord Birkenhead
637:
612:
482:
433:
300:Francis Clergue
294:, a company in
284:
222:brokerage house
205:in Mexico, the
144:Richard Bennett
113:
111:The stockbroker
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2066:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1925:
1924:
1912:
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1409:
1397:
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1371:
1359:
1347:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1276:
1272:MacMillan 1978
1257:
1243:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1185:
1174:
1167:Sir James Dunn
1163:
1154:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1128:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1096:
1078:
1077:
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1055:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1019:
1004:
993:
974:
973:
962:
914:
911:
816:King's Counsel
780:Jacob Borreson
714:
713:
710:
691:
688:
673:
611:
608:
553:Lord Greenwood
545:Woodrow Wilson
481:
480:Art collection
478:
432:
429:
398:Mackenzie King
312:Robert Fleming
283:
280:
218:Sovereign Bank
112:
109:
85:George Gilbert
42:
39:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2065:
2054:
2051:
2049:
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2041:
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2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1971:
1962:
1960:(of Bathurst)
1959:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1889:9781551093031
1885:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1852:, p. 200
1851:
1846:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1780:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1746:
1740:, 30 Apr 2013
1739:
1734:
1728:, p. 129
1727:
1726:McCarthy 1999
1722:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1699:
1693:, p. 185
1692:
1687:
1681:
1676:
1670:, p. 199
1669:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1650:
1645:
1638:
1632:
1625:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1597:
1592:
1585:
1580:
1574:, p. 239
1573:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1549:
1544:
1538:, p. 161
1537:
1532:
1526:, p. 267
1525:
1520:
1514:, p. 202
1513:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1466:, p. 118
1465:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1437:
1430:
1425:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1381:, p. 120
1380:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1356:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1193:Wawa, Ontario
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:Wawa, Ontario
1179:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1144:
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1118:
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1087:
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1079:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1063:
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1056:
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1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:
977:
971:
967:
963:
960:
956:
955:
954:
950:
948:
942:
940:
936:
932:
924:
919:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
869:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
818:in Quebec by
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
797:
793:
789:
786:mined by the
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
758:
755:, especially
754:
753:New York City
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
734:Fernand Léger
731:
730:Paris, France
727:
723:
719:
711:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:Hubert Duggan
692:
689:
686:
682:
678:
674:
671:
667:
663:
659:
656:hangs in the
655:
654:William Orpen
651:
647:
643:
632:
631:
630:
628:
620:
616:
607:
605:
601:
600:Augustus John
597:
593:
592:Jakob van Loo
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:Salvador Dalí
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
549:George Barnes
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
477:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
442:
437:
428:
424:
422:
421:New Brunswick
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
298:. Founded by
297:
293:
289:
279:
277:
276:Nigadoo River
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
233:RMS Lusitania
230:
225:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
182:
180:
176:
172:
171:merchant bank
168:
165:However, the
163:
161:
157:
153:
152:Henry Pellatt
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
77:Lake Michigan
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
48:
38:
36:
32:
19:
1961:
1954:
1950:New creation
1949:
1919:
1907:
1898:
1877:
1866:
1845:
1834:
1823:
1812:
1801:
1790:
1779:
1774:, p. 21
1772:Xstrata 2012
1767:
1756:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1698:
1686:
1675:
1644:
1636:
1631:
1623:
1618:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1447:
1436:
1424:
1412:
1400:
1374:
1362:
1357:, p. 95
1350:
1339:
1330:
1318:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1288:
1279:
1234:. Retrieved
1230:
1221:
1205:
1199:
1188:
1177:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1142:
1120:
1114:departments;
1099:
1092:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1036:
1029:
1007:
996:
981:
975:
965:
958:
951:
947:A.B. Baldwin
943:
928:
892:
887:
883:
877:
867:
864:
813:
801:Lloyd George
765:
749:Douglas DC-3
746:
715:
666:Shane Leslie
624:
618:
603:
595:
587:
565:
534:
507:
467:and through
446:
440:
425:
412:
410:
371:
342:
327:
323:receivership
320:
292:Algoma Steel
285:
282:Algoma Steel
245:
226:
215:
183:
179:C.L. Fischer
164:
125:
114:
73:
51:shipbuilding
44:
35:Algoma Steel
30:
29:
1993:1956 deaths
1988:1874 births
1970:Philip Dunn
1336:"No. 32257"
1296:7 September
1236:9 September
1108:mathematics
931:Nova Scotia
761:Ed Sullivan
736:and at the
726:Henry Moore
699:Lord Curzon
662:peritonitis
638: 1902
633:Mona Dunn (
627:Quebec City
596:A Gentleman
502:New Zealand
453:Great Lakes
417:St. Andrews
372:During the
268:Rothschilds
256:World War I
252:Fredericton
1982:Categories
1964:1921–1956
1859:References
1016:Saint John
880:Max Aitken
602:picture, "
598:" and the
441:SS Norgoma
390:C. D. Howe
338:Royal Bank
316:consortium
308:bankruptcy
201:, and the
140:Max Aitken
41:Early life
1637:The Times
1624:The Times
768:Great War
681:Nell Dunn
619:Dayspring
514:Velazquez
496:of 1919:
413:Dayspring
229:Great War
68:John Knox
1928:Boyhood
1918:(2012).
1102:for the
757:Broadway
610:Personal
594:titled "
530:El Greco
522:Bronzino
404:and the
367:open-pit
350:siderite
345:Hematite
105:Montreal
101:Edmonton
1956:Baronet
1916:Xstrata
1123:at the
1112:physics
1010:at the
999:of the
809:Denmark
776:Asquith
728:and in
703:suicide
604:Dorelia
561:Sickert
518:Holbein
492:at the
471:at the
336:of the
262:in the
260:baronet
243:alone.
1886:
1018:campus
913:Legacy
905:, and
834:. The
805:Sweden
796:Canada
792:Norway
784:nickel
683:, and
378:sinter
272:France
197:, the
193:, the
191:Brazil
167:London
1214:Notes
732:with
526:Manet
175:Swiss
1884:ISBN
1298:2019
1238:2019
1198:The
1187:the
1176:The
1165:The
1156:The
1147:The
1119:the
1110:and
1098:the
1091:the
1071:the
1064:the
1057:the
1035:the
1028:the
1006:the
995:the
980:the
957:The
850:and
807:and
722:Anne
675:Sir
547:and
528:and
510:Goya
439:The
1180:in
1130:at
1095:and
1084:in
1080:at
1047:in
1043:at
1032:and
1021:at
988:in
984:at
933:'s
824:bar
790:of
582:in
539:by
419:in
360:by
250:in
189:in
95:in
1984::
1656:^
1603:^
1386:^
1338:.
1287:.
1260:^
1246:^
1229:.
1195:);
1134::
1106:,
1088::
1051::
1014:,
909:.
901:,
897:,
875:.
862:.
846:,
842:,
838:,
763:.
635:c.
574:)(
563:.
555:,
532:.
524:,
520:,
213:.
162:.
150:,
37:.
1892:.
1300:.
1240:.
1173:;
1127:;
1061:,
1003:;
992:;
925:.
709:.
687:.
672:.
504:.
20:)
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