50:
470:
348:. On November 28, 1821, Panama proclaimed its independence from Spain. Independence was achieved without bloodshed and with the participation of the most prominent men of the country, who through their financial contributions neutralized the Spanish army that guarded the Isthmus. Panama's independence movement began on November 10, 1821 with the
489:). In 1824, by means of the Law of Territorial Division of the Republic of Colombia , the department was subdivided into provinces. According to the laws of Gran Colombia, the civil government of the department was headed by an intendant and the military authority was represented by the General Commander of the department.
408:
The
Isthmus was characterized by a strong tendency towards autonomism, as an early antecedent we have the tenacious opposition of its political class, against the adoption of the Bolivian constitution that was intended to be implemented in Gran Colombia, despite all the efforts of the special envoy
397:, the Isthmus Department was provisionally created until the next meeting of Congress, with the same rights granted to the original departments created by the law of October 2, 1821. He also divided it into two provinces:
349:
416:
was held in the capital of the department. But this remarkable event was not an obstacle for the first attempt of separation from
Colombia to take place in that year. It so happened that the
436:
446:, who separated the Isthmus on September 26, 1830. However, he returned to reintegrate it to Gran Colombia on December 11 of the same year. The second attempt was made by Colonel
457:
on July 9, 1831, following the example of
Venezuela and Ecuador. But the movement was suffocated and its leaders executed on August 29 of that year by orders of General
420:
ignored the requests for commercial franchises for the
Isthmus, which frustrated Panamanian aspirations. Consequently, a separatist movement arose to turn Panama into a
354:
239:
225:
211:
186:
620:
447:
360:
686:
604:
745:
740:
537:
Outside of these provinces, it also notionally included coastal territories farther northward along the
Caribbean shoreline of present-day
492:
According to the provisions of the Law of
Division of Colombia of June 25, 1824, the department consisted of two provinces and 10 cantons:
477:
The department of the
Isthmus was constituted with the territory of the current Republic of Panama, the north of the current department of
750:
49:
367:, there was emancipation from the Spanish Empire and Panama's decision to voluntarily join Gran Colombia was officially proclaimed.
730:
374:, its main trading partner during the Spanish colonial era. Of these, the most important to join Gran Colombia was the figure of
645:
725:
381:
Up until this point, Panama had remained within the
Spanish monarchy and had avoided the troubles afflicting the rest of the
345:
550:
533:. In 1824 the province of Veraguas was made up of the cantons of Santiago, Alanje, La Mesa and GaimĂ (head of Remedios).
218:
204:
735:
678:
319:
280:
66:
597:
394:
232:
673:
390:
382:
441:
295:
and some disputed coastal territories farther northward along the
Caribbean shoreline of present-day
386:
24:
486:
389:, which had been promulgated on August 30, 1819. On February 9, 1822, by Executive Decree of the
191:
409:
of SimĂłn BolĂvar and the pressure exerted by the intendant and military chief in the
Isthmus.
482:
452:
311:
432:. The movement was, however, repressed by the Colombian military stationed on the Isthmus.
526:
417:
513:
and Los Santos. In 1824 the province of Panama included the cantons of Panama, Portobelo,
370:
Several factors influenced the final decision to join Panama to Gran Colombia, instead of
8:
506:
478:
458:
413:
375:
364:
631:
Quintero, César. Evolución Constitucional de Panamá. Editorial Portobelo, 1999. Panamá
496:
398:
668:
641:
520:
402:
335:
288:
412:
In 1826, the same year in which the Isthmus rejected the Bolivian constitution, the
570:"Acta de fidelidad del Departamento del Istmo de Panamá a la República de Colombia"
510:
469:
421:
96:
435:
Regarding concrete separations, the first was carried out under the leadership of
385:. On November 28, 1821 Panama was voluntarily annexed to Gran Colombia under the
86:
598:"ContralorĂa de Panamá: Datos generales e histĂłricos de la RepĂşblica de Panamá"
546:
425:
341:
304:
157:
569:
719:
701:
688:
429:
284:
55:
315:
17:
502:
76:
363:; eighteen days later, on November 28, after the patriot victory at the
538:
296:
542:
300:
621:
Juan B. Sosa, LĂmites de Panamá, 1919, Revista Loteria, Pág. 18-19.
378:, who at that time was at the height of his glory and popularity.
23:
For the former department of the modern Republic of Colombia, see
530:
514:
323:
292:
371:
517:(formerly Darien del Sur), Nata, Los Santos and Chorrera.
291:. It covered the territory of what is now the country of
529:. In 1822 it consisted of two cantons: Santiago and
314:
and the influence of the United States to build the
16:Not to be confused with the Panama Department of
717:
505:. In 1822 it consisted of six cantons: Panama,
481:, and the Costa Rican southern Pacific (from
287:. It was created in 1824 and named after the
346:the wars of independence against the Spanish
464:
48:
257:Panama, parts of Costa Rica and Nicaragua
468:
473:Map of the Isthmus Department from 1827
350:independence of the Villa de Los Santos
318:the former Department of Gran Colombia
746:1824 establishments in Central America
718:
549:was disputed with the British and the
424:country, under the protection of the
340:The region of Panama was part of the
741:1824 establishments in Gran Colombia
592:
590:
551:Federal Republic of Central America
13:
751:1903 disestablishments in Colombia
14:
762:
587:
219:Province of Veragua (New Granada)
610:from the original on 2008-11-18.
545:. Control over this part of the
237:
223:
209:
205:Province of Panama (New Granada)
184:
54:Isthmus Department (red) within
648:from the original on 2008-09-14
391:Vice President of Gran Colombia
731:Former departments of Colombia
634:
625:
614:
562:
1:
556:
726:Departments of Gran Colombia
437:General José Domingo Espinar
395:Francisco de Paula Santander
233:Mosquito Coast (New Granada)
7:
674:History of the Panama Canal
662:
67:Department of Gran Colombia
10:
767:
679:Panama–Colombia separation
383:Viceroyalty of New Granada
333:
329:
22:
15:
285:Republic of Gran Colombia
265:Department of the Isthmus
253:
163:
153:
143:
138:
134:
124:
114:
110:
102:
92:
82:
72:
62:
47:
42:
32:
465:Administrative divisions
25:Panama Department (1886)
320:separated from Colombia
192:Cundinamarca Department
736:19th century in Panama
474:
387:Constitution of CĂşcuta
269:Departamento del Istmo
268:
126:• Disestablished
37:Departamento del Istmo
472:
642:"Historia de Panama"
574:www.bicentenarios.es
527:Santiago de Veraguas
522:Province of Veraguas
418:Congress of Colombia
277:Department of Panama
271:, also known as the
145:• 1825 estimate
698: /
116:• Established
509:, Darien del Sur,
498:Province of Panama
475:
448:Juan Eligio Alzuru
414:Congress of Panama
365:Battle of Carabobo
361:Segundo Villarreal
324:Republic of Panama
312:Thousand Days' War
273:Isthmus Department
34:Isthmus Department
669:History of Panama
336:History of Panama
289:Isthmus of Panama
279:) was one of the
261:
260:
249:
248:
245:
244:
197:
196:
758:
713:
712:
710:
709:
708:
703:
702:8.967°N 79.533°W
699:
696:
695:
694:
691:
657:
656:
654:
653:
644:. Chiriqui.org.
638:
632:
629:
623:
618:
612:
611:
609:
602:
594:
585:
584:
582:
581:
566:
459:Tomás de Herrera
456:
445:
358:
241:
240:
227:
226:
213:
212:
201:
200:
188:
187:
181:
180:
165:
164:
97:Federal republic
52:
30:
29:
766:
765:
761:
760:
759:
757:
756:
755:
716:
715:
706:
704:
700:
697:
692:
689:
687:
685:
684:
665:
660:
651:
649:
640:
639:
635:
630:
626:
619:
615:
607:
600:
596:
595:
588:
579:
577:
568:
567:
563:
559:
467:
450:
439:
352:
338:
332:
322:and became the
238:
224:
210:
185:
146:
127:
117:
58:
38:
35:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
764:
754:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
707:8.967; -79.533
682:
681:
676:
671:
664:
661:
659:
658:
633:
624:
613:
586:
560:
558:
555:
547:Mosquito Coast
535:
534:
518:
466:
463:
426:United Kingdom
342:Spanish Empire
334:Main article:
331:
328:
305:Mosquito Coast
259:
258:
255:
251:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
235:
229:
228:
221:
215:
214:
207:
198:
195:
194:
189:
177:
176:
171:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
136:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
87:Roman Catholic
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
53:
45:
44:
40:
39:
36:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
763:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
721:
714:
711:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
647:
643:
637:
628:
622:
617:
606:
599:
593:
591:
575:
571:
565:
561:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
528:
524:
523:
519:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:
495:
494:
493:
490:
488:
484:
480:
471:
462:
460:
454:
449:
443:
438:
433:
431:
430:United States
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
379:
377:
376:SimĂłn BolĂvar
373:
368:
366:
362:
356:
351:
347:
343:
337:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
256:
254:Today part of
252:
236:
234:
231:
230:
222:
220:
217:
216:
208:
206:
203:
202:
199:
193:
190:
183:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
162:
159:
156:
152:
148:
142:
137:
133:
129:
123:
119:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
57:
56:Gran Colombia
51:
46:
41:
31:
26:
19:
683:
650:. Retrieved
636:
627:
616:
578:. Retrieved
576:(in Spanish)
573:
564:
536:
521:
497:
491:
483:Punta Burica
476:
434:
411:
407:
380:
369:
339:
316:Panama Canal
309:
276:
272:
264:
262:
174:Succeeded by
173:
168:
18:Panama State
705: /
525:. Capital:
503:Panama City
501:. Capital:
487:Golfo Dulce
451: [
440: [
353: [
281:departments
169:Preceded by
720:Categories
652:2021-10-30
580:2023-12-13
557:References
539:Costa Rica
310:After the
297:Costa Rica
267:(Spanish:
139:Population
93:Government
543:Nicaragua
507:Portobelo
422:Hanseatic
301:Nicaragua
83:Religion
43:1824–1831
663:See also
646:Archived
605:Archived
428:and the
403:Veraguas
154:Currency
693:79°32′W
485:to the
359:led by
344:during
330:History
283:of the
103:History
73:Capital
690:8°58′N
531:Alanje
515:Yaviza
399:Panamá
293:Panama
149:80,000
106:
77:Panamá
63:Status
608:(PDF)
601:(PDF)
479:ChocĂł
455:]
444:]
357:]
541:and
511:Nata
401:and
372:Peru
299:and
263:The
158:Peso
130:1831
120:1824
405:.
307:).
275:or
722::
603:.
589:^
572:.
553:.
461:.
453:es
442:es
393:,
355:es
326:.
655:.
583:.
303:(
27:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)