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Council, where she served for two terms. In 1972 she was "the first black and the first woman to be elected to the
Florida Legislature from North Florida since Reconstruction." She was the third black in the state elected to the legislature in the 20th century. She later held statewide appointed positions, and died at age 54 in 1980.
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Duval county voters approved the consolidation referendum 54,493 - 29,768 on August 8, 1967 but the old government did not go quietly. A lawsuit was filed by a few elected officials contesting consolidation because their term in office would be shortened and they would be required to face re-election
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to accomplish many objectives. The
Legislature generally deferred to the decision of the county delegation on whether to enact such special legislation, which gave the county delegation in a particular county great political influence. Following the adoption of a new Constitution, effective January
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The date was significant as it was the deadline for submitting requests for the upcoming state legislative session. At the time, the legislature met for only 60 days every other year. These business and civic leaders signed a 45-word petition to the Duval County legislative delegation, consisting of
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was a teacher and restaurant owner who was elected to the old City
Council in 1967, the same year as Sallye B. Mathis. Singleton was initially opposed to consolidation, but changed her mind and was influential among the black community. She was elected without opposition to the new consolidated City
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committee, which successfully disseminated information about the advantages of consolidation to voters who had consistently defeated consolidation referendums since 1935. Lower taxes, increased economic development, unification of the community, better public spending and effective administration by
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We, the undersigned, respectfully request the Duval County
Delegation to the Florida Legislature to prepare an enabling act calling for the citizens of Duval County to vote on the consolidation of government within Duval to secure more efficient and effective government under one governmental body.
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was hired as the executive director of the LGSC. He was the "key architect of
Jacksonville's consolidated government", transition coordinator and chief administrative officer following consolidation. Claude Yates was among the 50 business and civic leaders invited to participate; elected officials
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In 1934, the
Florida Constitution was amended to give the Florida Legislature the “power to establish, alter or abolish, a Municipal corporation to be known as the City of Jacksonville, extending territorially throughout the present limits of Duval County," but for many years thereafter, the
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and government employees were intentionally excluded. On
October 1, 1965 the commission was established and given until May 1, 1967 to complete their work. In January, 1967, after 15 months of effort and three months ahead of schedule, the LGSC submitted a consolidation proposal entitled,
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On
January 19, 1965 Yates called a lunch meeting of the chamber at the Robert Meyer Hotel to decide on a course of action for the region. Attendees included Glenn Marshall Jr., Roger L. Main, W. S. Johnson, Charles W. Campbell, Gert H.W. Schmidt,
400:, elected mayor of Jacksonville the year before, became the first mayor of the consolidated government. Jacksonville became the largest city (by population) in Florida and the 13th largest in the United States. According to the
427:. Residents of these towns vote in city elections and are eligible for other services. Jacksonville was the second consolidated government in the state of Florida and one of ten in the nation.
690:
Milan J. Dluhy (2010). "What difference does city-county consolidation make?: a historical analysis of
Jacksonville and Tampa, Florida". In Suzanne M. Leland; Kurt Thurmaier (eds.).
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After a year of transition, the consolidated government went into effect on
October 1, 1968. Jacksonville celebrated with a parade and fireworks that attracted 200,000 spectators.
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was a German-born immigrant and Jacksonville business executive on the executive committee of the Local Government Study Commission. He also served on the
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Richard A. Martin. Consolidation, Jacksonville, Duval County: The Dynamics of Urban Political Reform. Jacksonville, FL: Crawford Publishing, 1969.
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after one year in office. Other elected officials attempted to pass zoning changes or sign long-term government contracts for their friends.
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Keeping the Faith: Race, Politics, and Social Development in Jacksonville, Florida, 1940-1970 by Abel A. Bartley, 2000 pages 111-113
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State Senator John E. Mathews and Representative Fred Schultz, that would later be dubbed as the "Yates Manifesto". It stated:
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as it existed at that time, cities and counties had limited home rule powers and often needed special legislation by the
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Fla. Const. of 1885, Art. VIII, § 9, carried forward in the current Florida Constitution, Fla. Const. Art. VIII, § 6(e)
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that ended legal racial segregation of public facilities, and the state was working to adapt to other changes.
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in 1964 when all 15 public high schools lost their accreditation; they were still segregated despite the 1954
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was vice chairman of the LGSC. He was elected as the first City Council president under consolidation.
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Through the 1960s, Jacksonville, like many other large cities in the US, suffered from the effects of
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Orange County Florida.net: Outline of the History of Consolidated Government in Jacksonville, Florida
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indicted 11 Jacksonville and Duval County officials on 142 counts of bribery and larceny including:
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as chairman to design a new government and write its charter. Daniel was known, according to
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Both the city and county suffered corruption scandals, following virtual one-party rule by
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Outline of the History of Consolidated Government in Jacksonville, Florida (MS-Word .doc)
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a more central authority were all cited as reasons for a new consolidated government.
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in 1960, seeking integration of schools and better funding for improvement.
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Claude Yates also helped promote the government merger plan. Yates led the
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Florida Times-Union: Jan 15, 2000-Banker, city leader James Lumpkins dies
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Florida Times-Union: Feb 21, 1999- Quiet revolution created bold new city
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Jacksonville: The Consolidation Story, from Civil Rights to the Jaguars
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Jessie-Lynne Kerr, "These people helped consolidation come together"
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Florida Times-Union: Oct 3, 2006- Consolidation: A quiet revolution
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since the turn of the 20th century, when the state legislature had
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ruling by the US Supreme Court. That year Congress had passed the
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Influential individuals who supported consolidation included:
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had recently retired as vice president and general manager of
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University of North Florida Graduate Theses and Dissertations
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in Jacksonville and been named president of the Jacksonville
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and was board chairman of the Jacksonville branch of the
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City-County Consolidation: Promises Made, Promises Kept?
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Florida Times-Union: October 1, 2000 -Memorial is needed
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In response, the 1965 Florida Legislature created the
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Jessie-Lynne Kerr, "Yates' call to meet made history"
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