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JLENS

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620:. The Pentagon suspended trials of the system after the incident until the Army completed its investigation of how the aerostat broke free. The program was said to be "hanging by a thread" after the incident. By February 2016, the investigation had found that a malfunctioning pressure sensing device caused a loss of air pressure in the tail fins, leading to the loss of aerodynamic efficiency which, along with increased wind drag, exacerbated tension on the tether to the point of breakage. Following the incident, the military initially decided that the JLENS should continue with its operational exercise because of the unique cruise-missile defense capability it provides, determining that changes and procedures will enable it to safely fly again. 31: 570:
will not have video cameras, nor will it collect personally identifiable information. “The primary mission...is to track airborne objects,” the Army said. “Its secondary mission is to track surface moving objects such as vehicles or boats. The capability to track surface objects does not extend to individual people." Experts cite the extreme angles from overhead as precluding even advanced surveillance systems from being able to identify faces or other features such as license plates, though anonymized geolocation data has been found to easily identify specific individuals.
480:(EO/IR) sensor successfully tracked ground targets, even under smoky conditions from a recent forest fire. Imagery captured by the MTS-B was passed through the JLENS tether for operators to view a live feed from dozens of miles away, simultaneously tracking ground targets using its integrated radar system, demonstrating the potential for integration of JLENS radar and EO/IR payloads. 391:, 360-degree coverage extending 340 miles (300 nmi; 550 km). The surveillance radar scans in all directions to pick up targets, then the targeting radar looks only in a certain segment to guide weapons to it. Its detection capability seeks to equal 4–5 fixed-wing aircraft, and is designed to operate at 15–20 percent of the cost of fixed-wing aircraft. 414:
lose altitude. When they do, they would come down so slowly that they could be reeled in, easily repaired, and quickly redeployed. Mooring stations for large systems would be relatively permanent; however, for short- or medium-range surveillance, the aerostats would likely be smaller and their mooring systems mobile.
310:, saving money on crew, fuel, maintenance and other costs, and give military commanders advance warning to make decisions and provide notifications. Following cost overruns, underperformance, declining support in Congress, and public scrutiny following a snapped tether which allowed one craft moored at 413:
JLENS aerostats are filled with 590,000 cubic feet (17,000 cubic m) of non-flammable helium. Given its operational altitude, the internal pressure of JLENS is about the same as the exterior pressure, which makes the system difficult to shoot down. Airships can absorb multiple punctures before they
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A 2012 report by the Pentagon's operational testing office found JLENS deficient in four “critical performance areas” and rated its overall reliability as “poor.” A year later, Pentagon technical specialists, in their most recent assessment of the system, said JLENS “did not demonstrate the ability
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Privacy advocates raised concerns that the deployment could be used to track individuals by generating radar geo-location data and correlating it with other technology, including cellphone metadata and traffic cameras. A spokesperson for the Army stated that "absolutely, 100 percent" that JLENS
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Since the program's inception, extensive testing has been conducted on the JLENS system. In September 2005 the program successfully completed a two-day functional review, which examined fire-control radar, surveillance radar, processing station, communication system and platform. In 2012, tests
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Privacy groups raised concerns that advanced sensors such as ARGUS, MTS-B and other Wide Area Persistent Surveillance EO/IR payloads may be deployed, as Federal privacy regulations currently do not apply and the Army has refused to conduct a privacy impact assessment. One privacy group has also
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for an early JLENS prototype. The initial program had three objectives: (1) to mitigate risks during development and acquisition; (2) to design, develop, procure, fabricate, integrate, test, demonstrate and maintain a system which met military requirements; and (3) to provide an operational
331:. The office involved all military departments—the Army would serve as program manager, while the Navy and Air Force would provide deputy program managers. Following approval of the JLENS acquisition strategy, the project office conducted design concept and risk-reduction studies. 443:
Following incidents with the JLENS aerostats, some retired military officials suggested that the system's sophisticated sensors be moved to more reliable platforms like satellites or long-endurance UAVs to fulfill the role of detecting low-flying cruise missiles.
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which utilized a helium/air mix, armored mooring stations, sophisticated radars, and a processing station designed to communicate with anti-missile and other ground and airborne systems. Each system was referred to as an "orbit", and two orbits were built. The
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The JLENS program was funded through achieving Initial Operational Capability (IOC) and low-rate production, which were expected around 2017 as scheduled, however only the two test model systems were put into operational service.
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reviewed the program and directed the Army to continue with a reduced test plan using the two existing JLENS developmental orbits and prepare for operational testing at Aberdeen. Two years later, in March 2014, a report by the
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to drift on a 100-mile uncontrolled descent across Pennsylvania, dragging its cable tether which damaged power lines and cut power to 20,000 homes, the program was suspended in October 2015, and completely discontinued by 2017.
612:, about 100 miles (160 km) north of Aberdeen. Its dragging 6,700 foot (2,000 m) tether reportedly downed many power lines in the area, with loss of electrical power to as many as 20,000 area residents. The 461:. The system tracked four threats similar to tactical ballistic missiles, and it met its primary and secondary goals, including launch point estimation, ballistic tracking and discrimination performance. 410:. Its relatively low-power usage and over-the-horizon capability makes it less expensive to operate than existing fixed-wing systems and provides significantly greater range than ground-based systems. 1397:
Matthew Hay Brown and Ian Duncan,"JLENS blimp has come free of its tether at APG, now floating over Pennsylvania; fighter jets monitoring,"The Baltimore Sun, 28 October 2015.Retrieved 28 October 2015
604:, became untethered. It was escorted by two fighter jets as it drifted at an altitude of approximately 16,000 feet (4,900 m) towards Pennsylvania. About three hours later, it was reported by 357:
Since that time, numerous studies and requirements changes have been made. According to JLENS' product manager, the system was poised for operational testing, a planned three-year deployment at
1644: 634:, the "nearly unanimous lack of funding for the program spells death for JLENS". The blimps are being kept in storage and the small budget being used to close out the program, according to 373:, roughly 77 yards (70 m) in length, that float to an altitude of 10,000 feet (3,000 m) for up to 30 days at a time. Each aerostat utilizes a different radar system—one has a 1374: 1146: 727: 545:, with a particular eye toward detecting threats approaching the nation's capital. The system was able to detect ground-based vehicles up to 140 miles (230 km) away, from 581:
The JLENS system is designed to stay aloft and survive most weather patterns. According to the system's manufacturer, JLENS has survived 106 mph (47 m/s) winds.
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In January 2013, Raytheon conducted a field trial of the JLENS equipped with its multi-spectral targeting system-B (MTS-B) to observe simulated terrorists planting an
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In addition to protecting U.S. cities, the system could be deployed anywhere commanders cite a need for increased missile defense capability, such as on the
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The tethered cables relay data and provide power. As threats are detected, information is sent to anti-missile and other fire-control systems including
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fully funded JLENS. One analyst noted that "failure to pass a defense spending bill by March 2015 would impact JLENS at Aberdeen."
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In October 2014, lab tests demonstrated that data collected by the JLENS radar system could be converted into a format for use by
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In 2013, the Army, utilizing its own soldiers, put the system through a series of demanding drills during a period referred to as
354:, won the initial contract—valued at $ 11.9 million—as part of an estimated $ 292 million contract if all options were exercised. 327:
In January 1996, the office of the Secretary of Defense directed the Army to establish an Aerostat Joint Project Office based in
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The fiscal 2017 budget for the program was cut from the requested $ 45 million to $ 2.5 million. According to
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reported less than an hour later that the aerostat was "contained". It was found tangled in trees in
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concluded that $ 2.78 billion had been invested in system design, development and other costs.
351: 42: 1490: 1433: 1820: 530: 488: 399: 307: 557:. The program's second orbit was kept in strategic reserve for potential future deployment. 550: 510:
A three-year exercise for one of the two JLENS orbits was slated to begin in early 2015 at
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Raytheon MTS-B Multi-Spectral Targeting System on JLENS Aerostat Tracks Moving Targets
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On October 28, 2015, one of two JLENS aerostats being used to conduct a test over
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Long-range surface-to-air missile and other threat detection capability Aerostat
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Pentagon suspends troubled missile defense system at center of 'runaway blimp'
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December 2014-Active testing and operation summarily suspended October 2015.
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Raytheon's MTS-B system demonstrates surface target observation capabilities
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claimed that JLENS could be weaponized and that it is capable of carrying
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prototype which could potentially be used during a deployment of troops.
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Three bids were received, and in January 1998 a joint venture between
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Joint Land Attack Cruise Missile Defense Elevated Netted Sensor System
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Report by the DoD Director, Operational Test and Evaluation, 2013
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After Blimp's Wild Ride, JLENS Program Will Fly Again, NORAD Says
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crashed into it after becoming unmoored during severe weather.
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Greg Clary and Barbara Starr, CNN Pentagon (28 October 2015).
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In the fall of 2010, a JLENS prototype was destroyed when
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JLENS Will Be Produced, but Not in Numbers Once Expected
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cost breach due to budget cuts for unit procurements.
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Raytheon AN/MSQ-18 Battalion Missile Operations System
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JLENS Supporters: Never Mind the Blimp, Save the Radar
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to survive in its intended operational environment.”
1342:. Raytheon, updated October 14, 2014. Archived from 728:"Surveillance aircraft floating high above Maryland" 916:
Federation of American Scientists, JLENS Fact Sheet
873:Joakim Kasper Oestergaard Balle (3 November 2014). 785:"It's a bird, it's a plane: No, it's an Army blimp" 759:"US Army trains on JLENS ahead of first deployment" 529:The deployment joined an ongoing exercise known as 1364: 809:Federation of American Scientists (25 July 1999). 943:"JLENS: Defense for Warfighters and the Homeland" 2180: 1161: 1159: 847:Defense Industry Daily staff (14 October 2014). 408:Norwegian Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System 1794:Raytheon Intelligence, Information and Services 1120:"Blimps leave Utah's desert bound for Maryland" 1036: 702:"Drone-Hunting Blimp To Launch Over Washington" 623: 756: 495:, the Army took formal control of the system. 364: 1744: 1571: 1503: 1243: 1191: 1156: 1117: 1091: 1039:"JLENS boosts National Capital Region safety" 227:Multiple fiber optic links to ground facility 1663:"Congress Nails Runaway Blimp's Coffin Shut" 1153:- Forecastinternational.com, 10 October 2016 565:Privacy, weaponization, and weather concerns 782: 1751: 1737: 1660: 1615: 1062: 940: 334:In June 1997, the project office issued a 285:aerial detection system designed to track 29: 1972:AN/TPQ-53 Quick Reaction Capability Radar 1529: 1320:. Raytheon news release, January 14, 2013 879:Aerospace Defense and Intelligence report 424:In 2012, the JLENS program experienced a 2067:Network Centric Airborne Defense Element 1577: 1087: 1085: 899:Army Readies JLENS Surveillance Aerostat 678:Hybrid Air Vehicles HAV 304 Airlander 10 533:, with JLENS casting an aerial net from 1298:. Electronic Privacy Information Center 2181: 1532:"Army works to pull blimp from ravine" 1015:- Army-Technology.com, 15 January 2013 980:Operational Test and Evaluation report 842: 840: 838: 836: 648:U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command 45:and other threat detection capability 2142:XM501 Non-Line-of-Sight Launch System 1997:Counter rocket, artillery, and mortar 1732: 1651:- Militarytimes.com, 11 February 2016 1082: 1758: 1724:Video demonstrating how system works 1296:"EPIC v. Army – Surveillance Blimps" 757:Beth Stevenson (16 September 2014). 1789:Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems 1530:Sylvester, Joe (October 29, 2015). 1434:"NORAD & USNORTHCOM on Twitter" 1365:Sebastian Sprenger (8 April 2011). 1037:Richard Tomkins (14 October 2014). 947:The Committee on the Present Danger 833: 13: 1947:AN/SLQ-32 electronic warfare suite 1578:Costello, Tom (October 28, 2015). 1192:Craig Timberg (3 September 2014). 608:to be approaching the ground near 295:airborne early warning and control 14: 2215: 1697:Official NORAD website/fact sheet 1685: 1504:Baltimore Sun (28 October 2015). 1244:Craig Timberg (22 January 2014). 1092:Craig Timberg (22 January 2014). 1003:- Defenseone.com, 5 December 2015 369:The system features two tethered 134:2009 (Block 1) and 2011 (Block 2) 2097:RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile 1707:Early JLENS brochure, April 1998 1692:Official U.S. Army JLENS website 1027:- UASvision.com, 18 January 2013 502:'s command and control systems. 438:Government Accountability Office 387:. JLENS is designed to provide 293:, manned and unmanned aircraft ( 174:242 feet or 77 yards (70 m) 1811:Raytheon Polar Services Company 1702:Official Raytheon JLENS website 1654: 1635: 1609: 1597: 1549: 1523: 1497: 1451: 1426: 1400: 1389: 1358: 1332: 1310: 1288: 1263: 1237: 1211: 1185: 1137: 1111: 1056: 1030: 1018: 1006: 994: 965: 934: 901:– Defensetech.org, 23 June 2014 522:cut funding in half, while the 453:were conducted December 6–7 at 2027:Ground-Based Midcourse Defense 1616:Jen Judson (30 October 2015). 1606:- LAtimes.com, 3 November 2015 1118:Nate Carlisle (10 June 2014). 1063:Gerald May (31 October 2014). 918:. 25 July 1999. Archived from 904: 892: 866: 802: 776: 750: 720: 694: 668:Tethered Aerostat Radar System 618:Anthony Township, Pennsylvania 139: 1: 1992:Controlled Impact Rescue Tool 1882:ALR-67 radar warning receiver 1852:AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon 941:Chet Nagle (1 October 2014). 688: 520:U.S. House of Representatives 505: 322: 126:$ 175 million (avg unit cost) 2042:Long-Range Engagement Weapon 1957:AN/SQQ-32 mine-hunting sonar 783:Dan Vergano (24 July 2013). 624:Active cancellation of JLENS 584: 219:3,500 pounds (1,600 kg) 166:7,000 pounds (3,200 kg) 7: 2052:Mark 54 lightweight torpedo 1661:Jen Judson (May 27, 2016). 1065:"JLENS: Securing our coast" 673:U.S. Army Air Defense Units 641: 470:improvised explosive device 365:Design, operation and costs 10: 2220: 2112:RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 1967:AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder radar 1962:AN/TPQ-36 Firefinder radar 1779:ELCAN Optical Technologies 447: 430:Under Secretary of Defense 251:10,000 feet (3,000 m) 2199:Raytheon Company products 2150: 1982:Beechcraft AQM-37 Jayhawk 1877:ALE-50 towed decoy system 1829: 1766: 614:Pennsylvania State Police 472:(IED) in real-time. 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October 29, 2015 875:"About the JLENS System" 658:National Missile Defense 610:Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania 598:Aberdeen Proving Ground 555:Staten Island, New York 543:Raleigh, North Carolina 512:Aberdeen Proving Ground 359:Aberdeen Proving Ground 312:Aberdeen Proving Ground 2117:Sea-based X-band Radar 1897:AN/APG-65 radar family 1892:AN/APG-63 radar family 853:Defense Industry Daily 653:Anti-ballistic missile 352:El Segundo, California 287:boats, ground vehicles 43:surface-to-air missile 1821:ThalesRaytheonSystems 1124:The Salt Lake Tribune 531:Operation Noble Eagle 489:Dugway Proving Ground 308:surveillance aircraft 216:Payload capacity 1098:The Washington PostI 551:Cumberland, Maryland 336:request for proposal 182:~80 feet (24 m) 1412:NBC 10 Philadelphia 1377:on 14 December 2014 1271:"The Baltimore Sun" 1198:The Washington Post 516:Baltimore, Maryland 329:Huntsville, Alabama 1932:AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel 1712:2009-09-02 at the 1647:2017-05-10 at the 1489:has generic name ( 1346:on 9 December 2014 1173:. 17 December 2014 1149:2016-10-12 at the 1069:The Baltimore SunI 708:. 16 December 2014 663:Surveillance blimp 602:Aberdeen, Maryland 547:Richmond, Virginia 485:early user testing 400:Standard Missile 6 385:fire-control radar 378:surveillance radar 240:Fuel capacity 86:Production history 80:United States Army 2176: 2175: 1922:AN/ASQ-228 ATFLIR 1414:. 28 October 2015 953:on 4 October 2007 576:Hellfire missiles 380:and the other an 267: 266: 2211: 1862:AIM-9 Sidewinder 1760:Raytheon Company 1753: 1746: 1739: 1730: 1729: 1680: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1658: 1652: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1613: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1510:baltimoresun.com 1501: 1495: 1494: 1488: 1484: 1482: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1430: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1404: 1398: 1393: 1387: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1373:. 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Index


surface-to-air missile
Aerostat
United States
United States Army
Raytheon
TCOM
Raytheon
tethered
boats, ground vehicles
cruise missiles
airborne early warning and control
aerostats
Army
surveillance aircraft
Aberdeen Proving Ground
Maryland
Huntsville, Alabama
request for proposal
Hughes Aircraft
Raytheon
El Segundo, California
Aberdeen Proving Ground
aerostats
VHF-band
surveillance radar
X-band
fire-control radar
24/7
Patriot

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