123:
140:"First among the Bolognese women to hold arms for the fight in the name of freedom, she always fought with a lion's courage. Captured in combat by the German SS, subjected to fierce torture, she did not say a word that could compromise her comrades. After being blinded she was barbarously slaughtered and her body left on the public street. Pure heroine, worthy of the virtues of Italian women, she was the beacon of all the patriots of Bologna in the war of Liberation".
281:(pseudonym of duo of Italian artists composed of Wally (born in Carrara) and Alita (born in Milan), chose for this the facade of the Bombicci, the school that claims a "democratic and anti-fascist vocation" purpose, and also to express how Bandiera was a national heroine and also daughter of the same district. A large mural was created using the
90:. In the evening she was arrested at her uncle's house, along with two other partisans. They were locked up in the schools of San Giorgio, but she was separated from her companions. She was then transferred to Bologna, where her captors hoped to obtain further information about the Resistance from her.
101:
On 14 August
Bandiera's body was found on the pavement near a factory, where her torturers had left her in open display for a whole day as a warning. Her body was then taken to the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Via Irnerio where a guardian, a friend of the Resistance, took pictures of her face
113:
In her honour, in the summer of 1944, a group of partisans operating in
Bologna took the name of the First Garibaldi Brigade "Irma Bandiera". A SAP brigade (Patriotic Action Team) operating in the northern suburbs of Bologna was also named after her, as well as a Women's Defense Group.
19:
93:
While her family was looking for her in prisons and barracks, Bandiera was tortured for a week by the fascists of the
Special Autonomous Company, led by Captain Renato Tartarotti, who blinded her, but Irma resisted without speaking, thus saving her fellow partisans. According to
109:
The
Bolognese federation of the Italian Communist Party on 4 September 1944 circulated a clandestine paper in which they recalled the patriotic sense of Bandiera's sacrifice, calling on people to intensify the partisan struggle for liberation from Nazism and fascism.
56:
Bandiera was born in 1915 in a well-off
Bolognese family; her father Angelo was in construction, and became anti-fascist during the dictatorship; her mother was Argentina Manferrati, and she had a sister, Nastia.
98:, "the most ignominious defeat of their bloody profession was called Irma Bandiera". Finally, the Fascists shot her point-blank at the Meloncello di Bologna, near her parents' house, on 14 August.
83:
of
Bologna. On 5 August 1944 the partisans killed a German officer and a commander of the SS, which triggered a reprisal the next day in Funo. Three partisans were arrested and imprisoned.
428:
277:
paid tribute to
Bandiera in the neighbourhood where she was born and where she was later killed. The association CHEAP Street Poster Art and the duo of street artists of
601:
144:
Bandiera is remembered in the Shrine of Piazza
Nettuno and in the Monument to the Partisan Falls in Villa Spada. Streets are named after her in the municipalities of
383:
677:
79:, the partisan "Marco". Irma joined the Resistance, at the time very active in the Bolognese plain, with the name of battle "Mimma" in the VII GAP brigade,
161:
329:
626:
229:
243:, a road named after Bandiera begins at the Arco del Meloncello, the place where she was murdered. There is a memorial plaque there to her memory:
278:
502:
357:
667:
432:
313:
29:
528:
372:
550:
71:
Bandiera began to help demobilised
Italian soldiers after the armistice and took an interest in politics, joining the
672:
465:
333:
477:
126:
133:
75:. In the village of Funo, where she would visit relatives, she met a medical student, Dino Cipollani from
64:
after 8 September 1943, and was lost at sea after the ship he was on was bombed and sunk off the port of
413:
189:
173:
72:
627:"Partigiana Irma Bandiera, inaugurated the murals at the Bombicci schools | Radio CittĂ del Capo"
506:
354:
37:
60:
Following the armistice, Bandiera's boyfriend, a soldier, was taken prisoner by the
Germans in
285:, reproducing her smiling face as she was immortalized in one of her most famous photographs.
303:
662:
657:
193:
8:
157:
505:. Municipality of Bologna. Monuments that speak: resistance in Zaragoza. Archived from
282:
103:
309:
213:
33:
576:
453:
330:""A Communist pioneer," from the Rome correspondent of the Tablet on 16 June 1984"
95:
361:
232:(in the province of Alessandria). A large housing complex also bears her name in
153:
87:
122:
233:
221:
197:
185:
651:
209:
102:
devastated by torture. Bandiera was finally buried in the cemetery of the
177:
169:
86:
On 7 August 1944, Bandiera was carrying weapons to her group's base in
551:"Resistance, the face of Irma Flag on the wall of a school in Bologna"
136:, along with 18 other women partisans. The justification mentions how
181:
132:
At the end of the war, Bandiera was decorated posthumously with the
149:
76:
274:
240:
225:
217:
165:
145:
65:
41:
201:
18:
205:
61:
273:
On the occasion of the 72nd anniversary of the Liberation,
257:
For life and the redemption of the people and of Italy
253:
Your ideals were able to overcome torture and death
373:
Scheda di Irma Bandiera in Chi era Costui (Italian)
355:
Lapide di Irma Bandiera from Bologna page (Italian)
259:Only the immense pride attenuates the fierce pain
40:, held her in high esteem. A street in her native
301:
32:. In 1944 she was captured, blinded, and killed.
649:
305:The Feminist Encyclopedia of Italian Literature
678:Recipients of the Gold Medal of Military Valor
28:(1915–1944) was a member of the seventh
106:, in the company of family and some friends.
602:"Resistance, Irma Flag on schools Bombicci"
577:"Orticanoodles nell'Encyclopedia Treccani"
308:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 87.
295:
121:
17:
650:
423:
421:
409:
407:
405:
403:
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
391:
117:
668:Italian resistance movement members
418:
263:So many who knew you and loved you
13:
388:
14:
689:
531:. chieracostui.com, Who was this?
216:(in the province of Agrigento),
619:
594:
569:
543:
521:
495:
470:
265:In the place of your sacrifice
459:
447:
377:
366:
348:
322:
255:Freedom and youth you offered
44:is named for her and the song
1:
288:
127:Gold Medal of Military Valour
261:Of the comrades of struggle
134:Gold Medal of Military Valor
51:
30:Gruppo di azione patriottica
7:
466:Il Martiro di Irma Bandiera
414:Storia e Memoria di Bologna
10:
694:
482:Presidency of the Republic
456:, "Donne della Resistenza"
302:Rinaldina Russell (1997).
673:Politicians from Bologna
503:"Lapid of Irma Bandiera"
38:Italian Communist Party
429:"Radio CittĂ del Capo"
271:
142:
129:
22:
267:For perennial memory
245:
174:Granarolo dell'Emilia
138:
125:
21:
224:(in the province of
194:San Giorgio di Piano
606:Corriere di Bologna
529:"Card of Irma Flag"
478:"Awards: Irma Flag"
336:on 16 February 2016
158:Castelnovo di Sotto
360:2013-08-23 at the
283:pouncing technique
190:Sant'Ilario d'Enza
130:
118:Honours and memory
104:Certosa di Bologna
23:
509:on 23 August 2013
435:on 14 August 2018
315:978-0-313-29435-8
249:National heroine
34:Enrico Berlinguer
685:
642:
641:
639:
637:
623:
617:
616:
614:
612:
598:
592:
591:
589:
587:
573:
567:
566:
564:
562:
547:
541:
540:
538:
536:
525:
519:
518:
516:
514:
499:
493:
492:
490:
488:
474:
468:
463:
457:
451:
445:
444:
442:
440:
431:. Archived from
425:
416:
411:
386:
384:Magazzini Sonori
381:
375:
370:
364:
352:
346:
345:
343:
341:
332:. Archived from
326:
320:
319:
299:
81:Gianni Garibaldi
48:relates to her.
693:
692:
688:
687:
686:
684:
683:
682:
648:
647:
646:
645:
635:
633:
631:Radio Cape Town
625:
624:
620:
610:
608:
600:
599:
595:
585:
583:
581:www.treccani.it
575:
574:
570:
560:
558:
557:. 15 April 2017
549:
548:
544:
534:
532:
527:
526:
522:
512:
510:
501:
500:
496:
486:
484:
476:
475:
471:
464:
460:
452:
448:
438:
436:
427:
426:
419:
412:
389:
382:
378:
371:
367:
362:Wayback Machine
353:
349:
339:
337:
328:
327:
323:
316:
300:
296:
291:
268:
266:
264:
262:
260:
258:
256:
254:
252:
250:
248:
154:Castel Maggiore
120:
88:Castel Maggiore
73:Communist Party
54:
46:Mimma e Balella
12:
11:
5:
691:
681:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
644:
643:
618:
593:
568:
542:
520:
494:
469:
458:
446:
417:
387:
376:
365:
347:
321:
314:
293:
292:
290:
287:
247:Irma Bandiera
234:Frattamaggiore
198:Emilia-Romagna
186:Pieve di Cento
119:
116:
53:
50:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
690:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
653:
632:
628:
622:
607:
603:
597:
582:
578:
572:
556:
555:Repubblica.it
552:
546:
530:
524:
508:
504:
498:
483:
479:
473:
467:
462:
455:
454:Renata Viganò
450:
434:
430:
424:
422:
415:
410:
408:
406:
404:
402:
400:
398:
396:
394:
392:
385:
380:
374:
369:
363:
359:
356:
351:
335:
331:
325:
317:
311:
307:
306:
298:
294:
286:
284:
280:
279:Orticanoodles
276:
270:
244:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:Civitavecchia
207:
203:
200:, as well as
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
141:
137:
135:
128:
124:
115:
111:
107:
105:
99:
97:
96:Renata Viganò
91:
89:
84:
82:
78:
74:
69:
67:
63:
58:
49:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
26:Irma Bandiera
20:
16:
634:. Retrieved
630:
621:
609:. Retrieved
605:
596:
584:. Retrieved
580:
571:
559:. Retrieved
554:
545:
533:. Retrieved
523:
511:. Retrieved
507:the original
497:
485:. Retrieved
481:
472:
461:
449:
437:. Retrieved
433:the original
379:
368:
350:
338:. Retrieved
334:the original
324:
304:
297:
272:
251:1915 - 1944
246:
238:
143:
139:
131:
112:
108:
100:
92:
85:
80:
70:
59:
55:
45:
25:
24:
15:
663:1944 deaths
658:1915 births
340:10 February
222:Sant'Arpino
652:Categories
289:References
178:Malalbergo
170:Crevalcore
439:14 August
182:Molinella
162:Cattolica
52:Biography
36:, of the
636:27 April
611:27 April
586:27 April
561:27 April
358:Archived
150:Argelato
77:Argelato
535:18 July
513:18 July
275:Bologna
241:Bologna
230:Valenza
226:Caserta
218:Gonnesa
166:Copparo
146:Bologna
66:Piraeus
42:Bologna
312:
228:) and
214:Ribera
202:Rovigo
487:8 May
206:Terni
62:Crete
638:2017
613:2017
588:2017
563:2017
537:2014
515:2014
489:2015
441:2018
342:2016
310:ISBN
269:Put
239:In
196:in
654::
629:.
604:.
579:.
553:.
480:.
420:^
390:^
236:.
220:,
212:,
208:,
204:,
192:,
188:,
184:,
180:,
176:,
172:,
168:,
164:,
160:,
156:,
152:,
148:,
68:.
640:.
615:.
590:.
565:.
539:.
517:.
491:.
443:.
344:.
318:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
