1578:; i.e., the man paid a gift to his wife or her family upon marriage, rather than the opposite, placing a financial burden on men where none existed on women. This custom was continued but changed materially by Islam. The divine injunction stipulated that the dowry (mahr) is due to the wife only not her family. It can also be deferred thereby reducing the burden if the husband is unable to afford the requested dowry at the time of the marriage. The wife can defer it till a stipulated date or it can become a debt on the estate when the husband dies. And give their dowries willingly to women (as an obligation), but if they, of their own accord, remit a portion of the dowry, you may enjoy it with pleasure.
1541:, though generally, Islam allots women half the share of inheritance available to men if they inherit from the same father. For example, where the decedent has both male and female children, a son's share is double that of a daughter's. There are other circumstances where women might receive equal shares to men. For example, the share of the mother and father of a decedent who leaves children behind. Also the share of a brother who shares the same mother is equal to the share of a sister who shares the same mother, as do the shares of their descendants.
47:
170:
1350:), Muslim jurists added three additional heirs: the paternal grandfather, maternal grandmother, and agnatic granddaughter. These heirs, if entitled to inherit, are given their fixed shares and the remaining estate is inherited by the residuaries (ʿaṣaba). This led to some minor differences between jurisprudence schools of the
1565:
describes a person who leaves behind neither parents nor children; it also means all the relatives of a deceased except his parents and children, and it also denotes the relationships which are not through parents or children. Islamic scholars hold that the original reasons for these differences are
1287:
in its entirety, which bestows the responsibility and accountability on men to provide safety, protection and sustenance to women.. One explanation of why a daughter is entitled to only half that of the son is that Islam decrees that women, upon marriage are entitled to a "dowry" from the husband (in
2092:
Fibonacci uses ibn al-Yāsamin's fraction notations to the full in the Liber abbaci , writing composite fractions from right to left and mixed numbers with the fraction to the left – all in agreement with Arabic customs. Further, he often illustrates non-algebraic calculations in rectangular marginal
2010:
relationship and he has one brother or sister, then the brother or sister shall receive a sixth, and if they be more than this, then they shall be sharers in one-third, after payment of any legacies bequeathed and any debts – without harming anyone. This is a command from God, and God is
Gracious
1451:
Heirs referred to as primary heirs are always entitled to a share of the inheritance; they are never totally excluded. These primary heirs consist of the spouse relict, both parents, the son(s) and the daughter(s). All remaining heirs can be totally excluded by the presence of other heirs. But under
2028:
heirs that if a man dies childless and he has only a sister, then she shall inherit half of what he leaves and if a sister dies childless, then her brother shall be her heir; and if there are two sisters, then they shall inherit two-thirds of what he leaves. If there are many brothers and sisters,
1379:
closely resemble that of the Sunni system. In modern Muslim countries, usually a mixture of different schools of jurisprudence (including Shia) is in effect, in addition to a number of important reforms to the traditional system. The main achievements of such modern systems was the codification of
1504:
The classical position of the Maliki and Shafi'i schools is that if there are no quota or residuary heirs, the property directly goes to the state treasury, i.e. steps (3) and (4) are skipped. However, both schools joined the Hanafi and
Hanbali schools in adopting the above five steps due to the
1528:
There are even further rules of exclusion and inclusion of different relatives. The only "practical situations" which may cause disqualification are differences of religion and homicide. But schools of
Islamic jurisprudence differed whether a Muslim can inherit from a non-Muslim or not. All the
1456:
Quota-heirs (dhawu al-farāʾḍ), This group includes four males and eight females. The male quota-heirs are the husband, father, paternal grandfather and maternal brother. The females quot-heirs are the wife, daughter, granddaughter, mother, grandmother, full sister, paternal sister and maternal
1255:
introduced a number of different rights and restrictions on matters of inheritance, including what were at that time general improvements to the treatment of women and family life. The Qur'an also presented efforts to fix the laws of inheritance, and thus forming a complete legal system. This
2133:
At this point it would be well to make a few remarks about
Fibonacci's fractions. The first thing to note is the format, 1/2 4, which means four and a half. The format is unique to Andalusia and the Maghrib and reflects the Arabic method of writing from right to left, something Fibonacci most
1263:
Furthermore, the Qur'an introduced additional heirs that were not entitled inheritance in pre-Islamic times, mentioning nine relatives specifically of which six were female and three were male. The laws of inheritance in the Qur'an also included other male relatives, such as the husband and
1551:
Sometimes, women get double the share as that of men; for example, if there are only parents and a husband, the husband will receive half, the father gets 1/6 and the mother gets 2/6. This is according to Ibn Abbas's interpretation of verses 11, 12 of Surah An-Nisa.
2087:
Hesitating progress-the slow development toward algebraic symbolization in abbacus-and related manuscripts, c. 1300 to c. 1550: Contribution to the conference" Philosophical
Aspects of Symbolic Reasoning in Early Modern Science and Mathematics", Ghent, 27–29 August
1264:
half-brothers from the mother's side, who were excluded from inheritance in old customs. The heirs mentioned in the Qur'an are the mother, father, husband, wife, daughter, brother who shares the same mother, full sister, sister who shares the same mother, and
1517:, only relatives with a legitimate blood relationship to the deceased are entitled to inherit. Thus, illegitimate children and adopted children have no shares in inheritance. In general, a full brother will exclude a half-brother who shares a common father ("
1452:
certain circumstances, other heirs can also inherit as residuaries, namely the father, paternal grandfather, daughter, agnatic granddaughter, full sister, consanguine sister, and mother. Those who inherit are usually categorized into three groups:
1299:, Muslims are allowed to give out a maximum of one third of their property, while the rest will be divided according to the verses of inheritance, after all debt, should there be any, be relieved, as most Jurists now agree that the verses of
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the responsibilities that are allotted to spouses. A husband in Islam must use his inheritance to support his family while a wife has no support obligations. Additionally, Arab society traditionally practiced the custom of
1288:
addition to any provision by her parents). It is thereafter the husband's obligation to care for and maintain his wife and the "dowry" is, therefore, essentially an advance of inheritance rights from her husband's estate.
1521:" brother), but not a half-brother who shares a common mother. In cases where a deceased man leaves a pregnant woman, the unborn child's share will be reserved. Also a woman during the time of waiting (ʿiddat) after
1929:(I)f the deceased left children behind, each of the parents shall get one sixth of the estate, but if the deceased left no children and the parents are the only heirs, the mother shall get one third of the estate...
1278:
states that "this is not meant as a regular legal ordinance, but is part of the Qur'anic endeavor to improve the position of women." The Qur'an does not explicitly mention the shares of male relatives, such as the
1330:
allotted great importance to the laws of inheritance and ordered his followers to learn and teach them. Muslim jurists used these verses as a starting point to expound the laws of inheritance even further using
1260:
societies where rules of inheritance varied considerably. They do, however, also differ from ongoing secular egalitarian improvements since that time, up to, though principally in, the modern era.
1463:
Extended family members (dhawu al arham): This includes any blood relative who is not a quot-heir or 'asaba (residuary). Examples include maternal grandfather, aunts, nieces and female cousins.
1611:, the foundational text of algebra, devoted its third and longest chapter to solving problems related to Islamic inheritance using algebra. He formulated the rules of inheritance as
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Members of the ʿaṣaba (residuaries), usually a combination of male (and sometimes female) relatives that inherit as residuaries after the shares of the Quota-heirs is distributed.
1607:
1903:
From what is left by parents and those nearest related there is a share for men and a share for women, whether the property be small or large,-a determinate share."Sura 4:7
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In general, the Qur'an improved the status of women by identifying their share of inheritance in clear terms. It also completely forbade the practice of inheriting widows.
2209:
1457:
sister. However, there are scenarios that could move the daughter, granddaughter, father, grandfather, full siblings and paternal siblings to the second group ('asaba).
1482:
If there are no residuaries, but there is a balance from step (1), then the money is redistributed proportionally to the quota-heirs. This process is called (
1283:'s son, but provides the rule that the son's share must be twice that of the daughter's. Muslim theologians explain this aspect of inheritance by looking at
1787:"Sahih al-Bukhari 2742 - Wills and Testaments (Wasaayaa) - كتاب الوصايا - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"
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61:
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Determine the value / will of the deceased if any (which is capped to one third of the estate as the remainder is decided by shariah law).
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led to a number of problems and controversies that Muslim jurists have solved in different ways. Through the use of deductive reasoning (
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then the share of each male shall be that of two females. God expounds unto you that you err not and God has knowledge of all things."
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1318:
The Qur'an contains only three verses which give specific details of inheritance and shares, in addition to few verses dealing with
1938:
1548:, inheritance issues were commonly resolved in courts, with the defendants even being family members of women that were suing them.
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All quota-heirs are allocated their shares. If this exhausts the property, the process completes. Otherwise, go to next step.
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1364:, despite being based on the same principles, differ in a number of features due to the rejection of certain accounts of
17:
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There are some who say women are entitled to equal inheritance in Islam. In seventeenth century
Ottoman cities, such as
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Muslims are also encouraged to give money to the orphans and poor if they are present during the division of property.
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and based on their understanding of certain events in early Islam. On the other hand, the system of inheritance of the
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Therefore, it is necessary to determine the relatives of the deceased who are entitled to inherit, and their shares.
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Before the revelation of the verses containing the above changes, the Qur'an used to require
Muslims to write down a
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If there are no quota-heirs and no residuary heirs, then the property is distributed to extended family members.
1392:. Muslims inherit from one another as stated in the Qur'an. Hence, there is a legal share for relatives of the
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1972:
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1633:) specializing in Islamic inheritance jurisprudence during the 12th century, developed the modern symbolic
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Distribute the remainder of estate and property to the relatives of the deceased according to
Shariah Law.
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detailing how they wish to dispose of their entire property. However, in the now optional will, called
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1435:(a person who makes a will). Islamic law places the following types of restrictions on the testator.
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jurists agree that intentional or unjustifiable killing would exclude a person from inheritance.
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The amount that they can bequeath (which must not exceed one third of the deceased's estate).
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1989:
Gerber, Haim. “Social and
Economic Position of Women in an Ottoman City, Bursa, 1600-1700.”
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If there are no quota-heirs, no residuary heirs, and no extended heirs, then the property
8:
2180:
2111:
1936:
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613:
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2148:
2052:
Gandz, Solomon (1938). "The
Algebra of Inheritance: A Rehabilitation of Al-Khuwarizmi".
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These laws take greater prominence in Islam because of the restrictions placed on the
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2090:. Preprints. Vol. 390. Berlin: Max Planck Institute for the History of Science.
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When a Muslim dies there are four duties which need to be performed. They are:
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1668:, a specialist in Islamic inheritance jurisprudence, used characters from the
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The Islamic law of inheritance served as an impetus behind the development of
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1657:. These same digits and fractional notation appear soon after in the work of
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1173:
235:
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he used are also nearly identical to the digits used in the current Western
1339:. In later periods, large volumes of work have been written on the subject.
1734:. Vol. 7 (2nd ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. pp. 106–113.
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in his estate and property. The major rules of inheritance are detailed in
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The role of Islamic inheritance in the development of Islamic mathematics
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1851:. Vol. 3. Kuwait Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs. p. 29.
1837:. Vol. 3. Kuwait Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs. p. 30.
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2012:
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1866:. Beltsville, Maryland U.S.A: Amana Publications. pp. 502–504.
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Even the Qur'an does distinguish between men and women in cases of
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1292:
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1080:
1037:
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1891:(in Arabic). Saudi Arabia: Al Sunnah Al Muhammadiyya. p. 304.
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is considered a wife of the deceased for purposes of inheritance.
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2024:"People ask your pronouncement. Say: God enjoins you about your
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probably learned as a student in a Moslem school in Bougie.
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2006:"If a man or a woman is made an heir on account of his
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1811:"Surah Al-Baqarah Ayat 180 (2:180 Quran) With Tafsir"
1973:"Women as witnesses and their share of inheritance"
1508:
1472:Inheritance is distributed in the following order:
2147:
1479:Residuary heirs get the remainder of the property.
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1388:Inheritance is considered as an integral part of
1335:, as well as methods of juristic reasoning, like
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1769:
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1439:Which persons they can bequeath their wealth to.
1219:, a topic that is prominently dealt with in the
2109:Fibonacci, Leonardo; Barnabas Hughes (2008).
1748:
1649:are separated by a horizontal bar. The "dust
1342:This amalgamation of old agnatic customs and
1246:
1181:
1991:International Journal of Middle East Studies
1889:Al Insaf fi ma'rifat Al rajeh mina al-khilaf
2210:Division of Inheritance According to Qur'an
1505:absence or disorganization of Bayt al-mal.
1446:
1537:In Islam, women are entitled the right of
1188:
1174:
1467:
1243:, "the science of the ordained quotas").
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
2172:
1532:
2190:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
1886:
1729:
14:
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2084:
1861:
1725:
67:Please improve this article by adding
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1993:, vol. 12, no. 3, 1980, pp. 231–244.
1849:Encyclopedia of Islamic Jurisprudence
1835:Encyclopedia of Islamic Jurisprudence
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1715:
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1384:Details of inheritance in Islamic law
1357:. Also, the laws of inheritance for
1322:power. It has also been reported in
1313:
40:
1240:
1212:
80:"Islamic inheritance jurisprudence"
24:
1887:Mirdawi, Ali bin Muhammad (1956).
1776: – Dr. Abid Hussain
1730:Schacht, Joseph (1991). "Mīrāth".
1702:
25:
2253:
2203:
2185:"Abu'l Hasan ibn Ali al Qalasadi"
2113:Fibonacci's De practica geometrie
1201:Islamic Inheritance jurisprudence
1666:Abū al-Hasan ibn Alī al-Qalasādī
1509:Rules of inclusion and exclusion
1415:Pay funeral and burial expenses.
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32:Islamic economical jurisprudence
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1676:system in algebraic equations.
1603:medieval Islamic mathematicians
1256:development was in contrast to
697:(unlawful warfare and banditry)
2242:Islamic economic jurisprudence
2154:. New York: Broadway. p.
1997:, www.jstor.org/stable/163000.
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1599:Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī
1307:by the verses of inheritance.
13:
1:
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1691:Mathematics in medieval Islam
1418:Paying debts of the deceased.
69:secondary or tertiary sources
7:
2064:University of Chicago Press
1774:Islamic Laws of Inheritance
1679:
1625:, a mathematician from the
1608:Hisab al-jabr w’al-muqabala
10:
2258:
2237:Islamic law of inheritance
1864:Reliance of the Traveller"
1247:Inheritance and the Qur'an
29:
1615:, hence his knowledge of
30:This is a sub-article of
2195:University of St Andrews
1447:Different types of heirs
1231:is technically known as
718:("spreading corruption")
1496:to the state treasury,
1732:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1468:Process of Inheritance
56:relies excessively on
2146:Livio, Mario (2003).
2042:Surah An Nisa verse 5
1674:mathematical notation
1664:In the 15th century,
1661:in the 13th century.
1635:mathematical notation
1533:Women and inheritance
1223:. It is often called
1205:Islamic jurisprudence
156:Islamic jurisprudence
2215:Inheritance in Islam
2181:Robertson, Edmund F.
2117:. Springer. p.
2093:frames suggesting a
1862:Keller, Nuh (1997).
1227:, and its branch of
27:Inheritance in Islam
2179:O'Connor, John J.;
2085:Høyrup, J. (2009).
1617:quadratic equations
18:Islamic inheritance
2220:2022-11-18 at the
2011:and All-Knowing."
1941:2007-06-10 at the
1619:was not required.
1590:(derived from the
1380:inheritance laws.
1215:) that deals with
809:Gender segregation
372:Islamic leadership
2128:978-0-387-72930-5
1873:978-0-915957-72-9
1605:. Al-Khwārizmī's
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1156:
1155:
1150:
1140:
1133:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1048:
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1034:
1027:
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1013:
1006:
999:
994:
988:
983:
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977:
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961:
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943:
936:
928:
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884:
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869:
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839:
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828:
823:
816:
806:
798:
797:
792:
791:
788:
787:
782:
781:
780:
779:
776:(compensation)
768:
757:
743:
742:
741:
740:
729:
720:
711:
700:
689:
678:
667:
662:
650:
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334:
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152:
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139:
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53:
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44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2254:
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2240:
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2208:
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2196:
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2182:
2175:
2167:
2165:0-7679-0816-3
2161:
2157:
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2098:
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2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2039:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2003:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1955:"Inheritance"
1950:
1944:
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1924:
1917:
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1743:
1741:90-04-09419-9
1737:
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1399:
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1378:
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1371:
1367:
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1234:
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1202:
1191:
1186:
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1172:
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1162:
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1127:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1105:
1104:
1098:
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1093:
1090:
1088:
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1083:
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1078:
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1075:
1074:
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1068:
1067:
1061:
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1056:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1046:
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1039:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
987:
986:
981:
976:
975:
966:
963:
962:
956:
955:
951:
949:
948:
944:
942:
941:
937:
935:
934:
930:
929:
927:
926:
923:
920:
919:
914:
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890:
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870:
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832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
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814:
810:
807:
805:
804:
800:
799:
795:
790:
789:
778:
773:
769:
767:
765:(retaliation)
762:
758:
756:
751:
747:
746:
745:
744:
739:
734:
730:
724:
721:
715:
712:
710:
705:
701:
699:
694:
690:
688:
686:(illicit sex)
683:
679:
677:
672:
668:
666:
663:
661:
660:
656:
655:
654:
653:
648:
643:
642:
630:
629:
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611:
609:
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601:
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594:
590:
588:
587:
583:
581:
580:
576:
575:
573:
572:
569:
566:
565:
556:
555:Breastfeeding
553:
551:
548:
547:
543:
542:
538:
536:
535:
531:
527:
526:
522:
520:
519:
515:
514:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
502:
501:
495:
494:
490:
488:
487:
483:
481:
480:
476:
474:
473:
469:
468:
463:
462:
458:
456:
453:
452:
450:
449:
446:
443:
442:
437:
432:
431:
423:
422:
418:
416:
415:
411:
409:
408:
404:
402:
401:
397:
395:
394:
390:
388:
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381:
378:
377:
373:
370:
369:
366:
361:
360:
347:
346:
340:
339:
335:
333:
332:
328:
325:
324:
320:
318:
314:
313:
309:
308:
306:
305:
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297:
296:
293:
292:
288:
287:
284:
283:
279:
278:
273:
272:
268:
266:
265:
261:
254:
253:
249:
247:
246:
241:
240:
238:
237:
236:Sunnah prayer
232:
231:
227:
226:
222:
220:
219:
215:
213:
212:
208:
207:
205:
204:
201:
200:
196:
195:
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187:
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176:
175:
171:
167:
166:
163:
161:
154:
153:
149:
145:
144:
135:
132:
124:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
64:
63:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
2188:
2174:
2149:
2141:
2132:
2112:
2104:
2094:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2038:
2025:
2020:
2007:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1977:www.irfi.org
1976:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1928:
1923:
1911:
1902:
1897:
1888:
1882:
1863:
1857:
1848:
1843:
1834:
1829:
1818:. Retrieved
1814:
1805:
1794:. Retrieved
1790:
1781:
1731:
1663:
1641:, where the
1631:North Africa
1621:
1606:
1594:
1585:
1574:rather than
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1527:
1512:
1503:
1483:
1471:
1450:
1430:
1427:
1410:
1387:
1341:
1320:testamentary
1317:
1309:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1270:
1262:
1250:
1232:
1224:
1200:
1199:
1143:
1135:
1128:
1102:
1079:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1001:
964:
952:
945:
938:
931:
910:
899:
893:
886:
879:
872:
860:
818:
801:
771:
760:
749:
732:
727:("sedition")
708:("mischief")
703:
692:
681:
670:
657:
628:Masturbation
626:
619:
612:
605:
598:
591:
584:
577:
539:
532:
523:
516:
491:
484:
477:
470:
459:
419:
412:
405:
398:
391:
384:
344:
336:
329:
322:
310:
298:
289:
280:
269:
262:
250:
243:
234:
223:
216:
209:
197:
188:
159:
127:
121:October 2019
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
55:
1647:denominator
1568:bride price
1539:inheritance
1519:consanguine
1515:Islamic law
1498:Bayt al-mal
1390:Shariah Law
1344:Islamic law
1285:Islamic law
1273:Orientalist
1266:consanguine
1258:pre-Islamic
1241:علم الفرائض
1229:Islamic law
1217:inheritance
965:Inheritance
912:Bayt al-mal
271:Nafl prayer
36:inheritance
2231:Categories
2066:: 319–91.
1820:2022-07-12
1796:2022-07-12
1791:sunnah.com
1697:References
1601:and other
1561:relation.
826:Honorifics
675:(gambling)
91:newspapers
58:references
1659:Fibonacci
1643:numerator
1639:fractions
1623:Al-Hassār
1370:Kharajite
1305:abrogated
1303:has been
1144:Istijarah
794:Etiquette
737:(stoning)
665:Blasphemy
380:Caliphate
365:Political
2218:Archived
1939:Archived
1815:My Islam
1680:See also
1494:escheats
1433:testator
1394:decedent
1355:maddhabs
1328:Muhammad
1281:decedent
1268:sister.
1147:(asylum)
1122:Military
1081:Dhabihah
1038:Tayammum
940:Murabaha
845:Economic
647:Criminal
586:Abortion
550:Adoption
507:Polygyny
455:Contract
445:Marriage
317:clothing
252:Tahajjud
148:a series
146:Part of
2026:kalalah
2008:kalalah
1651:ciphers
1627:Maghreb
1595:al-jabr
1588:algebra
1563:Kalalah
1558:kalalah
1523:divorce
1359:Twelver
1301:waṣeyya
1297:waṣeyya
1103:kashrut
1087:Alcohol
1070:Dietary
1059:Istinja
1003:Taharah
980:Hygiene
947:Takaful
922:Banking
898: (
895:Sadaqah
854:History
693:Hirabah
607:Hygiene
541:Kafa'ah
512:Divorce
393:Imamate
341: (
315: (
245:Tarawih
211:Raka'ah
190:Shahada
105:scholar
2162:
2125:
2055:Osiris
2031:Qur'an
2013:Qur'an
1933:Sura 4
1916:Qur'an
1870:
1738:
1592:Arabic
1484:al rad
1402:Hadith
1398:Qur'an
1377:Zaidis
1373:Ibadis
1366:Hadith
1333:Hadith
1324:Hadith
1253:Qur'an
1237:Arabic
1225:Mīrāth
1221:Qur'an
1209:Arabic
1045:Miswak
997:Toilet
992:Sexual
831:Toilet
820:Mahram
813:Purdah
774:
763:
752:
735:
725:
716:
706:
695:
684:
673:
671:Maisir
593:Baligh
568:Sexual
493:Mut‘ah
479:Halala
472:Misyar
436:Family
414:Dhimmi
407:Bay'ah
323:Mut'ah
225:Turbah
180:Ritual
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
2095:lawha
1995:JSTOR
1672:as a
1597:) by
1576:dowry
1572:dower
1546:Bursa
1352:Sunni
1348:Qiyas
1337:Qiyas
1326:that
1137:Hudna
1130:Jihad
1052:Najis
1031:Ghusl
1024:Masah
1010:Ihram
954:Sukuk
888:Khums
881:Nisab
874:Jizya
862:Zakat
761:Qisas
750:Tazir
723:Fitna
704:Fasad
659:Hudud
579:Awrah
534:Iddah
525:Zihar
518:Khula
338:Umrah
331:Tawaf
312:Ihram
291:Zakat
218:Qibla
199:Salah
112:JSTOR
98:books
2160:ISBN
2123:ISBN
2088:2009
1935::11
1868:ISBN
1736:ISBN
1645:and
1637:for
1406:Fiqh
1404:and
1375:and
1362:Shia
1293:will
1251:The
1092:Pork
1017:Wudu
933:Riba
901:Waqf
803:Adab
772:Diya
733:Rajm
682:Zina
621:Zina
614:Rape
600:Haya
486:Urfi
461:Mahr
421:Aman
345:Hajj
343:and
300:Hajj
282:Sawm
264:Witr
160:fiqh
84:news
34:and
2068:doi
2033:, .
2015:, .
1918:, .
1570:or
1513:In
1213:فقه
60:to
2233::
2193:,
2187:,
2183:,
2158:.
2156:96
2131:.
2121:.
2119:12
2062:.
2058:.
1975:.
1957:.
1931:""
1813:.
1789:.
1750:^
1704:^
1486:).
1408:.
1400:,
1239::
1211::
150:on
71:.
2168:.
2097:.
2074:.
2070::
2060:5
1979:.
1961:.
1927:"
1905:.
1876:.
1823:.
1799:.
1744:.
1629:(
1500:.
1235:(
1207:(
1189:e
1182:t
1175:v
904:)
815:)
811:(
348:)
326:)
255:)
242:(
162:)
158:(
134:)
128:(
123:)
119:(
109:·
102:·
95:·
88:·
65:.
38:.
20:)
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