810:
1449:
27:
1525:
1469:
1459:
1216:
371:, and Francesco Antonio Marcelli. Unlike the manuals of the previous century, those written in the 17th century were generally restricted to covering only the rapier being used alone or with a companion arm (such as the dagger, cloak, or rotella). By the end of the 17th century, the manuals begin to take on a more classical character in both the terminology and the presentation of the techniques.
379:
Although there is a considerable gap in extant
Italian treatises, between 1696 and 1800, we can see from the earliest 19th-century treatises that the style had changed very little during that period. The only changes were the addition of certain techniques suitable for the somewhat lighter blades of
405:
In Italy, the
National Academy (Accademia Nazionale) certifies masters in both historical fencing and modern fencing based on careful adherence to the principles of Italian swordsmanship. Abroad, the Italian style is cultivated by professional institutions such as the San Jose State fencing program
147:
Although the weapons and the reason for their use changed dramatically throughout these five centuries, a few fundamental traits have remained constant in the
Italian school. Some of these are the preference for certain guards, the preoccupation with time (or "tempo") in fencing as well as many of
213:, was written by Filippo Vadi sometime between 1482 and 1487. Although different, Vadi's work appears to be based upon Fiore's earlier work. It has been suggested that Vadi's style of swordsmanship represents a transitional phase between that of Fiore and the later Bolognese masters.
387:
By the end of the 19th century, the immediate ancestor of modern fencing had developed with its familiar pedagogy and collection of techniques and theory. At this time, the two predominant schools within the
Italian tradition are the Radaellian (after Maestro
384:-Scorza and Pietro Grisetti). Even at the beginning of the 19th century, techniques for coming to grips were still being taught and the use of the dagger as an accompanying weapon was still discussed (although not as a prominent and popular choice).
396:
to be the official syllabus of the newly founded Scuola
Magistrale of fencing (now called Classical Italian Fencing). Parise's teachings survive to this day almost unchanged, although many of Radaelli's saber teachings were incorporated.
380:
the dueling swords typically used in 1800 as compared to the rapiers typical for the end of the 17th century (compare the techniques presented by Bondì di Mazo in his 1696 manual with those in the 1803 manual of
144:
is used to describe the
Italian style of fencing and edged-weapon combat from the time of the first extant Italian swordsmanship treatise (1409) to the days of classical fencing (up to 1900).
462:
393:
216:
A general survey of the 16th-century
Italian manuals shows instruction for the following weapon or weapon combinations in at least one published manual:
466:
1179:
1975:
1944:
886:
1117:
1077:
992:
978:
964:
950:
936:
1887:
406:(California, United States), where Maestro William Gaugler ran a program largely based on the classical style of Parise.
943:
The
Complete Renaissance Swordsman: A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons ~ Antonio Manciolino's Opera Nova (1531)
1741:
1149:
1105:
1091:
1063:
1049:
1034:
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1597:
1514:
833:
410:
1783:
1621:
1505:
1230:
828:
492:
454:
209:
328:. However, there were other Italian authors not directly associated with the Bolognese school including
1980:
1235:
537:
Opera Nova
Chiamata Duello, O Vero Fiore dell'Armi de Singulari Abattimenti Offensivi, & Diffensivi
638:
325:
417:(WMA) communities in Europe and the United States have practitioners of Italian masters such as
1763:
1462:
1646:
1281:
450:
309:
112:
108:
363:
With the 17th century came the popularity of the rapier and a new century of masters, including
1985:
1343:
392:) and the Neapolitan. In 1883 the Italian Ministry of War selected the treatise by Neapolitan
985:
In the
Service of Mars: Proceedings from the Western Martial Arts Workshop 1999–2009, Volume I
1846:
1625:
1583:
1142:
1895:
1561:
1388:
838:
414:
173:
One of the earliest known Italian treatises on swordsmanship and other martial arts is the
1483:
957:
Venetian Rapier: The School, or Salle ~ Nicoletto Giganti's 1606 Rapier Fencing Curriculum
8:
1851:
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1434:
1359:
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368:
317:
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1122:
1042:
Flos Duellatorum - Manuale di Arte del Combattimento del XV secolo di Fiore dei Liberi
1027:
Anonimo Bolognese - L'Arte della Spada, Trattato di scherma dell'inizio del XVI secolo
1916:
1883:
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1795:
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1101:
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L'Arte Cavalleresca del Combattimento - De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi di Filippo Vadi
1045:
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1969:
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1641:
1491:
1424:
244:
157:
563:, L'Arte della Spada (M-345/M-346 Manuscripts) - (early or mid 16th century)
183:
around 1409. Fiore's treatise describes an advanced martial arts system of
1820:
1695:
1651:
1592:
1429:
1338:
1098:
The Duellist's Companion: a Training Manual for 17th Century Italian Rapier
642:
570:
560:
546:
532:
511:
360:
who wrote a manual in 1570 which was translated into English in the 1590s.
152:
1084:
The Swordsman's Companion: A Modern Training Manual for Medieval Longsword
1835:
1825:
1773:
1414:
308:
The most significant group of authors from this time were those from the
192:
184:
915:
Monomachia - Trattato dell'Arte della Scherma di Sandro Altoni Francesco
1861:
1556:
1419:
927:
Butera, Matteo, Francesco Lanza, Jherek Swanger, and Reinier van Noort
575:
Opera Nova per Imparare a Combattere, & Schermire d'ogni sorte Armi
516:
Exercitiorum Atque Artis Militaris Collectanea in Tris Libros Distincta
26:
1926:
1809:
1656:
1571:
1368:
1195:
478:
298:
Sword for two hands (also referred to as the spadone by some masters)
196:
1830:
1736:
1587:
843:
249:
48:
40:
999:
Arte Gladitoria: 15th Century Swordsmanship of Master Filippo Vadi
1667:
1318:
1158:
1070:
The History of Fencing: Foundations of Modern European Swordplay.
626:
Ragion di Adoprar Sicuramente l'Arme si da Offesa, come da Difesa
287:
226:
200:
124:
1874:
1842:
1721:
1678:
272:
254:
188:
72:
1100:. Highland Village, TX.: The Chivalry Bookshelf, 2006. Print.
1906:
1778:
1303:
1215:
971:
The Art of Dueling: Salvator Fabris' Fencing Treatise of 1606
633:
Prattica e theorica del bene adoperare tutte le sorti di arme
231:
204:
82:
44:
1604:
1513:
1086:. Union City, Calif.: The Chivalry Bookshelf, 2004. Print.
1001:. Union City, Calif.: The Chivalry Bookshelf, 2002. Print.
973:. Union City, Calif.: The Chivalry Bookshelf, 2004. Print.
505:
Flos Duellatorum in armis, sine armis, equester et pedester
266:
1127:
773:
Trattato teorico-pratico della scherma di spada e sciabola
16:
Style of combat from the 15th century to the 19th century
592:
Trattato di Scientia d'Arme con un Dialogo di Filosofia
332:(who has the distinction of codifying the four guards—
959:. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. Print.
945:. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. Print.
445:, Bob Charron of St. Martin's Academy (both studying
805:
179:(Fior Di Battaglia/The Flower of Battle) written by
688:Gran Simulacro dell'Arte e dell'Uso della Scherma
469:, of Finland's School of European Swordsmanship.
1967:
1123:Fiore Dei Liberi: 14th century Master of Defence
168:
931:. Nordkisa, Norway: Van Noort, Reinier, 2016.
913:Battistini, A., J. Venni and M. Rubboli, eds.
1499:
1143:
351:
345:
339:
333:
887:"Bolognese Swordsmanship: The Dardi School"
863:"Vadi Guards | PDF | Sword | Melee Weapons"
1506:
1492:
1150:
1136:
742:Trattato della Scherma di Spada e Sciabola
1118:Bolognese Swordsmanship: The Dardi School
661:La seconda parte della Scherma Illustrata
609:Monomachia: Trattato dell'Arte di Scherma
35:Diagram from the Pisani facsimile of the
997:Porzio, Luca, tr., and Gregory D. Mele.
987:. Freelance Academy Press, 2010. Print.
400:
1515:Historical European Martial Arts (HEMA)
1011:Rubboli, Marco and A. Battistini, eds.
39:(fol. 17A). The four animals symbolize
1968:
1945:Historical martial arts reconstruction
1054:Rubboli, Marco, and Luca Cesari, eds.
1040:Rubboli, Marco, and Luca Cesari, eds.
1025:Rubboli, Marco, and Luca Cesari, eds.
778:Pecoraro, Salvatore e Pessina, Carlo.
1487:
1131:
1458:
1180:Fédération Internationale d'Escrime
1058:. Rimini: Il Cerchio, 2001. Print.
1044:. Rimini: Il Cerchio, 2002. Print.
1029:. Rimini: Il Cerchio, 2005. Print.
1015:. Rimini: Il Cerchio, 2008. Print.
917:. Rimini: Il Cerchio, 2007. Print.
787:The Science of Fencing. Revised ed.
698:De lo Schermo ovvero Scienza d'Armi
13:
1068:William M. Gaugler, Lance C. Lobo
929:The Spada Maestra of Bondì di Mazo
14:
1997:
1111:
725:La Scherma di Sciabola e di Spada
161:was one of the influences of the
1976:Historical European martial arts
1523:
1467:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1214:
1013:Opera Nova di Antonio Manciolino
834:Historical European martial arts
808:
659:Giuseppe Morsicato Pallavicini,
652:Giuseppe Morsicato Pallavicini,
411:Historical European martial arts
312:and it included such masters as
25:
1468:
766:La Scherma di Sciabola. 3rd ed.
759:La Scherma di Fioretto. 2nd ed.
602:La Scherma di Francesco Alfieri
437:, etc. Practitioners include
207:. Another important treatise,
142:Italian school of swordsmanship
20:Italian School of Swordsmanship
1231:Fencing at the Summer Olympics
879:
855:
829:German school of swordsmanship
668:Trattato in Materia di Scherma
64:La Scuola Della Spada Italiana
1:
907:
849:
744:- 1883 1st ed. - 1904 5th ed.
733:-Scorza and Pietro Grisetti,
493:De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi
210:De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi
169:Renaissance to Baroque period
163:early modern style of fencing
1742:Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza
614:Francesco Antonio Marcelli,
472:
374:
356:—that survive to this day),
7:
1598:King René's Tournament Book
1236:World Fencing Championships
1157:
801:
457:), Matt Easton of London's
10:
2002:
485:Medieval/Early Renaissance
1940:
1539:
1521:
1443:
1397:
1357:
1280:
1249:
1223:
1212:
1188:
1165:
844:Spanish school of fencing
631:Giovanni Antonio Lovino,
130:
119:
96:
88:
78:
68:
60:
24:
735:La Scienza della Scherma
449:), Gregory Mele of the
1647:Brotherhood of St. Mark
1531:The Martial Arts Portal
891:Chicago Swordplay Guild
463:St Louis School of Arms
451:Chicago Swordplay Guild
262:Sword and broad buckler
148:the defensive actions.
983:Mele, Gregory D., ed.
771:Masiello, Ferdinando,
764:Masiello, Ferdinando,
757:Masiello, Ferdinando,
747:Masiello, Ferdinando,
639:Giovanni dall'Agocchie
551:Trattato dello Schermo
352:
346:
340:
334:
326:Giovanni dall'Agocchie
304:Unarmed against dagger
1847:Russian fist fighting
1626:Johannes Liechtenauer
1250:Modern fencing topics
737:- 1803 - 1871 3rd ed.
654:La Scherma Illustrata
461:, Ken Harding of the
401:Contemporary practice
1578:Early Post-Classical
1562:Ancient Greek boxing
955:Leoni, Tomasso, tr.
941:Leoni, Tomasso, tr.
839:Italian martial arts
785:William M. Gaugler,
647:Dell'Arte di Scrimia
616:Regole della Scherma
481:by Italian masters:
453:(studying Fiore and
415:Western Martial Arts
155:of fencing with the
97:Famous practitioners
1852:bare-knuckle boxing
1784:Scottish broadsword
1616:Late Post-Classical
1435:Martial arts manual
1267:High school fencing
1175:Glossary of fencing
816:Martial arts portal
740:Masaniello Parise,
523:Renaissance/Baroque
443:Schola Saint George
241:Partisan and shield
21:
1981:Historical fencing
1726:Ridolfo Capo Ferro
1636:Paulus Hector Mair
1610:Le jeu de la hache
1545:
1272:Wheelchair fencing
1262:Collegiate fencing
1170:History of fencing
678:Scola overo Teatro
666:Marco Docciolini,
607:Francesco Altoni,
567:Antonio Manciolino
459:Schola Gladiatoria
431:Ridolfo Capo Ferro
318:Antonio Manciolino
109:Antonio Manciolino
19:
1963:
1962:
1935:
1934:
1800:Giuseppe Radaelli
1796:Classical fencing
1731:Francesco Alfieri
1481:
1480:
1410:Modern pentathlon
1241:Fencing World Cup
1224:Main competitions
1078:978-18-845281-6-3
993:978-0-9825911-5-4
979:978-1-891448-23-2
965:978-0-9825911-2-3
951:978-0-9825911-3-0
937:978-82-690382-0-0
731:Giuseppe Rosaroll
721:Giuseppe Radaelli
704:Vincentio Saviolo
684:Ridolfo Capoferro
674:Nicoletto Giganti
622:Giacomo di Grassi
598:Francesco Alfieri
557:Anonimo Bolognese
435:Francesco Alfieri
394:Masaniello Parise
390:Giuseppe Radaelli
382:Giuseppe Rosaroll
369:Ridolfo Capoferro
358:Giacomo di Grassi
283:Sword and rotella
237:Partisan (weapon)
138:
137:
79:Country of origin
1993:
1955:Academic fencing
1690:Fiore dei Liberi
1605:Medieval buckler
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1541:
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1398:Related articles
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500:Fiore dei Liberi
447:Fiore dei Liberi
421:, Filippo Vadi,
419:Fiore dei Liberi
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310:Bolognese school
286:Sword and small
181:Fiore dei Liberi
176:Flos Duellatorum
103:, Filippo Vadi,
101:Fiore dei Liberi
37:Flos Duellatorum
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1567:Greek wrestling
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1405:List of fencers
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423:Achille Marozzo
413:(HEMA) and the
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365:Salvator Fabris
330:Camillo Agrippa
322:Angelo Viggiani
314:Achille Marozzo
223:Dagger and cape
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131:Olympic sport
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61:Also known as
59:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
28:
23:
1821:Quarterstaff
1716:Early Modern
1696:Dardi school
1685:
1652:Federfechter
1593:Bem cavalgar
1529:
1528:
1430:Dueling scar
1344:Displacement
1339:Prise de fer
1097:
1083:
1069:
1055:
1041:
1026:
1012:
998:
984:
970:
956:
942:
928:
914:
895:. Retrieved
893:. 2010-04-26
890:
881:
870:. Retrieved
866:
857:
786:
779:
772:
765:
758:
752:
748:
741:
734:
724:
708:His Practise
707:
697:
687:
677:
667:
660:
653:
646:
643:Dardi school
632:
625:
615:
608:
601:
591:
581:
574:
571:Dardi school
561:Dardi school
550:
547:Dardi school
536:
533:Dardi school
515:
512:Pietro Monte
503:
491:
476:
408:
404:
386:
378:
362:
307:
215:
208:
174:
172:
156:
153:Dardi school
150:
146:
141:
139:
51:(lion), and
32:
1836:Jogo do Pau
1826:Singlestick
1774:Small sword
1415:Knife fight
1358:Equipment (
780:La Sciabola
496:- 1482-1487
467:Guy Windsor
259:Sword alone
193:short sword
55:(elephant).
33:sette spade
1970:Categories
1896:Lancashire
1862:James Figg
1584:Tournament
1557:Pankration
1420:Half-sword
908:Literature
897:2021-12-18
872:2021-12-18
850:References
301:Two swords
292:Sword and
277:Sword and
271:Sword and
265:Sword and
92:Historical
1907:Icelandic
1810:Aldo Nadi
1657:Longsword
1572:Gladiator
1369:Body cord
1286:Bladework
715:Classical
611:- c. 1550
479:treatises
473:Treatises
375:Classical
197:longsword
185:grappling
140:The term
53:fortitude
47:(tiger),
43:(lynx),
1917:Scottish
1888:Cumbrian
1843:Pugilism
1831:La canne
1737:Destreza
1624::
1588:Jousting
1453:Category
1360:glossary
1349:Priority
1282:Footwork
802:See also
789:- 2004.
279:gauntlet
73:Weaponry
49:audacity
45:celerity
41:prudence
1922:Serbian
1884:Cornish
1880:English
1686:Italian
1668:Dussack
1551:Ancient
1473:Outline
1319:Riposte
1189:Weapons
1159:Fencing
635:c. 1580
441:of the
341:seconda
288:buckler
227:Halberd
201:pollaxe
125:fencing
123:Modern
89:Creator
1875:Breton
1790:Modern
1735:
1722:Rapier
1692:
1679:Ringen
1677:
1673:Dagger
1666:
1662:Messer
1640:
1622:German
1329:Flèche
1314:Remise
1309:Attack
1104:
1090:
1076:
1072:1997.
1062:
1048:
1033:
1019:
1005:
991:
977:
963:
949:
935:
921:
867:Scribd
793:
782:- 1910
775:- 1884
768:- 1902
761:- 1902
753:- 1889
727:- 1876
710:- 1595
700:- 1606
690:- 1610
680:- 1606
670:- 1601
663:- 1673
656:- 1670
649:- 1572
628:- 1570
618:- 1686
604:- 1640
594:- 1553
584:- 1696
577:- 1531
553:- 1575
539:- 1536
518:- 1509
508:- 1409
465:, and
353:quarta
350:, and
273:dagger
255:Spetum
220:Dagger
203:, and
189:dagger
1927:Swiss
1912:Irish
1902:Greek
1892:Devon
1779:Sabre
1384:Forte
1374:Piste
1334:Flick
1304:Feint
1299:Lunge
1294:Parry
1206:Sabre
477:Some
347:terza
335:prima
294:targa
232:Lance
205:spear
83:Italy
69:Focus
1389:Grip
1379:Lamé
1324:Ward
1201:Foil
1196:Épée
1102:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1074:ISBN
1060:ISBN
1046:ISBN
1031:ISBN
1017:ISBN
1003:ISBN
989:ISBN
975:ISBN
961:ISBN
947:ISBN
933:ISBN
919:ISBN
791:ISBN
455:Vadi
409:The
324:and
267:cape
245:Pike
151:The
31:The
1972::
1894:,
1890:,
1886:,
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1798::
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900:.
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