John James Audubon

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of dismounting and leading him, when he all of a sudden fell a-groaning piteously, hung his head, spread out his forelegs, as if to save himself from falling, and stood stock still, continuing to groan. I thought my horse was about to die, and would have sprung from his back had a minute more elapsed; but as that instant all the shrubs and trees began to move from their very roots, the ground rose and fell in successive furrows, like the ruffled water of a lake, and I became bewildered in my ideas, as I too plainly discovered, that all this awful commotion was the result of an earthquake. I had never witnessed anything of the kind before, although like every person, I knew earthquakes by description. But what is description compared to reality! Who can tell the sensations which I experienced when I found myself rocking, as it were, upon my horse, and with him moving to and fro like a child in a cradle, with the most imminent danger around me.

1321:. All species were drawn life size which accounts for the contorted poses of the larger birds as Audubon strove to fit them within the page size. Smaller species were usually placed on branches with berries, fruit, and flowers. He used several birds in a drawing to present all views of anatomy and wings. Larger birds were often placed in their ground habitat or perching on stumps. At times, as with woodpeckers, he combined several species on one page to offer contrasting features. He frequently depicted the birds' nests and eggs, and occasionally natural predators, such as snakes. He usually illustrated male and female variations, and sometimes juveniles. In later drawings, Audubon used assistants to render the habitat for him. In addition to faithful renderings of anatomy, Audubon also employed carefully constructed composition, drama, and slightly exaggerated poses to achieve artistic as well as scientific effects. 1328: 640: 626:

Rozier, I the said John Audubon one of the firm aforesaid do hereby release and forever quit claim to all and any interest which I have or may have in the stock on hand and debts due to the late firm of Audubon and Rozier assign, transfer and set over to said Ferdinand Rozier, all my rights, titles, claims and interest in the goods, merchandise and debts due to the late firm of Audubon and Rozier, and do hereby authorize and empower him for my part, to collect the same in any manner what ever either privately or by suit or suits in law or equity hereby declaring him sole and absolute proprietor and rightful owner of all goods, merchandise and debts of this firm aforesaid, as completely as they were the goods and property of the late firm Audubon and Rozier.

1352: 1558: 912: 687: 924: 995: 5992: 357: 276: 501: 1682: 886: 319:, and dance. Audubon enjoyed roaming in the woods, often returning with natural curiosities, including birds' eggs and nests, of which he made crude drawings. His father planned to make a seaman of his son. At twelve, Audubon went to military school and became a cabin boy. He quickly found out that he was susceptible to seasickness and not fond of mathematics or navigation. After failing the officer's qualification test, Audubon ended his incipient naval career. He returned to exploring fields again, focusing on birds. 1062: 1085: 2028: 2058: 2043: 2073: 2013: 509: 44: 1097: 1412: 4968: 164: 1153:, edited by his widow and derived primarily from his notes, Audubon related visiting the northeastern Florida coastal sugar plantation of John Joachim Bulow for Christmas 1831/early January 1832. It was started by his father and at 4,675 acres, was the largest in East Florida. Bulow had a sugar mill built there under direction of a Scottish engineer, who accompanied Audubon on an excursion in the region. The mill was destroyed in 1836 in the 731: 328: 2169: 1149:, a companion wrote in a newspaper article, "Mr. Audubon is the most enthusiastic and indefatigable man I ever knew ... Mr. Audubon was neither dispirited by heat, fatigue, or bad luck ... he rose every morning at 3 o'clock and went out ... until 1 o'clock." Then he would draw the rest of the day before returning to the field in the evening, a routine he kept up for weeks and months. In the posthumously published book 5233: 400: 942:. This monumental work consists of 435 hand-colored, life-size prints of 497 bird species, made from engraved copper plates of various sizes depending on the size of the image. They were printed on sheets measuring about 39 by 26 inches (990 by 660 mm). The work illustrates slightly more than 700 North American bird species, of which some were based on specimens collected by fellow ornithologist 488:

finding that two of them had the little ring on the leg." However, multiple independent primary sources (including original, dated drawings of European species) demonstrate that Audubon was in France during the spring of 1805, not in Pennsylvania as he later claimed. Furthermore, Audubon's claim to have re-sighted 2 out of 5 of the banded phoebes as adults (i.e., a 40% rate of natal

1204:" and who doubted that the book would sell a single copy in the city. A dejected Audubon continued to talk to the merchant and a mutual friend who, by chance, had appeared. The merchant, having further considered his position, said, "I subscribe to your work", gave him $ 200 for the first volume, and promised to act as his agent in finding additional subscriptions. 606:: "Whenever I meet Indians, I feel the greatness of our Creator in all its splendor, for there I see the man naked from His hand and yet free from acquired sorrow." Audubon also admired the skill of Kentucky riflemen and the "regulators", citizen lawmen who created a kind of justice on the Kentucky frontier. In his travel notes, he claims to have encountered 191:. His combined interests in art and ornithology turned into a plan to make a complete pictorial record of all the bird species of North America. He was notable for his extensive studies documenting all types of American birds and for his detailed illustrations, which depicted the birds in their natural habitats. His major work, a color-plate book titled 462:(1834), Audubon told a story from his childhood, 30 years after the events reportedly took place, that has since garnered him the label of "first bird bander in America". The story has since been exposed as likely apocryphal. In the spring of 1804, according to the story, Audubon discovered a nest of the "Pewee Flycatcher", now known as the 908:, reaching England in the autumn of 1826 with his portfolio of over 300 drawings. With letters of introduction to prominent Englishmen, and paintings of imaginary species including the "Bird of Washington", Audubon gained their quick attention. "I have been received here in a manner not to be expected during my highest enthusiastic hopes." 1379:, and deliberate manipulation of the primary record. Research has uncovered that Audubon falsified (and fabricated) scientific data, published fraudulent data and images in scientific journals and commercial books, invented new species to impress potential subscribers, and to "prank" rivals, and most likely stole the holotype specimen of 1313:

eagle, he would spend up to four 15-hour days, preparing, studying, and drawing it. His paintings of birds are set true-to-life in their natural habitat. He often portrayed them as if caught in motion, especially feeding or hunting. This was in stark contrast to the stiff representations of birds by his contemporaries, such as

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turkey. Among the earliest plates printed was the "Bird of Washington", which generated favorable publicity for Audubon as his first discovery of a new species. However, no specimen of the species has ever been found, and research published in 2020 suggests that this plate was a mixture of plagiarism and ornithological fraud.

826:. Though he did not use oils much for his bird work, Audubon earned good money painting oil portraits for patrons along the Mississippi. (Audubon's account reveals that he learned oil painting in December 1822 from Jacob Stein, an itinerant portrait artist. After they had enjoyed all the portrait patronage to be expected in 1253:, with 65 additional plates. Printed in standard format to be more affordable than the oversize British edition, it earned $ 36,000 and was purchased by 1100 subscribers. Audubon spent much time on "subscription-gathering trips", drumming up sales of the octavo edition, as he hoped to leave his family a sizeable income. 260:, he was imprisoned by Britain. After his release, he helped the American cause. He had long worked to save money and secure his family's future with real estate. Due to repeated uprisings of slaves in the Caribbean, he sold part of his plantation in Saint-Domingue in 1789 and purchased a 284-acre farm called 694:

During a visit to Philadelphia in 1812 following Congress' declaration of war against Great Britain, Audubon became an American citizen and had to give up his French citizenship. After his return to Kentucky, he found that rats had eaten his entire collection of more than 200 drawings. After weeks of

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but the animal knew better than I what was forthcoming, and instead of going faster, so nearly stopped that I remarked he placed one foot after another on the ground with as much precaution as if walking on a smooth piece of ice. I thought he had suddenly foundered, and, speaking to him, was on point

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He also said that he had "ample proof afterwards that the brood of young Pewees, raised in the cave, returned the following spring, and established themselves farther up on the creek, and among the outhouses in the neighbourhood … having caught several of these birds on the nest, had the pleasure of

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Original hand-written receipt of the financial exchange per the Agreement, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, Missouri. "Ste. Genevieve April 6, 1811, $ 1,000.000, (~$ 21.4 million in 2023) Six Months after date I promise to pay Mr. John Audubon or Orders One Thousand Dollars Value without

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Audubon returned to America in 1829 to complete more drawings for his magnum opus. He also hunted animals and shipped the valued skins to British friends. He was reunited with his family. After settling business affairs, Lucy accompanied him back to England. Audubon found that during his absence, he

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visited Kentucky and the Ohio River valley to study fishes and was a guest of Audubon. In the middle of the night, Rafinesque noticed a bat in his room and thought it was a new species. He happened to grab Audubon's favourite violin in an effort to knock the bat down, resulting in the destruction of

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Audubon and Rozier mutually agreed to end their partnership at Ste. Genevieve on April 6, 1811. Audubon had decided to work at ornithology and art and wanted to return to Lucy and their son in Kentucky. Rozier agreed to pay Audubon US$ 3,000 (equivalent to $ 54,936 in 2023), with $ 1,000 in cash

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of the feathers from the nest. I attached light threads to their legs: these they invariably removed, either with their bills, or with the assistance of their parents. I renewed them, however, until I found the little fellows habituated to them; and at last, when they were about to leave the nest, I

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Audubon lived with the tenants in the two-story stone house, in an area that he considered a paradise. "Hunting, fishing, drawing, and music occupied my every moment; cares I knew not, and cared naught about them." Studying his surroundings, Audubon quickly learned the ornithologist's rule, which he

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Lucy became the steady breadwinner for the couple and their two young sons. Trained as a teacher, she conducted classes for children in their home. Later she was hired as a local teacher in Louisiana. She boarded with their children at the home of a wealthy plantation owner, as was often the custom

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questioning Audubon's honesty and trustworthiness. Audubon also repeatedly lied about the details of his autobiography, including the place and circumstances of his birth. His diaries, which might have cleared up some of these issues, were destroyed by his granddaughter, who published a doctored

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Audubon developed his own methods for drawing birds. First, he killed them using fine shot. He then used wires to prop them into a natural position, unlike the common method of many ornithologists, who prepared and stuffed the specimens into a rigid pose. When working on a major specimen like an

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Audubon sold oil-painted copies of the drawings to make extra money and publicize the book. A potential publisher had Audubon's portrait painted by John Syme, who clothed the naturalist in frontier clothes; the portrait was hung at the entrance of his exhibitions, promoting his rustic image. The

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All anxieties and fears which overshadowed his work in its beginning had passed away. The prophecies of kind but overprudent friends, who did not understand his self-sustaining energy, had proved untrue; the malicious hope of his enemies, for even the gentle lover of nature has enemies, had been

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Audubon sometimes used his drawing talent to trade for goods or sell small works to raise cash. He made charcoal portraits on demand at $ 5 each and gave drawing lessons. In 1823, Audubon took lessons in oil painting technique from John Steen, a teacher of American landscape, and history painter

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I John Audubon, having this day mutual consent with Ferdinand Rozier, dissolved and forever closed the partnership and firm of Audubon and Rozier, and having Received from said Ferdinand Rozier payment and notes to the full amount of my part of the goods and debts of the late firm of Audubon and

754:, who stayed with him from October 1820 to August 1822 and painted the plant life backgrounds of many of Audubon's bird studies. He was committed to find and paint all the birds of North America for eventual publication. His goal was to surpass the earlier ornithological work of poet-naturalist 957:

The pages were organized for artistic effect and contrasting interest, as if the reader were taking a visual tour. (Some critics thought he should have organized the plates in Linnaean order as befitting a "serious" ornithological treatise.) The first and perhaps most famous plate was the wild

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Audubon set about to study American birds, determined to illustrate his findings in a more realistic manner than most artists did then. He began drawing and painting birds, and recording their behavior. After an accidental fall into a creek, Audubon contracted a severe fever. He was nursed and

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The cost of printing the entire work was $ 115,640 (over $ 2,000,000 today), paid for from advance subscriptions, exhibitions, oil painting commissions, and animal skins, which Audubon hunted and sold. Audubon's great work was a remarkable accomplishment. It took more than 14 years of field

818:. He attempted to paint one page each day. Painting with newly discovered technique, he decided his earlier works were inferior and re-did them. He hired hunters to gather specimens for him. Audubon realized the ambitious project would take him away from his family for months at a time. 352:

to pursue lead mining in Pennsylvania at Audubon's Pennsylvania property of Mill Grove. The Audubon-Rozier partnership was based on Rozier's buying half of Jean Audubon's share of a plantation in Haiti, and lending money to the partnership as secured by half interest in the lead mining.

298:, France, by Audubon and his French wife, Anne Moynet Audubon, whom he had married years before his time in Saint-Domingue. In 1794 they formally adopted both the children to regularize their legal status in France. They renamed the boy Jean-Jacques Fougère Audubon and the girl Rose. 245:). They named him Jean Rabin. Another 1887 biographer has stated that his mother was a lady from a Louisiana plantation. His mother died when he was a few months old, as she had suffered from tropical disease since arriving on the island. His father already had an unknown number of 1317:. Audubon based his paintings on his extensive field observations. He worked primarily with watercolor early on. He added colored chalk or pastel to add softness to feathers, especially those of owls and herons. He employed multiple layers of watercoloring, and sometimes used 935:

The British could not get enough of Audubon's images of backwoods America and its natural attractions. He met with great acceptance as he toured around England and Scotland, and was lionized as "the American woodsman". He raised enough money to begin publishing his

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He would point out the elegant movement of the birds, and the beauty and softness of their plumage. He called my attention to their show of pleasure or sense of danger, their perfect forms and splendid attire. He would speak of their departure and return with the

528:, Pennsylvania, and took her the next day to Kentucky. The two shared many common interests, and began to explore the natural world around them. Though their finances were tenuous, the Audubons started a family. They had two sons, Victor Gifford (1809–1860) and 1327: 446:

in Philadelphia. Peale's bird exhibits were considered scientifically advanced. Audubon's room was brimming with birds' eggs, stuffed raccoons and opossums, fish, snakes, and other creatures. He had become proficient at specimen preparation and taxidermy.

991:. A contemporary French critic wrote, "A magic power transported us into the forests which for so many years this man of genius has trod. Learned and ignorant alike were astonished at the spectacle ... It is a real and palpable vision of the New World." 591:, area. He and his small family took over an abandoned log cabin. In the fields and forests, Audubon wore typical frontier clothes and moccasins, having "a ball pouch, a buffalo horn filled with gunpowder, a butcher knife, and a tomahawk on his belt". 430:

Risking conscription in France, Audubon returned in 1805 to see his father and ask permission to marry. He also needed to discuss family business plans. While there, he met the naturalist and physician Charles-Marie D'Orbigny, who improved Audubon's

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about changing their name to distance themselves from Audubon's legacy of enslavement. Several local chapters, including Seattle, Chicago, and New York City, have changed their names, while the board of the national body voted against doing so in

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by James Kallembach was premiered on November 9, 2018, in Boston, Massachusetts by Chorus pro Musica. The work depicts scenes of Audubon's life and descriptions of the birds he drew with text drawn from the 2004 biography by Richard Rhodes.

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His father hoped that the lead mines on the property could be commercially developed, as lead was an essential component of bullets. This could provide his son with a profitable occupation. At Mill Grove, Audubon met the owner of the nearby

722:, greatly esteemed by country folk before photography. He wrote, "y heart was sorely heavy, for scarcely had I enough to keep my dear ones alive; and yet through these dark days I was being led to the development of the talents I loved." 253:, meaning she was three-quarters European in ancestry). Following Jeanne Rabin's death, Audubon renewed his relationship with Sanitte Bouffard and had a daughter by her, named Muguet. Bouffard also took care of the infant boy Jean. 869:, on July 27, 1824. However, he failed to gather enough support, and his nomination was rejected by vote on August 31, 1824; around the same time accusations of scientific misconduct were levied by Alexander Lawson and others. 1111:

had lost some subscribers due to the uneven quality of coloring of the plates. Others were in arrears in their payments. His engraver fixed the plates and Audubon reassured subscribers, but a few begged off. He responded, "

797:, where he taught drawing to Eliza Pirrie, the young daughter of the owners. Though low-paying, the job was ideal, as it afforded him much time to roam and paint in the woods. (The plantation has been preserved as the 492:) has not been replicated by modern studies with much larger sample sizes (e.g., 1.6% rate among 549 nestlings banded; and 1.3% rate among 217 nestlings banded). These facts cast doubt on the truth of Audubon's story. 268:, to diversify his investments. Increasing tension in Saint-Domingue between the colonists and slaves, who greatly outnumbered them, convinced the senior Audubon to return to France, where he became a member of the 301:

From his earliest days, the younger Audubon had an affinity for birds. "I felt an intimacy with them...bordering on frenzy must accompany my steps through life." His father encouraged his interest in nature:

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Norman, Ana. "What are the differences between an Audubon Havell engraving and Bien Lithograph? How to differentiate between the two Double-Elephant folio Editions" Joel Oppenheimer Gallery, JUNE 20, 2023.

3611: 1304:, who supplied much of the scientific text. His son, John Woodhouse Audubon, drew most of the plates. The work was completed by Audubon's sons, and the second volume was published posthumously in 1851. 383:

women who nursed Audubon to recovery and taught him English. He traveled with the family's Quaker lawyer to the Audubon family farm at Mill Grove. The 284-acre (115 ha) homestead is located on the

2166:(The European Journals 1826–1829, the Labrador Journal 1833, the Missouri River Journals 1843), edited by Maria Audubon, volumes 1 and 2, originally published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 1897 (in 766:

the violin. Audubon reportedly took revenge by showing drawings and describing some fictitious fishes and rodents to Rafinesque; Rafinesque gave scientific names to some of these fishes in his

718:, founded a flour mill, and enjoyed his growing family. After 1819, Audubon went bankrupt and was thrown into jail for debt. The little money he earned was from drawing portraits, particularly 1019:. Lucy Audubon sold them to the society after her husband's death. All but 80 of the original copper plates were melted down when Lucy Audubon, desperate for money, sold them for scrap to the 396:

wrote down as, "The nature of the place—whether high or low, moist or dry, whether sloping north or south, or bearing tall trees or low shrubs—generally gives hint as to its inhabitants."

348:. 18-year-old Jean-Jacques boarded ship, anglicizing his name to John James Audubon. Jean Audubon and Claude Rozier arranged a business partnership for their sons John James Audubon and 532:(1812–1862), and two daughters who died while still young, Lucy at two years (1815–1817) and Rose at nine months (1819–1820). Both sons eventually helped publish their father's works. 6623: 4223: 470:), in a small grotto on the property of Mill Grove. To determine whether the other phoebes on the property were "descended from the same stock", Audubon (1834:126) said that he tied 7262: 1435:

and also in later works. Despite some errors in field observations, he made a significant contribution to the understanding of bird anatomy and behavior through his field notes.

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Audubon made some excursions out West where he hoped to record Western species he had missed, but his health began to fail. In 1848, he manifested signs of senility or possibly

1196:, on their barge. Just as he was about to board a Charleston-bound stage coach, he remembered William Gaston, a Savannah resident who had once befriended him. Audubon stayed at 580:. Soon he was drawing bird specimens again. He regularly burned his earlier efforts to force continuous improvement. He also took detailed field notes to document his drawings. 450:

Deeming the mining venture too risky, with his father's approval Audubon sold part of the Mill Grove farm, including the house and mine, and retaining some land for investment.

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He frequently turned to hunting and fishing to feed his family, as business was slow. On a prospecting trip down the Ohio River with a load of goods, Audubon joined up with

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in the 1860s when Audubon's widow began selling off parcels of the estate for the development of free-standing single family homes.) Between 1840 and 1844, he published an

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paper size, it is often regarded as the greatest picture book ever produced and the finest aquatint work. By the 1830s the aquatint process had been largely superseded by

1387:) before pretending not to know its collector, who was one of his subscribers. He failed to credit work by Joseph Mason, prompting a series of articles in 1835 by critic 830:, during January–March 1823, they resolved to travel together as perambulating portrait-artists.) During this period (1822–1823), Audubon also worked as an instructor at 8026: 6722: 5328: 8067: 6064: 610:. The Audubon family owned several slaves while he was in Henderson, until they needed money at which point they were sold. Audubon was condemned contemporaneously by 8118: 5037: 1425:

Audubon's influence on ornithology and natural history was far reaching. Nearly all later ornithological works were inspired by his artistry and high standards.

197:(1827–1839), is considered one of the finest ornithological works ever completed. Audubon is also known for identifying 25 new species. He is the eponym of the 8981: 6616: 5214: 1076:

became very popular during Europe's Romantic era. Audubon's dramatic portraits of birds appealed to people in this period's fascination with natural history.

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Norman, Ana. "A Guide to the Watermarks and Paper Types Found in Audubon’s Havell edition of The Birds of America" Joel Oppenheimer Gallery, MAY 26, 2023.

1399:. Similar to early biographies of Meinertzhagen, Audubon's scientific misconduct has been repeatedly ignored and/or played down by biographers, who defend 587:

ordered an embargo on British trade in 1808, hurting Audubon's trading business. In 1810, Audubon moved his business further west to the less competitive

8976: 8162: 8961: 8881: 8108: 8005: 7210: 5256: 3945:"Audubon's diary transcripts were doctored to support his false claim of personally discovering Lincoln's Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii (Audubon, 1834)" 8956: 7866: 7478: 6609: 3512: 8280: 7689: 7431: 7426: 1999: 854: 1351: 8771: 8660: 5699: 3722: 786: 8971: 8098: 8062: 6937: 6057: 5031: 4280: 1889: 483:

fixed a light silver thread to the leg of each, loose enough not to hurt the part, but so fastened that no exertions of theirs could remove it.

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hunting parties, learning their methods, drawing specimens by the bonfire, and finally parting "like brethren". Audubon had great respect for

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Audubon worked for a brief time as the first paid employee of the Western History Society, now known as The Museum of Natural History at The

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Norman, Ana. "Audubon Collecting Guide: An Overview of the Antique Original Editions of Audubon’s Birds of America" Joel Oppenheimer, Inc.

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Audubon painted some of his works while staying at the Key West house and gardens of Capt. John H. Geiger. This site was preserved as the

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children (among them a daughter named Marie-Madeleine), some by his mixed-race housekeeper, Catherine "Sanitte" Bouffard (described as a

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Audubon resumed his bird studies and created his own nature museum, perhaps inspired by the great museum of natural history created by

1754:, connecting Pointe Coupee and West Feliciana Parishes; over thirty of Audubon's bird paintings were created in West Feliciana Parish. 524:

In 1808, Audubon moved to Kentucky, which was rapidly being settled. Six months later, he married Lucy Bakewell at her family estate,

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will then raise in value as much as they are now depreciated by certain fools and envious persons." He was elected a Fellow of the

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observations and drawings, plus his single-handed management and promotion of the project to make it a success. A reviewer wrote,

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With his wife's support, in 1826 at age 41, Audubon took his growing collection of work to England. He sailed from New Orleans to

8886: 5272: 1138:. The two books were printed separately to avoid a British law requiring copies of all publications with text to be deposited in 971:

Colorists applied each color in assembly-line fashion (over fifty were hired for the work). The original edition was engraved in

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which is estimated at 7.8. Audubon writes that while on horseback, he first believed the distant rumbling to be the sound of a

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https://www.audubonart.com/a-guide-to-the-watermarks-and-paper-types-found-in-audubons-havell-edition-of-the-birds-of-america/

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In 1803, his father obtained a false passport so that Jean-Jacques could go to the United States to avoid conscription in the

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Norman, Ana. "Audubon’s Miniature Folio – The Octavo Edition of Birds of America" Joel Oppenheimer Gallery, JUNE 21, 2023.

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was incorporated and named in his honor. Its mission "is to conserve and restore natural ecosystems, focusing on birds ..."

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and its aftermath, Audubon grew up to be a handsome and gregarious man. He played flute and violin, and learned to ride,

5331:, 1844–1963, AIS.1971.14, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh. Includes Audubon-Bakewell family materials. 5300: 5281: 4939: 1042:

to seek subscribers for the book, Audubon gave a demonstration of his method of supporting birds with wire at professor

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is still considered one of the greatest examples of book art. Audubon discovered 25 new species and 12 new subspecies.

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In 1833, Audubon sailed north from Maine, accompanied by his son John, and five other young colleagues, to explore the

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recognized Audubon's achievement by electing him as a fellow. He was the second American to be elected after statesman

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In 1824, Audubon returned to Philadelphia to seek a publisher for his bird drawings. He took oil painting lessons from

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20C History Project produced a documentary, "John James Audubon: The Birds of America", now widely available online.

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He was honored in 1940 by the US Post Office with a 1 cent Famous Americans Series postage stamp; the stamp is green.

1047: 9006: 8896: 8876: 8861: 6073: 5868: 5689: 1860: 1314: 755: 660: 4374: 8986: 8921: 6031: 6010: 4813: 2667: 1715:, also has the Audubon Bird Sanctuary. Most of the streets in this small town are named after birds that he drew. 1027: 831: 5344: 3170:"Pranked by Audubon: Constantine S. Rafinesque's description of John James Audubon's imaginary Kentucky mammals" 1651: 1620:

explores a mysterious death that took place on a Louisiana plantation when Audubon worked there as a young man.

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He noted that as the earthquake retreated, "the air was filled with an extremely disagreeable sulphurous odor."

8991: 8931: 8901: 6754: 5933: 5065:"Hiding in Plain Sight: New Evidence about the Birth, Identity, and Strategic Pseudonyms of John James Audubon" 4131:"Hiding in Plain Sight: New Evidence About the Birth, Identity, and Strategic Pseudonyms of John James Audubon" 1995: 1570: 1120: 758:. Though he could not afford to buy Wilson's work, Audubon used it to guide him when he had access to a copy. 6220: 5670: 5383: 5187: 3271: 1775: 1470: 1282: 762: 17: 5032:

https://www.audubonart.com/what-are-the-differences-between-an-audubon-havell-engraving-and-bien-lithograph/

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struck. When Audubon reached his house, he was relieved to find no major damage, but the area was shaken by

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series aired an episode titled "John James Audubon: Drawn from Nature", Supplemental material is available

1499: 1142:, a huge financial burden for the self-published Audubon. Both books were published between 1827 and 1839. 715: 435:

skills and taught him scientific methods of research. Although his return ship was overtaken by an English

3508: 2907: 1732:, a family of museums, parks, and other organizations in New Orleans, eight of which bear the Audubon name 710:. He formed a partnership with Lucy's brother and built up their trade in Henderson. Between 1812 and the 8846: 8524: 7715: 7288: 7205: 5741: 5554: 5323: 5191: 3717: 2230: 2162: 1012: 806: 798: 794: 790: 4817: 911: 8911: 8812: 7794: 7483: 7231: 6355: 6020: 5711: 5334: 4991: 2442: 2303: 1983: 1444: 1301: 1173: 4839: 1058:. Audubon was also successful in France, gaining the King and several of the nobility as subscribers. 686: 205:. Dozens of scientific names first published by Audubon are still in use by the scientific community. 8817: 8706: 6295: 6290: 5765: 5746: 5655: 2389: 1939: 1905: 1869: 1696: 858: 5353: 3888: 2811: 1200:, and the next day sought out and found the acquaintance, "who showed but little enthusiasm for his 923: 8802: 6480: 6170: 5775: 5376: 5304: 3987:

MARKLE, DOUGLAS F. (October 1, 1997). "Audubon's hoax: Ohio River fishes described by Rafinesque".

2241: 2236: 2192: 1969:

Audubon Street, home to the Audubon Arts District and The Audubon New Haven apartment building, in

1864: 1729: 1706: 1489: 1431: 850: 747: 549: 198: 3003:(unreadable). Signed Ferdinand Rozier (signature torn off), Witnessed: John Lecite, John McAuthur" 1586: 994: 8634: 8331: 8239: 8157: 7949: 7784: 7648: 7530: 7525: 7148: 6632: 6601: 6560: 6300: 6175: 5916: 5608: 5465: 2274:. Judge, Harry George., Toyne, Anthony. Oxford : Oxford University Press. 1985–1993. p. 26. 1955: 1855: 1723: 1636: 1274: 894: 835: 269: 3586: 1395:

The litany of misconduct in Audubon's scientific career has drawn comparisons to others such as

1030:

was among the avid fans of Audubon and subscribed to support publication of the book. Britain's

7356: 7283: 7153: 6545: 6475: 6390: 6006: 5858: 5806: 5723: 5218: 5100:

Last Stand: George Bird Grinnell, the Battle to Save the Buffalo, and the Birth of the New West

4675: 1970: 1873: 1769: 1735: 1503: 1266: 1165: 951: 656: 533: 529: 4650: 3768: 3762: 1134:. This was a collection of life histories of each species written with Scottish ornithologist 572:; the city had an increasingly important slave market and was the most important port between 8906: 8555: 7954: 6738: 6495: 6465: 6195: 6155: 6130: 6042: 5883: 5787: 5782: 5718: 5645: 2220: 2215: 2033: 1898: 1825: 1712: 1459: 1396: 1376: 1220: 751: 545: 443: 420: 356: 349: 137: 3272:"Lost Tales of American Ornithology: Reuben Haines and the Canada Geese of Wyck (1818–1828)" 1632:, which stars Alan Ladd as James Bowie. The film imagines a friendship between the two men. 1589:, with his wife Rosemary Benét, included a poem about Audubon in the children's poetry book 9016: 9011: 8730: 7928: 7669: 7633: 7628: 7452: 7447: 6786: 6525: 6435: 6415: 6360: 6250: 5863: 5816: 5583: 5472: 5250:, a complete high resolution digitization of all 435 double elephant folios as well as his 5044:

https://www.audubonart.com/audubons-miniature-folio-the-octavo-edition-of-birds-of-america/

4179: 2063: 2048: 1975: 1829: 1746: 1739: 1135: 938: 880: 827: 814: 699:, he took to the field again, determined to re-do his drawings to an even higher standard. 565: 333: 275: 193: 1145:

During the 1830s, Audubon continued making expeditions in North America. During a trip to

8: 8362: 8316: 7561: 6969: 6540: 6510: 6420: 6395: 6335: 6275: 6225: 6210: 5911: 5416: 4953: 4880: 3736: 3657:"Dedication ceremonies for Bulow Plantation Ruins Historic State Park – Bunnell, Florida" 2976: 2853: 1935: 1788: 1779: 1702: 1474: 1342: 1139: 588: 557: 257: 3433:"Audubon's Bird of Washington: unravelling the fraud that launched The birds of America" 3336:"Audubon's Bird of Washington: unravelling the fraud that launched The birds of America" 3136:

Markle, Douglas F. (1997). "Audubon's hoax: Ohio River fishes described by Rafinesque".

1557: 1462:, is open to the public and contains a museum presenting all his major works, including 379:

upon arrival in New York City. The ship's captain placed him in a boarding house run by

8193: 8177: 7789: 7664: 7582: 7556: 7109: 7099: 7078: 7073: 7026: 6802: 6683: 6470: 6270: 6125: 5940: 5848: 5794: 5682: 5431: 5339: 5024: 4960: 4160: 4111: 4068: 3966: 3866: 3192: 2436: 2297: 1765: 1617: 1582: 1388: 1197: 943: 802: 789:, a professional Swiss landscape artist. The following summer, he moved upriver to the 548:

moved their merchant business partnership west at various stages, ending ultimately in

500: 5758: 5139:

Audubon: Beyond Birds: Plant Portraits and Conservation Heritage of John James Audubon

4869: 4409: 3041: 1709:, both in New Jersey. Many streets in Audubon Park are named after birds drawn by him. 1544: 8751: 8665: 8619: 8437: 8290: 8103: 8041: 7985: 7856: 7835: 7799: 7618: 7047: 6530: 6485: 6320: 6310: 6255: 6240: 6205: 6090: 6016: 5603: 5497: 5477: 5450: 5200: 5170: 5156: 5142: 5128: 5117: 5103: 5086: 5053: 5010: 4920: 4885: 4855: 4550: 4497: 4491: 4470: 4464: 4443: 4416: 4380: 4348:"Seattle Audubon no longer wants to be named after racist who left 'shameful legacy'" 4322: 4288: 4164: 4152: 4103: 4027: 4004: 3970: 3918: 3858: 3772: 3701: 3357: 3301:

History of the rise and progress of the arts of design in the United States, Volume 2

2873: 2752: 2550: 2476: 2466: 2426: 2371: 2285: 2275: 2151: 2134: 2120: 2102: 1964: 1949: 1836: 1818: 1628: 1604:. Audubon and his wife, Lucy, are the chief characters in the "June" section of the 1534:

Audubon's life and contributions to science and art was the subject of the 2017 film

1338: 1193: 1066: 1035: 916: 862: 719: 696: 553: 312: 234: 201:, and his name adorns a large number of towns, neighborhoods, and streets across the 3196: 2783:

Halley, Matthew R. (2018). "Audubon's famous banding experiment: fact or fiction?".

1520:

auction for $ 11.5 million, the second highest price for a single printed book.

1237:, Audubon returned to the United States with his family. He bought an estate on the 967:

disappointed; he had secured a commanding place in the respect and gratitude of men.

8807: 8670: 8427: 8407: 8295: 8229: 8046: 7840: 7720: 7566: 7382: 7346: 7000: 6370: 6325: 6260: 6190: 6105: 5890: 5838: 5823: 5628: 5522: 5310: 5260: 5238: 5209: 5076: 4973: 4917:

Southern Life in Southern Literature; selections of representative prose and poetry

4600: 4142: 4095: 4060: 3996: 3956: 3850: 3738:

The Birds of America: From Drawings Made in the United States and their Territories

3444: 3347: 3184: 3145: 2865: 2792: 2246: 1929: 1893: 1883: 1658: 1647: 1601: 1380: 885: 584: 272:. In 1788 he arranged for Jean and in 1791 for Muguet to be transported to France. 242: 8422: 4797: 4437: 3656: 1054:

was in the audience. Audubon also visited the dissecting theatre of the anatomist

750:. He then traveled south on the Mississippi with his gun, paintbox, and assistant 279: 8725: 8575: 8483: 8275: 8072: 8000: 7871: 7830: 7820: 7735: 7730: 7684: 7643: 7499: 7330: 6662: 6590: 6585: 6570: 6505: 6455: 6440: 6350: 6330: 6165: 6150: 6115: 5962: 5638: 5549: 5527: 5517: 5460: 5399: 5356:. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University. 5285: 4956: 4943: 4927: 4862: 4544: 3961: 3944: 3516: 3449: 3432: 3352: 3335: 2147: 1784: 1623: 1448: 1185: 984: 614:. Audubon was dismissive of abolitionists in both the US and the United Kingdom. 385: 345: 184: 180: 8797: 5196: 5130:

Life of Audubon, the naturalist of the New World, His Adventures and Discoveries

2909:

Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862

8766: 8761: 8701: 8639: 8529: 8504: 8468: 8432: 8412: 8285: 8234: 8203: 7933: 7705: 7679: 7597: 7509: 7325: 7226: 7052: 6921: 6834: 6580: 6575: 6535: 6500: 6445: 6400: 6315: 6235: 6230: 6160: 6145: 5972: 5770: 5753: 5623: 5613: 5537: 5532: 5502: 3672:

Ease and Elegance, Madeira and Murder: The Social Life of Savannah's City Hotel

2196: 1915: 1909: 1841: 1605: 1561:

Audubon discovers that his work has been eaten by a rat, in a Japanese woodcut

1535: 1426: 1392:

version that realigned the "primary" record with some of his false narratives.

1177: 1051: 1043: 947: 463: 218: 79: 5007:

Audubon: America's Greatest Naturalist and His Voyage of Discovery to Labrador

4570: 4000: 3805: 3149: 1681: 8840: 8792: 8776: 8756: 8746: 8711: 8680: 8519: 8473: 8372: 8213: 8198: 8172: 8082: 7980: 7887: 7861: 7825: 7779: 7710: 7638: 7602: 7592: 7473: 7457: 7377: 7351: 7309: 7304: 7252: 7083: 7031: 6905: 6866: 6678: 6425: 6385: 6375: 6345: 6340: 6285: 6245: 6215: 6100: 5955: 5950: 5878: 5843: 5828: 5706: 5694: 5633: 5512: 5278: 5090: 4936: 4326: 4292: 4156: 4107: 4008: 3917:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society. 3862: 3361: 2877: 2869: 2480: 2078: 1945:

Audubon Golf Trail – a collection of golf courses spread throughout Louisiana

1920: 1845: 1528: 1506: 1452: 1154: 1031: 976: 928: 866: 711: 655:

for months. The quake is estimated to have ranked from 8.4 to 8.8 on today's

561: 517: 471: 338: 202: 98: 8509: 4281:"New York City Audubon changes name to distance itself from racist namesake" 3544: 2289: 1084: 629:

In witness thereof I have set my hand and seal this Sixth day of April 1811

8685: 8675: 8644: 8624: 8570: 8565: 8499: 8478: 8453: 8386: 8341: 8336: 8244: 8167: 8077: 8036: 7990: 7959: 7897: 7892: 7725: 7587: 7257: 7236: 7104: 6995: 6953: 6818: 6770: 6565: 6550: 6520: 6490: 6450: 6430: 6410: 6405: 6280: 6200: 6180: 6135: 6120: 5928: 5660: 5650: 5596: 5591: 5438: 5153:

Under a Wild Sky: John James Audubon and the Making of The Birds of America

4086:

DALLETT, FRANCIS JAMES (1959). "Citizen Audubon: A Documentary Discovery".

2018: 2003: 1719: 1517: 1297: 1238: 1189: 1020: 980: 846: 739: 611: 607: 599: 389: 376: 265: 3188: 2796: 2460: 1787:, also in Kentucky, is a limited-access highway connecting Henderson with 1061: 621:

The terms of the dissolution of the partnership include those by Audubon:

508: 43: 8720: 8716: 8629: 8539: 8534: 8458: 8417: 8391: 8381: 8367: 8270: 8254: 8113: 7918: 7902: 7551: 7504: 7278: 7200: 7179: 7158: 7021: 7005: 6979: 6850: 6555: 6460: 6380: 6140: 6095: 5833: 5618: 5568: 5489: 1886:. The streets are named after birds, such as Falcon Drive and Raven Road. 1832:, which runs through the Audubon Circle, was formerly named Audubon Road. 1208: 1055: 1008: 999: 988: 823: 774: 707: 703: 652: 577: 408: 238: 229:. He was the son of Lieutenant Jean Audubon, a French naval officer (and 188: 4924: 4859: 4601:"Dauphin Island Park and Beach Audubon Bird Sanctuary on Dauphin Island" 4115: 2972:

The largest Audubon group yet is changing its name, rebuking an enslaver

2854:"Natal philopatry in passerine birds: genetic or ecological influences?" 1096: 8560: 8514: 8463: 8311: 8249: 8208: 8010: 7995: 7923: 7774: 6974: 6515: 6305: 6185: 6085: 4986:. Vol. 1. Boston: American Biographical Society. pp. 163–164. 4889: 4072: 4048: 3870: 3838: 3511:, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, press release, February 1, 2007 3102: 2172: 1562: 1478: 1372: 1241:

in northern Manhattan. (The roughly 20-acre estate came to be known as

573: 569: 489: 261: 246: 5266: 2671: 1806: 1411: 954:'s second expedition across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. 291: 283: 8580: 8377: 8321: 7535: 6365: 5426: 4796:

British Ornithologists' Club.; Club, British Ornithologists' (2016).

4795: 4099: 3741:. New York: J.B. Chevalier – via Biodiversity Heritage Library. 1877: 1482: 1278: 1089: 1039: 901: 436: 432: 230: 214: 75: 49: 5359: 4064: 3854: 3397:

John Kirk Townsend: Collector of Audubon's Western Birds and Mammals

2317: 163: 8326: 7674: 7057: 6265: 5853: 5665: 5227: 5223: 5137:

Small, E., Catling, Paul M., Cayouette, J., and Brookes, B (2009).

5050:

Audubon's Aviary: The Original Watercolors for The Birds of America

4700: 4625: 1994:

Some of Audubon's bird specimens survive in the collections of the

1924: 1262: 1223:. There Audubon and his assistants documented 36 species of birds. 1212: 1146: 983:

were deemed inadequate. Known as the Double Elephant folio for its

979:

Jr., who took over the task after the first ten plates engraved by

972: 730: 327: 250: 6631: 5368: 5081: 5064: 4721: 4147: 4130: 2828:"Collection: John James Audubon letters and drawings | HOLLIS for" 2454: 2452: 2168: 237:, and his mistress, Jeanne Rabine, a 27-year-old chambermaid from 4518:"John James Audubon ~ Drawn from Nature | American Masters | PBS" 3683:

Tuck, Leslie. Montevecchi, William. Nuttall Ornithological Club.

2395:, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004, p. 4, accessed April 26, 2011. 1685: 1318: 782: 778: 664: 595: 525: 416: 316: 7372: 2852:

Weatherhead, Patrick J.; Forbes, Mark R. L. (December 1, 1994).

2002:, Philadelphia, and there are 5 specimens in the collections of 399: 2449: 1810: 1795: 1524: 1289: 1246: 479: 380: 295: 6072: 5301:

John James Audubon and Audubon family letters, (ca. 1783–1845)

3889:"Minutes from the Stated Meeting, September 18 [1840]" 5095:

Discusses the series of names assigned to Audubon as a youth.

4315:"Is Social Justice for the Birds? Audubon Attempts an Answer" 2816:. Vol. 2. Edinburgh, Scotland: Adam & Charles Black. 1799: 222: 4867: 1657:

Audubon appears in the short story "Audubon In Atlantis" by

1596:

Audubon's 1833 trip to Labrador is the subject of the novel

439:, Audubon and his hidden gold coins survived the encounter. 5052:. New York: Skira/Rizzoli and New-York Historical Society. 4812: 4746: 4255:"John James Audubon's birthday celebrated by Google doodle" 2370:. Los Altos, California: William Kaufmann, Inc., 1981: 26. 536:

became a naturalist, writer, and painter in his own right.

179:, April 26, 1785 – January 27, 1851) was a French-American 5243: 2930: 2928: 453: 4224:"Bay Psalm Book fetches $ 14.2 million in record auction" 3424: 3015:

History of the Early Settlement of the Mississippi Valley

2912:. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1863. p. 672. 1824:

Audubon Circle, a major intersection and neighborhood in

1643: 5335:

John James Audubon Collection at the Library of Congress

5273:"Louise Hauss and David Brent Miller Audubon Collection" 2515:, The Natural History Press, Garden City, NY: 1969, p. 4 1192:

was under construction, transported Audubon upstream to

1176:. A gale forced the vessel to berth at the mouth of the 785:

in search of ornithological specimens. He traveled with

647:

Audubon was working in Missouri and out riding when the

4950:

Aububon the naturalist: A History of his Life and Time.

2993:. Appleton and Company, New York, London, 1917, p. 359. 2989:

Agreement from Francis Hobart Herrick, Ph.D., Sc.D.D.,

2925: 2343:"Avibase advanced search: [Author = "Audubon"]" 4802:. Vol. 136. London: British Ornithologists' Club. 3382: 3380: 2991:

Audubon the Naturalist: A History of His Life and Time

2146:(Richard Rhodes, Scott V. Edwards, Leslie A. Morris) ( 2116: 1527:

celebrated his 226th birthday by displaying a special

5275:, Jule Collins Smith Museum of Art, Auburn University 5126: 3685:

Newfoundland Birds, Exploitation, Study, Conservation

2532: 2530: 1577:

Audubon is the subject of the 1969 book-length poem,

1011:

art collection, and is not frequently displayed. The

560:. Shipping goods ahead, Audubon and Rozier started a 8952:

Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

5297:, podcast from the Beinecke Library, Yale University 5025:

https://www.audubonart.com/audubon-collecting-guide/

3303:. New York, NY: George P. Scott & Co., New York. 3103:"An exhibition opening for In the Audubon Tradition" 2596: 2594: 2412: 2410: 1778:

and the Audubon Museum (located within the park) in

1718:

Audubon Middle School (formerly Junior High) in the

3377: 2191:is used to indicate this person as the author when 2101:(Ben Forkner, ed.) (Penguin Nature Classics, 1996) 1942:, and many primary schools around the United States 583:Due to rising tensions with the British, President 322: 256:The senior Audubon had commanded ships. During the 5362:. Online gallery of John James Audubon art prints. 4852:Audubon; An Intimate Life of the American Woodsman 4408: 4372: 3135: 2568:Audubon" An Intimate Life of the American Woodsman 2527: 1821:between Couëron and St Etienne de Mont-luc, France 1543:Since 2022, the National Audubon Society has been 1296:(1845–1849) in collaboration with his good friend 552:, a former French colonial settlement west of the 427:recovered at Fatland Ford, with Lucy at his side. 3893:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 3719:Audubon Park Historic District Designation Report 3242: 3233: 2851: 2642:Between the Gabouri, History of the Rozier Family 2591: 2465:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 2407: 1761:was originally named the Audubon Memorial Bridge. 1015:holds all 435 of the preparatory watercolors for 8838: 5167:Audubon: Life and Art in the American Wilderness 4896:Audubon in Edinburgh and his Scottish Associates 4772:"Bird skin collections | Natural History Museum" 3839:"John James Audubon and Campephilus Principalis" 2547:Audubon: Life and Art in the American Wilderness 1699:in New Orleans, where he lived beginning in 1821 1157:. The plantation site is preserved today as the 3723:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 3226: 3224: 2133:(Richard Rhodes, ed.) (Everyman Library, 2006) 2081:. NML-VZ D2949 collected by John James Audubon. 2066:. NML-VZ D2124 collected by John James Audubon. 2051:. NML-VZ D2109 collected by John James Audubon. 2036:. NML-VZ D3904 collected by John James Aubudon. 2021:. NML-VZ T8161 collected by John James Aububon. 1403:as a "valuable resource and a very good read". 801:, and is located at 11788 Highway 965, between 5350:at the Cleveland Public Library Art Collection 5340:Identification guide to Audubon print editions 4898:. NMS Publishing, Edinburgh, 978 1 901663 79 2 4871:The Life of John James Audubon, the Naturalist 3558:. Los Angeles, California: Getty Publications. 3535: 3533: 1890:Wildcat Glades Conservation and Audubon Center 1815:Lycée Jean-Jacques Audubon in Couëron, France. 1277:and Mausoleum at 155th Street and Broadway in 725: 706:upset Audubon's plans to move his business to 643:John James Audubon house, Henderson, Kentucky. 478:I took the whole family out, and blew off the 8982:Members of the American Philosophical Society 6617: 6058: 5384: 5114:John James Audubon: The Making of an American 5069:Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 4571:"Audubon: An American Adventure Takes Flight" 4135:Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 3167: 3043:The Life of John James Audubon the Naturalist 2392:John James Audubon: The Making of an American 2226:Audubon Park Historic District, New York City 1752:John James Audubon Bridge (Mississippi River) 1742:, is in the area of his former general store. 1552: 1151:The Life of John James Audubon The Naturalist 5313:online at the Biodiversity Heritage Library. 5009:. San Francisco, California: Ashbryn Press. 4799:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3949:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3802:"What is the Heritage Rose District of NYC?" 3734: 3437:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3340:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3221: 1676: 516:by Audubon of a Carolina pigeon (now called 5922:Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom 4905:. Garden City NY: The Natural History Press 4676:"Garland Texas – Audubon Recreation Center" 3530: 3035: 3033: 2647: 1989: 1371:has been marred by numerous accusations of 855:Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 773:On October 12, 1820, Audubon traveled into 714:, times were good. Audubon bought land and 690:A cinnamon bear by J.T. Bowen after Audubon 539: 419:estate, William Bakewell, and his daughter 8977:Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees 6624: 6610: 6065: 6051: 5391: 5377: 5239:John James Audubon at American Art Gallery 4934:John James Audubon and English Perspective 4868:Audubon, Lucy Green Bakewell, ed. (1870). 4542: 4088:The Princeton University Library Chronicle 3760: 3659:, Florida Memory, accessed March 14, 2015. 3006: 2634: 1294:The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America 1159:Bulow Plantation Ruins Historic State Park 42: 8962:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 8882:Writers who illustrated their own writing 5080: 4376:The Collected Works of Robert Penn Warren 4252: 4221: 4146: 4049:"Audubon, Joseph R. Mason, and John Neal" 3960: 3652: 3650: 3448: 3351: 3039: 2091: 1882:Audubon Park, a park and neighborhood in 1164:In March 1832, Audubon booked passage at 27:French-American ornithologist (1785–1851) 8957:Fellows of the Linnean Society of London 5573:Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes 5133:. Philadelphia: J.B.Lippincott & Co. 4884:. Boston: Small, Maynard & company. 4046: 3943:Halley, Matthew R. (September 6, 2022). 3915:The Life and Letters of Alexander Wilson 3030: 2385: 2383: 1948:John James Audubon Elementary School in 1680: 1626:plays Audubon in the 1952 American film 1556: 1410: 1362: 1095: 1083: 1060: 993: 922: 910: 884: 729: 685: 638: 507: 499: 398: 355: 326: 274: 4972: 4415:(Reprint ed.). Henry Holt and Co. 4312: 4278: 4206:"John James Audubon: Drawn from Nature" 4129:Olson, Roberta J. M. (September 2021). 4085: 3843:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 3836: 3667: 3665: 3592:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences 3587:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" 2809: 2493:Rhodes, John James Audubon (2004), p. 6 2458: 872: 681: 454:Banding experiment with eastern phoebes 282:, mansion owned by Audubon's father in 14: 8839: 4983:The Biographical Dictionary of America 4655:Metro Parks – Central Ohio Park System 4462: 4435: 4373:Robert Penn Warren (October 1, 1998). 4177: 3986: 3982: 3980: 3942: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3912: 3908: 3906: 3882: 3880: 3647: 3430: 3333: 3298: 3269: 3012: 2782: 2640:Sharpe, Mary Rozier and James, Louis, 618:and the balance to be paid over time. 495: 8972:French emigrants to the United States 8601: 8139: 7756: 7403: 7130: 6887: 6704: 6644: 6605: 6046: 5372: 5062: 5004: 4489: 4406: 4128: 4021: 3539:National Audubon Society Inc. (n.d.) 3412:, Edinburgh: W. and R. Chambers, 1846 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3294: 3292: 3265: 3263: 3163: 3161: 3159: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2380: 1567:Lives of Great People of the Occident 1182:United States Army Corps of Engineers 1117:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1048:Wernerian Natural History Association 241:, Brittany (now in the modern region 5206:Works by or about John James Audubon 4222:Van Biema, David (January 2, 2014). 3662: 3579: 3431:Halley, Matthew R. (June 22, 2020). 2746: 2099:Selected Journals and Other Writings 1477:, houses many of Audubon's original 1455:in recognition of his contributions. 1069:by John James Audubon. Plate CCCXXI. 5800:The Naturalist on the River Amazons 5398: 4952:D. Appleton and Company, New York. 4466:Big as Life: Three Tales for Spring 3977: 3931: 3903: 3886: 3877: 3046:. New York: G. P. Putnam & Son. 1954:Pascagoula River Audubon Center in 1661:, published in the 2010 collection 1610:Big as Life: Three Tales for Spring 1215:. On the return voyage, their ship 946:on his journey across America with 24: 9002:19th-century American male artists 8947:Burials at Trinity Church Cemetery 8867:19th-century American illustrators 4919:. Boston, New York : Ginn and Co. 4908:Ford, Alice (1964; revised 1988). 4874:. New York: G.P.Putnam & Sons. 4747:"John Audubon House & Gallery" 4212:, PBS. Retrieved February 7, 2009. 3767:. New York: Viking Press. p. 3725:(May 12, 2009), p. 3, paragraph 2. 3674:, Malcolm Bell, Jr. (1992), p. 558 3316: 3289: 3260: 3156: 2897:, PBS. Retrieved February 7, 2009. 2813:Ornithological Biography, volume 2 2765: 2740: 2570:(Pelican Publishing, 1937), p. 478 2233:, West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana 2210:Audubon House and Tropical Gardens 1759:Bi-State Vietnam Gold Star Bridges 1307: 1228:Audubon House and Tropical Gardens 311:In France during the years of the 25: 9028: 8927:American people of Breton descent 8917:American male non-fiction writers 8852:19th-century American naturalists 8630:Jean Henri Gaston Giraud (Mœbius) 5354:Victor Gifford Audubon Collection 5257:The John James Audubon Collection 5181: 4722:"Pascagoula River Audubon Center" 4313:McGrady, Clyde (August 7, 2023). 4178:Nobles, Gregory (July 31, 2020). 3735:Audubon, John James (1840–1844). 3687:, Harvard University Press, 1987. 2549:, Villard Books, New York, 1993, 127:Artist, naturalist, ornithologist 8857:19th-century American zoologists 6074:Hall of Fame for Great Americans 5990: 5231: 4966: 4948:Herrick, Francis Hobart (1917). 4806: 4789: 4764: 4739: 4714: 4693: 4668: 4643: 4618: 4593: 4584: 4563: 4536: 4510: 4483: 4456: 4429: 4400: 4366: 4340: 4306: 4272: 4246: 4215: 4199: 4190: 4180:"The Myth of John James Audubon" 4171: 4122: 4079: 4047:Richards, Irving T. (May 1934). 4040: 4015: 3837:Gardner, Albert TenEyck (1963). 3830: 3821: 3812: 3334:Halley, Matthew R. (June 2020). 2751:. W. H. Freeman; Third edition. 2404:Sometimes, it is written "Rabin" 2347:Avibase: The World Bird Database 2167: 2071: 2056: 2041: 2026: 2011: 1932:, in Chugach Mountains of Alaska 1861:Audubon National Wildlife Refuge 1768:, is associated with the nearby 1350: 1326: 1288:Audubon's final work dealt with 661:San Francisco earthquake of 1906 323:Immigration to the United States 286:, where young Audubon was raised 162: 8872:American botanical illustrators 6032:List of natural history dealers 5700:The Natural History of Selborne 5248:at the University of Pittsburgh 4850:Arthur, Stanley Clisby (1937). 4830: 4814:International Plant Names Index 4726:Pascagoula River Audubon Center 4407:Benét, Stephen Vincent (1987). 4279:Uteuova, Aliya (June 6, 2024). 4253:Ben Quinn (November 26, 2008). 3794: 3785: 3754: 3745: 3728: 3710: 3690: 3677: 3638: 3629: 3604: 3570: 3561: 3548: 3521: 3502: 3493: 3484: 3475: 3466: 3457: 3415: 3402: 3389: 3368: 3307: 3251: 3212: 3203: 3129: 3120: 3095: 3086: 3077: 3068: 3059: 3050: 3021: 2996: 2983: 2964: 2955: 2946: 2937: 2916: 2900: 2884: 2845: 2820: 2803: 2731: 2722: 2713: 2704: 2695: 2686: 2660: 2621: 2612: 2603: 2582: 2573: 2560: 2539: 2524:Rhodes, JJ Audubon (2004), p. 6 2518: 2505: 2496: 2487: 2462:Lucy Audubon : a biography 2368:The Almanac of American Letters 2272:Oxford illustrated encyclopedia 1982:park along the Ashley River in 1980:Magnolia Plantation and Gardens 1512:On December 6, 2010, a copy of 1079: 812:Audubon called his future work 659:of severity, stronger than the 146: 8887:19th-century American painters 5934:Adaptive Coloration in Animals 5141:. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 5127:St. John, Mrs. Horace (1884). 4912:. University of Oklahoma Press 4496:. New York: Houghton Mifflin. 3509:"John James Audubon Chronicle" 2974:", published July 28, 2022 in 2832:hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu 2419: 2398: 2360: 2335: 2310: 2264: 2006:, National Museums Liverpool. 1996:Natural History Museum, London 1835:John James Audubon Parkway in 1571:Japanese Ministry of Education 1429:quoted Audubon three times in 1357:Detail from the adjacent image 1121:American Philosophical Society 474:to the legs of five nestlings: 13: 1: 8892:19th-century American writers 8602: 8140: 7757: 7404: 7131: 6888: 6705: 6645: 5279:John James Audubon State Park 5165:Streshinsky, Shirley (1993). 5116:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 4996:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 4605:Dauphin Island Park and Beach 2891:"John James Audubon Timeline" 2252: 1923:(13229 ft/4032 m), 1914:Audubon Recreation Center in 1872:, a park and neighborhood in 1776:John James Audubon State Park 1471:John James Audubon State Park 1416: 1283:Heritage Rose District of NYC 1233:In 1841, having finished the 1219:made a stop at St. George's, 1101: 365: 208: 8967:Fellows of the Royal Society 5063:Olson, Roberta J.M. (2021). 5048:Olson, Roberta J.M. (2012). 4932:Jackson E Christine (2013). 4490:Brown, John Gregory (2001). 4442:. New York: Overlook Press. 3962:10.25226/bboc.v142i3.2022.a6 3450:10.25226/bboc.v140i2.2020.a3 3353:10.25226/bboc.v140i2.2020.a3 2810:Audubon, John James (1834). 2459:DeLatte, Carolyn E. (2008). 2257: 1805:Rue Jean-Jacques Audubon in 1794:Rue Jean-Jacques Audubon in 1500:United States Postal Service 1458:The homestead Mill Grove in 1385:Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi 1007:painting is now held in the 290:The children were raised in 7: 5690:Bernard Germain de Lacépède 5324:New York Historical Society 5230:(public domain audiobooks) 5224:Works by John James Audubon 5215:Works by John James Audubon 5197:Works by John James Audubon 5192:New York Historical Society 5169:. New York: Villard Books, 4942:September 22, 2013, at the 4915:Fulton, Maurice G. (1917). 4845:The Popular Science Monthly 4022:Fries, Waldemar H. (2006). 3989:Archives of Natural History 3270:Halley, Matthew R. (2018). 3177:Archives of Natural History 3138:Archives of Natural History 2785:Archives of Natural History 2618:Streshinsky 1993, pp. 16–17 2428:The Popular science monthly 2231:Audubon State Historic Site 2203: 2150:and Houghton Library 2008) 2115:(Christoph Irmscher, ed.) ( 2000:Academy of Natural Sciences 1961:Audubon House & Gallery 1757:The northbound span of the 1637:The National Gallery of Art 1013:New-York Historical Society 1002:by Audubon, Brooklyn Museum 931:by Audubon, Brooklyn Museum 919:by Audubon, Brooklyn Museum 904:on the cotton-hauling ship 799:Audubon State Historic Site 795:Feliciana Parish, Louisiana 726:Early ornithological career 10: 9033: 8997:People from Saint-Domingue 8937:American writers in French 7795:Alice and Martin Provensen 6356:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 5712:A History of British Birds 5346:Blue jay: Corvus cristatus 5269:, National Audubon Society 4854:. New Orleans: Harmanson. 4543:Turtledove, Harry (2011). 4436:Govier, Katherine (2002). 3804:. mbpo.org. Archived from 3764:Audubon : A Biography 3013:Rozier, Firmin A. (1890). 2980:, accessed August 17, 2022 1984:Charleston, South Carolina 1553:Audubon in popular culture 1445:Royal Society of Edinburgh 1302:Charleston, South Carolina 1271:Church of the Intercession 1235:Ornithological Biographies 1180:, where an officer of the 1174:Charleston, South Carolina 1132:Ornithological Biographies 878: 649:1811 New Madrid earthquake 8818:Virginia Frances Sterrett 8785: 8739: 8694: 8653: 8612: 8608: 8597: 8548: 8492: 8446: 8400: 8350: 8304: 8263: 8222: 8186: 8150: 8146: 8135: 8091: 8055: 8019: 7973: 7942: 7911: 7880: 7849: 7808: 7767: 7763: 7752: 7698: 7657: 7611: 7575: 7544: 7518: 7492: 7466: 7440: 7414: 7410: 7399: 7365: 7339: 7318: 7297: 7271: 7245: 7219: 7193: 7167: 7141: 7137: 7126: 7092: 7066: 7040: 7014: 6988: 6962: 6946: 6930: 6914: 6898: 6894: 6883: 6859: 6843: 6827: 6811: 6795: 6779: 6763: 6747: 6731: 6715: 6711: 6700: 6671: 6655: 6651: 6640: 6296:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. 6291:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. 6081: 6027:Natural History Societies 5999: 5988: 5904: 5895:The Royal Natural History 5747:Ornithological Dictionary 5734: 5656:Johan Christian Fabricius 5582: 5488: 5415: 5406: 4961:combined 2nd 1938 edition 4546:Atlantis and Other Places 4026:. Zenaida Publishing Co. 4024:The Double Elephant Folio 4001:10.3366/anh.1997.24.3.439 3761:Chancellor, John (1978). 3716:Most, Jennifer L. et al. 3472:Rhodes 2004, pp. 273, 389 3150:10.3366/anh.1997.24.3.439 2670:. Nga.gov. Archived from 2668:"National Gallery of Art" 2431:. MBLWHOI Library. 1887. 1940:Camden County, New Jersey 1906:Scioto Audubon Metro Park 1677:Places named in his honor 1663:Atlantis and Other Places 1485:and personal memorabilia. 1406: 859:Charles Alexandre Lesueur 161: 156: 131: 123: 106: 87: 57: 41: 34: 8942:Artists from New Orleans 6481:William Tecumseh Sherman 6171:George Washington Carver 5873:The Naturalist's Library 5776:On the Origin of Species 5305:Archives of American Art 5252:Ornithological Biography 5188:Audubon Birds of America 5112:Rhodes, Richard (2004). 4630:auduboninternational.org 4463:Howard, Maureen (2001). 3791:Streshinsky 1993, p. 361 3700:. Macmillan. pp. 49–51. 3463:Streshinsky 1993, p. 328 3299:Dunlap, William (1834). 3218:Streshinsky 1993, p. 102 2242:National Audubon Society 2237:List of wildlife artists 2163:Audubon and His Journals 2148:Harvard University Press 2086: 1990:Surviving bird specimens 1865:Coleharbor, North Dakota 1730:Audubon Nature Institute 1563:depicting Western people 1490:National Audubon Society 1432:On the Origin of Species 1415:Audubon in later years, 1401:Ornithological Biography 1341:under attack by a young 1265:from what is now called 1256: 1021:Phelps Dodge Corporation 893:, featuring the extinct 748:Cincinnati Museum Center 550:Ste. Genevieve, Missouri 540:Starting out in business 460:Ornithological Biography 217:in the French colony of 199:National Audubon Society 9007:Painters from Louisiana 8897:American nature writers 8877:Scientific illustrators 8862:American ornithologists 8731:Sarah S. Stilwell Weber 8635:Jeffrey Catherine Jones 8332:William Cameron Menzies 8158:Charles Edward Chambers 7785:Charles Livingston Bull 7531:Elizabeth Shippen Green 7149:Howard Chandler Christy 6633:Society of Illustrators 6561:John Greenleaf Whittier 6176:William Ellery Channing 6007:Natural history museums 5609:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 5155:. New York: Macmillan. 5151:Souder, William (2005) 5098:Punke, Michael (2007). 4894:Chalmers, John (2003). 4626:"Audubon International" 3410:Excursion to the Oregon 3040:His widow, ed. (1869). 2934:Streshinsky 1993, p. 64 2719:Streshinsky 1993, p. 39 2701:Streshinsky 1993, p. 24 2609:Streshinsky 1993, p. 14 2566:Stanley Clisby Arthur, 2144:Audubon: Early Drawings 2113:Writings & Drawings 1956:Moss Point, Mississippi 1856:Dauphin Island, Alabama 1724:Los Angeles, California 1531:on its global homepage. 1275:Trinity Church Cemetery 895:ivory-billed woodpecker 836:Washington, Mississippi 738:by Audubon depicting a 407:by Audubon depicting a 48:Portrait of Audubon by 8987:Painters from Kentucky 8922:American male painters 7383:Arthur Ignatius Keller 7284:Charles Marion Russell 7154:James Montgomery Flagg 6546:James McNeill Whistler 6476:Augustus Saint-Gaudens 6391:Matthew Fontaine Maury 5859:William Jackson Hooker 5807:Alexander von Humboldt 5724:Philosophie zoologique 5507:Pinax theatri botanici 5288:in Henderson, Kentucky 5219:Toronto Public Library 4878:Burroughs, J. (1902). 4840:Sketch of J.J. Audubon 3913:Hunter, Clark (1983). 3567:Lyons 2011, pp. 135–36 3556:Books A Living History 3515:July 20, 2008, at the 3168:Woodman, Neal (2016). 2943:Rhodes 2004, pp. 83–85 2870:10.1093/beheco/5.4.426 2441:: CS1 maint: others ( 2302:: CS1 maint: others ( 2117:The Library of America 2092:Posthumous collections 1971:New Haven, Connecticut 1852:Audubon Bird Sanctuary 1692: 1574: 1504:Great Americans series 1498:He was honored by the 1469:The Audubon Museum at 1443:He was elected to the 1422: 1168:, aboard the schooner 1166:St. Augustine, Florida 1107: 1093: 1070: 1003: 969: 952:Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth 932: 920: 897: 743: 691: 674: 657:moment magnitude scale 644: 637: 530:John Woodhouse Audubon 521: 505: 485: 411: 372: 341: 337:by Audubon, depicting 309: 287: 8992:People from Les Cayes 8932:American slave owners 8902:American bird artists 8556:Alice Barber Stephens 8119:Herbert Morton Stoops 8037:Edward Windsor Kemble 6496:Harriet Beecher Stowe 6466:Franklin D. Roosevelt 6196:James Fenimore Cooper 6156:William Cullen Bryant 6131:Alexander Graham Bell 5945:The Study of Instinct 5884:Kunstformen der Natur 5788:The Malay Archipelago 5783:Alfred Russel Wallace 5719:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck 5348:by John James Audubon 5329:Burgwin Family Papers 5303:from the Smithsonian 5284:May 10, 2011, at the 5102:. Smithsonian Books. 5005:Logan, Peter (2016). 4228:charlotteobserver.com 3408:Townsend, John Kirk, 3395:Mearns, B. & R., 3189:10.3366/anh.2016.0349 2797:10.3366/anh.2018.0487 2545:Shirley Streshinsky, 2221:Audubon Mural Project 2216:Audubon International 1899:Audubon International 1874:Northeast Minneapolis 1826:Boston, Massachusetts 1713:Audubon, Pennsylvania 1684: 1587:Stephen Vincent Benét 1560: 1545:undergoing discussion 1460:Audubon, Pennsylvania 1414: 1397:Richard Meinertzhagen 1363:Dispute over accuracy 1337:by Audubon showing a 1099: 1087: 1064: 997: 964: 926: 914: 888: 768:Ichthyologia Ohiensis 733: 689: 669: 642: 623: 546:Jean Ferdinand Rozier 511: 504:Lucy Bakewell Audubon 503: 476: 444:Charles Willson Peale 402: 359: 350:Jean Ferdinand Rozier 330: 304: 278: 7929:Robert Andrew Parker 7670:Robert M. Cunningham 7453:William Arthur Smith 7448:Jessie Willcox Smith 7279:Arthur Burdett Frost 6787:Arthur William Brown 6526:Booker T. Washington 6436:Alice Freeman Palmer 6416:William T. G. Morton 6361:James Russell Lowell 5864:Joseph Dalton Hooker 5817:The Birds of America 5263:, Harvard University 4901:Ford, Alice (1969). 4863:view excerpts online 4469:. New York: Viking. 3887:Ord, George (1840). 3698:A Key West Companion 3616:search.amphilsoc.org 3612:"APS Member History" 2747:Gill, Frank (2006). 2160:John James Audubon, 2129:John James Audubon, 2111:John James Audubon, 2097:John James Audubon, 2064:Violet-green swallow 2049:Violet-green swallow 1976:Audubon Swamp Garden 1830:Park Drive (parkway) 1747:Audubon County, Iowa 1740:Louisville, Kentucky 1738:and country club in 1697:Audubon Park and Zoo 1668:The choral oratorio 1514:The Birds of America 1464:The Birds of America 1437:The Birds of America 1335:The Birds of America 1251:The Birds of America 1136:William MacGillivray 1128:The Birds of America 1113:The Birds of America 1074:The Birds of America 1017:The Birds of America 939:The Birds of America 891:The Birds of America 881:The Birds of America 874:The Birds of America 828:Natchez, Mississippi 815:The Birds of America 736:The Birds of America 682:Citizenship and debt 566:Louisville, Kentucky 514:The Birds of America 405:The Birds of America 362:Long Haired Squirrel 360:John James Audubon, 334:The Birds of America 233:) from the south of 227:sugarcane plantation 213:Audubon was born in 194:The Birds of America 8363:Walter M. Baumhofer 7965:Albert Beck Wenzell 7562:Joseph Clement Coll 6970:Charles Dana Gibson 6541:George Westinghouse 6511:Henry David Thoreau 6421:John Lothrop Motley 6396:Albert A. Michelson 6276:Nathaniel Hawthorne 6226:Ralph Waldo Emerson 6211:James Buchanan Eads 5912:Martinus Beijerinck 5455:De Natura Animalium 5360:Audubon Art Gallery 5267:"Audubon biography" 4978:Audubon, John James 4937:Christine E Jackson 4847:. pp. 687–692. 4411:A Book of Americans 4196:Rhodes 2004, p. 306 4053:American Literature 3827:Rhodes 2004, p. 163 3818:Rhodes 2004, p. 375 3751:Rhodes 2004, p. 430 3644:Rhodes 2004, p. 366 3635:Rhodes 2004, p. 273 3576:Rhodes 2004, p. 392 3527:Rhodes 2004, p. 316 3499:Rhodes 2004, p. 276 3490:Rhodes 2004, p. 279 3481:Rhodes 2004, p. 300 3421:Rhodes 2004, p. 303 3386:Rhodes 2004, p. 403 3374:Rhodes 2004, p. 261 3313:Rhodes 2004, p. 237 3209:Rhodes 2004, p. 209 3107:Cincy Museum Center 3092:Rhodes 2004, p. 143 3074:Rhodes 2004, p. 116 3065:Rhodes 2004, p. 105 2977:The Washington Post 2952:Rhodes 2004, p. 166 2212:, Key West, Florida 2182:author abbreviation 1936:Audubon High School 1798:and Rue Audubon in 1789:Owensboro, Kentucky 1780:Henderson, Kentucky 1591:A Book of Americans 1569:, published by the 1523:On April 26, 2011, 1475:Henderson, Kentucky 1343:red-shouldered hawk 1267:Alzheimer's disease 1140:copyright libraries 1119:in 1830 and to the 950:in 1834 as part of 589:Henderson, Kentucky 496:Marriage and family 258:American Revolution 8847:John James Audubon 8194:Kenneth Paul Block 8178:Chris Van Allsburg 7816:John James Audubon 7790:David Stone Martin 7665:Boris Artzybasheff 7583:Anton Otto Fischer 7557:McClelland Barclay 7185:Frederic R. Gruger 7100:Edwin Austin Abbey 7079:Frederic Remington 6684:Harold von Schmidt 6471:Theodore Roosevelt 6411:Samuel F. B. Morse 6271:Alexander Hamilton 6216:Thomas Alva Edison 6126:Henry Ward Beecher 6111:John James Audubon 6017:Parson-naturalists 5849:Philip Henry Gosse 5812:John James Audubon 5795:Henry Walter Bates 5683:Histoire Naturelle 5671:Historia Plantarum 5559:Avium Praecipuarum 5543:Historia animalium 5444:Historia Plantarum 5432:History of Animals 5311:John James Audubon 4910:John James Audubon 4903:Audubon By Himself 4881:John James Audubon 4319:The New York Times 4234:on January 4, 2014 3554:Lyons, M. (2011). 3541:John James Audubon 3248:Arthur, pp. 258–59 3239:Arthur, pp. 256–57 2922:Rhodes 2004, p. 55 2858:Behavioral Ecology 2737:Rhodes 2004, p. 38 2728:Rhodes 2004, p. 32 2710:Rhodes 2004, p. 11 2655:John James Audubon 2629:John James Audubon 2579:Rhodes 2004, p. 22 2536:Souder 2005, p. 20 2513:Audubon By Himself 2502:Souder 2005, p. 19 2416:Souder 2005, p. 18 2131:The Audubon Reader 2034:Lewis's woodpecker 1766:Memphis, Tennessee 1745:Several towns and 1693: 1652:on the PBS website 1618:John Gregory Brown 1583:Robert Penn Warren 1575: 1423: 1108: 1094: 1071: 1065:A painting of the 1004: 944:John Kirk Townsend 933: 921: 898: 744: 720:death-bed sketches 692: 645: 635:Ed D. DeVillamonte 522: 506: 412: 373: 342: 288: 225:) on his father's 177:Jean-Jacques Rabin 173:John James Audubon 62:Jean-Jacques Rabin 36:John James Audubon 8912:American adoptees 8834: 8833: 8830: 8829: 8826: 8825: 8752:Anna Whelan Betts 8666:Margaret Brundage 8620:Thomas Blackshear 8593: 8592: 8589: 8588: 8438:Richard M. Powers 8291:Charles M. Schulz 8163:Earl Oliver Hurst 8131: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8042:Russell Patterson 7986:Bradshaw Crandell 7857:E. Simms Campbell 7836:Charles R. Knight 7800:J. Allen St. John 7748: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7619:Chesley Bonestell 7395: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7122: 7121: 7118: 7117: 7048:J. C. Leyendecker 6879: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6696: 6695: 6692: 6691: 6599: 6598: 6531:George Washington 6486:John Philip Sousa 6321:Thomas J. Jackson 6311:Washington Irving 6256:William C. Gorgas 6241:Benjamin Franklin 6206:Charlotte Cushman 6091:John Quincy Adams 6040: 6039: 5986: 5985: 5604:Marcello Malpighi 5498:Ulisse Aldrovandi 5478:De Materia Medica 5201:Project Gutenberg 5147:978-0-660-19894-1 5108:978-0-06-089782-6 5058:978-0-8478-3483-9 5016:978-0-9972282-1-2 4992:cite encyclopedia 4974:Johnson, Rossiter 4556:978-0-451-46387-6 4386:978-0-8071-2333-1 4352:The Seattle Times 4033:978-0-9770829-0-2 3924:978-0-87169-154-5 3808:on July 18, 2011. 3778:978-0-670-14053-4 2758:978-0-7167-4983-7 2674:on April 12, 2010 2600:Rhodes 2004, p. 5 2472:978-0-8071-3381-1 2366:Nelson, Randy F. 2156:978-0-674-03102-9 2125:978-1-883011-68-0 1965:Key West, Florida 1950:Chicago, Illinois 1837:Amherst, New York 1764:Audubon Park, in 1629:The Iron Mistress 1579:Audubon: A Vision 1339:northern bobwhite 1298:Rev. John Bachman 1194:Savannah, Georgia 1067:roseate spoonbill 1036:Benjamin Franklin 917:American flamingo 851:Charles Bonaparte 832:Jefferson College 791:Oakley Plantation 554:Mississippi River 388:a few miles from 313:French Revolution 170: 169: 16:(Redirected from 9024: 8808:Gregory Manchess 8671:Walter Percy Day 8610: 8609: 8599: 8598: 8428:William Glackens 8408:Marshall Arisman 8358:Bernard D'Andrea 8296:Murray Tinkelman 8230:Ludwig Bemelmans 8148: 8147: 8137: 8136: 8109:Laurence Fellows 8047:George Stavrinos 8006:Alvin J. Pimsler 7841:Franklin McMahon 7765: 7764: 7754: 7753: 7721:Stanley Meltzoff 7567:Frank Schoonover 7412: 7411: 7401: 7400: 7357:Robert T. McCall 7263:James Williamson 7211:Henry P. Raleigh 7139: 7138: 7128: 7127: 7001:Maxfield Parrish 6896: 6895: 6885: 6884: 6755:Edward A. Wilson 6713: 6712: 6702: 6701: 6653: 6652: 6642: 6641: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6603: 6602: 6371:Edward MacDowell 6326:Thomas Jefferson 6261:Ulysses S. Grant 6221:Jonathan Edwards 6191:Grover Cleveland 6106:Susan B. Anthony 6067: 6060: 6053: 6044: 6043: 5994: 5967:The Dancing Bees 5891:Richard Lydekker 5839:Jean-Henri Fabre 5824:William Buckland 5629:Regnier de Graaf 5523:Andrea Cesalpino 5413: 5412: 5393: 5386: 5379: 5370: 5369: 5319:Birds of America 5317:Watercolors for 5294:Birds of America 5261:Houghton Library 5246:Birds of America 5235: 5234: 5210:Internet Archive 5134: 5094: 5084: 5020: 5001: 4995: 4987: 4970: 4969: 4928:view online here 4875: 4824: 4823: 4810: 4804: 4803: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4751:audubonhouse.org 4743: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4701:"Audubon School" 4697: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4680:garlandparks.com 4672: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4651:"Scioto Audubon" 4647: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4597: 4591: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4522:American Masters 4514: 4508: 4507: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4433: 4427: 4426: 4414: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4230:. Archived from 4219: 4213: 4210:American Masters 4203: 4197: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4175: 4169: 4168: 4150: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4100:10.2307/26409602 4083: 4077: 4076: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4019: 4013: 4012: 3984: 3975: 3974: 3964: 3940: 3929: 3928: 3910: 3901: 3900: 3884: 3875: 3874: 3834: 3828: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3798: 3792: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3732: 3726: 3714: 3708: 3694: 3688: 3681: 3675: 3669: 3660: 3654: 3645: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3591: 3583: 3577: 3574: 3568: 3565: 3559: 3552: 3546: 3537: 3528: 3525: 3519: 3506: 3500: 3497: 3491: 3488: 3482: 3479: 3473: 3470: 3464: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3413: 3406: 3400: 3393: 3387: 3384: 3375: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3355: 3331: 3314: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3296: 3287: 3286: 3276: 3267: 3258: 3255: 3249: 3246: 3240: 3237: 3231: 3228: 3219: 3216: 3210: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3174: 3165: 3154: 3153: 3133: 3127: 3126:Ford 1969, p. 25 3124: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3099: 3093: 3090: 3084: 3083:Ford 1969, p. 85 3081: 3075: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3057: 3056:Ford 1969, p. 57 3054: 3048: 3047: 3037: 3028: 3027:Ford 1969, p. 56 3025: 3019: 3018: 3010: 3004: 3000: 2994: 2987: 2981: 2968: 2962: 2961:Ford 1969, p. 24 2959: 2953: 2950: 2944: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2923: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2904: 2898: 2895:American Masters 2888: 2882: 2881: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2780: 2763: 2762: 2744: 2738: 2735: 2729: 2726: 2720: 2717: 2711: 2708: 2702: 2699: 2693: 2692:Ford 1969, p. 10 2690: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2664: 2658: 2651: 2645: 2638: 2632: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2601: 2598: 2589: 2586: 2580: 2577: 2571: 2564: 2558: 2543: 2537: 2534: 2525: 2522: 2516: 2509: 2503: 2500: 2494: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2456: 2447: 2446: 2440: 2432: 2423: 2417: 2414: 2405: 2402: 2396: 2390:Rhodes, Richard 2387: 2378: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2301: 2293: 2268: 2247:Passenger pigeon 2200: 2190: 2189: 2188: 2171: 2075: 2060: 2045: 2030: 2015: 1930:Audubon Mountain 1894:Joplin, Missouri 1884:Orlando, Florida 1722:neighborhood of 1659:Harry Turtledove 1648:American Masters 1602:Katherine Govier 1421: 1418: 1377:scientific fraud 1369:Birds of America 1354: 1330: 1315:Alexander Wilson 1202:Birds of America 1106: 1103: 807:St. Francisville 756:Alexander Wilson 604:Native Americans 370: 367: 270:Republican Guard 264:, 20 miles from 243:Pays de la Loire 166: 150: 148: 94: 91:January 27, 1851 82:(now Haiti) 71: 69: 46: 32: 31: 21: 9032: 9031: 9027: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9022: 9021: 8837: 8836: 8835: 8822: 8803:Robert Grossman 8781: 8735: 8726:Reynold Ruffins 8690: 8649: 8604: 8585: 8576:Vincent Di Fate 8544: 8488: 8484:Gustaf Tenggren 8442: 8396: 8346: 8300: 8276:George Herriman 8259: 8218: 8182: 8142: 8123: 8087: 8073:Kinuko Y. Craft 8051: 8015: 8001:Frank H. Netter 7969: 7938: 7907: 7876: 7872:Daniel Schwartz 7867:Jean-Leon Huens 7845: 7831:F. O. C. Darley 7821:Will H. Bradley 7804: 7759: 7740: 7736:Adolph Treidler 7694: 7685:Edward Penfield 7653: 7644:Harrison Fisher 7607: 7571: 7540: 7514: 7500:Robert McGinnis 7488: 7479:Edwin A. Georgi 7462: 7436: 7406: 7387: 7361: 7335: 7331:Haddon Sundblom 7314: 7293: 7267: 7241: 7215: 7189: 7163: 7133: 7114: 7088: 7062: 7036: 7010: 6984: 6958: 6942: 6926: 6910: 6890: 6871: 6855: 6839: 6823: 6807: 6791: 6775: 6759: 6743: 6727: 6707: 6688: 6667: 6663:Norman Rockwell 6647: 6636: 6630: 6600: 6595: 6571:Frances Willard 6506:Sylvanus Thayer 6456:Edgar Allan Poe 6441:Francis Parkman 6351:Abraham Lincoln 6331:John Paul Jones 6251:Josiah W. Gibbs 6166:Andrew Carnegie 6151:Phillips Brooks 6116:George Bancroft 6077: 6071: 6041: 6036: 5995: 5982: 5963:Karl von Frisch 5900: 5869:William Jardine 5759:Le Règne Animal 5730: 5678:Comte de Buffon 5639:Systema Naturae 5578: 5550:Frederik Ruysch 5528:Valerius Cordus 5518:Hieronymus Bock 5484: 5466:Natural History 5461:Pliny the Elder 5418: 5408: 5402: 5400:Natural history 5397: 5366: 5286:Wayback Machine 5232: 5184: 5179: 5017: 4989: 4988: 4976:, ed. (1906). " 4967: 4944:Wayback Machine 4833: 4828: 4827: 4811: 4807: 4794: 4790: 4780: 4778: 4770: 4769: 4765: 4755: 4753: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4705: 4703: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4684: 4682: 4674: 4673: 4669: 4659: 4657: 4649: 4648: 4644: 4634: 4632: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4609: 4607: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4541: 4537: 4527: 4525: 4524:. July 25, 2007 4516: 4515: 4511: 4504: 4493:Audubon's Watch 4488: 4484: 4477: 4461: 4457: 4450: 4434: 4430: 4423: 4405: 4401: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4371: 4367: 4357: 4355: 4354:. July 26, 2022 4346: 4345: 4341: 4331: 4329: 4311: 4307: 4297: 4295: 4277: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4235: 4220: 4216: 4204: 4200: 4195: 4191: 4176: 4172: 4127: 4123: 4084: 4080: 4065:10.2307/2919790 4045: 4041: 4034: 4020: 4016: 3985: 3978: 3941: 3932: 3925: 3911: 3904: 3885: 3878: 3855:10.2307/3257944 3835: 3831: 3826: 3822: 3817: 3813: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3759: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3733: 3729: 3715: 3711: 3695: 3691: 3682: 3678: 3670: 3663: 3655: 3648: 3643: 3639: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3610: 3609: 3605: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3553: 3549: 3543:Retrieved from 3538: 3531: 3526: 3522: 3517:Wayback Machine 3507: 3503: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3467: 3462: 3458: 3429: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3407: 3403: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3332: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3297: 3290: 3274: 3268: 3261: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3222: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3172: 3166: 3157: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3121: 3111: 3109: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3038: 3031: 3026: 3022: 3011: 3007: 3001: 2997: 2988: 2984: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2889: 2885: 2850: 2846: 2836: 2834: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2808: 2804: 2781: 2766: 2759: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2652: 2648: 2639: 2635: 2631:(2004), pp. 3–4 2626: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2592: 2588:Ford 1969, p. 3 2587: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2565: 2561: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2473: 2457: 2450: 2434: 2433: 2425: 2424: 2420: 2415: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2388: 2381: 2365: 2361: 2351: 2349: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2326: 2324: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2295: 2294: 2282: 2270: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2206: 2201: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2094: 2089: 2082: 2076: 2067: 2061: 2052: 2046: 2037: 2031: 2022: 2016: 1992: 1785:Audubon Parkway 1679: 1624:George Voskovec 1614:Audubon's Watch 1612:. In the novel 1555: 1449:Linnean Society 1419: 1409: 1367:The success of 1365: 1358: 1355: 1346: 1331: 1310: 1308:Art and methods 1259: 1186:Cockspur Island 1104: 1082: 985:double elephant 883: 877: 728: 684: 542: 534:John W. Audubon 498: 468:Sayornis phoebe 458:In volume 2 of 456: 386:Perkiomen Creek 375:Audubon caught 368: 346:Napoleonic Wars 325: 211: 152: 149: 1808) 144: 140: 119: 102: 96: 92: 83: 73: 67: 65: 64: 63: 53: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9030: 9020: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8832: 8831: 8828: 8827: 8824: 8823: 8821: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8789: 8787: 8783: 8782: 8780: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8767:Helen Hokinson 8764: 8762:Seymour Chwast 8759: 8754: 8749: 8743: 8741: 8737: 8736: 8734: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8702:Charles Addams 8698: 8696: 8692: 8691: 8689: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8657: 8655: 8651: 8650: 8648: 8647: 8642: 8640:Barbara Nessim 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8616: 8614: 8606: 8605: 8595: 8594: 8591: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8584: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8552: 8550: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8530:James McMullan 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8505:Kate Greenaway 8502: 8496: 8494: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8469:Ralph Steadman 8466: 8461: 8456: 8450: 8448: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8440: 8435: 8433:Beatrix Potter 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8413:Rolf Armstrong 8410: 8404: 8402: 8398: 8397: 8395: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8354: 8352: 8348: 8347: 8345: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8317:Walter Everett 8314: 8308: 8306: 8302: 8301: 8299: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8286:Arthur Rackham 8283: 8281:Sanford Kossin 8278: 8273: 8267: 8265: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8235:R. 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Blechman 8232: 8226: 8224: 8220: 8219: 8217: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8204:Robert Heindel 8201: 8196: 8190: 8188: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8154: 8152: 8144: 8143: 8133: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8095: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8059: 8057: 8053: 8052: 8050: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8023: 8021: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7977: 7975: 7971: 7970: 7968: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7946: 7944: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7936: 7934:Saul Steinberg 7931: 7926: 7921: 7915: 7913: 7909: 7908: 7906: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7884: 7882: 7878: 7877: 7875: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7853: 7851: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7812: 7810: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7771: 7769: 7761: 7760: 7750: 7749: 7746: 7745: 7742: 7741: 7739: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7706:Mitchell Hooks 7702: 7700: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7692: 7690:Martha Sawyers 7687: 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6163: 6161:Luther Burbank 6158: 6153: 6148: 6146:Louis Brandeis 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6070: 6069: 6062: 6055: 6047: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6014: 6003: 6001: 5997: 5996: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5973:Ronald Lockley 5970: 5960: 5948: 5941:Niko Tinbergen 5938: 5926: 5914: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5888: 5876: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5809: 5804: 5792: 5780: 5771:Charles Darwin 5768: 5763: 5754:Georges Cuvier 5751: 5742:George Montagu 5738: 5736: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5728: 5716: 5704: 5692: 5687: 5675: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5631: 5626: 5624:Jan Swammerdam 5621: 5616: 5614:William Derham 5611: 5606: 5601: 5588: 5586: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5566: 5555:William Turner 5552: 5547: 5538:Conrad Gessner 5535: 5533:Leonhart Fuchs 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5503:Gaspard Bauhin 5500: 5494: 5492: 5486: 5485: 5483: 5482: 5470: 5458: 5448: 5436: 5423: 5421: 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1880: 1867: 1858: 1849: 1842:Audubon Avenue 1839: 1833: 1822: 1819:Marais Audubon 1816: 1813: 1803: 1792: 1782: 1773: 1770:Botanic Garden 1762: 1755: 1749: 1743: 1733: 1727: 1716: 1710: 1700: 1678: 1675: 1642:In July 2007, 1606:Maureen Howard 1554: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1541: 1532: 1521: 1516:was sold at a 1510: 1496: 1493: 1486: 1467: 1456: 1427:Charles Darwin 1408: 1405: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1349: 1347: 1345:, painted 1825 1332: 1325: 1309: 1306: 1292:; he prepared 1258: 1255: 1178:Savannah River 1130:with a sequel 1081: 1078: 1052:Charles Darwin 1044:Robert Jameson 948:Thomas Nuttall 879:Main article: 876: 871: 727: 724: 683: 680: 541: 538: 497: 494: 472:silver threads 464:eastern phoebe 455: 452: 324: 321: 219:Saint-Domingue 210: 207: 168: 167: 159: 158: 154: 153: 142: 136: 135: 133: 129: 128: 125: 121: 120: 118: 117: 114: 110: 108: 104: 103: 97: 95:(aged 65) 89: 85: 84: 80:Saint-Domingue 74: 72:April 26, 1785 61: 59: 55: 54: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9029: 9018: 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Cober 8197: 8195: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8185: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8173:Wilson McLean 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8149: 8145: 8138: 8134: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8090: 8084: 8083:Walter Einsel 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8060: 8058: 8054: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8018: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7996:Harold Foster 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7981:Gilbert Bundy 7979: 7978: 7976: 7972: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7941: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7910: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7888:Elaine Duillo 7886: 7885: 7883: 7879: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7862:Milton Glaser 7860: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7848: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7826:Howard Brodie 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7780:Nell Brinkley 7778: 7776: 7773: 7772: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7755: 7751: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7716:Antonio Lopez 7714: 7712: 7711:Andrew Loomis 7709: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7697: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7656: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7639:Maynard Dixon 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7610: 7604: 7603:Herbert Tauss 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7593:Violet Oakley 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7574: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7543: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7517: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7491: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7465: 7459: 7458:Donald Teague 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7439: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7402: 7398: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7378:John Held Jr. 7376: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7364: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7352:Pruett Carter 7350: 7348: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7338: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7317: 7311: 7310:Rockwell Kent 7308: 7306: 7305:Al Hirschfeld 7303: 7302: 7300: 7296: 7290: 7289:Robert Weaver 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7276: 7274: 7270: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7253:John La Gatta 7251: 7250: 7248: 7244: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7218: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7206:Carl Erickson 7204: 7202: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7192: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7172: 7170: 7166: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7129: 7125: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7091: 7085: 7084:Coby Whitmore 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7065: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7039: 7033: 7032:Winslow Homer 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7013: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6993: 6991: 6987: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6961: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6945: 6939: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6929: 6923: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6913: 6907: 6906:Rube Goldberg 6904: 6903: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6886: 6882: 6868: 6867:Austin Briggs 6865: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6842: 6836: 6833: 6832: 6830: 6826: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6810: 6804: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6794: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6772: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6762: 6756: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6724: 6721: 6720: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6703: 6699: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6679:Dean Cornwell 6677: 6676: 6674: 6670: 6664: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6643: 6639: 6634: 6627: 6622: 6620: 6615: 6613: 6608: 6607: 6604: 6592: 6591:Wilbur Wright 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6426:Simon Newcomb 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6386:John Marshall 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6376:James Madison 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6346:Robert E. Lee 6344: 6342: 6341:Sidney Lanier 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6286:Patrick Henry 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6246:Robert Fulton 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6101:Louis Agassiz 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6080: 6075: 6068: 6063: 6061: 6056: 6054: 6049: 6048: 6045: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6002: 5998: 5993: 5978: 5974: 5971: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5956:On Aggression 5952: 5951:Konrad Lorenz 5949: 5946: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5930: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5918: 5917:Abbott Thayer 5915: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5879:Ernst Haeckel 5877: 5874: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5844:Louis Agassiz 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5829:Charles Lyell 5827: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5789: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5766:William Smith 5764: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5733: 5726: 5725: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5707:Thomas Bewick 5705: 5702: 5701: 5696: 5695:Gilbert White 5693: 5691: 5688: 5685: 5684: 5679: 5676: 5673: 5672: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5646:Georg Steller 5644: 5641: 5640: 5635: 5634:Carl Linnaeus 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5584:Enlightenment 5581: 5574: 5570: 5567: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5513:Otto Brunfels 5511: 5508: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5459: 5456: 5452: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5440: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5414: 5411: 5405: 5401: 5394: 5389: 5387: 5382: 5380: 5375: 5374: 5371: 5367: 5361: 5358: 5355: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5315: 5312: 5308: 5306: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5287: 5283: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5249: 5247: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5176: 5175:0-679-40859-2 5172: 5168: 5164: 5162: 5161:0-86547-726-4 5158: 5154: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5131: 5125: 5123: 5122:0-375-41412-6 5119: 5115: 5111: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5092: 5088: 5083: 5082:10.3099/MCZ70 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5039: 5035: 5033: 5028: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5012: 5008: 5003: 4999: 4993: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4975: 4965: 4962: 4958: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4938: 4935: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4911: 4907: 4904: 4900: 4897: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4873: 4872: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4846: 4842: 4841: 4837:Anon. (1887) 4836: 4835: 4821: 4820: 4819: Audubon 4815: 4809: 4801: 4800: 4792: 4777: 4776:www.nhm.ac.uk 4773: 4767: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4702: 4696: 4681: 4677: 4671: 4656: 4652: 4646: 4631: 4627: 4621: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4587: 4572: 4566: 4558: 4552: 4548: 4547: 4539: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4505: 4503:0-395-78607-X 4499: 4495: 4494: 4486: 4478: 4476:0-670-89978-X 4472: 4468: 4467: 4459: 4451: 4449:1-58567-410-9 4445: 4441: 4440: 4432: 4424: 4422:0-8050-0284-7 4418: 4413: 4412: 4403: 4388: 4382: 4379:. LSU Press. 4378: 4377: 4369: 4353: 4349: 4343: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4309: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4275: 4260: 4256: 4249: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4218: 4211: 4207: 4202: 4193: 4185: 4181: 4174: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4149: 4148:10.3099/MCZ70 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4125: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4082: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4043: 4035: 4029: 4025: 4018: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3983: 3981: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3926: 3920: 3916: 3909: 3907: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3883: 3881: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3833: 3824: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3788: 3780: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3765: 3757: 3748: 3740: 3739: 3731: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3713: 3707: 3706:0-312-45183-0 3703: 3699: 3693: 3686: 3680: 3673: 3668: 3666: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3641: 3632: 3617: 3613: 3607: 3588: 3582: 3573: 3564: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3542: 3536: 3534: 3524: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3496: 3487: 3478: 3469: 3460: 3451: 3446: 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